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Early Flowering Mutant Chia and Uses Thereof David Hildebrand University of Kentucky, [email protected]

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Early Flowering Mutant Chia and Uses Thereof David Hildebrand University of Kentucky, Dhild@Uky.Edu University of Kentucky UKnowledge Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents Plant and Soil Sciences 11-19-2013 Early Flowering Mutant Chia and Uses Thereof David Hildebrand University of Kentucky, [email protected] Watchareewan Jamboonsri Timothy Phillips University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_patents Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Hildebrand, David; Jamboonsri, Watchareewan; and Phillips, Timothy, "Early Flowering Mutant Chia and Uses Thereof" (2013). Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents. 13. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_patents/13 This Patent is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. US008586831B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,586,831 B2 Hildebrand et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 19, 2013 (54) EARLY FLOWERING MUTANT CHIA AND (52) US. Cl. USES THEREOF USPC ......................................... .. 800/295; 435/410 (58) Field of Classi?cation Search (75) Inventors: David Hildebrand, Lexington, KY None (Us); Watchareewall Jamboonsri, See application ?le for complete search history. Bangkok (TH); Timothy Phillips, Lexington, KY (U S) (56) References Cited (73) Assignee: University of Kentucky Research PUBLICATIONS Foundation, Lexington, KY (U S) Cahill et al 2002, The Journal of Heredity 93(1): 52-55.* ( * ) Notice; Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Chen et a1, Derwent Abstract 2008-129315 of Chinese Patent Publi patem is extended or adjusted under 35 cation CN 101120654 A, published Feb. 13, 2008* U'SC' 154(1)) by 551 days‘ Coates et al 1996, Industrial Crops and Products 5: 229-233.* (21) Appl. N0.: 12/609,946 * Cited by examiner (22) Filed, Oct 30 2009 Primary Examiner * David H Kruse ’ (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * McDermott Will & Emery (65) Prior Publication Data LLP US 2013/0007909 A1 Jan. 3, 2013 (57) ABSTRACT . The invention relates to early ?owering Chia (Salvia his Related U's' Apphcatlon Data panica L.) strains that are suitable for culturing in a temperate (60) Provisional application No. 61/197,952, ?led on Oct. area for seed production. Mutations are introduced to Wild 31, 2008. type chia seeds. Desired mutant progeny having normal appearance and an altered ?ora organ development is subse (51) Int. Cl. quently identi?ed. A01H 5/00 (2006.01) A01H 5/10 (2006.01) 18 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets US. Patent Nov. 19, 2013 Sheet 1 013 US 8,586,831 B2 100 10 Figure 1 US. Patent N v. 19, 2013 Sheet 2 of3 US 8,586,831 B2 Figure 2 US. Patent Nov. 19, 2013 Sheet 3 of3 US 8,586,831 B2 Figure 3 US 8,586,831 B2 1 2 EARLY FLOWERING MUTANT CHIA AND that Would alloW chia seeds to be produced in much of the USES THEREOF United States and other temperate regions. CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION APPLICATIONS The invention relates to early ?owering Chia (Salvia his This application claims the bene?t of US. Provisional panica L.) strains that are suitable for culturing in a temperate Application Ser. No. 61/197,952, ?led Oct. 31, 2008, Whichis area for seed production. Mutations are introduced to Wild incorporated by reference in its entirety. type chia seeds. Desired mutant progeny having normal appearance and an altered ?ora organ development is subse GOVERNMENT SUPPORT quently identi?ed. In one aspect, the invention provides a mutant Salvia his The Work described herein Was funded, in Whole or in part, panica L. plant exhibiting early ?oWering phenotype as com pared to a Wild type Salvia hispanica L. plant having the same by Grant Number 2008-34419-19015 from the United States genetic background. Department of Agriculture. The United States government In certain embodiments, the mutant Salvia hispanica L. may have certain rights in the invention. plant has a truncated vegetative groWth period, as compared to that of a Wild type Salvia hispanica L. plant having the FIELD OF THE INVENTION same genetic background, When groWn under a photoperiod 20 of at least 12 hours per day. The invention relates to early ?owering chia (Salvia his In certain embodiments, the mutant Salvia hispanica L. panica L.) strains that are suitable for culturing in a temperate plant develops ?oral organ When groWn in a temperate area area for seed production. under a photoperiod of at least 12 hours per day, at least 13 hours per day, at least 14 hours per day, or at least 15 hours per BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 25 day. In certain embodiments, the early ?oWering phenotype of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a member of the Labiateae or the mutant Salvia hispanica L. strain is obtained by chemical Lamiaceae or mint family. This annual seed crop has a chro induced mutagenesis. In certain embodiments, the early ?oW mosome number of 2n:12. Chia and chia oil are used as ering phenotype of the mutant Salvia hispanica L. strain is human food, animal feed, drying oil in paints, ingredient in 30 obtained by radiation-induced mutagenesis. cosmetics. Chia seed is a good source of natural lipid antioxi In another aspect, the invention provides a mutant Salvia dants. Flavonol glycosides, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and hispanica L. seed having a heritable trait that confers early myricetin are found in chia extracts. The antioxidant activity ?oWering phenotype. of a ?ber-rich fraction of chia ?our Was found to be higher In certain embodiments, the mutant Salvia hispanica seed than many cereals and similar to drinks such Wine, tea, coffee 35 is selected from a strain listed in Table 3. In an exemplary and orange juice. Chia seed coats are high in ?ber Which embodiment, the mutant Salvia hispanica L. seed is desig becomes mucilagenous and expands considerably When nated as Salvia hispanica L. line G8, under ATCC Patent soaked in Water. The ?ber contains xylose, glucose and glu Deposit Designation No. PTA-10460. curonic acid monomers. One report ?nds that a ?ber-rich The invention also provides a mutant Salvia hispanica L. fraction of chia ?our has 56.5 g/ 100 g total dietary ?ber 40 plant, or a part thereof, produced by groWing a mutant Salvia content. The ?ber-rich fraction Water-holding capacity is 15.4 hispanica L. seed of the invention. g/g. Chia seeds are about 20% protein. Chia is very high in Pollen, ovules, seeds and tissue cultures of regenerable omega-3 fatty acids. Diets supplemented With chia have been cells from the mutant Salvia hispanica L. plants of the inven found to decrease risks from some type of cardiovascular tion are also provided. diseases, cancers and diabetes. It has been reported that inclu 45 In another aspect, the invention provides a method for sion of chia in diets decreases tumor Weight and metastasis producing a mutant Salvia hispanica L. strain having an number and also inhibits groWth and metastasis in a murine altered ?ora organ development, as compared to a Wild type mammary gland adenocarcinoma. Long-term dietary supple Salvia hispanica L. having the same genetic background, mentation With chia attenuated a major cardiovascular risk comprising: (1) introducing one or more mutations to a popu factor and emerging factors safely beyond conventional 50 lation of Salvia hispanica seeds; (2) planting and groWing the therapy, While maintaining good glycemic and lipid control in Salvia hispanica seeds of step (1); and (3) selecting emergent people With Well-controlled type-2 diabetes. Omega-3 fatty Salvia hispanica L. plants, or progeny thereof, that are normal acids are reported to have a signi?cant bene?t in psychiatric in appearance and have an altered ?ora organ development. disorders such as prevention and/or treatment of unipolar and In certain embodiments, the altered ?ora organ develop bipolar depression. 55 ment is early ?oWering. Currently, chia is commercially groWn in tropical and sub In certain embodiments, the mutations are induced by a tropical areas, e.g., areas in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, chemical mutagen. In certain embodiments, the chemical Mexico and Peru Where latitude are ranged from 20°55'N to mutagen is Ethylmethane Sulphonate (EMS). In an exem 25°05'S. HoWever, in higher latitudes like Choele-Choele, plary embodiment, Salvia hispanica L. seeds are treated With (39°1 1'S) Argentina and Tucson (32°14'N), AriZ., USA, chia 60 6% (v/v) EMS. plants do not produce seeds since the seeds are killed by frost In certain embodiments, the mutations are induced by before they mature. radiation. In certain embodiments, the radiation is y-ray. In an Efforts for improving chia seed production has largely exemplary embodiments, Salvia hispanica L. seeds are been focused on selecting or breeding domesticated varieties treated With y-ray at 500 gray. of chia strains. HoWever, lack of reliable sources of chia limits 65 In another aspect, the invention provides a method for the potential to bring chia to the market as a neW commercial increasing the production of Salvia hispanica L. seeds, crop. Therefore, there is a need to generate neW chia strains Wherein said Salvia hispanica L. is groWn in a temperate area, US 8,586,831 B2 3 4 comprising: (1) introducing one or more mutations to a popu known mutation. Wild type chia strains include both unculti lation of Salvia hispanica L. seeds; (2) planting and growing vated/non-domesticated chia strains, as well as cultivated/ the Salvia hispanica L.
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