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Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook

NIBRS EDITION UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING HANDBOOK National Incident-Based Reporting System Edition

·Federal Bureau of Investigation 1992

During the more than 60 years since its inception in 1930, the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program has strivedto depict the crime problem in America. Expanding in scope, importance, and size over the years, the Program now encom­ passes approximately 16,000 Federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies nationwide which contribute crime statistics. Without their cooperation and support, the Program could not fulfill its mission. To ensure the best reporting possible and the production of a reliable set of crime statistics, the UCR staff has developed this handbook to assist participating agencies in understanding the policies and proce­ dures of the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). This document does not contain the technical coding and data transmission requirements of NIBRS. It is intended only to address policy, the types of data 10be reported, and reporting guidelines. Technical requirements for transmission of NIBRS are included in four volumes listed on page 3.

Inquiries concerning Uniform Crime Reporting may be addressed to:

Uniform Crime Reports Federal Bureau ofInvestigation Washington, D.C. 20535 Uniform Crime Reports

GOVERNMENT ~ ADMINISTRATORS --. ACADEMIC COMMUNITY LEGISLATORS

JUDICIARY OTHER USERS LAW ENFORCEMENT u CONTENTS CHAPTER 6 (Continued) Method of Entry 39 Type Criminal Activity INTRODUCTION 40 Type Weapon/Force Involved 40 Historical Background 1 National Incident-Based Reporting CHAPTER 7 System (NIBRS) 1 PROPERTY DATA Collection of Crime Data 41 2 Type PropertyLoss/Etc, State UCR Programs 41 2 Property Description 41 Uniform Crime Reporting Publications 2 Value of Property Benefits of Participation 43 3 Guidelines for Property Valuation 43 Requirementsfor Participation 3 Date Recovered 44 Number of Stolen Motor Vehicles CHAPTER 1 44 Number of Recovered Motor Vehicles REPORTING IN NIBRS 44 5 Suspected Drug Type NIBRS Reports 44 6 Estimated Drug Quantity/Type Drug Jurisdictional Reporting Rules 6 Measurement 45 Referrals From Other Agencies 9 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 2 VICTIM DATA GROUP A OFFENSES 47 11 Victim Sequence Number 47 NIBRS Group A Offense Definitions 11 Victim Connected to UCR Offense An Aid in Classifying Assaults 12 Code(s) 47 Type of Victim CHAPTER 3 47 Age of Victim GROUP B OFFENSES 48 23 Sex of Victim 48 NIBRS Group B Offense Definitions 23 Race ofVictim 48 Ethnicity of Victim CHAPTER 4 48 Resident Status of Victim NIBRS DATA SUBMISSIONS 48 25 Aggravated Assault/Homicide Definition of "Incident" 25 Circumstances Classifying Offenses 49 28 Additional Justifiable Homicide Crimes Against Persons/Property/ Circumstances Society 49 29 Type ofinjury 49 UCR Offense Codes 29 Offender Number(s) To Be Related 50 Relationship of Victim to Offender CHAPTER 5 50 ADMINISTRATIVE DATA 33 CHAPTER 9 ORINumber 33 OFFENDER DATA Incident Number 53 33 Offender (Sequence) Number Incident Date/Hour 53 33 Age of Offender Exceptional Clearances 53 34 Sex of Offender Exceptional Clearance Date 53 35 Race ofOffender 54 CHAPTER 6 OFFENSE DATA 37 CHAPTER 10 UCR Offense Codes 37 ARRESTEE DATA 55 Offense Attempted/Completed 37 Group B Arrest Reports 55 Offender(s) Suspected of Using 38 Arrestee (Sequence) Number 56 Bias Motivation 38 Arrest (Transaction) Number 56 Location Type 39 Arrest Date 56 Number of Premises Entered 39 Type of Arrest 56

iii CHAPTER 10 (Continued) CHAPTER 13 Multiple Arrestee Segments Indicator 56 STATISTICAL TOOLS FOR Arrest Offense Code 57 DECISIONMAKING 71 Arrestee Was Armed With 57 Volume 71 Age of Arrestee 57 Crime and Arrest Rates 71 Sex of Arrestee 58 Clearance Rates 71 Race of Arrestee 58 Law Enforcement Employee Rates 72 Ethnicity of Arrestee 58 Population-at-Risk Rates 72 Resident Status of Arrestee 58 Crime Trends 72 Disposition of Arrestee Under 18 58 Caveat on Data Usage 73 Juvenile Arrest Reporting 59 Community Types 73 Population 74 CHAPTER 11 Regions and Divisions 74 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED OR ASSAULTED 61 APPENDIX OFFENSE LOOKUP TABLE 75 CHAPTER 12 Description of Lookup Table 75 OTHER UNIFORM CRIME How to Classify Offenses of REPORTING FORMS 67 GeneralApplicability 75 Law Enforcement Employees Report 67 Offense Lookup Table 76 Supply Request 67

IV INTRODUCTION

Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) is a city, of recommending an expanded and enhanced county, state, and Federal law enforcement pro­ UCR Program to meet law enforcement needs gram. This Program provides a nationwide viewof into the 21st century. crime based on the submission of crime informa­ The FBI fully concurred with the need for an tion by law enforcement agencies throughout the updated Program to meet contemporary needs country. The crime data are submitted either and provided its support, formulating a com­ through a state UCR Program or directly to the prehensive redesign effort. Following a multiyear national UCR Program which is administered by study, a "Blueprint for the Future of the Uniform the FBI. For over half a century, the data have Crime Reporting Program"was developed. Using been used inlawenforcement administration, op­ the "Blueprint" and in consultation with local and eration, and management, as well as to indicate state law enforcement executives, new guidelines the levels and nature of crime in the UnitedStates. for Uniform Crime Reports were formulated. As outlined in this handbook, the National Incident­ HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Based Reporting System (NIBRS) will offer law In the 1920s, the International Association of enforcement more comprehensive data than ever Chiefs of Police (IACP) envisioned the need for before available for management, training, plan­ statistics on crime in our Nation. The Committee ning, etc. The implementation ofNIBRS willbe at on Uniform Crime Records of the IACP devel­ a pacecommensurate with the resources, abilities, oped this national data collection effort in 1930 and limitations of the contributing law enforce­ and continues to work with the FBI in its efforts ment agencies. with UCR. During that same year, the IACP was The Uniform Federal Crime Reporting Act, instrumental in gaining congressional approval passed in conjunction with the Anti-Drug Abuse which authorized the FBI to serve as the national Act of 1988, mandated that all Federal law en­ clearinghouse forstatistical information on crime. forcement agencies begin reporting crime data to The National Sheriffs' Association, in June, 1966, the FBI under the procedures established by the established a Committee on Uniform Crime Re­ UCR Program. Federal agencies report to the porting to work with the FBI and to encourage FBI in the same manner as individual state and sheriffs throughout the country to participate fully local law enforcement agencies and are held to the in the Program. To function in an advisory capac­ same uniform reporting standards. ity concerning UCR policy andto provide sugges­ tions on UCR data usage, a Data Providers NATIONAL INCIDENT-BASED REPORTING Advisory Policy Board was established in 1988. SYSTEM (NIBRS) The Board is composed of 20 city, county, and NIBRS is an incident-based reporting system state law enforcement executives, representing which means data are collected on each single the four geographic regions of the country and crime occurrence. NIBRS data are designed to be agencies of varying size. generated as a byproduct of local, state, and Fed­ Throughout its first 60 years of operation, the eral automated records systems. Thus, an agency VCR Program remained virtually unchanged in can build its own system to suit its individual terms of the data collected and disseminated. As needs, including all the information required for time progressed, a broad utility evolved for UCR administrative and operational purposes. Only data, and law enforcement expanded its capabili­ the data required by NIBRS are then reported to ties to supply crime information. In the late 1970s, , the national UCR Program. the law enforcement community called for a thor­ NIBRS collects data on each single incident and ough evaluative study of UCR with the objective arrest within 22 offense categories made up of 46 specific crimes called Group A offenses. For each

1 forth in this handbook. There is a lower level of Offenses. Other offenses are to be reported only participation which may be allowed if a state or when arrests occur. All of the other requirements local agency is unable to meet all of the offense. for NIBRS participation must be met. reporting requirements of full participation. At the time of this publication, law enforcement Under limited participation, detailed incident re. unanimously has adopted the "full participation" porting is reduced from 22 NIBRS Group A of. option of NIBRS. fense categories to the historical "Crime Index" offenses, including the expanded Forcible Sex

4 Chapter 1

REPORTING IN NIBRS

The primary objective of UCR is to collect a 10. Frand Offenses (continued) reliable set of criminal statistics for use in law Welfare Fraud enforcement administration, operation, and man­ Wire Fraud agement. To meet thisobjective, lawenforcement 11. Gambling Offenses agencies across the Nation have for over 60 years BettinglWagering voluntarily supplied information on crimes com­ OperatinglPromoting/Assisting Gambling ing to their attention.Not all crimes, however,are Gambling Equipment Violations appropriate indicators of the dimensions and Sports Tampering trends incrime on a nationalscale or readilycome 12. Homicide Offenses to the attention of law enforcement. Using the Murder and Nonnegligent Manslaughter specific criteria as stated on page 28,the following Negligent Manslaughter offense categories, known as Group A offenses, Justifiable Homicide were selected as those for which extensive crime 13. Kidnaping/Abdnction data should be collected in NIBRS. 14. Larceny/Theft Offenses 1. Arson Pocket-picking 2. Assault Offenses Purse-snatching Aggravated Assault Shoplifting Simple Assault Theft from Building Intimidation Theft from Coin-Operated Machine 3. Bribery or Device 4. Burglary/Breaking and Entering Theft from Motor Vehicle 5. Counterfeiting/Forgery Theft of Motor Vehicle Parts or 6. Destruction/DamagelVandalism of Accessories Property All Other Larceny 7. Drug/Narcotic Offenses 15. Motor Vehicle Theft DrugiNarcotic Violations 16. Pornography/Obscene Material Drug Equipment Violations 17. Prostitntion Offenses 8. Embezzlement Prostitution 9. Extortion/Blackmail Assisting or Promoting Prostitution 10. Fraud Offenses 18. Robbery False Pretenses/Swindle/Confidence 19. Sex Offenses, Forcible Game Forcible Rape Credit Card/Automatic Teller Forcible Sodomy Machine Fraud Sexual Assault With An Object Impersonation Forcible Fondling

5 TYPE PROPERTY PROPEoRTVDESCRIPTION DATE RECOVERED CODE QUANTlTV VALUE LOSS / ETC. INCLUDE MAKE, MODEL, SIZE, TYPE, SERIAL#, COLOR, ETC. Month I Day I Year

10 NONE

20 BuRNED

3 0 COUNTERFEITED / FORGED

40 DAMAGED I DESTROVED

50 RECOVERED

80 SEIZED

70 STOLEN

aD UNKNOWN

PROPERTY DESCRIPTION CODE TABLE: aa RECREATIONAL VEHICLES (Enter Number In Code Column Above) GAMBLING EQUIPMENT as STRUCTURES - SINGLE OCCUPANCY DWELLINGS is HEAVY CONSTRUCTION /INOUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT or AIRCRAFT " 30 STRUCTURES - OTHER DWELLINGS te HOUSEHOLD GOODS oe ALCOHOL at STRUCTURES· OTHER COMMERCIAL / BUSINESS JEWELRY! PRECIOUS METALS oa AUTOMOBILES 30 STRUCTURES· INDUSTRIAL! MANUFACTURING ta LIVESTOCK 0< BICYCLES " aa STRUCTURES - PUBLIC I COMMUNITY is MERCHANDiSE os BUSES STRUCTURES-STORAGE 30 MONEY os CLOTHES / FURS 30 STRUCTURES - OTHER ar NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS " COMPUTER HARDWARE / SOFTWARE 30 TOOLS - POWER / HAND aa NONNEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 30 CONSUMABLE GOODS TRUCKS " ea OFFICE-TVPE EQUIPMENT 30 CREDIT I DEBIT CARDS 30 VEHICLE PARTS/ ACCESSORIES OTHER MOTOR VEHICLES " to DRUGS I NARCOTICS 30 WATERCRAFT es PURSES / HANDBAGS / WALLETS tt DRUG I NARCOTIC EQUIPMENT " -n OTHER RADIOS/TVs/VCRs ta FARM EQUIPMENT 2" ea PENDING INVENTORY n RECORDINGS -AUDIO! VISUAL ta FIREARMS ae ( ,

NUMaER OF OFFENDERS: ---- I t. ADDRESS: (Street, City, State, ZiP)

HEIGHt'; WEIGH"F. AGE; ISEX; M D MALE ~ IRACE: WOWHITE A DASIAN )HAlR' jCLOTHING' F 0 FEMALE BOBLACK U 0 UNKNOWN -- --- uO UNKNOWN ( o INDIAN feel inches I"'" a ADDRESS,

AGE: \ SEX: MO MALE J !RACE' WOWHITE A 0 ASIAN HEIGHT: WElGH"F. !EYES: !HAIR: ICLOTHING, F 0 FEMALE BO BLACK U 0 UNKNOWN ------uO UNKNOWN ( o INDIAN leet inch . a ADDRESS'

HEIGHT: AGE: ISEX: M OMALE ~ IRACE: WOWHITE A o ASiAN WEIGH"f. !HAIR: jCLOTHING: F DFEMALE B o BLACK U 0 UNKNOWN -- , --- lEY"· U OUNKNOWN OlNOIAN teet Inche"

NUMBEROFARRESTEES: ______\ MUUlPLE CLEARANCE INDICATOR' MOMUlTIPLE cO COUNTARRESTEE; N 0 NOT APPLICABLE

ADDRESS: (Street. City; State. Zip) ARRESTEE #1 ,(Last, First, Middle) I AGE SEX: RACE, W 0 WHITE DOe, ARRESTEE ETHNICITY> RESIDENT STATUS: B o BLACK RESIDENT MQMALE HO HISPANIC RO , DINDIAN NO NONRESIDENT o FEMALE N 0 NON-HISPANIC • A o ASIAN u 0 UNKNOWN uO UNKNOWN I·1 uO UNKNOWN :,~ ARRESTEE WAS ARMED WITH (Check Up ToTwo) TYPE OF ARREST: DISPOSITION OF ARRESTEE UNDER 16: (Enter A In Box IIAutomatic) "0 UNARMED 140 SHOTGUN 00 ON-VIEW HO HANDLED WITHIN DEPARTMENT 110 FIREARM 150 OTHER FIREARM SUMMONED! CnED (type nOl stated) '"0 LETHAL CUnlNG INSTRUMENT '0 120 HANDGUN (e.g. Switchblade Knife, etc.) RO REFERRED TO OTHER 130 RIFLE 170 CLUa! BLACKJACK! BRASS KNUCKLES '0 TAKEN INTO CUSTODY AUTHORITY HEIGHT: --- WEIGHT: EVES' IHAIR: IARREST NUMBER, ARREST DATE: UCR ARREST OFFENSE CODE: --teet inches RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS I(J) NAME: (Last, First, Middle) ADDRESS: (Street. City, State. Zip) PHONE, (J) PHONE, W Z " ~ " W > ~ a: a: « Z o continued on supplement

8 NOTE: The purpose of reporting UCR data is enforcementservicesfor anincorporatedcity, the to depict the nature and volume of crime in a sheriff or state police will continue to report inci­ particular community, not to claim or take dents occurring within the boundaries of these "credit" for the numberof investigations, arrests, cities. These reports should reflect the geographic etc., or to serve as' a measurement of workload. location of where the incident occurred by use of Crime in the United States and other UCR publi­ the city's ORI Number or other designated iden­ cations do not articulatewho reported the crime, tifier. (See page 33.) In some localities, the sheriff, nor do they show who is investigating the crime. state police, or a Federal law enforcement agency They simply depict what crimes have occurred willassist a local police department in the investi­ and where. The jurisdictional guidelines, there­ gation of crimes committed within the limits ofthe fore, provide for "most local" reporting, i.e., city. Even though this is the case, the city police whenever possible, the local law enforcement department willreport the offenses, unless, again, agencyof the geographical area inwhich the crime there is a written or oral agreement specifying occurred reports the offense. otherwise.

Cities having their own police departments as a REFERRALS FROM OTHER AGENCIES rule report their own crime data. However, crime If the investigation of a Group A offense is data for smaller locales may be combined with referredto anotherlocal, state, or Federal agency those for larger agencies, e.g.,sheriffs' offices and after the submission of data concerning it to UCR, state police. This practice most often occurs in the original reporting agency must delete its re­ rural Or unincorporated placesemploying consta­ port. The agency receiving the referral wouldthen bles, town marshals, or other officers who infre­ report the offense as if it were an original submis­ quently report offenses. In cases where the county sion. sheriff or state police has a contract to provide law

9 Chapter 2

GROUP A OFFENSES

The UCR Program collects and reports crime State statute definitions may cross the NIBRS incident data for the Nation,states, counties, and definitions andvice versa.In these cases, the non­ cities through NIBRS. Essential to the mainte­ conforming offenses should be reported accord­ nance of uniform and consistent data is the utili­ ing to their NIBRS offense classifications. For zation of standard definitions of the offenses used. example, some states have "larceny" statutes The standard NIBRS definitions for Group A which are so broadly worded they include the offenses are set forth andexplained on the follow­ crime of embezzlement. If an embezzlement, as mg pages. defined in NIBRS, is perpetrated within such a The definitions.which were developed for state, it should be reported to the FBI as Embez­ NIBRS are not meant to be used for charging zlement, not Larceny/Theft, even though the of­ persons with crimes. To the contrary, they are fender is charged locally with larceny. meant to be "receptacles" or "pigeonholes" for reporting crimes that are committed throughout NIBRS GROUP A OFFENSE DEFINITIONS the United States. The purpose for UCR, as de­ veloped bylaw enforcement, is to provide a "com­ 1. Arson mon denominator" language which transcends varying local and state laws. State statutes and Definition-To unlawfully and intentionally local ordinances must be very specific in defming damage, or attempt to damage, any real or per­ crimes so that persons facing prosecution will sonal property by fire or incendiary device. know the exact charges being placedagainst them. On the other hand, the definitions used in NIBRS Only fires determined through investigation to are generic in order not to exclude varying state have been unlawfully and intentionally set are to and Federal statutes relating to the same type of be classified as Arson. Attempts to burn should be crime. included, butfires of suspicious or unknown origin Accordingly, the offense definitions in NIBRS should not be reported. One incident should be arebased on the common-lawdefinitionsfoundin scored for each distinct arson operation originat­ Black's Law Dictionary,as well as those used in the ing within the reporting jurisdiction.Ifan arson is Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook and the perpetrated in one locale and spreads to another, NCIC Uniform Offense Classifications. Since It would be reported by the jurisdiction in which moststatestatutesare also based on the common­ the fire originated. law definitions, even though they may vary as to Incidents in which persons are killed as a direct specifics, most should fit into the corresponding result of arson involve both homicide and arson. NIBRS offense classifications. Similarly, the numberof persons injured during an arson should be reported as assaulted along with the arson. Arson-related deaths and injuries of

11 police officers and firefighters, unless willful B. Simple Assault murders or assaults, are excluded from the Pro­ gram due to the hazardous nature of these profes­ Definition - An unlawful physical attack by one sions. person upon another where neither the offender displays a weapon, nor the victim suffers obvious 2. Assault Offenses severe or aggravated bodily injury involving ap­ parent broken bones, loss ofteeth, possible inter­ Definition-An unlawful attack by one person nal injury, severe Iacerat ion; or loss of upon another. consciousness.

A. Aggravated Assault Included are offenses such as minor assault, hazing, assault and battery, and injury caused by Definition - An unlawful attack by one person culpable negligence. As with Aggravated Assault, upon anotherwhereinthe offender uses a weapon there are no attempted Simple Assaults. ordisplays it ina threatening manner, or thevictim suffers obvious severe or aggravated bodily injury C. Intimidation involving apparent broken bones, loss of teeth, possible internal injury; severe laceration, or Joss Definition - To unlawfully place another of consciousness. person in reasonable fear of bodily harm through the use of threatening words and/or other con­ For purposes of Aggravated Assault reporting, duct, but without displaying a weapon or subject­ a "weapon" isa commonlyknown weapon (a gun, ing the victim to actual physical attack. knife, club, etc.) or any other item which, although not usually thought of as a weapon, becomes one Intimidation involves an offender making some when used ina manner that could cause the types type of threat to the victim without actually using of severe bodily injury described in the above or displaying a weapon. Such threats can be made definition. A "severe laceration" is one which in person, over the telephone, or in writing. should receive medical attention. A "loss of con­ sciousness" must be the direct result of force in­ AN AID IN CLASSIFYING ASSAULTS flicted on the victim by the offender. Careful consideration of the following factors Aggravated Assault includes: assaults or at­ should assist in classifying assaults: tempts to kill or murder; poisoning;assaultwitha dangerous or deadly weapon; maiming, mayhem, 1. The type of weapon employed or the use of an assault with explosives; and assault with disease object as a weapon; (as in cases when the offenderis aware that he/she 2. The seriousness of the injury; is infected with a deadly disease and deliberately 3. The intent and capability of the assailant to attempts to inflict the disease by biting, spitting, cause serious injury. etc.). All assaults byone person upon another with the intent to kill, maim, or inflict severe bodily Usually, the weapons used or the extent of the injury with the use of artydangerous weapon are injury sustained will be the deciding factors in classified as Aggravated Assault. It is not neces­ distinguishing aggravated from simple assault. In sary that injury result from an aggravated assault only a very limited number of instances should it when a gun, knife, or other weapon is used which be necessary to examine the intent and capability could cause serious personal injury. Bydefinition, of the assailant. there can be no attempted assaults. Prosecutive policy in a jurisdiction should not On .occasion, it is the practice to charge influence classification or reporting of law en­ assailants in assault cases with assault and battery forcement offense data. It is necessary that as­ or simpleassault even though a knife, gun, or other saults in each jurisdiction be examined and weapon was used in the incident. For UCR pur­ classified according to the standard UCR defini­ poses, this type of assault is to be classified as tions, regardless of whether they are termed felo­ aggravated. nies by local definitions.

12 3. Bribery Any housetrailer or other mobile unit that is permanentlyfixed as an office,residence, or store­ Definition - The offering, giving, receiving, or house should also be considered a structure. soliciting of any thing of value (i.e. a bribe, gratu­ Whenevera question arises as to whether a type ity, or kickback) to swaythe judgment or action of of structure comes within the purview of the bur­ a person in a position of trust or influence. glary definition, the law enforcement officer should look to the nature of the crime and be This offense excludes sports bribery, i.e., guided by the examples set forth. If a question changing the outcome of a sporting contest or remains, contact the FBI's VCR Section. The event, which is covered in the offenses dealing illegal entry of a tent, tent trailer, motorhome, with gambling. housetrailer, or any other mobile unit that is being The phrase, "The offering, giving, receiving, or used for recreational purposes, followed by a soliciting of any thing of value...," includes such theft, felony, or attempt to commit a felony or things as gratuities, kickbacks, favors, or anything theft, should NOTbe classified as burglary, but as else used illegally to influence the outcome of larceny. something that is governed by law, fair play, con­ Burglaries of hotels, motels, lodging houses, or tractual agreement, or any other guideline. The other places where lodging of transients is the bribewould bring theoutcome of aneventoutside main purpose or burglaries of temporary rental any realm of reasonableness, the result of which storage facilities, i.e., "mini-storage" and "self­ could be predicted based on the offering or influ­ storage"buildings, can pose reporting questions. ence given to the person(s) in a position to render If a number of units under a single manager are decisions. burglarized and the offenses are most likely to be reported to the police by the manager rather than 4. Burglary/Breaking and Entering the individual tenants/renters, the burglaryshould be reported as a single incident. Examples are Definition - The unlawful entry into a building burglaries of a number of rental hotel rooms, or other structure with the intent to commit a rooms in "flop" houses, rooms in a youth hostel, felony or a theft. unitsina motel, andstorage units ina commercial For VCR purposes, offenses locally known as self-storage building. Ifthe individual livingareas burglary (any degree); unlawful entry with intent in a building are rented or leased to the occupants to commit a larceny or felony; breaking and enter­ for a period of time, which would preclude the ing with intent to commit a larceny; housebreak­ tenancy from being classified as transient, then the ing; and safecracking should be classified as burglaries would most likely be reported sepa­ burglary. Burglary almost always includes some rately bythe occupants. Such burglaries should be type of larceny offense. Because, however, bur­ reported as separate incidents. Examples of this glary is defined in terms oftheft, only the burglary latter type of multiple burglary would be the bur­ is to be reported, not the accompanying larceny. glaries of a number of apartments in an apartment In the VCR standard definition of burglary, a house, of the offices of a number of commercial "structure" is considered' to include, but not be firms in a business building, of the offices of sep­ limited to, the following: arate professionals within one building, or of a number of rooms in a college dormitory. Apartment Office Barn Other Building NOTE: Remember that offenses should be Cabin Outbuilding classified according to NIBRS definitions and not Church Public Building according to state, local, or Federal codes. Some Condominium Railroad Car jurisdictions might, for example, categorize a Dwelling House Room shoplifting or a theft from an automobile as bur­ Factory School glary. These offenses are not classified as bur­ Garage Stable glaries in VCR and must he considered larcenies Housetrai1er or Houseboat Vessel (Ship) for reporting purposes. Thefts from automobiles (used as permanent dwelling) Warehouse Mill (whether locked or not); shoplifting from 13 commercial establishments; and thefts from race, religion, ethnicity, or sexual orientation is to telephone booths, coinboxes, or coin-operated be reported regardless of the amount or type of machines do not involve unlawful entry ofa struc­ damage. (See page 38 for a discussion of "Bias ture; thus, no burglary occurred. Motivation.") Incidental damage resulting from another 5. Counterfeiting/Forgery offense ( e.g., burglary, robbery) is to be reported in this offense category. only if the reporting Definition - The altering, copying, or imitation agency deems the amount of damage to be sub­ of something, without authority or right, with the stantial.For example, "insubstantial" damage, intent to deceive or defraud by passing the copy such as a brokenwindow, forced door, etc., should or thing altered or imitated as that which is origi­ not be reported; but, "substantial" damage, such nalorgenuine; or the seUing, buying,orpossession as where a truck is backed into a storefront to gain of an altered, copied, or imitated thing with the admittance and major structural damage is intent to deceive or defraud. caused, should be reported. For the crime of arson, however, incidental damage resulting from In most states, forgery and counterfeiting are fighting the fire should be included as part of the treated as allied offenses. Included in this cate­ loss caused by burning. The determination of gory are offenses such as altering and forging whether the damage was "substantial"is left to the public and other records; making, altering, forg­ discretion of the reporting law enforcement ing or counterfeiting bills, notes, drafts, tickets, agency and should not require burdensome dam­ checks, credit cards, etc.; forging wills, deeds, age assessments. notes, bonds, seals, trademarks, etc.; counterfeit­ ing coins, plates, banknotes, checks, etc.; possess­ 7. Drug/Narcotic Offenses ing forged or counterfeited instruments; erasures; signing the Dame of another or fictitious person Definition-The violation of laws prohibiting with intent to defraud; usingforged labels; posses­ the production, distribution, and/or use ofcertain sion, manufacture, erc., of counterfeiting appara­ controlled substances and the equipment or de­ tus; and selling goods with altered, forged, or vices utilized in their preparation and/or use. counterfeited trademarks. Although Counterfeit­ ing/Forgery offenses can involve elements of A. Drug/Narcotic Violations fraud, they are treated separately due to their uniquenature. Definition - The unlawful cultivation, manu­ facture, distribution, sale, purchase, use, posses­ 6. Destruction/DamageNandalism sion, transportation, or importation of any of Property controlled drug or narcotic substance.

Definition - To willfully or maliciously destroy, B. Drug Equipment Violations damage, deface, or otherwise injure real or per­ sonal property without the consent of the owner Definition - The unlawful manufacture, sale, or the person having custody or control of it. purchase, possession, or transportation ofequip­ ment or devices utilized in preparing and!or using The offense includes a broad range of injury to drugs or narcotics. property, i.e., from deliberate, extensive destruc­ tion of property at one extreme to mischievous, This offense covers those cases involving drug less extensive damage at the other extreme. It does paraphernalia, equipment, chemicals, illegal labs, not includedestruction or damage. to property etc. Various statutes and/or codes may vary in the caused by arson. As a general rule, the offense is description of equipment or paraphernalia in­ to be reported only if the reporting agency deems volved with drugs/narcotics. Ifany difficulty arises that substantial damage to property has occurred. in determining whether 'or not a particular item, However, any offense suspected to have been mo­ tool, chemical, etc., is applicable to this offense, tivated by the offender's bias against the victim's

14 contact the national Uniform Crime Reporting "intangible." Intangibles are anything which Programfor clarification. cannot be perceived by the sense of touch. They can be benefits, e.g., a rigbt or privilege, a promo­ 8. Embezzlement tion, enhanced reputation, etc.; or a detriment, e.g., loss of reputation, injuredfeelings, etc. Definition - The unlawful misappropriation by The most specific subcategory of fraud should an offender to his/her own use or purpose of be reported whenever the circumstances fit the money, property, or some other thing of value definition of more than one of the subcategories entrusted to his/her care, custody, or control. listed below. For example, most frauds would fit the definition of False Pretenses/Swindle/Confi­ Generally, the victims of embezzlement offenses dence Game. But, if a credit card was used to are businesses, financial institutions, etc. perpetrate the fraud, the offense would be classi­ fied as Credit Card/Automatic Teller Machine 9. Extortion/Blackmail Fraud. The only fraud-related violations that would not Definition- To unlawfully obtain money, be reported under the Fraud Offenses category property, or any other thing of value, either tangi­ are counterfeiting, forgery, and bad checks. These ble or intangible, through the use or threat of offenses are reported under their own specific force, misuse of authority, threatof criminal pros­ offense classifications. ecution, threat of destruction of reputation or When classifying fraud cases otherthan the most social standing, or througb other coercive means. obvious ones, i.e., con-games, swindles, etc., care should be used in applying the facts of the case to Even though persons are involved or victimized the definition of fraud. Often questions arise as to in extortion/blackmail cases, this offense is con­ whether or not the facts of a case describe a fraud sidered a crime against property. Like robbery, or a larceny. Whereas both offenses can involve which is also a crime against property, the object theft, it is the method used to steal that makes the or target of extortion/blackmailis to obtain money difference between the two. Fraud is achieved or property;therefore, it is classified as such. througb deceit or lying, whereas larceny is the Extortions include offenses where threats are physical taking of something. made in non-confrontational circumstances and Examples of common fraud cases are where the victim is not in fear of immediate harm. If something of value, e.g., a VCR or automobile, is during a demand for money, property, etc., there rented for a period of time but is not returned. isa personalconfrontationbetweenthevictim and This offense, conversion of goods lawfully pos­ offender and the threat of force or violence could sessed by bailees, is classified as fraud and not be carried out immediately, the offense should be larceny. Insuch cases; the offenders originally had reported as Robbery. lawful possession of the property (the property was either rented, loaned, or the person was in 10. Fraud Offenses some way entrusted with its possession) and through deceit (they promised to return it) kept Definition - The intentional perversion of the the property. truth for the purpose of inducing another person A common classification problem is the taking orother entityinreliance upon itto partwithsome of gasoline without paying for it. If an offender thing of value or to surrender a legal rigbt. takes gasoline from a self-service gas station with­ out paying for it, the offense is classified as lar­ By definition, fraud involves either the offender ceny.Inthiscase, no contractwas entered intonor receiving a benefit or the victim incurring a detri­ agreement made for payment. This would be the ment. The benefit or detriment could be either same as taking a can of oil off of the station's rack. "tangible" or "intangible." For example, if a per­ However, if a station attendant is asked to fill the son impersonates a doctor to gain entrance to tank, there is a tacit agreement that he will be paid a restricted area of a hospital, the benefit to for the gas, and the offender, never having the the offender (entry to the restricted area) is intention to pay for it in the first place, utilized

15 deception and stole the gas. This, then, is 11. Gambling Offenses classified as a fraud. Definition - To unlawfully bet or wager money A. False Pretenses/Swindle/ or something else of value; assist; promote, or Confidence Game operateagameof chanceformoneyor some other stake; possess or transmit wageringinformation; Definition - The intentional misrepresentation manufacture, sell, purchase,possess, or transport of existing fact or condition, or the use of some gambling equipment, devices, or goods; or tamper other deceptive scheme or device, to obtain with the outcome of a sporting event or contest to money, goods, or other things of value. gain a gambling advantage.

B. Credit Card/Automatic Teller A. Betting/Wagering Machine Fraud Definition-To unlawfully stake money or Definition - The unlawful use of a credit (or something else of value on the happening of an debit) card or automatic teller machine for fraud­ uncertain event or on the ascertainment of a fact ulent purposes. in dispute.

This offense does not apply to the theft of a B. Operating/Promoting/Assisting credit/debit card but rather its fraudulent use. Gambling

C. Impersonation Definition - To unlawfully operate, promote, or assist in the operation of a game of chance; Definilion-Falsely representing one's identity lottery, or other gambling activity. or position, and acting in the character or position thus unlawfully assumed, to deceive others and C. Gambling Equipment Violations thereby gain a profit or advantage, enjoy some right or privilege, or subject another person or Definition-To unlawfully manufacture, sell, entity to an expense, charge, or liability which buy, possess, or transport equipment, devices, would not have otherwise been incurred. and/or goods used for gambling purposes.

D. Welfare Fraud Such equipment is also known as "gambling paraphernalia." Definition - The use of deceitful statements, practices, or devices to unlawfully obtain welfare D. Sports Tampering benefits. Definition-To unlawfully alter, meddle in, or E. Wire Fraud otherwise interfere with a sporting contest or event for the purpose of gaining a gambling advan­ Definition - The use of an electricor electronic tage. communications facility to intentionally transmit a false and/or deceptive message in furtherance of This offense includes engaging in bribery for a fraudulent activity. gambling purposes. For example, if a jockey was bribed to lose a horse race, it would be reported "This classification applies to those cases where as Sports Tampering, not Bribery. telephone, teletype, micro-relay facilities, etc., are used in the commissionor furtherance of a fraud. NOTE: While explicit definitions are provided for most Group A crimes, some, such as Gambling Offenses, depend on the violation oflocallyestab­ lished statutes.

16 12. Homicide Offenses affect the reporting of offenses in this category; these are law enforcement statistics. Definition - The killing of one human being by another. C. Justifiable Homicide

A. Murder and Nonnegligent Definition- The killing of a perpetrator of a Manslaughter serious criminal offense by a peace officer in the line of duty; or the killing, during the commission Definition-The willful (nonnegligent) killing of a serious criminal offense, of the perpetrator by of one human being by another. a private individual.

As a general rule, any death due to injuries Justifiable homicide is not an actual "offense" received in a fight, argument, quarrel, assault, or and is not included in an agency's crime counts. A commissionof a crime isclassifiedin thiscategory. "serious criminal offense" is a felony or high mis­ Although offenders may be charged with lesser demeanor. Do not count a killing as justifiable or offenses, e.g., manslaughter, if the killing was excusable solely on the basis of self-defense or the "willful" or intentional it must be reported as action of a coroner, prosecutor, grand jury, or Murder and Nonnegligent Manslaughter. The court. The willful killing of one individual by an­ findings of a court, coroner's inquest, etc., do not other is being reported, not the criminal liability affect the reporting of offenses in this category; of the person or persons involved. For VCR pur­ these are law enforcement statistics. poses, crime determinations and counts are based Suicides, accidental deaths, assaults to murder, on law enforcement investigations. traffic fatalities, and attempted murders are not In the original or summary VCR system, classified as Murder and NonnegligentMan­ justifiable homicides were reported as murders slaughter. Situations where a victim dies of a heart and then unfounded. In NIBRS, since the offenses attack as a result of a robberyorwitnessing a crime are recordedas justifiable homicides initially, they likewise do not meet the criteria for inclusion in should not be unfounded. They will be tallied this classification. A heart attack cannot, in fact, separately and maintained apart from the murder be caused at will by an offender. Even in instances counts; where an individual is known to have a weak heart, Justifiable homicide, by definition, often occurs there is no assurance that an offender can cause in conjunction with other offenses. The crime that sufficient emotional or physical stress to guaran­ was being committed when the justifiable homi­ tee the victim will suffer a fatal heart attack. Sui­ cide took place must be reported as a separate cides, traffic fatalities, and fetal deaths are totally incident. These guidelines are based on the defi­ excluded from the VCR Program, while some nition of an incident (see page ~ which requires accidental deaths are counted as Negligent Man­ that all of the offenders "act in concert." Itcannot slaughter. Assaults to murder and attempted mur­ be said that the criminal killed justifiably acted in ders are classified as Aggravated Assaults. concert with the police officer or civilian who killed him; nor that the police officer or civilian B. Negligent Manslaughter who killed the criminal acted in concert with the criminal in committing the offense that gave rise Definition-The killing of another person to the justifiable homicide. Therefore, justifiable through negligence. homicide cases involve two criminal incidents rather than one. Included in this offense are killings resulting lf the "justified" killer (officer or civilian) from hunting accidents, gun cleaning, children committed another offense in connection with the playing with guns, etc. Not included are deaths of justifiable homicide (e.g., illegal possession of the persons due to their own negligence; accidental gun he/she used) that offense would constitute a deaths not resulting from gross negligence; and third incident. accidental traffic fatalities. Again, the subsequent findings of a court, coroner's inquest, etc.) do not

17 13. Kidnaping/Abduction and usually occurs in a crowd, public conveyance, or other similar situation to disguise the activity. Definition - The unlawful seizure, transpor­ Theft from a person in an unconscious state, in­ tation, and/or detention of a person against cluding drunks, should also be classified as his/her will, or of a minor without the consent of Pocket-picking. However, if the victim is manhan­ his/her custodial parentfs) or legal guardian. dled or force beyond simple jostling is used to overcome the resistance of the victim, the offense This offense includes not only kidnaping and becomes strong-arm robbery. abduction, but hostage situations as well. Al­ though the object of a kidnaping may be to obtain B. purse-snatching money or property, this category is intended to capture information only on the persons actually Definition - The grabbing or snatching of a kidnaped or abducted, not those persons or or­ purse, handbag, etc., from the physical possession ganizations paying ransoms. Therefore, for each of another person. kidnaping incident, report as victims only those persons taken or detained against their will. If more force is used than is actually necessary to snatch the purse from the grasp of the person, 14. Larceny/Theft Offenses or if the victim resists the theft in any way, then robbery has occurred.Also, cases in which a purse Definition - The unlawful taking, carrying, or some other item of value is left unattended and leading, or riding away of property from the pos­ is stolen should not be classified as a Purse­ session, or constructive possession, of another snatching. This offense would be properly classi­ person. fied as a theft from a building, from a motor vehicle, or other appropriate larceny category. Larceny and theft mean the same thing in VCR. Motor vehicle theft is not included and is counted C. Shoplifting separately because of the great volume of such thefts. Local offense classifications such as "grand Definition - The theft, by someone other than theft," "petty larceny," "felony larceny," or "mis­ an employee of the victim, of goods or merchan­ demeanor larceny" have no bearing on the fact dise exposed for sale. that each distinct operation of larceny is reported as one offenseforVCR purposes. Also, all larceny This violation assumes that the offender had offenses are reported regardless of the value of the legal access to the premises, and thus, no trespass property stolen. or unlawful entry was involved. This offense in­ Do not classify embezzlement; fraudulent cludes thefts of merchandise displayed as part of conversion of entrusted property; conversion of the stock in trade outside buildings, such as de­ goods lawfully possessed by bailees; counterfeit­ partment stores, hardware stores, supermarkets, ing; obtaining money by false pretenses; larceny fruit stands, gas stations, etc. by check; larceny by bailee; and check fraud as larceny offenses. Each of the aforementioned D. Theft From Building crimes falls within other offense categories. Definition-A theft from within a building A. Pocket-picking which is either open to the general public or where the offender has legal access. Definition- The theft of articles from another person's physical possession by stealth where the Do not include shoplifting and thefts from coin­ victim usually does not become immediately operated devices or machines within open build­ aware of the theft. ings; these are other specific larceny types. Thefts from buildings include those from such places as This type of theft includes removal of such items churches, restaurants, schools, libraries, public as wallets from women's purses and men's pockets buildings, and other public and professional

18 offices during the hours when such facilities are than the vehicle, two offenses can be reported, the open to the public. vehicle theft and the theft from the vehicle. For A theft from a structure, accompanied by a example, if an automobile with a coat in the back breaking or unlawful entry (trespass) without seat is stolen, the offense would be reported as breaking, should be reported as burglary and not Motor Vehicle Theft and the coat accounted for larceny. as property stolen in connection with the automo­ bile theft. The theft of a tractor-trailer (truck) E. Theft From Coin-Operated Machine containing ashipment of televisions can,however, or Device be reported as two offenses if in the judgment of the reporting agency the real object of the theft Definition - A theft from a machine or device was the televisions, e.g., the truck is found aban­ which is operated or activated by the use of coins. doned and empty not far from the scene of the theft. Some examples of such machines are candy, In larceny situations where both motor vehicle cigarette, and fnod vending machines; telephone parts and accessories and articles from the motor coinboxes; parking meters; pinball machines; or vehicle are stolen, report the offense resulting in washers and dryers located in laundromats where the greatest value of property loss. Report all of no breaking or illegal entry of the building is in­ the property stolen. volved. Ifa building was broken into or illegally entered G. Theft of Motor Vehicle Parts and a coin-operated machine in the building was or Accessories rifled for money and/or merchandise, the matter would be classified as burglary. Definition - The theft of any part or accessory affixed to the interior or exterior of a motor vehi­ F. Theft From Motor Vehicle cle in a manner which would make the item an attachment of the vehicle or necessary for its op­ Definition - The theft of articles from a motor eration. vehicle, whether locked or unlocked. Thefts ofmotors, transmissions, radios, heaters, This type of larceny includes thefts from hubcaps and wheel covers, manufacturers' em­ automobiles, trucks, truck trailers, buses, motor­ blems, license plates, radio antennas, side-view cycles, motor homes, or other recreational vehi­ mirrors, gasoline, tape decks, CB radios, radar cles. It also includes thefts from any area in the detectors, etc., are included in this larceny type. If automobile or other vehicle, e.g., the trunk, glove items being transported in the vehicle are stolen, compartment, or other enclosure. Some of the the offense should be classified as Theft From items stolen in this type of theft are cameras, Motor Vehicle. suitcases, wearing apparel, packages, etc., which are not an integral part of the vehicle. Do not H. All Other Larceny include items that are automobile accessories, as they fall under Theft of Motor Vehicle Parts or Definition - All thefts which do not fit any of the Accessories. definitions of the specific subcategories of Lar­ Certain statestatutes might interpretthefts from ceny/Theft listed above. motor vehicles as burglaries. For VCR purposes, these thefts must be classified as larcenies. This offense includes thefts from fenced If a theft from a motor vehicle occurs in enclosures. Thefts of bicycles, boats, bulldozers, conjunction with a motor vehicle theft, the inci­ airplanes, animals, lawn mowers, lawn furniture, dent willmost often be reported as a motorvehicle handtools, and farm and construction equipment theft with the stolen property recorded within the are also included where no breaking or entering appropriate property-type categories. If, how­ of a structure is involved. ever, the reporting jurisdiction determines that Additionally, the illegal entry of a tent, tent the real object of the theft was the contents, rather trailer, or travel trailer used for recreational 19 purposes, followed by a theft or attempted theft, 17. Prostitution Offenses should be counted as All Other Larceny. Yet another example is the taking of gasoline from a Definition- To unlawfully engage in or self-service gas station and leaving without paying. promote sexual activities for profit.

15. Motor Vehicle Theft A. Prostitution

Definition- The theft of a motor vehicle. Definition-To unlawfully engage in sexual relations for profit. A "motor vehicle" is defined for VCR purposes as a self-propelled vehicle that runs on land sur­ This offense includes prostitution by both males face and not on rails and which fits one of the and females. following property descriptions: B. Assisting or Promoting Prostitution Automobiles - sedans, coupes, station wagons, convertibles, taxicabs, or other similar motor ve­ Definition - To solicit customers or transport hicles which serve the primary purpose of trans­ persons for prostitution purposes; to own, man­ porting people. age, or operate a dwelling or other establishment Bnses • motor vehicles which are specifically for the purpose of providing a place where pros­ designed (but not necessarily used) to transport titution is performed; or to otherwise assist or groups of people on a commercial basis. promote prostitution. Recreational Vehicles > motor vehicles which are specifically designed (but not necessarily 18. Robbery used) to transport people and also provide them temporary lodging for recreational purposes. Definition- The taking, or attempting to take, Trucks « motor vehicles which are specifically anything of value under confrontational circum­ designed (but not necessarily used) to transport stances from the control, custody, or care of an­ cargo on a commercial basis. other person by force or threat of force or violence Other Motor Vehicles • any other motor and/or by putting the victim in fear of immediate vehicles, e.g., motorcycles, motor scooters, trail harm. bikes, mopeds, snowmobiles, golf carts, whose primary purpose is to transport people. Robbery involves the offender taking or Classify as Motor Vehicle Theft all cases where attempting to take something of value from a vic­ automobiles are taken by persons not having law­ tim, aggravated by the element of force or threat ful access even though the vehicles are later aban­ of force. The victim, who usually is the owner or doned. Include joyriding. person having custody of the property, is directly Do not include the taking of a vehicle for confronted by the perpetrator and is threatened temporary use when prior authority has been with force or is put in fear that force will be used. granted or can be assumed, such as in family If there is no direct confrontation and the victim situations; or unauthorized use by chauffeurs and is not in fear of immediate harm, an extortion others having lawful access to the vehicle. Other should be reported. In pocket-pickings or purse­ GroupA offenses may, however, have occurredin snatchings, direct confrontation does occur, but these situations. For example, ifa chauffeur steals force or threat of force is absent. However, if a car entrusted to his care, an Embezzlement during a purse-snatching or other such _crime, should be reported. force or threat of force is used to overcome the active resistance of the victim, the offense is to be 16. Pornography/Obscene Material classified as robbery. Cases involving pretended weapons or where Definition - The violation oflaws or ordinances the weapon is not seen bythe victim butthe robber prohibiting the manufacture, publishing, sale, claims to possess one are also classified as Rob­ purchase, or possession of sexually explicit mate­ bery and the alleged weapon reported. If an rial, e.g., literature, photographs, etc. 20 immediate "on-view" arrest proves that there was consent, the crime should be classified as no weapon, the offense is classified as Robbery, Statutory Rape. The ability of the victim to give but the weapon is reported as "None:' consent must be a professional determination by Because some type of assault is an element of the the lawenforcement agency.The age of the victim, crime of robbery, an assault should not be re­ of course, plays a critical role in this determina­ ported as a separate crime as long as it was per­ tion. Individuals do not mature mentally at the formed in furtherance of the robbery. However, if same rate. Certainly, no 4-year-old is capable of the injury results in death, a homicide offense consenting, whereas victims aged 10 or 12 may must also be reported. need to be assessed within the specific circum­ In any instance of robbery, report one offense stances. for each distinct operation. As in the case of other crimes against property, only one offense is re­ B. Forcible Sodomy ported regardless of the number of victims in­ volved. The victims of a robbery include not only Definition- Oral or anal sexual intercourse those persons and other entities (businesses, fi­ with another person, forcibly and/or against that nancial institutions, etc.) from whom propertywas person's will; or not forcibly or against the taken, but also those persons toward whom the person's will where the victim is incapable of giv­ robberts) directed force or threat offorce in per­ ing consent because of his/her youth or because of petrating the offense. Therefore, although the pri­ his/her temporary or permanent mental or physi­ mary victim in a bank robbery would be the bank, cal incapacity. the teller toward whom the robber pointed a gun and made a demand should also be reported as a If a victim is both raped and sodomized in one victim, as well as any other person upon whom an incident, then both offenses should be reported. assault was committed during the course of the robbery. C. Sexual Assault With An Object

19. Sex Offenses, Forcible Definition-To use an object or instrument to unlawfullypenetrate, however slightly,the genital Definition - Any sexual act directed against or anal opening of the body of another person, another person, forcibly and/or against that forcibly and/or against that person's will; or not person's will; or not forcibly or against the forcibly or against the person's will where the person's will where the victim is incapable of giv­ victim is incapable of giving consent because of ing consent. his/her youth or because of his/her temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity. A. Forcible Rape An "object" or "instrument" is anything used by Definition- The carnal knowledge of a person, the offender other than the offender's genitalia. forcibly and/or against that person's will; or not Examples are a finger, bottle, handgun, stick, etc. forcibly or against the person's will where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of D. Forcible Fondling his/her temporary or permanent mental or physi­ cal incapacity (or because of his/her youth). Definition- The touching of the private body parts of another person for the purpose of sexual This offense includes the forcible rape of both gratification, forcibly and/or against that person's males and females. In cases where several offend­ will; or, not forcibly or against the person's will 'ers rape one person, report one Forcible Rape. where the victim is incapable of giving consent Do not count the number of offenders. because of his/her youth or because of his/her Ifforce was used or threatened, the crime should temporary or permanent mental incapacity. be classified as Forcible Rape regardless of the age of the victim. Ifno force or threat of force was Forcible fondling includes "indecent liberties" used and the victim was under the statutory age of and "child molesting." Because Forcible Fondling

21 is an element of Forcible Rape, Forcible Sodomy, permanent, the offense should be classified as and Sexual Assault With An Object, it should be Forcible Rape, not Statutory Rape. reported only if it is the sole forcible sex offense committed against a victim. 21. Stolen Property Offenses

20. Sex Offenses, Nonforcible Definition- Receiving, buying, selling, pos­ sessing, concealing, or transporting any property Definition- Unlawful, nonforcible sexual with the knowledge that it has been unlawfully intercourse. taken, as by burglary, embezzlement, fraud, lar­ ceny, robbery, etc. A. Incest 22. Weapon Law Violations Definition- Nonforcible sexual intercourse between persons who are related to each other Definition- The violation oflaws or ordinances within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, bylaw. transportation, possession, concealment, oruse of firearms, cuttinginstruments, explosives, incendi­ B. Statutory Rape ary devices, or other deadly weapons.

Definition- Nooforcible sexual intercourse Include violationssuch as the manufacture,sale, with a person who is under the statutory age of or possession of deadly weapons; carrying deadly consent. weapons, concealed oropenly;using,manufactur­ ing, etc., silencers; andfurnishing deadly weapons Ifforce was used or threatened or the victimwas to minors. incapable of giving consent because of his/her youth or mental impairment,either temporary or

22 Chapter 3

GROUP B OFFENSES

There are 11 Group B offense categories and 3. Disorderly Conduct they encompass all of the crimes which are not Definition - Any behavior that tends to disturb Group A offenses, with the exception of most the public peace or decorum.,scandalize the com­ traffic offenses. Only arrestee data (or Group B munity, or shock the public sense of morality. Arrest Reports) are reportedfor Group B crimes. See Chapter 10 for reporting requirements for This offense includes affray,breachofthe peace, Group B crimes. . blasphemy, profanity, obscene language, disturb­ ing the peace, and public nuisance. NIBRS GROUP B OFFENSE DEFINITIONS 4. Driving Under the Influence 1. Bad Checks Definition - Driving or operating a motor Definition - Knowingly and intentionally vehicle or common carrier while mentally or phys­ icallyimpaired as the result of consuming an alco­ writing and/or negotiating checks drawn against insufficient or nonexistentfunds. holic beverage or using a drug or narcotic. This offense includes driving while intoxicated This offense includes fraudulent checks and and operating a bus, train, streetcar, boat, etc., insufficient funds checks but not counterfeited while under the influence. checks or forged checks. 5. Drunkenness 2. Curiew/LoiteringNagrancy Definition - To drink alcoholic beverages to the Violations extent that one's mental faculties and physical coordination are substantially impaired. Definition - The violation of a court order, regulation, ordinance, or law requiring the with­ Included are drunk and disorderly, common drawal of persons from the streets or other spec­ drunkard, habitual drunkard, and intoxication. ified areas; prohibiting persons from remaining in an area or place in an idle or aimless manner; or 6. Family Offenses, Nonviolent prohibiting persons from going from place to Definition - Unlawful, nonviolent acts by a place without visible means of support. familymember (or legal guardian) which threaten the physical, mental, or economic well-being or Included in this offense are unlawful assembly, morals of another family member and which are begging, and vagabondage. Persons arrested as not classifiable as other offenses, such as Assault, being a suspicious character, suspicious person, Incest, Statutory Rape, etc. etc., are also to be included. 23 This offense includes: abandonment, desertion, should be reported. Include apprehensions for neglect, nonsupport, nonviolent abuse, and non­ protective custody. Detentions (pickups) of run' violent cruelty to other family members. It also aways from one jurisdiction by another agency includes the nonpayment of court-ordered ali­ should be reported by the home jurisdiction. mony, as long as it is not considered to be "Con­ tempt'of Court" within the reportingjurisdiction. 10. Trespass of Real Property

NOTE: Do not include victimsof these offenses Definition- To unlawfully enter land, a who are taken into custody for their own protec­ dwelling, or other real property. tion. All burglary offenses include the element of 7. Liquor Law Violations trespass. Trespass, however, involves entry with no intent to commit a felony or theft. Definition - The violation oflaws or ordinances prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, 11. All Other Offenses transportation, possession, or use of alcoholic beverages. Definition - All crimes which are not Group A offensesand not included in one ofthe specifically Driving Under the Influence and Drunkenness named Group B crime categories listed above. violations are excluded. Included are violations of laws/ordinances prohibiting the maintenance of Offenses of General Applicability (i.e., any unlawful drinking places; bootlegging; operating offense prefixed by "Accessory Before/After the a still; furnishing liquor to a minor; using a vehicle Fact," "Aiding and Abetting," "Assault to Com­ for the illegal transportation of liquor; etc. mit," "Conspiracy to Commit," "Facilitation of," "Solicitation to Commit," "Threat to Commit," or 8. Peeping Tom any other prefix identifying it as other than the substantive offense) are included in this category, Definition - To secretly look through a window, if the substantive offense is within Group A. If doorway, keyhole, or other aperture for the pur­ Group B offenses are involved, classify as the pose of voyeurism. substantive offense. Generally, traffic offenses are excluded from 9. Runaway this offense category.The vehicle-related offenses of hit and run (of a person) and vehicular man­ Definition - A person under 18 years of age slaughter are, however, included; but Driving who has left home without the permission of Under the Influence is not as it is a separate his/her parent(s) or legal guardian. Group B offense.

While running away does not constitute a criminal offense, each "handling" of a runaway

24 Chapter 4

NIBRS DATA SUBMISSIONS

NIBRS data submissions address crime Pages 26-27 show the composition ofthe Group incidents and all the elements associated with A Incident Report and the Group B Arrest Re­ them, e.g., offenses, victims, offenders, property port. loss, clearances, and arrestees. The Group A In­ cident Report. as explained in Chapter 1, is used DEFINITION OF "INCIDENT" to report all information about Group A offenses An "incident" is defmed for NIBRS reporting within six categories: administrative, offense, purposes as one or more offenses committed by property, victim, offender, and arrestee. Each of the same offender, or group of offenders acting in these categories is discussed individually in the concert, at the same time and place. following chapters. "Acting in concert" requires that the offenders In most cases, an initial Group A Incident actually commit or assist in the commission of the Report willcontain administrative, offense, prop­ crime(s). The offenders must be aware of, and erty (if applicable), victim, and offender informa­ consent to, the commission of the crime(s); or tion. Details concerning one or more arrestees even if nonconsenting, their actions assist in the may also be included if apprehensions were made commission of the offense(s). This is important by the time the initial report was submitted. How­ because all of the offenders in an incident are ever, in many cases, arrests will be made after the considered to have committed all ofthe offenses initial report and the arrestee information will be in the incident. If one or more of the offenders did submitted as "updates" to the initial report. Ifan not act in concert, then there is more than one arrest involving a Group A offense occurs for a incident involved. crime not previously reported to the VCR Pro­ "Same time and place" means that the time gram (e.g., an "on-view arrest") then, of course, interval between the offenses and the distance all applicable data should be submitted. between the locations where they occurred were Sometimes applications for warrants are made insignificant. Normally, the offenses must have without the police being notified of the details of occurred during an unbroken time duration and the crime,e.g.,"BenchWarrant" situations. Inso­ at the same or adjoining location(s). However, far as possible, when arrests for Group A offenses incidents can also be comprised of offenses which '.' aremadeunderthese circumstances, the informa­ by their nature involve continuing criminal activity tion regarding the offenses should be obtained by the same offender(s) at different times and and reported in Group A Incident Reports. places, as long as the activity is deemed to consti­ The Group B Arrest Report is used to report tute a single criminal transaction. See Example data concerning each arrestee for a Group B of­ (3) on page 28 for an illustration of a "continuing" fense. The report is comprised of selected data offense. which describe the arrestee and the circumstance Because it is not possible to provide instructions of the arrest. which will cover all ofthe possible situations which

25 GROUP A INCIDENT REPORT

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

ORINumber Exceptional Clearances Incident Number Exceptional Clearance Date Incident DateIHour

OFFENSE DATA

UCR Offense Codes Number of Premises Entered Offense Attempted/Completed Method of Entry Offender(s) Suspected of Using Type of Criminal Activity Bias Motivation Type Weapon/Force Involved Location Type

PROPERTY DATA

Type Property Loss/Etc. Number of Recovered Motor Vehicles Property Description Suspected Drug Type Value of Property Estimated Drug Quantity/Type Drug Date Recovered Measurement Number of Stolen Motor Vehicles

VICTIM DATA

Victim Sequence Number Resident Status of Victim Victim Connected to UCR Offense Aggravated AssaultlHomicide Code(s) Circumstances Type of Victim Additional Justifiable Homicide Age of Victim Circumstances Race of Victim Type of Injury Ethnicity of Victim Offender Number(s) To Be Related Type ofInjury Relationship of Victim to Offender Relationship of Victim to Offender

OFFENDER DATA

Offender (Sequence) Number Sex of Offender Age of Offender Race of Offender

ARRESTEE DATA

Arrestee (Sequence) Number Arrestee Was Armed With Arrest (Transaction) Number Age of Arrestee Arrest Date Sex of Arrestee Type of Arrest Race of Arrestee Multiple Arrestee Segments Indicator Ethnicity of Arrestee Arrest Offense Code Resident Status of Arrestee Disposition of Arrestee Under 18 26 GROUP B ARREST REPORT

ORINumber Arrestee (Sequence) Number Arrest (Transaction) Number Arrest Date Type of Arrest Arrest Offense Code Arrestee Was Armed With Age of Arrestee Sex of Arrestee Race of Arrestee Ethnicity of Arrestee Resident Status of Arrestee Disposition of Arrestee Under 18

27 might occur, in some cases the reporting agency (GroupA) while others are not (GroupB). Group will have to use its best judgment in determining B offenses are discussed in Chapter3 ofthis hand­ how many incidents were involved. book. Each of the Group A offenses included in Example (1): Two offenders robbed a bar. The NIBRS was selected based on the following cri­ bartender was forced at gunpoint to surrender teria: (1) The seriousness or significance of the money from the cash register. The robbers also offense; (2) the frequency or volume of its occur­ took money and jewelry from three custom­ rence; (3) how widespread the offense occurs in ers. One of the robbers, in searching for more the United States; (4) whether the offense will customers to rob, found a female customer in the come to the attention of law enforcement; (5) rest room and raped her there outside of the view whether law enforcement is the best channel for of the other offender. When the rapist returned, collecting data on the offense; (6) the burden both robbers left. There were two incidents, one placed on law enforcement; (7) the national sta­ , involving robbery and the other involving forcible tistical validity and usefulness of the collected rape, because the offenders weren't "acting in data; (8) as the sole collector of criminal incident concert" in both offenses. information, the national VCR Program's respon­ sibility to make crime data available not only to Example (2): Same situation as Example (1), law enforcement, but to others having a legitimate except that the rape occurred in the bar and the interest in it. The goal is to harness information other offender told the rapist to stop and only rob currently in law enforcement records, not to re­ the victim. There was only one incident with two quire the collection of additional information. offenses, i.e., robbery and forcible rape. Although When classifying an offense, it should first be the other robber did not consent to the rape, by determined if it is a Group A or Group B offense displaying a gun he prevented someone coming to and then into which categoryit wouldbe included. the victim's assistance and thereby assisted in the The definitions and explanations in Chapters 2 commission of the crime. and 3 will aid in the classifying of these offenses, as will the Offense Lookup Table in this book's Example (3): Over a period of 18 months, a Appendix. Unusual situations will arise in this computer programmer working for a bank manip­ effort, and not all can be covered in this handbook. ulated the bank's computer and systematically In classifying the unusual situations, the nature of embezzled $70,000. The continuing criminal ac­ the crime should be considered along with the tivity constituted a single "incident" involving the guidelines provided. If assistance is needed, cor­ crime of embezzlement. respond with the VCR Program, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, D.C. 20535 or con­ CLASSIFYING OFFENSES tact the VCR staffby telephone at (202) 324-5038 In the reporting of data to a state or the national or (202) 324-2614. VCR Program, it is first necessary to classify ap­ propriate offenses within an incident into the LAWENFORCEMENT SHOULD CLASSIFY Group A or Group B offense categories as de­ AND REPORT OFFENSES AFTER PRELIMI­ lined by NIBRS. This practice ensures that of­ NARY CONFIRMATION OF A CALL FOR fenses with different titles under state and local SERVICE OR A COMPLAINT ESTABLISHES law or United States Titles and Statutes are con­ THATA CRIME WAS, INFACT, COMMITTED. sidered and appropriately counted in VCR. All OFFENSES KNOWN TO LAW ENFORCE­ criminal offenses of law will be classified as either MENT ARE TO BE RECORDED, NOT FIND­ Group A or Group B in NIBRS. Both incidents INGS OF A COURT, CORONER, JURY, OR and arrests are to be reported for Group A of­ DECISION OF A PROSECUTOR SINCE fenses, while only arrests are reported for Group CRIME STATISTICS GENERATED FROM B offenses. The difference in treatment recog­ NIBRS ARE INTENDED TO ASSISTINIDEN­ nizes the inherent qualities of offenses which dic­ TIFYING LAWENFORCEMENTPROBLEMS. tate that some are appropriate indicators of dimensions or trends in crime on a national scale

28 CRIMESAGAINST vehicle); and one offense is counted for each PERSONS/PROPERTY/SOCIETY "Crime AgainstSociety." NIBRS offenses are divided into three Listings of the Group A and Group B offenses, categories: "Crimes Against Persons," "Crimes along with whether they are "Crimes Against Per­ Against Property," or "Crimes Against Society." sons, Property, or Society," appear on pages 30w "CrimesAgainst Persons" arethosewhosevictims 32. are always "Individuals," e.g., murder, forcible rape, assault. The object of "CrimesAgainst Prop­ UCR OFFENSE CODES erty" is to obtain money, property, or some other The three-digit codes shown on the following benefit, e.g., robbery, bribery, burglary. "Crimes listing are to be used for identifyingNIBRS Group Against Society" represent society's prohibition A and Group B offenses in Group A Incident against engaging in certain types of activity, e.g., Reports and Group B ArrestReports.·The codes gambling, prostitution, drug violations. are unique to NIBRS but were derived from the For counting purposes, one offense is counted four-digit National Crime Information Center for each victimof a "Crime AgainstPerson"; one (NCIC) Uniform Offense Classification Codes in offense is counted for each distinct operation for order to facilitate interrelating offense data be­ "Crime Against Property" (except motor vehicle tween the NCIC and UCR systems. theft, where one offense is counted for each stolen

29 GROUP A OFFENSES

OFFENSE CRIME AGAINST: CODE Arson Property 200 Assault Offenses: Person Aggravated Assault Person l3A Simple Assault Person l3B Intimidation Person l3C Bribery Property 510 Burglary/Breaking and Entering Property 220 CounterfeitingIForgery Property 250 Destrnction/Damage!Vandalism of Property Property 290 Drug/Narcotic OtTenses: Society Drug/Narcotic Violations Society 35A Drug Equipment Violations Society 35B Embezzlement Property 270 Extortion/Blackmail Property 210 Fraud OtTenses: Property False Pretenses/Swindle/Confidence Game Property 26A Credit Card/Automatic TeUer Machine Fraud Property 26B Impersonation Property 26C Welfare Fraud Property 26D Wire Fraud Property 26E Gambling OtTenses: Society BettinglWagering Society 39A Operating/Promoting/Assisting Gambling Society 39B Gambling Equipment Violations Society 39C Sports Tampering Society 39D Homicide OtTenses: Person Murder and Nonnegligent Manslaughter Person 09A Negligent Manslaughter Person 09B Justifiable Homicide Not a Crime 09C Kidnaping/Abduction Person 100 Larceny/Theft OtTenses: Property Pocket-picking Property 23A Purse-snatching Property 23B Shoplifting Property 23C Theft From Building Property 23D Theft From Coin-Operated Machine or Device Property 23E Theft From Motor Vehicle Property 23F Theft of Motor Vehicle Parts or Accessories Property 23G All Other Larceny Property 23H Motor Vehicle Theft Property 240

30 GROUP A OFFENSES

OFFENSE CRIME AGAINST: CODE Pornography/Obscene Material Society 370 Prostitntion Offenses: Society Prostitution Society 40A Assisting or Promoting Prostitution Society 40B Robbery Property 120 Sex Offenses, Forcible: Person Forcible Rape Person 11A Forcible Sodomy Person 11B Sexual Assault With An Object Person 11C Forcible Fondling Person 11D Sex Offenses, Nonforcible: Person Incest Person 36A Statutory Rape Person 36B Stolen Property Offenses Property 280 Weapon Law Violations Society 520

31 GROUP B OFFENSES

OFFENSE CRIME AGAINST: CODE Bad Checks Property 90A Curfew/LoiteringIVagrancy Violations Society 90B Disorderly Conduct Society 90C Driving Under the Influence Society 900 Druukeuuess Society 90E Family Offenses, Nonviolent Society 90F Liquor Law Violations Society 90G Peeping Tom Society 90H Runaway Not a Crime 901 Trespass of Real Property Society 90J All Other Offenses Person, Property, Society 90Z

32 Chapter 5

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

The administrative data portion of the Group A INCIDENT NUMBER Incident Report allows the national VCR Pro­ This is the number assigned by your agency to gram to identify uniquely each criminal incident each Group A Incident Report to identify it reported under NIBRS, along with common char­ uniquely, e.g., the Originating Agency Case acteristicsofalloffenseswithin eachincident; e.g., (OCA) Number. The number can be up to 12 the date and hour the incident occurred. The characters in length and can be the actual case administrative details to be reported for each in­ number (OCA) or a number assigned purely for cident are outlined below. VCR purposes. In either event, the incident num­ bers will be encrypted by the FBI prior to their ORI NUMBER dissemination to data requesters. The encryption The 9-character NCIC Originating Agency will ensure .recipients cannot identify actual Identifier (ORI) Number assigned to your agency cases. The incident number, again, allows the FBI is used to identify (a) the reporting agency and (b) to identify the case, or incident, and link all infor­ the location where the incident occurred. An ORI mation to the original case or incident. It also will Number must be included in each Group A Inci­ be the unique number to which the FBI will refer dent Report (or Group B Arrest Report). when corresponding with an agency concerning individual reports. NOTE: When submitting an incident report, Federal agencies must use a combination of the INCIDENT DATE/HOUR ORI Number of the location of the occurrence of Report the month, day, year, and hourwhen the the crimeand their two-characterFederalAgency incident occurred or started, or the beginning of Identifier assigned byand available from the FBI's the time period in which it occurred ifit continued VCR Program. State, county, and city agencies over a protracted period of time. If the incident submit all data under their own ORIs, as these date is unknown, use the date of the report, fol­ identifiers will automatically indicate where the lowed by an "R." Ifthe incident hour is unknown, crimes took place. do not report time. Military24-hour time is to be used. For example, Example: The ORI Number for the New York if the incident occurred on or between midnight City Police Department is NY0303000. Ifthe FBI and 1 a.m., the hour would be reported as "00." If in New York City reports a crime, the ORI would it occurred between 1 a.m. and 1:59a.m., the hour be NY03030JF; "NY03030" indicating New York would be reported as "01"; and ifbetween 11 p.m, City as the location of the offense and "JF" indi­ and 11:59 p.m., it would be entered as "23," etc. If cating the FBI as the reporting agency. the incident occurred at exactly midnight, it is considered to have occurred at the beginning of

33 the next day, as if the time was 1 minute past Juvenile/No Custody (the handling of a juvenile midnight. without taking him/her into custody but rather by oral or written notice given to the parents or legal Example (1): Ifa robbery occurred at 9:30 p.m, guardian in a case involving a minor offense) on July 2, 1991, the report would be: 07/02/1991/21. In a multiple-offense incident, the exceptional clearance of one offense clears the entire inci­ Example (2): A kidnaping started at 11:30 p.m. dent.An incident cannotbe cleared exceptionally if on November 1, 1991, and ended at 6 p.m. on any arrest has been made in connection with the November 16, 1991.The incidentdatelhourwould incident. (The incidenthas already been "cleared by be: 11/01/1991/23. (Ifthe incident occurred over a arrest.") Do not report exceptional clearance in­ long period of time, always record the date and formation for justifiable homicides, as no crimes time the incident began.) have, in reality, occurred. In order to clear an offense by exceptional Example (3): Ifa burglary occurred sometime means, each of the following four conditions must between 11:15a.m. on June 24, 1991,and 4:30 p.m, be met: on June 26,1991, report: 06/24/1991/11. 1. The investigation must have clearly and Example (4): If the date and hour of the definitely established the identity of at least one incident are unknown but thedate of the report offender. was March 15, 1991, report: 03/15/1991/R. 2. Sufficient probable cause must have been developed to support the arrest, charging, and EXCEPTIONAL CLEARANCES prosecution of the offender. In NIBRS, the submission of arrestee data in 3. The exact location of the offender must be connection with an incident automatically clears known so that an arrest could be made. all offenses within an incident. Incidents can like­ 4. There must be a reason outside the control of wise be cleared by exceptional means when some law enforcement which prevents the arrest. element beyond law enforcement control pre­ cludes a physical arrest. Any exceptional clear­ Instances may occur when an offender already ance in an incident clears all related in custody or serving a sentence confesses to Ian offenses. Exceptional clearances canbe made and uncleared crime. This situation is actually a varia­ should be reported under one of the following five tion of a true clearance by arrest and should not circumstances: be exceptionally cleared. Arrestee data should be reported on the offender who, although not "ap­ Death of the Offender (e.g., offender acciden­ prehended," will in most instances be prosecuted tally killed or dies of natural causes after warrant is obtained, suicide of the offender, double mur­ on the new charge. The FBI will dear the offense der, deathbed confession, offender killed by po­ automatically upon receipt of the arrestee data. lice or citizen) It is recognized that internal policy in various law Prosecution Declined (by the prosecutor for enforcement agencies permits the discontinu-ance other than lack of probable cause, e.g., offense of investigation and the administrative closing of falls outside prosecution guidelines by virtue of cases when all productive investigation has been value of loss, first-time offender, etc.) completed. The administrative closing of a case or the "clearing" of it by departmental policy does Extradition Denied (offender prosecuted by state or local authorities in another city for a not permit exceptionally clearing an offense un­ different offense or prosecuted in another city or less all four criteria, listed above, have been met. The recovery of property does not clear a state by the Federal government for an offense case for VCR purposes. Clearances in accor­ which may be the same [an attempt is made to return the offender for prosecution, hut the other dance with VCR procedures should have no ef­ jurisdiction will not allow the releasel) fect on whether an agency has internal policies as Victim Refused to Cooperate (in the prosecu­ to "closing" a case administratively or discontinu­ tion) ing active investigation. 34 Example: A kidnaper holding a hostage killed EXCEPTIONAL CLEARANCE DATE himself when the building in which he barricaded Ifan incident was cleared byexceptional means, himself was surrounded by police. The kidnaping the month, day, and year that it was cleared must is cleared exceptionally under, "Death of the be reported. Offender." Example: If the incident in the preceding example occurred on April 13, 1991, re­ port: 04/13/91.

35 Chapter 6

OFFENSE DATA

The following information requirements apply offense. One set of offense data is to be submitted to each offense within each crime incident. Since for each code reported. in NIBRS all Group A offenses occurring in an See Chapter 4, pages 30-32, for a listing of the incident are to be reported, care must be taken to NIBRS Offense Codes. identify all such offenses involved in an incident. For example, a rape case might also involve the Example (1): If an incident involved robbery crimes of motor vehicle theft and kidnaping, and and rape, two sets of offense data should be re­ they should all be reported. Care must also be ported - One with the VCR offense code "120" taken to ensure that each offense which is re­ (Robbery) and the other with "UA" (Forcible ported is a separate, distinct crime, rather than Rape). just a part of another offense. For example, every robbery includes some type of assault; butbecause Example (2): Even if two females were raped the assault is an elementwhich makes up the crime in Example (1) only one set of offense data should of robbery, only Robbery should be reported. If be reported with the offense code "lIA."The two during a robbery, however, the victim is forced to rape victims would be recorded in the victim data engage in sexual relations, both Robbery and portion of the report. That is, an offense of forc­ Forcible Rape should be reported, as forced sex­ ible rape occurred, and there were two victims. ual intercourse is not an element of robbery. Bur­ glary is another example in that it almost always Classifying is determiningthe appropriate crime includes a larceny offense. Because burglary is, categories (or codes) in which to report offenses however, defined in terms of theft, only the bur­ in VCR. Classification is based on the facts of the glary is to be reported. agency's investigations of crimes. (Refer to the Offense data describe the various types of discussion on classifying offenses in Chapter 4.) If offenses involved in the incident and arereported assistance is needed, correspond with the VCR for each of the (up to) ten most serious Group A Section, FBI, Washington, D.C. 20535, or contact offenses in the incident (as determined by the the VCR staff by telephone at (202) 324-5038 or reporting agency). Information on at least one (202) 324-2614. offense must be included in each Group A Inci­ dent Report. OFFENSE ATTEMPTED/COMPLETED For each offense within an incident, record UCR OFFENSE CODES whether the crime was attempted (A) or com­ Report the NIBRS Offense Codes for the most pleted (C). Ifthere was more than one occurrence serious offenses (up to 10) involved in the inci­ ofthe sameVCR offense within an incident (as in dent. Record each code only once even though the preceding Example [2) concerning Forcible there may have been more than one victim per

37 Rape), and only one was completed, then proprietary data. "Computer Equipment" should "Completed" is still reported. be reported. It should be noted that an attempted murder is to be reported as Aggravated Assault, and all BIAS MOTIVATION Assault Offenses are to be reported as "Com­ Because of the difficulty of ascertaining the pleted." offender's subjective motivation, bias is to be re­ ported only if investigation reveals sufficient ob­ Example: During the same incident, offenders jective facts to lead a reasonable and prudent attempted to kidnap two men. One man struggled person to conclude that the offender's actions and was able to escape. The other was abducted. weremotivated, inwholeor inpart, bybiasagainst Since one kidnaping was completed, the offense a racial, religious, ethnic/national origin, orsexual data would indicate "Completed." orientation group. The most appropriate one of the following bias types is to be reported: OFFENDER(S) SUSPECTED OF USING Indicate whether any of the offenders in the Racial Bias: incident were suspected of consuming alcohol or Anti-White using drugs/narcotics during or shortly before the Anti-Black incident; or of usinga computer, computer termi­ Anti-American Indian/Alaskan Native nal, or other computer equipment to perpetrate Anti-AsianlPacific Islander the crime. Any or all of the following three cate­ Anti-Multi-Racial Group gories can be used for each offense: Religious Bias: Anti-Jewish Alcohol Anti-Catholic Computer Equipment Anti-Protestant Drugs/Narcotics Anti-Islamic (Moslem) Anti-Other Religion (Buddhism, Example (1): Witnesses to an assault reported Hinduism, Shintoism, etc.) that the victimand offender were in a bar drinking Anti-Multi-Religious Group beer when an argument broke out, and the of­ Anti-Atheist/Agnostic fender attacked the victimwith a knife.The report should indicate "Alcohol." Ethnicity/National Origin Bias: Anti-Arab Example (2): A rape victim advised that her Anti-Hispanic attacker bragged that he had been "freebasing" Anti-Other Ethnicity/National Origin cocaine just prior to the incident. The report Sexual Orientation Bias: should read "Drugs/Narcotics." Anti-Male Homosexual (Gay) Anti-Female Homosexual (Lesbian) Example (3): A medical supply warehouse was Anti-Homosexual (Gays and Lesbians) burglarized and large amounts of Methadone, Anti-Heterosexual Morphine, Benzedrine, and Valium were stolen. Anti-Bisexual The report should NOT indicate "Drugs/Narcot­ ics." While the drugs were the object of the crime, None (no bias) there was no indication that the offenders used Unknown (offender's motivation not known) drugs or narcotics before or during the incident. That drugs were the object of the offense willbe In NIBRS, incidents which do not involve any recorded with the property data on the crime. facts indicating biased motivation on the part of the offender are to be reported as "None," while Example (4): A computer "hacker" used his incidents involving ambiguous facts (i.e., where personal computer and a telephone modem to some fads are present but are not conclusive) are gain access to a company's computer and steal to be reported as "Unknown." See the UCR pub­ lications, Hate Crime Data Collection Guidelines 38 and Training Guide for Hate Crime Data circumstances of the crime, "Bar/Night Club" Collection, for further information on reporting should be reported. bias motivation. NUMBER OF PREMISES ENTERED NOTE: Agencies participating in NIBRS may Report this information ONLY if the crime is opt to submit data on bias crimes by use of hard Burglary/Breaking and Entering and the location copy quarterly reports discussed in the Hate is "Hotel/Motel/Etc." or "Rental Storage Facil­ Crime Data Col/ection Guidelines. ity." In such cases, the number of structures (premises) entered is to be reported. Include in LOCATION TYPE the total the number of individual rooms, units, One of the following location/premises types suites, storage compartinents, etc., entered. should be reported to show where each offense took place: Example (1): A self-storage building was burglarized and 11 rented storage compartments Air/Bus/Train Terminal were forcibly entered. The owner/manager of the Bank/Savings and Loan (includes other building reported the incident to police. Since the financial institutions) offense was burglary and the location a rental Bar/Night Club storage facility, the 11 compartments entered Church/Synagogue (includes other should be reported. religious buildings) Commercial/Office Building Example (2): A private residence was Construction Site burglarized. Again, the offense was burglary, but Convenience Store because the location was not a hotel/motel or Department/Discount Store rental storage facility, no information should be Drug StorelDoctor's Office/Hospital recorded concerning the number of premises en­ (includes medical supply building) tered. Field!Woods Government/Public Building METHOD OF ENTRY Grocery/Supermarket For each Burglary/Breaking and Entering Highway/Road/Alley (includes streets) offense, report whetherforce ornoforce was used Hotel/Motel/Etc, (includes other by the burglar(s) to enter a structure. A forced temporary lodgings) entry iswhere force of any degree or a mechanical Jail/Prison (includes penitentiary) contrivance of any kind is used to unlawfully enter I-ake!Waterway a structure for the purpose ofcommitting a theft Liquor Store or felony. This act includes entry by use of tools; Parking Lot/Garage breaking windows; forcing windows, doors, tran­ Rental Storage Facility (includes mini­ soms, or ventilators; cutting screens, walls, or storage and self-storage buildings) roofs; and where known, the use of master keys, Residence/Home (includes apartments, picks, unauthorized keys, celluloid, or other de­ condominiums, and nursing homes) vices which leave no outward mark but are used Restaurant (includes cafeterias) to force a lock. Burglary by concealment inside a School/College (includes universities) building followed by an exiting of the structure Service/Gas Station after the theft is included in this category. Specialty Store (includes fur shops, jewelry . An unforced entry involves unlawful entry stores, dress shops, etc.) through an unlocked door or window. The ele­ Other/V nknown ment oftrespass to the structure is essentialin this ,. classification, which includes thefts from open Example: An assault started in a bar, continued garages and warehouses, open or unlocked dwell­ into an adjoining parking lot, and ended in the ings, and open or unlocked common basement street. As the bar was the location where the areas in apartment houses (where entry is by offense was initiated and best describes the someone other than by the tenant who has lawful 39 access). If the structure entered was one of open Rifle access, thefts from the premises would not involve Shotgun an unlawful trespass and would be reported as Other Firearm (machine gun, bazooka, etc.) larceny. Knife/Cutting Instrument (ax, ice pick, If both forcible and nonforcible entries were screwdriver, switchblade, etc.) involved in the crime, the offense should be re­ Blunt Object (club, hammer, etc.) ported as.having been accomplished through Motor Vehicle (when used as weapon) force. Personal Weapons (i.e., hands, fists, feet, etc.) Poison TYPE CRIMINAL ACTIVITY Explosives Report only for CounterfeitingIForgery; Stolen Fire/Incendiary Device .Property Offenses; Drug/Narcotic Violations; Drugs/Narcotics/Sleeping Pills Drug Equipment Violations; Gambling Equip­ Asphyxiation (by drowning, strangulation, ment Violations; Pornography/Obscene Material; suffocation, gas, etc.) and Weapon Law Violations. Record up to three Other (any weapon or force not fitting the of the below-listed activities: above specifically listed weapons/force) Unknown BuyinglReceiving CultivatinglManufacturingIPublishing/ When reporting the weapons used, select the Producing most specific weapon-type listed, e.g., a revolver Distributing/Selling should be reported as "Handgun" rather than Exploiting Children "Firearm." If a weapon was used that could be Operating/Promoting/Assisting employed in several ways, choose the weapon­ Possessing/Concealing type that indicates how the weapon was used. For TransportingiTransmittinglImporting example, if a bottle was used in the commission of Using/Consuming a murder, report"BluntObject" if the victimwas beaten or "Knife/CuttingInstrument" ifthevictim Example: The offenders published and sold was cut or stabbed. pornographic photographs they took of children. Because up to three types of activity can be re­ Example: Three robbers held up a bank. One ported, "Cultivating/Manufacturing/Publish­ was armed with a revolver, the second had a ing/Producing"; "Distributing/Selling"; and sawed-offshotgun, and the third had an automatic "Exploiting Children" should be recorded. assault rifle. The weapons reported should be: "Handgun"; "Shotgun"; and "AutomaticRifle." TYPE WEAPON/FORCE INVOLVED Up to three types of weapons/force used by the The offenses for which weapons/type of force offender in committingcertain crimes can be re­ information is collected are: corded. If the weapon was an automatic firearm, "Automatic" along with the firearm type is re­ Murder and Nonnegligent Manslaughter ported. Negligent Homicide Justifiable Homicide NOTE: An automatic firearm is defined as any Kidnaping/Abduction firearm which shoots, or is designed to shoot, Forcible Rape more than one shot at a time by a single pull of the Forcible Sodomy trigger without manual reloading. Sexual Assault With An Object Forcible Fondling Up to three of the following weapons can be Robbery reported for each offense: Aggravated Assault Simple Assault Firearm (type unknown) Extortion/Blackmail Handgun Weapon Law Violations

40 Chapter 7

PROPERTY DATA

Seized - (property that was NOT previously Propertydataare collected to describe the type, stolen) value, and (for drugs and narcotics seized in drug cases) quantity of property involved in the inci­ Stolen/Etc. Unknown dent. Propertyinformation is to be submitted sep­ arately for each type of property loss, i.e., burned, Example: For Arson, the report might be counterfeited, forged, destroyed, recovered, "None" (an attempt with no property burned), seized, etc., for the followingoffenses/offense cat­ "Burned" (property burned) or "Unknown" (not egories: known whether property burned). Arson PROPERTY DESCRIPTION Bribery For each type of property loss/etc., up to ten Burglary/Breaking and Entering property descriptions (types) can be reported. If Counterfeiting/Forgery more than ten types of property are involved, the Destruction/DamagelVandalism of Property nine most valuable specifically listed types of Drug/Narcotic Offenses property are to be reported and the remaining Embezzlement types of propertyare to be combined and reported Extortion/Blackmail as "Other." Fraud Offenses The property type categories are: Gambling Offenses Kidnaping/Abduction Aircraft- airplanes, dirigibles, gliders, etc. Larceny/Theft Offenses Alcohol - alcoholic beverages, e.g., beer, wine Motor Vehicle Theft Automobiles - sedans, coupes, station wagons, Stolen Property Offenses convertibles, taxicabs, and other similar motor vehicles which serve the primary purpose of trans­ TYPE PROPERTY LOSS/ETC. Record the type of property loss, recovery, etc., porting people whichoccurredin an incidentas: Bicycles - includes tandem bicycles, unicycles, and tricycles Buses - motor vehicles whicb are specifically None designed, but not necessarily used, to transport Burned - (includes damage caused by fighting groups of people on a commercial basis an arson fire) Clothes/Furs - wearing apparel for human use, Counterfeited/Forged including accessories such as belts, shoes, scarves, DestroyediDamaged/Vandalized Recovered - (property that was previously ties, etc. stolen) 41 Computer Hardware/Software - computers, Recordings-AudioNisual - phonograph re­ computer peripherals, e.g., tape and disk drives, cords;compact disks, tape recordings, cassettes, printers; and storage media, i.e., magnetic tapes, etc. magnetic and optical disks, etc. Recreational Vehicles - motor vehicles which Consumable Goods· expendable items used by are specifically designed, but not necessarily used, humans for nutrition, enjoyment, or hygiene, e.g., to transport people and also provide them tempo­ food, beverages, grooming products, cigarettes, rary lodging for recreational purposes gasoline, firewood Structures-Single Occupancy Dwellings Credit/Debit Cards - includes automatic teller houses, townhouses, duplexes, mobile homes, or machine cards other private dwellings which are occupied by a Drugs/Narcotics single person, family, housemates, or other group Drug/Narcotic Equipment Structures-Other Dwellings - any otherresiden­ Farm Equipment - tractors, combines, etc. tial dwellings not meeting the definition of "Single Firearms· weapons that fire a shot by force of Occupancy Dwellings," e.g., apartments, tene­ an explosion, i.e., handguns, rifles, shotguns, etc., ments, temporary living quarters, such as hotels, but not "BB," pellet, or gas-powered guns motels, inns GamblingEquipment - gambling paraphernalia Structures-Other Commercial/Business ­ Heavy Construction/Industrial Equipment ­ stores, office buildings, restaurants, etc. cranes, bulldozers, steamrollers, oil-drilling rigs, Structures-Industrial/Manufacturing - facto­ etc. ries, plants, assembly lines, etc. Household Goods - beds, chairs, desks, sofas, Structures-Public/Community - colleges, hos­ tables,refrigerators, stoves, washers/dryers, air pitals, jails, libraries, meeting halls, passenger ter­ conditioning and heating equipment, etc. minals, religionsbuildings, schools,sportsarenas, Jewelry/Precious Metals - bracelets, necklaces, etc. rings, watches,etc., andgold,silver, platinum, etc. Structures-Storage - barns, garages, store­ Livestock - living farm animals, e.g., cattle, houses, warehouses, etc. chickens, hogs, horses, sheep, but not household Structures-Other - any other structures not fit­ pets such as dogs and cats ting the other structures descriptions, e.g., out­ Merchandise· items held for sale buildings, monuments, buildings under' Money - legal tender, i.e., coins and paper cur­ construction rency Tools - hand tools and power tools Negotiable Instruments - any document, other Trucks - motor vehicles which are specifically than currency, which is payable without restric­ designed, but not necessarily used, to transport tion, e.g., endorsed checks, endorsed money or­ cargo on a commercial basis ders, and endorsed traveler's checks; bearer Vehicle Parts/Accessories - motor vehicle bat­ checks and bonds teries, engines, transmissions, heaters, hubcaps, Nonnegotiable Instruments - documents re­ tires, manufacturers' emblems,license plates, side quiring further action to become negotiable, e.g., mirrors, radios, antennas,tape decks, etc. unendorsed checks, unendorsed money orders; Watercraft - motorboats, sailboats, houseboats, food stamps; stocks and bonds etc. Office-type Equipment - typewriters, adding Otber - all other property not fitting the above machines, calculators, cashregisters, copyingma­ specific descriptions, including intangibles ("In­ chines, etc. tangibles" areanything which cannot be perceived OtherMotorVehicles - any motor vehicles other by the sense of touch. They can be benefits, e.g., a than automobiles, buses, or trucks, e.g., motorcy­ right or privilege, a promotion, enhanced reputa­ cles, niotor scooters, trail bikes, mopeds, snow­ tion, etc.; or a detriment,e.g., a loss of reputation, mobiles, golf carts injured feelings) Purses/Handbegs/Wallets Pending Iuventory - property descriptiou un­ Radios/TVsNCKs. includes radios, televisions, known until an inventory is conducted videotape recorders, high-fidelity and stereo equipment, compact disk players, etc.

42 On occasion the national UCR Program will "Other" are to be combined and reported as one compile statistics On certain designated types of total. property, e.g., "CB" radios, which emerge as the There is no requirement to list the value of any objects of current theft "fads." These instances drugs/narcotics "seized" in a DrugINarcotic Vio­ willbe rare. lation offense.Thus, ifthe offense was "Drug/Nar­ cotic Violation," the property description was Example (1): The followingpropertywasstolen "Drugs/Narcotics," and the type property loss, as the result of a burglary: (1) a $10,000 stamp "Seized," no valuation is required. However, collection; (2) jewelry worth $5,000; (3) an $1,800 when drugs are involved in other types of crime personal computer; (4) clothes worth $1,500; (5) (e.g., they were stolen in a burglary or burned in silverware worth $800; (6) a $650 TV; (7) a $450 an arson) their value is to be reported. Data on VCR; (8) a $400microwaveoven; (9)$350in cash; drugs seized are handled separately in specific (10) a $250typewriter; (11) a $150shotgun; (12) a categories relating to them. (See pages 44-45.) $100bicycle; (13) two credit cards (no value); and (14) ten blank personal checks (no value). Example (1): Two victims had their bicycles Item (1), the stamp collection, was the most stolen at the same time and place - one was worth expensive property, however, because it does not $300and the other $150."Bicycles" would be the fit into any of the specific property descriptions, it property description and the total value of the two would be included in "Other." Items (2) through "$450" ($300 + $150 = $450) the value reported. (12) then become the nine most valuable specific property types listed as follows: the jewelry and Example (2): In Example (1) for "Property silverware would be reported as "Jewelry/Pre­ Description," in the preceding column, the values cious Metals"; the personal computer as "Com­ for each specifically coded property should be puter Hardware/Software"; the clothes as entered as follows: $5,800 for the jewelry and "Clothes/Furs"; the TV and VCR as "Ra­ silverware; $1,800 for the personal computer; dios/TVs/Vt.Rs"; the microwave ovenas"House­ $1,500for the clothes; $1,100for the TV and VCR; hold Goods"; thecash as "Money"; thetypewriter $400 for the microwave oven; $350 for the cash; as "Office-type Equipment"; the shotgun as"Fire­ $250for the typewriter; $150for the shotgun; $100 arms"; and the bicycle as "Bicycles." Items (13) for the bicycle; and $10,000 for "Other" (the and (14), i.e., the two credit cards and ten blank stamp collection, the two credit cards, and the ten checks, should be combined with Item (1), the blank checks). stamp collection, and entered as "Other." Example (3): In Example (2) for "Property Example (2): Ifa house was destroyed byarson Description," since a determination of the prop­ and the homeowners are awayOn an overseas trip erty loss caused by the arson must await an inven­ making it impossible to determine the property tory, "Unknown" should be reported. Updated loss untiltheyreturn, report"Pending Inventory." information with appropriate property loss values Updated information describing the type(s) of should be submitted after the results of the inven­ burned property should be submitted when the tory are learned. results of the inventory are subsequently learned. Guidelines For Property Valuation VALUE OF PROPERTY Questions frequently arise as to how to valuate Report the total dollar values of the property property involved in a criminal incident. The fol­ which was burned, stolen, destroyed, etc., as a lowingguidelines are suggested: result of the incident. Up to ten values can.be entered to match the up to ten property descrip­ 1. Use fair market value for articles which are tions. If more than ten types of property are in­ subject to depreciation because of wear and tear, volved, the values of the nine most valuable age, or other factors which cause the value to properties are to be reported; then, the total value decrease with use. of the remaining properties which were coded 2. Use cost to the merchant (wholesale cost) of goods recovered, seized, stolen, etc., from retail

43 establishments, warehouses, etc. In other words, reported. Up to 10 dates of recovery can be use the dollar value representing the actual cash reported to match each of the up to 10 property loss to the victim without any markup or profit descriptions in the incident. Ifthere is more than added. one date of recovery for the same type of property, 3. Usevictim's valuation of items such as jewelry, report the earliest date. If the recovery date is watches, and other similar goods which decrease unknown, record the date of the report. in value slightly or not at all with use or age. 4. Use replacement cost or actual cash cost to Example: On March 29, 1991, three cars were victim for new or almost new clothes, auto acces­ stolen from a used car lot. One was recovered on sories, bicycles, etc. July 24 and another on August 5. The date re­ 5. When the victim obviously exaggerates the ported should be "7/24/91." value of stolen/destroyed/damaged property for insuranceor other purposes, common sense and NUMBER OF STOLEN MOTORVEHICLES good judgment will dictate a fair market value to For all Motor Vehicle Theft offenses, report the be placed Onthe stolen items by law enforcement. total number of motor vehicles stolen in the inci­ dent. Up to 99 vehicles can be reported per inci­ In most instances, the victim's valuation can be dent. accepted. The theft of nonnegotiable instruments Example: In the case above, the report would such as traveler's checks, personal checks, money be "3." orders, stocks, bonds, food stamps, etc., shouldbe scored but no value recorded. Again, "hair split­ NUMBER OF RECOVERED MOTOR ting" refinements are unnecessary. Negotiable in­ VEHICLES struments such as bonds payable to the bearer, For all Motor Vehicle Theft offenses, record etc., are valued at the current market price at the how many motor vehicles were recovered in the time of the theft, seizure, etc. Values should be incident. Again up to 99 can be reported. rounded to the nearest whole dollar. Often the condition of the property is different Example: In the foregoing examples, the report at recovery than it was when stolen. The market should be "2" because two of the three cars were value at the time of recovery should be used even recovered. though it is less than the value reported at thetime of the theft. Ifthe value has increased by the time SUSPECTED DRUG TYPE the property is recovered, the recovery value Because it is often difficult to determine thetrue should not exceed its value at the time it was identity of drugs or narcotics at the time an initial stolen. incident report is prepared, only the "suspected An agency should only report the value of type of drug" is to be reported. Suspected drug property stolen in its jurisdiction. Likewise, the type is required only for DruglNarcotic Viola­ value of property recovered will include only tions. No report is necessary when drugs or nar­ property originally stolen in its own jurisdiction. It cotics are burned, stolen, etc., in connection with does not matter who recovers the property or other offenses, such as arson, burglary, lar­ where it was recovered. Although another police ceny/theft, etc. The types of drugs/narcotics for agency recovers the stolen property, the jurisdic­ reporting are: tion from which the property was stolen would "Crack" Cocaine report the value of the recovery. This procedure Cocaine - all forms except "crack" applies to all stolen property, including motor. Hashish vehicles. Some agencies find it valuable, of course, Heroin to maintain separate records on property recov­ Marijuana ered by them for other jurisdictions. Morphine Opium DATE RECOVERED Other Narcotics - Codeine; Demerol; Dihydro­ If previously stolen property is recovered, the morphinone or Dilaudid; Hydrocodone or Per­ month, day, and year of its recovery is to be codan; Methadone; etc. 44 LSD "Estimated Quantity" of seized drugs ornarcotics PCP is to be reportedfor each DrugINarcoticViolation OtherHallucinogens - BMDA or "WhiteAcid"; where drugs are seized. DMT; MDA; MDMA; Mescaline or Peyote; Psi­ Up to three quantities can be made to match the locybin; STP; etc. "Suspected Drug Types" reported. If more than Amphetamines/Methamphetamines three drugs or narcotics are involved, the quanti­ Other Stimnlants - Adipex, Fastine, and ties of the two most important (as determined by Ionamin (Derivatives of Phentermine); Benze­ the reporting agency taking into account their drine; Didrex; Methylphenidate or Ritalin; Phen­ quantity, value, and deadliness) are to be re­ metrazine or Preludin; Tenuate; etc. ported. No quantity indicator is required for the Barbiturates "Over Three Drug Types" category. Other Depressants - Glutethimide or Doriden; Measurements can be made in the following Methaqualone or Quaalude; Pentazocine or categories: Talwio; etc. Other Drugs - Antidepressants, i.e., Elavil, GM-Gram Triavil, Tofranil, etc.; Aromatic Hydrocarbons; KG - Kilogram Propoxyphene or Darvon; Tranquilizers, i.e., OZ - Ounce Chlordiazepoxide or Librium, Diazepam or Val­ LB- Pound ium; etc. DU - Dosage Unit (Number of capsules, pills, Unknown Type Drug tablets, etc.) Over Tbree Drug Types ML - Milliliter LT - Liter Up to three drug/narcotic types can be FO - Fluid Ounce recorded. Ifmore than three are involved, the two GL - Gallon most important (as determined by the reporting NP • Number of Plants (e.g., marijuana plants, agency taking into account thequantity, value, and bushes) deadliness ofthe drugs) are to be reported under XX - Not Reported (Interim report; must their applicable drug types and the remaining subsequently be replaced with true value.) drugs are to be recorded as "Over Three Drug Types." Example (1): In the preceding example given for "Suspected Drug Type," 1.5 KG should be Example: In a drug case, the following drugs reported for the "crack" and 20.3 LB for the were seized: (I) 1.5 kilograms of "crack"; (2) 20.3 marijuana. No report is requiredfor themorphine pounds of marijuana; (3) 2.125 liquid ounces of and Valium. morphine; and (4) 200 Valium capsules. Because of their quantity, the "crack" and marijuana are It is frequently the case that suspected the most important drugs, and therefore, should drugs/narcotics are sent to a forensic laboratory be reported separately. The morphine and Val­ for assessment as to type, measurement, etc. In ium are reported as "Over Three Drug Types" such instances, "Not Reported" canbe used in the because more than three types of drugs were interim. Upon receipt of laboratory results, the seized. "Not Reported" must be replaced.

ESTIMATED DRUG QUANTITY/TYPE DRUG Example (2): A bag of white powder, suspected MEASUREMENT to be drugs, was seized. The powder was sent to Because of problems in determining the "street the laboratory for analysis. "Unknown" is re­ value" of drugs or narcotics, no monetary value is corded for "Suspected Drug Type" and "Not Re­ to be reported when they are seized in connection· ported" for the "Estimated Drug QuantitylType with DrugINarcotic Violations. However, in order Drug Measurement" pending laboratory results. to obtain some measure ofthe drug problem, the

45 ChapterS

VICTIM DATA

Victim dataare collected to describe the victims EVERY VICTIM MAY NOT BE AFFECTED involved in the incident. A separate set of victim BYEACH OFFENSE WITHINANINCIDENT. data is to be submitted for each of the (up to 999) REPORT FOR EACH VICTIM ONLY THOSE victims involved in the incident.There mustbe at OFFENSESAFFECTING HIM OR HER. least one set of victim datafor each crime incident. Example: Two victims, victim 001 and victim VICTIM SEQUENCE NUMBER 002, were robbed and victim 001 was also raped. Each victim in an incident is to be assigned a Report both Robbery and Forcible Rape for vic­ sequence number from 001 to 999. A separate set tim 001. Only Robbery should be reported for of victim data is to be submitted for each num­ victim 002. bered victim. The sequence numbers provide uniqueness TYPE OF VICTIM when there are multiple victims. For example, if The type of victim is to be reported for each three victims were involved in an incident, one numbered victim. Only one of the following types victim would be assigned the number001, the next is to be reported for each victim: victim would be designated 002, and the last victim 003. Individual Some assault situations can pose difficulties in Business distinguishing victims. Ifa number of persons are Financial Institution involved in a dispute or disturbance and law en­ Government forcement investigations cannot establish the ag­ Religious Organization gressors from the victims, record all persons Society/Public involved as both victims and offenders. Similar Other situations can occur with domestic disputes, etc. Unknown

VICTIM CONNECTED TO UCR OFFENSE Example: During a bank robbery, the offender CODE(S) pointed a gnn at a teller and demanded and re- . For eachvictim, reporttheup to 10mostserious ceived money. The robber also pistol whipped a (as determined by the reporting agency) Group A customer who tried to interfere with the escape. offenses which were perpetrated against him/her Report three victims, i.e., the bank (Financial In­ during the incident. See Chapter 4 for a listing of stitution), the teller (Individual), and the pistol­ , Group A offense codes. whipped customer (Individual).

47 AGE OF VICTIM example, China, India, Japan, Korea, the Ifthe victim was a person (Individual), his/her Philippine Islands, and Samoa. age isto be reported either as an exact age, a range of years, or as unknown. An age is required for ETHNICITY OF VICTIM each "Individual" victim. The following are the age categories: NOTE: This is "optional" data. Recording ethnic origin is at the discretion of the reporting NN - Under 24 hours (neonate) agency. NB - 1-6 days old BB - 7-364 days old If the victim was a person (Individual), his/her 01 - 98 years old - (report the exact age) ethnic origin is reported as: 99 - Over 98 years old 00- Unknown Hispanic Origin -A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or Example: If the victim was a person 18 years other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. old, report "18." Not of Hispanic Origin Unknown If the exact age is unknown, an approximate "age" can be reported. Any range in years is ac­ Example: If the victim was Cuban, report ceptable. "Hispanic Origin."

Example: Ifa deceased female victim appeared NOTE: The racial and ethnic origin categories to be a teenager, the report could be "13 to 19." used in the U CR Programwere adopted from the Statistical Policy Handbook published by the Of­ SEX OF VICTIM fice of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards, If the victim was a person (Individual), his/her U. S. Department of Commerce. sex is to be indicated as: RESIDENT STATUS OF VICTIM Male Female NOTE: This is "optional" data. Recording Unknown residence status is at the discretion of the report­ ingagency. RACE OF VICTIM Ifthe victim is a person (Individual), his/her race Ifthe victim was a person (Individual), whether is to be reported as one of the following: he/she was a resident ornonresidentofthelocality where victimized is to be reported as: White -A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, or the Resident Middle East. Nonresident Black -A person having origins in any of the Unknown black racial groups of Africa. American Indian or Alaskan Native - A person A "Resident" is a person who maintains his/her having origins in any of the original peoples of permanent home for legal purposes in the locality North America and who maintains cultural iden­ (i.e., town, city, community) where the crime took tification through tribal affiliation or community place. Federal, state, and county law enforcement recognition. agencies should base their determinations of res­ Asian or Pacific Islander -A person having idency on the town, city, or community Where the origins in any of the original peoples of the Far· crime occurred rather than their broader geo­ East, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, graphical jurisdictions. Concerning univer­ or the Pacific Islands. This area includes, for sity/college campuses, only persons living "on campus" (i.e., in dormitories, etc.) would be

48 considered "residents" if victimized within the Select one of the following for each JUSTIFI­ confines of the school property and the crime is ABLE HOMICIDE victim: reported by a campus law enforcement agency. Criminal Killed by Private Citizen Example: A victim was robbed in San Diego, Criminal Killed by Police Officer California, where she resides. Report "Resident." Example (1): Two rival juvenile street gangs AGGRAVATED ASSAULT/HOMICIDE rumbled over "turf' rights to sell drugs and one of CIRCUMSTANCES the gang members was killed. Involved are "Argu­ The circumstances surrounding Aggravated ment"; "Drug Dealing"; and "Juvenile Gang." Assaults and Homicide Offenses (Murder, Negli­ While all three apply, only two circumstances can gent Manslaughter, Justifiable Homicide) are to be reported. Therefore, the two most descriptive be reported for each victim. Remember, selec­ categories (in the judgment of the reporting tions of circumstances should be based on infor­ agency) should be used. In this case, they would mation known to law enforcement followingtheir be "Drug Dealing" and "Juvenile Gang." investigation, not decisions of a grand jury, coroner's inquest, or other agency outside law Example (2): In resisting arrest. a fugitive enforcement. Always select the most descriptive pulled a gun and fired two times at the two officers circumstances as determined by investigation. attempting the apprehension. Neither officer was Up to two of the following can be recorded for hit, but both returned fire, killing the fugitive. As each AGGRAVATED ASSAULT AND/OR this is a justifiable homicide, report "Criminal MURDER AND NONNEGLIGENT MAN­ Killed by Police Officer." SLAUGHTER victim:

Argument ADDITIONAL JUSTIFIABLE HOMICIDE Assault on Law Enforcement Officer(s) CIRCUMSTANCES Drug Dealing To further describe the circumstances of a Gangland (Organized Crime involvement) justifiable homicide, report one of the following: Juvenile Gang Lovers' Quarrel Criminal Attacked Police Officer and Mercy Killing (not applicable to aggravated That Officer Killed Criminal assault) Criminal Attacked Police Officer and Other Felony Involved Criminal Killed by Another Police Officer Other Circumstances Criminal Attacked a Civilian Unknown Circumstances Criminal Attempted Flight From a Crime Criminal Killed in Commission of a Crime Select one of the following for each NEGLI­ Criminal Resisted Arrest GENT MANSLAUGHTER victim: Unable to Determine/Not Enough Information

Child Playing With Weapon As only one category can be reported, the most Gun-Cleaning Accident descriptive (as determined by the reporting Hunting Accident agency) should be selected. Assuming the facts as Other Negligent Weapon Handling in Example (2) above, the possible choices are Other Negligent Killings "Criminal Attacked Police Officer and That Offi­ cer Killed Criminal" and "Criminal Resisted Ar­ Keep inmind traffic fatalities, accidental deaths, rest." The former is more descriptive of the or deaths of victims due to their own negligence occurrence. are not to be included as negligent manslaughters. Information is to be reported regarding all other TYPE OF INJURY negligent manslaughters regardless of prosecutive To describe the type(s) of bodily injury suffered action. as a result of certain offenses, report up to five of 49 the following injury types for each victim NOTE: THESE SAME SEQUENCE NUM­ (Individual): BERS MUST BE USED TO IDENTIFY THE SAME OFFENDERS IN THE OFFENDER None SECTION OF THE INCIDENTREPORT. (SEE Apparent Broken Bones PAGE 53.) Possible Internal Injuries Severe Laceration Example: Three teenagers beat a schoolmate. Apparent Minor Injury The offenderswouldbe numbered"01," "02," and Other Major Injury "03." Loss of Teeth Unconsciousness RELATIONSHIP OF VICTIM TO OFFENDER Using the offender numbers assigned as above, The offenses for which injury type are to be report the relationship of each victim to up to 10 reported are: offenders who have perpetrated a Crime Against Person and/or a robbery against them. Relation­ Kidnaping/Abduction ships to be reported are: Forcible Rape Forcible Sodomy Within The Family Sexual Assault With An Object Victim Was: Forcible Fondling Spouse Robbery Common-Law Spouse Aggravated Assault Parent Simple Assault Sibling (brother or sister) ExtortionIBlackmail Child Grandparent Example (1): The offender assaulted a man Grandchild witha tire iron, breaking theman's armandopen­ In-Law ing a cut about 3 inches long and 1 inch deep on Stepparent his back. The report should be "Apparent Broken Stepchild Bones" and "Severe Laceration." Stepsibling (stepbrother or stepsister) Other Family Member Example (2): The victim, a respected religious figure, was blackmailed regarding his sexual activ­ Outside Family But Known To Victim ities. As he suffered no physical injury, none Victim Was: should be reported. Acquaintance Friend OFFENDER NUMBER(S) TO BE RELATED Neighbor Along with the following data on Relationship Babysittee (the baby) of Victim to Offender, this sequence number is Boyfriend/Girlfriend used to link victims to offenders who have perpe­ Child of Boyfriend or Girlfriend trated a Crime Against Person (Assault, Homi­ Ex-Spouse cide, Kidnaping/Abduction, Forcible Sex Employee Offense, and Nonforcible Sex Offense) and/or a Employer Robbery. For each robbery or personal crime Homosexual Relationship victim, assign a sequence number from "01" to Victim Was Otherwise Known \ "10" for up to 10ofthe offenders involved.Ifthere Not Known By Victim are more than 10 offenders, select those that are Relationship Unknown \ "closest" inrelationship to the victim. Ifnothingis Victim Was Stranger \. known about the perpetrators, report "00." Other Victim Was Offender

50 The category "Victim Was Offender" is to be Using the situation in the preceding example used in cases where all of the participants in the "Victim Was Friend" would be reported for each incidents were victims and offenders of the same of the three offenders, "01,""02,"and "03." offense such as domestic disputeswhere bothhus­ band and wife are charged with assault; double Example (1): An employee assaulted his murders (i.e., two people kill each other); or bar­ employer (a person) with his fists. "Victim Was room brawls where many participants are ar­ Employer" should be reported. rested. When reporting these data, keep in mind that Example (2): Two unknown men robbed a the relationship requested is that of the victim to male and female couple. Report "Stranger" as the the offender. Also the relationship of the victim to relationship of each of the two victims to each of each offender is to be reported. the two offenders.

f

51 Chapter 9

OFFENDER DATA

"01" and the other with "02." "Unknown" would Offender data include characteristics (age, sex, he reportedinthe remaining offendercategories. and race) of each offender (up to 99) involved in a crime incident whether or Dot an arrest has been AGE OF OFFENDER made. The object is to capture any information The age of each numbered offender is to be known to law enforcement concerning the offend­ reported either as an exact number of years, a ers even though they maynot have been identified. range of years, or as unknown. Record one of the There are, of course, instances where no informa­ following: tion aboutperpetrators is known. 01 to 98 Years Old - report the exact age OFFENDER (SEQUENCE) NUMBER 99 - Over 98 Years Old Each offender in the incident is to be assigned a 00- Unknown sequence number from "01" to "99." A separate set of offender data is to be submitted for each Should the exact age be unknown, an age range numbered offender. Ifnothing is known about the can be reported. Any range in years is acceptable. offender(s), report "00." For example, for a teenager the report could be "13 to 19." NOTE: If sequence numbers have already been assigned because theoffenders perpetrated a Crime Example: A robbery victim described his AgainstPerson ora Robbery, simplyuse the same assailant, who escaped, as in his "mid-twenties." numbers. The report could be "24 to 26" years old. Example (1): A corpse with fivebullet holes in SEX OF OFFENDER it was found in an abandoned warehouse. There The sex of the offender is to be indicated: were no witnesses to the crime or suspects. The only information requiredis a "00." The remain­ Male der of the offender data are ignored. (Remember Female "DO" should also have been reported in the of­ Unknown fender portion of the victim data since murder is a Crime Against Person.) Example: A female was seen shoplifting but escaped the scene with merchandise. The report Example (2): Two offenders were seen fleeing would be "Female." the scene of a burglary, but because they were wearingski masks, their age, sex, and race could not be determined. Two sets of offender data would be recorded - one with sequence number 53 RACE OF OFFENDER NOTE: See page 48 for definitions of the race Therace of the offender is to be indicated as one designations. of the following: White Example: A white female was seen shoplifting Black but escaped the scene with merchandise. Report American Indian/Alaskan Native "White." AsianlPacific Islander Unknown

54 Chapter 10

ARRESTEE DATA

Arrestee data are to be reported for all persons 1. Those persons arrested and released without apprehended for the commission of Group A or a formal charge being placed against them. (An Group B crimes, that is, all offenses except Justi­ arrest has occurred when a law enforcement offi­ fiable Homicide (not a crime). Listings of the cer detains an adult with the intention of seeking Group A and B offenses, along with their defini­ charges against the person for a specific offense(s) tions can be found in Chapters 2 and 3. and a record is made of the detention.) It must be remembered that the object of this 2. Juveniles taken into custody or arrested but data set is to collect data on persons arrested, not merely warned and released without being on charges lodged. For example, a person may be charged. arrested on several charges in connection with the same incident; in this situation, only one set of Data on persons taken into custody for other arrestee data would be reported, again, if the jurisdictions should not be reported by the arrest­ offenses involved were in connection with one ing agency. The agency for whom the arrest was incident. Likewise, one person may be arrested made, i.e., the jurisdiction where the offense oc­ many timesduring a giventimespanforsimilar or curred, will report the arrestee data, and thus, different violations withinajurisdiction. Because duplication in reporting will be avoided. Most of a separation of time between the arrests, a set agencies will, of course, maintain a separate re­ of arrestee data is to be reportedfor each separate cord of such arrests for administrative use. arrest. Again, more than one charge could be lodged during the individual arrests, but only one GROUP B ARREST REPORTS set of arrestee data would be reported for each Because ofthe different natures of Group A and crimeincident. Group B offenses, not all details required for The arrestee data to be reported describe the Group A Incident Reports are requested for arrestee (e.g., his/her age, sex, race, etc.) and the Group B Arrest Reports. As previously stated circumstances of the arrest. Data are to be re­ (See Chapters 1 & 4), ONLY arrestee data are corded for each of the (up to 99) arrestees in­ required for Group B crimes. Hence, ONLY the volvedineachincident.Iftherewereno arrestees, designated information in this chapter, along with no report is required. The FBI will automatically the appropriate ORI (See Chapter 5), relate to clear Group A crime incidents upon the receipt of Group B Arrest Reports. No other information the first set ofdata for anyarrestee connectedwith need be supplied for Group B offenses. Indica­ anincident. tions of whether information isto be submitted for Record arrest data on all persons processed by Group A and Group B offenses or onlyfor Group arrest, citation, or summons for committing an A offenses are shown below. offense within the reporting jurisdiction. Include;

55 ARRESTEE (SEQUENCE) NUMBER On-View Arrest - taken into custody without a (Groups A & B) warrant or previous incident report Each arrestee reported in a Group A Incident Summoned/Cited - not taken into custody Report or a Group B Arrest Report is to be Taken Into Custody - based on warrant and/or assigned a sequence number from 01 to 99. In previously submitted incident report Group A Incident Reports, a separate set of ar­ restee data is to be supplied for each numbered Example (1): A female was arrested without a arrestee. A separate Group B Arrest Report is to warrant while in the act of soliciting for prostitu­ be supplied for each person arrested for a Group tion on a street corner. The report would he "00­ B offense. View Arrest."

Example: If two persons were arrested for the Example (2): A man was summoned to appear commission of a robbery, one arrestee would be in court. The report would be "Sum­ numbered as "01" and the other "02:' maned/Cited."

Example (3): A suspect was taken into custody ARREST (TRANSACTION) NUMBER as the result of a complaint being filed, an investi­ (Groups A & B) gation being conducted, and a warrant being is­ This number is assigned by your agency to an sued. The report should be "Taken Into Custody." arrest report to identify it uniquely. It may be the Incident Number relating to the arrest or a sepa­ MULTIPLE ARRESTEE SEGMENTS rate arrest transaction number. It is assigned by INDICATOR (Group A Only) the reporting agency and is used solely to identify This information helps ensure that an arrestee the arrest and link it with other reports. The num­ (person) is counted only once when a single ap­ ber may be up to 12 characters in length. For prehension results in the submission of arrestee Group B offenses, data about two or more arrest­ data for more than one Group A Incident Report ees can be reported under the sameArrest Trans­ for your jurisdiction. That is, the arrestee was action Number. The FBI will use the "sequence involved in more than one crime incident, and number" above to uniquely identify the arrestees. hislher arrest data are duplicated in each Group A Incident Report. In such situations, "Count» Ifand when data about an arrestarefumished to arrestee is to be recorded in one set of arrestee an authorized entity for research purposes, the Ar­ data. "Multiple" is recorded in all other Group A rest (Transaction) Number will be encrypted by the Incident Reports containing data on this arrestee. FBIpriorto its dissemination to ensure the recipient cannot identify the actual case. An agency may choose to encrypt the number before sending it to Example: After a suspect's arrest for robbery, the FBI. The only requirement is that the arrest be it was learned that he was also the perpetrator of identifiable by the agency within itsfiles in the event five additional robberies within thejurisdiction.A questions concerning a data submission arise. set of arrestee data should be reported for each of the six robberies. Five should have "Multiple" and ARREST DATE (Groups A & B) one "Count" arrestee. The month, day, and year (MM/DD/YYYY) the arrest took place are to be reported. This process will, again, allow theFBI to identify that one arrestee is involved in multiple Group A Example: If an arrest was made on July 23, offenses and only count the arrestee (person) 1991, the report would be "07/23/1991." once. Any of the six arrestee segments will result in clearing a Group A offense if no other earlier TYPE OF ARREST (Groups A & B) arrests were made in connection with the inci­ Describe the type of apprehension (at the time dents. of initial contact with the arrestee) by selecting one of the following: 56 ARREST OFFENSE CODE (Groups A & B) Up to two of the following weapon types can be The three-digit NlBRS Offense Code of the recorded: offense for which the arrestee was apprehended is to be reported. There are 57 possible codes, as Unarmed the perpetrator may have been arrested for any of Fireann - type unknown the 46 Group A offenses or any of the 11 Group B Handgun crime categories. See pages 30-32 for a listing of Rifle the UCR Offense Codes. Shotgun Usually there is only one crime classification Other Firearm - type known, but not covered by involved in an arrest. If the arrestee was appre­ allowed categories, e.g., machine gun hended for more than one offense, the reporting Lethal Cutting Instrument - e.g., switchblade agency is to determine which was the most serious knife offense and report it as the arrest offense. The Club/Blackjack/Brass Knuckles Offense Lookup Table in this book's Appendix will assist as a general guide in determining Example (1): When apprehended, an arrestee whether the arrest offense is a Group A or Group had in his possession a .357-magnum handgun and B offense. A Group B offense code can be re­ a penknife. The handgun should be reported. Be­ corded even for Group A Incident Reports, as cause the small pocket knife is not generally con­ long as the Group B offense was in the view of the sidered to be a "weapon," it does not qualify for reporting agency the most serious arrest offense. reporting. Remember, any arrest (regardless of arrest of­ fense reported) made in connection with a Group Example (2): A suspect resisted arrest using a A incident will result in its clearance. liquor bottle and a chair as weapons before being subdued. The report should be "unarmed." Al­ Example (1): A perpetrator was arrested for though the arrestee used items as weapons, they both. robbery and murder. The code for Murder were not commonly known weapons. and Nonnegligent Manslaughter, "09A," should be reported as the arrest offense. Example (3): If an arrestee was armed with an automatic assault rifle when apprehended, the Example (2): An arrest was made for Driving report would be "Automatic Rifle." Under the Influence (DUI), a Group B offense. It was subsequently determined that the arrestee AGE OF ARRESTEE (Groups A & B) was wanted for a previously reported robbery. The The age of the arrestee is to be reported either arrest data would be reported in connection with as an exact number of years, a range of years, or the GroupA Incident Report, relating to the rob­ as unknown. Record one ofthe following: bery, but the arrest offense code would be "90D" or DUL No Group B Arrest Report would be 01 to 98 Years Old - report the exact age required. 99 - Over 98 Years Old 00- Unknown ARRESTEE WAS ARMED WITH (Groups A & B) Example (1): If the arrestee was 23 years old, Indicate whether the arrestee was armed with a report "23." commonly known weapon at the time of his/her apprehension. Up to two weapons can be re­ If the exact age of the arrestee is unknown, an ported. age range can be reported. Any range of years is If the weapon was an automatic firearm, an acceptable. "Automatic" is to be appended to the weapon type. An "automatic firearm" is defined as any Example (2): An arrestee refused to give his firearm which shoots, or is designed to shoot, date of birth but appeared to be 35 to 40 years old. more than one shot at a time by a single pull ofthe A valid report would be "35 to 40" years old. trigger without manual reloading.

57 SEX OF ARRESTEE (Groups A & B) enforcement agencies should base their The sex of the arrestee is to be indicated: determinations of residency on the town, city, or community where the crime occurred rather than Male their broader geographical jurisdictions. Female The allowed categories are:

"Unknown" cannot be reported for sex of the Resident arrestee. Nonresident Unknown RACE OF ARRESTEE (Groups A & B) Use onlyone ofthe followingto indicate the race Example (1): The crime occurred in Phoenix, of the arrestee: Arizona, and the arrestee maintained legal resi­ dence in that city. The report would be "Resi­ White dent." Black American Indian!Alaskan Native Example (2): An offense took place in the Asian/Pacific Islander District of Columbia, but the arrestee maintained Unknown legal residence in Alexandria, Virginia. Report "Nonresident," The definitions ofthe racial designations appear in Chapter 8 on page 48. DISPOSITION OF ARRESTEE UNDER 18 (Groups A & B) ETHNICITY OF ARRESTEE (Groups A & B) The information to be reported in this category relates to law enforcement disposition ofjuveniles NOTE: This is "optional" data. Recording (age 17 or younger only) who are taken into cus­ ethnic origin is at the discretion of the reporting tody or arrested. An adult is usually held for pros­ agency. ecution for some charge or is released for future handling in court. However, ajuvenile, depending For each arrestee, the ethnic origin is to be on the seriousness of the offense and the recorded as one of the following: offender's prior criminal record, may be warned by the police and released to parents, relatives, Hispanic friends, or guardians. Juveniles may also be re­ Not of Hispanic Origin ferred to the probation department or some other Unknown branch of the juvenile court; to welfare agencies; to otherlawenforcement agencies;or in the case See Chapter 8,page 48,for a discussion ofethnic of serious offenders, to criminal or adult court by origin. waiver ofjuvenile court. The word "arrest" as it applies to juveniles is RESIDENT STATUS OF ARRESTEE intended to mean the law enforcement handling (Groups A & B) of all juveniles (under age 18) who have commit­ ted a crime and are taken into custody under such NOTE: This is "optional" data. Recording circumstances that, if the juvenile were an adult, arrestee residency is at the discretion of the re­ an arrest would have been reported. Police "con­ porting agency. tacts" with juveniles where no offense has been committed and instances wherein juveniles are Record whether the arrestee was a resident or taken into custody for their own protection should nonresident of the locality where the crime oc­ not be recorded as arrests. curred. A resident is a person who maintains One of the following is to be reported only for his/her permanent home for legal purposes in the arrestees under 18 years of age: locality (i.e., town, city, or community) where the crime took place. Federal, state, and county law

58 Handled Within Department - e.g., released to summoned, cited, or notified to appear before a parents; released withwarning juvenile or youth court or similar authority for a Referred to OtherAuthorities - e.g., turned over violation of the law should likewise be reported as to juvenile court, probation department, welfare an arrest. agency, other police agency, criminal or adult It must be emphasized that only violations by court young persons where some police or official ac­ tion is taken beyond a mere interview, warning, or Example (1): The arrestee, age 13,who is taken admonishment should be reported. For example, into custody for vandalizing a school, is released children playing ball in the street who are in­ to his parents with a warning. The report would be structed by an officer to go to the playground for "Handled Within Department." such activity would not be counted as "arrested" any more than would an adult who is only warned Example (2): The arrestee, age 17, who is against burning leaves on a windy day. Do not arrested for murder, is turnedover to adultcourt include those situations whereyoung persons have to be tried as an adult. The report would be "Re­ committed no violation but are taken into custody ferred to OtherAuthorities." because their welfare is endangered. "Callbacks" or "followup contacts" with young offenders by Juvenile Arrest Reporting officers for the purpose of determining their prog­ For purposes of Uniform Crime Reporting, a ress shouldnotbe counted as "arrests." It is useful juvenile should be counted as "arrested" when the to understand that statistics are being gathered to circumstances are such that if he or she were an measure law enforcement problems, not juvenile adult, an arrest would be reported. Juvenile ar­ court activity. rests should be reported under the classification Identities of individuals are not involved in the of the offense for which they were taken into Uniform Crime Reports collection for statistical custody. For example, if a juvenile is arrested for purposes. Therefore, laws or regulations pertain­ committing an offense of larceny, the arrest of­ ing to the confidential treatment of the identity of fense should be reported as Larceny/Theft, even juvenile offenders do not preclude the collection though the technical charge is "juvenile delin­ of arrest information for UCR purposes or an quency." Arrests should not be reported in cases agency's administrative use. of: In a situation where juvenile records are not readily available because they are kept in a juve­ 1. police "contacts" with juveniles where no nile bureau, youth bureau, or other special office, offense was committed; or statistical compilation problems involving juve­ 2. juveniles taken into custody for their own niles can normally be resolved in one of the fol­ protection but no crime was committed (e.g., ne­ lowing ways: glect cases). 1. The "arrest" report (or copy) can be routed Two of the Group B offenses are Curfew/Loiter­ by juvenile or youth offices through the main re­ ingiVagrancy Violations and Runaway. Except cords operation so that the necessary information for these two offenses, violations of local juvenile can be retrieved. acts should be included in the All Other Offenses 2. A statistical slip showing the required NIBRS classification. Not only should "arrests" in the information but not the name canberouted to the usual sense be included, but any situation where a employee who prepares NIBRS arrestee reports. young person, in lieu of an actual arrest, is

59 Chapter 11

LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED OR ASSAULTED

The form entitled "Law Enforcement Officers administered by the U. S. Department of Justice Killed or Assaulted" (LEOKA) is to be used by for local, state, and Federal officers. These pro­ agencies to report line-of-duty felonious or acci­ grams provide benefits to survivors of law enforce­ dental killings of and assaults on sworn law en­ ment officers killed in the line of duty, as well as forcement officers. If no officers are killed or disability benefits for officers suffering duty-re­ assaulted during a given month, this for;" need not lated injuries. Either can be contacted directlyfor be submitted. information. The addresses and telephone num­ The section, "Officers Killed," relates to sworn bers are: officers with full arrest powers killed in the line of duty. The number of officers slain by felonious Office of Workers' Compensation Programs acts and those killed by accident or negligence United States Department of Labor should be entered. Do not include nonfatal as­ Post Office Box 37117 saults on officers in this portion of the form. Washington, D.C. 20013 Once notified of an officer's death, the FBI will (202) 724-0713 contact the victim officer's agency for additional details concerning the circumstances pertaining Public Safety Officers' Benefits Program to the incident. The FBI will also furnish informa­ United States Department of Justice tion on two Federal programs -a compensation Bureau of Justice Assistance program for non-Federal law enforcement offi­ 633 Indiana Avenue, Northwest cers overseen by the U. S. Department of Labor Washington, D.C. 20531 and the Public Safety Officers' Benefits Program (202) 307-0635

4-931 (Rev. 8-7-89) Form Approved OMS No. 1110-0006 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED OR ASSAULTED It is requested this report be completed and transmitted with monthly crime reports to: Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports, Washington, D. C. 20535. This form should be used to report the number of your officers who were assaulted or killed in the line of duty during the month. Additional information concerning officers killed will be requested by a separate Questionnaire.

OFFICERS KILLED I I Number of your law enforcement officers I By felonious act killed in the line of duty this month. I By accident or negligence I

61 4-931 (Rev.8-7-S9) Form Approved OMS No, 1110.0006 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED OR ASSAULTED It is requested this report be completed and transmitted with monthly crime reports to: Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports, Washington. D. C. 20535. This form should be used to report the number of your officers who were assaulted or killed in the line of duty during the month. Additional information concerning officers killed will be requested by a separate questionnaire.

OFFICERS KILLED I I Number of your law enforcement officers I By felonious act killed in the line of duty this month. I By accident or negligence I

Officers Assaulted (Do not include officers killed) - See other side for instructions. Type of Weapon Type of Assignment Knife Two- One-Officer Detective or 0' Officer Vehicle Special Assign. Other Other Otl1er Hands, Vehicle ~~ul Cutting Danger- Fists, Police by lnstru· QUs Feet, As· As· As· ~ssaul Weapo Firearm ment We~ etc. Alone sisted Alone sisted Alone ststeo Cleared Type of Activity A 8 C I} E F G H 1 J K L M 1. Responding 10 "Disturbance" calls (family Quarrels, man with gun, etc.) ......

2. Burglaries in progress or pursuing burglary suspects .. ..

3. Robberies in progress or pursuing robbery suspects ...

4. Attempting other arrests .

5. Civil disorder (riot, '!lass disobedience) .

S. Handling, transporting, custody of prisoners.

7. Investigating suspicious persons or circumstances ......

8. Ambush - no warning. ... _. . .

9. Mentally deranged.

1O. Traffic pursuits and stops .

11. All other ......

12. TOTAL (1·11) DO NOT WRITE HERE Initials 13. Number with personal injury .. Recorded Edited Punched 14. Number without personal injury . Verified AM I Adjusted 15. Time of assaults. PM I DOJ/FBI 12:01 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00

Month and Year Agency Identifier Prepared by Title

Agency State Chief, Sheriff, Commissioner, Superintendent

62 The "Officers Assaulted" portion of the form is As previously stated, a tally sheet is available to to be used for reporting assaults on sworn officers. assist with the completion of the LEOKA form. Count all assaults which resulted in serious injury Copies can be obtained by submitting a request to or in which a weapon was used which could have the Uniform Crime Reporting Program, FBI, caused serious injury or death. Other assaults not Washington, D. C. 20535. causing injury should be included if they involved more than mere verbal abuse or minor resistance Example (1): About 10:20 p.m., a plainclothes to an arrest. In other words, all assaults on officers detective, riding alone in a police vehicle, re­ with or without injuries should be included on this sponded to a "burglary-in-progress" call. While form. attempting to arrest the offender, the detective Each time an officer is assaulted in the line of was stabbed with a knife. The offender was ar­ duty, the type of activity in which the officer was rested at the scene. engaged at the time of assault should be reported. The assault is to be recorded on the appropriate To score this incident, find the section entitled line with entries to show type of weapon used, type "Type of Activity," line 2,"Burglaries in progress of assignment, if the assault has been cleared, or pursuing burglarysuspects." Moving across this whether injury resulted from the attack, and the line, place a "one" under column C, "Knife or time of occurrence. All of the entries should be Other Cutting Instrument," and under .column I, made for each assault. A "tally sheet" is available "Alone," to show that the officer assaulted was a for this purpose. detective and was unassisted. Also, under column If more than- one type of weapon is used to M, "Police Assaults Cleared," enter a "one" to commit a single assault, the weapon first encoun­ show that the offender was arrested. tered in moving from column B to column E In scoring the incident, do not place an entry should be selected. Do not enter any of the other under columns G or H in the subsection "One-Of­ different types of weapons which were used. ficer Vehicle." For each officer assaulted, only Column F (Two-Officer Vehicle) and columns one number is recorded in the most appropriate G and H (One-Officer Vehicle) pertain to uni­ columns F through L under "Type of Assign­ formed officers; columns I and J (Detective or ment." Special Assignment) to nonuniformed officers; Now add the entries on line 2, under columns and columns K andL(Other) to officers assaulted B-E, and enter the total (in this example, "one") while in other capacities, such as foot patrol, off in column A. Next, complete line 12, "Total," by duty, etc. The term "assisted" refers to law en­ bringing down the totals in each column. forcement assistance only. Remember, for each assault, either line 13 or 14 In column M (Police Assaults Cleared) count and line 15must be completed. Since the detective the number of assaults cleared, including excep­ was injured, line 13, "Number with personal in­ tional clearances as described in this handbook. jury" is the appropriate line to use. A "one" should Do not count the number of persons arrested for be entered on this line under column C to indicate such offenses. the injury was inflicted with a knife. Again, col­ The entries to be made in the personal injury umns B-E on line 13 add to "one" and this number (items 13 and 14) and time (item 15) portions of is entered under column A. On line 15, "Time of this form are self-explanatory. It is important, assaults," it is important that the total nuruber of however, that all assaults be recorded in these two officers assaulted and the times of occurrence be sections. That is, the total of the entries in these recorded appropriately. The detective in this ex­ sections should equal the total number of assaults ample was assaulted at 10:20 p.m.; therefore, the on officers for the month. time of assault should be scored in the bottomhalf, The importance of the Law Enforcement or "PM" portion, of line 15 in the block indicating Officers Killed or Assaulted data cannot be over­ the time period 10:00 to 12:00. (See the following emphasized. They are the basis of an analysis of illustration.] assaults on police officers; thus, the more com­ plete the data collected, the more valid the con­ elusions.

63 Officers Assaulted (Do not include officers killed) - See other side for instructions. Type of We.pon Type of Assignment Knife Two- One- Officer Detective or or Qff",er Vehicle Special Assign. Other Total Otl1er Other Hands, Vehicle Assaul Cutting Danger· Fists. Police by Instru- ous As- ! Feet. As· As- ~ssault Weapo Arearm ment Weapo etc. Alone sisted Alone ststed I Alone ststec Cleared Type of Activity A B C 0 E F G H I J K L M 1. Responding to "Oisturbance" calls (family quarrels, man with gun, ete.) ......

2. Burglaries in progress or pursuing burglary suspects . .. . I J I I

12. TOTAL (1-11) I I I I I I I II I I

13. Number with personal injury . . I I

14. Number without personal injury . AM I 15. lime of assaults . PM I I 12:01 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00

Example (2): To score these incidents on the LEOKA form, the top portion, "Officers Killed," must first be Incident A: Two uniformed officers on patrol completed. Enter a "one" opposite "By felonious in their cruiser responded to a robbery in progress act." The FBI will request additional information at a bank two blocks away.They were the first unit on this line-of-duty death (Incident A) upon being to arrive at approximately 2:30 p.m, as three notified. armed subjects with weapons drawn exited the Next, the assaults occurring in the two incidents bank. A brief exchange of gunfire ensued during must be recorded in the lower portionof the form. which one officer was killed and the other shot in In Incident A, the assault on the partner who the leg. Although one subject was wounded and received theleg wound is scored by first determin­ apprehended at the scene, the other two escaped ing the "Type of Activity," in this case, line 3, in their getaway car. "Robberies in progress or pursuing robbery sus­ pects." On this line enter a "one" under column B Incident B: At 10:17 a.m., an officer alone in a to show the weapon used was afirearm; a "one" police car answered a call from a Woman threat­ in column F, "Two-Officer Vehicle," to show the ened by her husband. An off-duty officer who "Type ofAssignment"; and a "one" in column M, lived nearby went to assist the responding officer. indicating the assault has been cleared by the As the two officers attempted to talk to the man, arrest of at least one offender. Since the officer he became enraged and wielding a hammer and a was injured, line 13 is chosen and a "one" entered knife attacked both officers. While subduing the in column B, again indicating the weapon used. individual and wresting the weapons from him, Line 15 is completed by recording a "one" in the one of the officers suffered a serious knife wound. lower half, or "PM" portion, of the line in the The man was subsequently arrested. block between 2:00 and 4:00.

64 The same procedure is used to score Incident B 13 record a "one" under column C to show the in which two officers were assaulted. Line 1, "Re­ officer receiving the knife wound and a "one" sponding to 'Disturbance' calls," describes the under the same column of line 14 to indicate the type of activity. Although more than one weapon uninjured officer. Finally, record the time of as­ was employed, the knife is the weapon recorded sault byplacing a"two" in the upper half, or "AM" since it is encountered first when moving from portion, ofline 15 in the block between 10:00and column B to column E. Continuing on line 1 to 12:00. show both officers' assignments, a "one" is en­ Suppose these were the only officers assaulted tered under column H denoting one victim in a for the month. Complete the form by adding all one-officer vehicle but assisted by the off-duty columnsB-E, lines 1, 3, 13, and 14 and entering to officer and a "one" under column L to denote the totals in column A. Now add all columns down to off-duty officer was also assisted. Since the of­ line 12. The entry in line 12, column A, (3) repre­ fender was arrested, both of these assaults are sents the total number of assaults on officers for cleared and a "two" is placed in column M. the month. (See the following illustration.y Next, since there is one officer with injury and one without, both lines 13 and 14 are used. In line

4-931 (Rev. 8-7-89) Form Approved OMS No. 1110-0006 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED OR ASSAULTED It is requested this report be completed and transmitted with monthly crime reports to: Director. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports, Washington, O. C. 20535. This form should be used to report the number of your officers who were assaulted or killed in the line of duty during the month. Additional information concerning officers killed will be requested by a separate questionnaire.

OFFICERS KILLED I I Number of your, law enforcement officers I By felonious act --L- killed in the line Of duty this month. I By accident or negligence I.

Officers Assaulted (Do not include officers killed) ~ See other side for instructions. Type 01 We.pon Type of Assignment Knife Two- One-Officer Detective or or Officer Vehicle Speciaf Assign. Other Tolal Oilier Other Hands, Vehicle Assault Cutting Danoer- Fists, po~~ by lnsnu- ous Feet. As- As- As- ssa Weapon Firearm ment W~ etc. Alone -seted Alone sisted Alone sisted Cleared Type of Activity A C D E F G H I J KL M 1. Responding to "Disturbance" • calls (family quarrels, man with gun. etc.) . ... . J. J. I I J.

2. Burglaries in progress or pursuing burglary suspects •..

3. Robberies in progress or pursuing robbery suspects .. J I I I

'2. TOTAL (1-11) 3 I J. J I I I I I I I 1131

13. Number with personal injury . '} I I

'4. Number without personal injury . II AM Z I '5. TIme of assaults. PM J I 12:01 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 65 Chapter 12

OTHER UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING FORMS

LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES Civilian employees counted and reported on REPORT this form should include persons such as clerks, radio dispatchers, meter attendants, stenogra­ This form, which is sent to law enforcement phers, and mechanics provided they are all full­ agencies throughout the country on an annual time employees of the agency. Again, persons not basis, asks for a count of employees on the payroll paid from law enforcement funds should be ex­ of each agency as of October 31 of the current cluded. Do count employeeswho are on leavewith year. The primary purpose of the form is to gather pay. information relating to the number of full-time law enforcement employees, both officers and civil­ NOTE: If a small jurisdiction reports offenses ians and males and females. on a monthly basis to the sheriff's office or another The number of officers reported should consist larger agency, its officer and civilian employee of all full-time, sworn personnel with full arrest counts should be included with those of the larger powers. Include the sheriff and deputies, consta­ agency. bles, marshals, the chief and members of the po­ lice force, and other officers whose duties are to SUPPLY REQUEST enforce and preserve the public peace. Do not The Supply Request form should be used to include persons performing guard or protection order any of the forms, tallysheets, or publications duties, such as school crossing guards, special or oftheVCR Program. All supplies are available to reserve officers, merchant police, and jailers at local law enforcement agencies without cost. The state correctionalfacilities andstate prisons,who only restrictions on supply orders are that re­ are not paid from law enforcement funds. Count quests be limited to reasonable amounts and that only city and county jailers if they are full-time the material be used as a part of the law enforce­ employees and their salaries are paid out of law ment agency's function. enforcement funds. If the county sheriff has a Included on the Supply Request form are VCR separate budget for the operation of the jail, and reporting forms and tally sheets for the summary although the jailers may be sworn personnel but reporting system, as well as forms that are avail­ do not engage in otherlawenforcementfunctions, able to law enforcement for the exclusive purpose such as patrol, they should not be included in the of maintaining law enforcement records systems count for this form. to accommodate summary reporting. Agencies participating in NIBRS will not need these forms.

67 4-9163 (ReI!. 8-7-89) Form Approved OMS No. 1110-0004

NUMBER OF FULL-TIME LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEES AS OF OCTOBER 31

This report is authorized by law Title 28, Section 534, United States Code. While you are not required to respond. your cooperation in using this form to report aI/law enforcement employees on the payroll of your law enforcement agency as of October 3 1. will assist the FBI in compiling comprehensive accurate data on a timely basis.

Male Female I Total 1 . Futl-tlme law enforcement etueeee . Include all full-time sworn law enforcement officers who were on your department's payroll as of October 31 and who work your normal full-time workweek. Include the I Chief, Sheriff, Commissioner, Superintendent or other sworn department head. Do not count special officers, merchant police or others who are not paid from law enforcement funds.

2. suu-ume civilian emptcyeee > Include all full-time civilian employees who were on your department's payroll as of October 31 and who worked your normal full-time workweek. Include clerks, stenographers, mechanics, etc., who do not have police powers. Do not count school crossing guards. Do not count employees not paid from police funds.

3. Total full-time law enforcement employees - Enter the total number of full-time law enforcement officers and civilians on the payroll of your department as of October 31 . This should be the total of line 1 and line 2.

Date

Prepared by Title

Sheriff, Chief, or Commanding Officer

r DO NOT WRITE HERE Agency Recorded _ Edited 1 City Entered _ State Adjusted _ Corres.

Fel/OOJ

68 4-929 (Aev. 2-3-92)

Supply Request Uniform CrimeReports Federal Bureau of Investigation UnitedStatesDepartment of Justice Washington, D.C. 20535

Number Forms Quantity 4-927 Return A Monthly Return of Offenses Known to Police 4-918 Supplementary Homicide Report 4-924 Age, sex, and Race of Persons Arrested 18 Years of Age and Over 4-924a Age, Sex, and Race of Persons Arrested Under 18 Years of Age 4-931 Law Enforcement Officers Killed or Assaulted 4-933 Monthly Return of Arson Offenses Known to Law Enforcement 4-934 Zero Uniform Crime Reports 4-916 Number of Full-Time Law Enforcement Employees

4-920 Tally Book, Return A and Supplementary Record of Offenses 4-925 Tally Sheet for Age, Sex, and Race of Persons Arrested 4-931a Tally Sheet for Law Enforcement Officers Killed or Assaulted

4-922 Register of Persons Charged (Arrest Sheet) 4-923 Register of Incidents/Offenses (Daily Log) 4-921 Report of Offenses Committed During Month 4-914 Consolidated Daily Report 4-913 Consolidated Monthly Report 4-913a Consolidated Monthly Report Traffic Summary

4-929 Supply Request Publications Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook (Summary Edition) Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook (NIBRS Edition) Manual of Law Enforcement Records Current Annual "Crime in the U.S." Current Semiannual "Uniform Crime Reports" Current "Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted" NIBRS: Volt - Data Collection Guidelines Vol 2 - Data Submission Specifications Vol 3 - Approaches to Implementing NIBRS Vol 4 - Error Manual Hate Crime: Data Collection Guidelines Training Guide

Agency ~ _

PostOffice Boxor Street Address ------

City and State ~ Zip Code _

FBI! DOJ

69 Chapter 13

STATISTICAL TOOLS FOR DECISIONMAKING

A primary goal of V niform Crime Reports is to the officially and publicly established crime provide reliable crime data to facilitate the crimi­ record. naljustice decisionmaking process. VCR dataare funneled through decisionmakers who take the CRIME AND ARREST RATES information, digest it, and make decisions that will Crime rates are indicators of reported crime ultimately have an impact on the criminaljustice activity standardized by population. They are community and the public-at-large. With the ad­ more refined indicatorsfor comparativepurposes vent of NIBRS, with its enhanced data base, re­ than are volume figures. The VCR Program pro­ .searchers, decisionmakers, and other consumers vides varioustypes of rates. of crime statistics are offered a refined tool for A crime rate,defined as the number of offenses measuringcriminalactivity. per 100,000population, is derived by first dividing The law enforcement community has an ever­ a jurisdiction's population by 100,000 and then increasing need for timely and accurate data for a dividing the number of offenses by the resulting variety of purposes such as planning, budget for­ figure. mulation,resource allocation, internalassessment of police performance, and the evaluation of ex­ Example: perimental programs. This chapter will focus on a. Population for jurisdiction, 75,000 the use, method of computation, and limitations b. Number of known burglariesJB&E for juris­ of basic crime indicators employed by the VCR diction for a year, 215 Program. These indicators can aid law enforce­ ment administrators in the performance of their Divide 75,000 by 100,000 = .75 duties and serve as forerunners for the im­ Divide 215 by .75 = 226.7 plementation of more sophisticated analytical The burglarylB&E rate is 226.7 per 100,000 tools. inhabitants. Volume, rate, and trend are basic crime indicators used in the VCR Program. Each statis­ The number .75 can now be divided into the tic provides a different perspective of the crime totals of any offense category to produce a crime experience known to law enforcement officials. rate for that offense. The same procedure may be used to obtain arrest rates per 100,000inhabitants. VOLUME Crime volume is a basic indicator regardingthe CLEARANCE RATES frequency of known criminal activity. In analyzing A clearance rate differs conceptually from a offense data, the user should be aware that a VCR crime or arrest rate in that both numerator and volume indicator does not represent the actual denominator constitute the same unit of count number of crimes committed; rather, itrepresents (i.e., crimes). Unlike a crime or arrest rate, a 71 clearance rate represents percentage data. A b. Commercial Burglary - The number of clearance rate is, therefore, equivalent to the per­ commercial establishments centage of crimes cleared. number of The percentage of crimes cleared by arrest and commercial burglaries exceptional means (i.e., clearance rate) is ob­ Rate = number of commercial X 100,000 tained first by dividing the number of offenses establishments cleared bythe number of offenses known and then multiplying the resulting figure by 100. c. Residential Burglary - The number of Example: residences a. Number of clearances in robbery, 38 number of b. Number of total robberies, 72 residential burglaries Rate = number of residences X 100,000 Divide 38 by 72 = .528 Multiply .528by l{)O = 52.8 percent d. Motor Vehicle Theil - The number of motor The clearance rate for robbery is 52.8 percent. vehicle thefts per 100,000registered vehicles

LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEE RATES number of Law enforcement employee rates are expressed motor vehicle thefts as the number of employees per 1,000inhabitants. Rate = number of registered X 100,000 To compute such a rate, divide the jurisdiction's vehicles population by 1,000 and divide the number of See the publication series, Population-at-Risk employees in the law enforcement agency by this Rates and Selected Crime Indicators, Uniform number; Crime Reporting Program, for more detailed in­ Example: formation. a. The jurisdiction's population, 75,000 b. The agency's number of employees, 102 CRIME TRENDS Crime trend datafrom one periodto the next are Divide 75,000by 1,000 = 75 presented in Crime in the United States and other Divide 102by 75 ~ 1.36 UCR publications. A crime trend represents the The employee rate is 1.36 employees per 1,000 percentage change in crime based on data re­ inhabitants. ported in a prior equivalent period. These statis­ tics playa prominent role. Trends can be POPULATION-AT-RISK RATES computed for any time. frame, such as months, Another commonly computed crime indicator is quarters, or years. UCR frequently refers to two a population-at-risk rate. In essence, a popula­ types of trend statistics: volume trends and tion-at-risk is a refined crime rate measured in crime/arrest rate trends. Agencies can compute units that are most inclined to be victimized. The trends for a given offense for any period of time. burglary rate based on the gross number of inhab­ Trend computation requires two numbers itants may not be as accurate as a population-at­ representing the two comparable time frames. In risk rate based on the number of units subject to the example below, (earlier) represents the crime be burglarized (residences and/or commercial es­ volume or rate for the first periodor earlier period tablishments). Below are some of the common of comparison, and (later) represents the corre­ indicators of population-at-risk rates for different sponding crime volume or rate for the second offenses: period or later period of comparison. The trend is computed by first subtracting (earlier) from a. Female Rape - The number of females 12 and (later), then dividing the difference by (earlier), older and finally by multiplying the quotient by 100. In number of rapes terms of formula: Rate = number of females X 100,000 12 and older (later) - (earlier) Percent change = (earlier) X 100 72 Example: COMMUNITY TYPES a. Murders in the jurisdiction for January VCR data are often presented in aggregations through June, last year, 21, i.e., (earlier) = 21. representing three types of communities: b. Murders in the jurisdiction for January through June, this year, 29, i.e., (later) = 29. 1. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) Subtract: (earlier) from (later): Each MSA includes a centralcity of at least50,000 people or an urbanized areaof at least50,000. The 29 county containing the central city and other con­ -21 tiguous counties having strong economic and so­ 8 cial ties to the central city and county are also included. Counties in an MSA are designated Notice that "8" is a positive changefrom the past "suburban" for UCR purposes. An MSA may year. cross state lines. The MSA concept facilitates the Divide 8 by 21 = .381 analysis and presentation of uniform statistical Always divide the difference by the earlier time data on metropolitan areas by establishing report­ period. ing units which represent major population cen­ Multiply .381 by 100 = 38.1 percent ters. The volume trend in murder is an increase of 2. Cities OutsideMSAs • Cities outside ofMSAs 38.1 percent for the first 6 months of this year as are mostly incorporated. compared to the first 6 months of last year. Note 3. Rnral Counties Outside MSAs· Rural that there can never be a decline of more than 100 counties outside ofMSAs are comprised of mostly percent. Also, if the figure for an earlier period is unincorporated areas. Law enforcement agencies zero, a trend computation cannot be made. in ruralcounties cover areas that are not under the This same computation will yield rate trends if jurisdiction of city police departments. rate figures are substituted for volume figures in the above formula. Thefollowing is an illustration of the community types: CAVEAT ON DATA USAGE When analyzing VCR statistics, direct agency­ to-agency comparisons should be guarded against. Such comparisons could be misleading unless demographic differences betweenjurisdic­ tions are taken intoaccount. Every community has MSA NON·MSA a unique social, ethnic, and economic configura­ tion which may affect its crime statistics. These Central Cities dissimilarities may bias the results of any compar­ 50,000 and Over Cities ative analysis between agencies. A jurisdiction's CITIES Outside crime situation is complex and cannot always be Suburban Metropolitan treated superficially as it might be in direct Cities Areas ageocy-to-agency comparisons. In general, the decision to use any indicator for COUNTIES Suburban Rural analysis purposes must be made with care. The (including Counties Counties UCR indicators discussed previously have utility unincorporated for law enforcement administrators; however, areas) they must be used with caution. No single indica­ tor is a panacea for crime analysis. Instead, deci­ sions that law enforcement administrators are called upon to make require a multifaceted ana­ lytical approach.

73 POPULATION Midwestern States The population group classification used by the UCR Program is as follows: East North Central West North Central Illinois Iowa Population Political Population Indiana Kansas Group Label Range Michigan Minnesota Ohio Missouri I City 250,000 and over Wisconsin Nebraska II City 100,000 to 249,999 North Dakota III City 50,000 to 99,999 South Dakota IV City 25,000 to 49,999 V City 10,000 to 24,999 Southern States VI City Less than 10,000 VIII(Rural) County N/A South Atlantic East South Central IX(Suburban) County N/A Delaware Alabama District of Columbia Kentucky REGIONS AND DIVISIONS Florida Mississippi Geographically, the United States is comprised Georgia Tennessee of four regions: the Northeastern States, the Mid­ Maryland westernStates, the Southern States, and the West­ North Carolina West South Central ern States. These regions are further divided into South Carolina Arkansas nine divisions. The following delineates the re­ Virginia Louisiana gional, divisional, and state configuration of the West Virginia Oklahoma country. Texas

Northeastern States Western States

New England Middle Atlantic Mountain Pacific Connecticut New Jersey Arizona Alaska Maine New York Colorado California Massachusetts Pennsylvania Idaho Hawaii New Hampshire Montana Oregon Rhode Island Nevada Washington Vermont New Mexico Utah Wyoming

74 Appendix

OFFENSE LOOKUP TABLE

DESCRIPTION OF LOOKUP TABLE reported, as forced sexual intercourse is not an This offense lookup table has been compiled to element of the crime of robbery. assist in determiningwhether a crime is a Group A or Group B offense. This is an important dis­ HOW TO CLASSIFY OFFENSES OF tinction because administrative, offense, prop­ GENERAL APPLICABILITY erty,victim, offender, and arrestinformationis to Offenses prefixed by be reported for Group A crimes, and only arrest data are recorded for Group B offenses. Accessory Before/After The Fact; The table should not be used to determine what Aiding!Abetting; offenses were involvedina criminalincident.Such Conspiracy to Commit; a determination must have already been made. Facilitation of; After the offenses have been classified, the table Solicitation to Commit; is to be used to ascertain whether the offenses are Threat to Commit; Etc.; within Group A or Group B. The table does not include all of the offenses which can possibly are offenses of General Applicability. If they occur. Therefore, it should be used as a "general involve a Group A offense, they should be re­ guide." ported as the Group B offense "90Z" (All Other Care should be taken to identify all offenses Offenses). Ifthey involvea Group B offense, they involved in a particular criminal incident. For ex­ should be reported according to their own Group ample, forcible rape might be accompanied bythe B offense category. crimes of motor vehicle theft and kidnaping. A notational reminder of "Other offenses mayhave "Attempts to Commit" (i.e., attempted crimes) been committed" has been included for some of are to be reported the same as the substantive the crimes which are most likely to involve com­ offense, with "Attempted" indicated on the of­ panion offenses. fense report. Remember, attempted murders Care must also be taken to ensure that each should be reported as Aggravated Assaults, and offense which is reported is a separate, distinct all assaults are to be reported as "Completed." crime and not just a part of another offense. For example, every robbery includes some type of as­ Example (1): Three members of a motorcycle sault; but because the assault is an element which gang were arrested for conspiracy to commit mur­ makes up the crime of robbery, only Robbery der. Three Group B Arrest Reports should be should be reported. However, if during a robbery submitted with the VCR Arrest Offense Code the victim was forced to engage in sexual relations, entered as "90Z" (All Other Offenses). both Robbery and Forcible Rape should be

75 Example (2): Five liquor store owners were Aiding and AbettingIB/All Other Offenses arrested for conspiring to avoid paying local li­ (if Group A offense involved) or applicable quor taxes. Five Group B Arrest Reports should Group B offense (if Group B offense involved) be submitted with the VCR Arrest Offense Code Aiding Prisoner to EscapelB/All Other entered as "90G" (Liquor Law Violations). Offenses Air Piracy-Hijacking!A'Kidnaping-Abduction; Example (3): A witness observed and scared Robbery; etc. away two unknown teenagers who were trying to Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Laws/ set fire to an abandoned building in the inner city. BiLiquor Law Violations A Group A Incident Report should be submitted Antitrust Law Violations/B/All Other Offenses indicating the VCR Offense Code as "200" Arson/NArson (Arson) and that the offense was "Attempted." Assault/NAssault Offenses Assault, Aggravated/NAssault Offenses OFFENSE LOOKUP TABLE Assault and Battery/NAssault Offenses Various types of crime have been listed in the Assault, Minor/N Assault Offenses lookup table, followed first by whether they are Assault, SexuaVN(Classify as Forcible Rape, within Group A or Group B and next by the Sodomy, or Fondling; Sexual Assault With applicable NIBRS crime category. For example, An Object; or Statutory Rape) the crime of "Abduction" is listed as a Group A Assault, Simple/N Assault Offenses offense covered by the crime category "Kidnap­ Assembly, Vnlawful/B/All Other Offenses ing-Abduction." As the table does not include all Automatic Teller Machine Fraud/NFraud of the crimeswhich can occur, the determination Offenses of whether an unlisted crime is a Group A or B offense will be a judgment call by the reporting - B- agency. Traffic offenses (e.g., parking and moving violations) are not to be reported except for Driv­ Bad Checks/B/Bad Checks ing While Intoxicated; Hit and Run (of a person) Battery/NAssault Offenses and Vehicular Manslaughter. BeggingIB/Curfew-Loitering-Vagrancy Violations OFFENSE/GROUP A OR B/COVERED BY Bestiality/B/All Other Offenses Betting, VnlawfuVNGambling Offenses -A- Bigamy/B/All Other Offenses Blackmail/A/Extortion-Blackmail Abandonment/B/Family Offenses, Nonviolent Blasphemy/B/Disorderly Conduct Abduction/AlKidnaping-Abduction Blue Law Violations/BrAll Other Offenses Abortion/B/All Other Offenses Boating Law Violations/B/All Other Offenses Abuse, Nonviolent/BlFamily Offenses, Bomb Threat/NAssault Offenses Nonviolent or All Other Offenses (Intimidation) Accessory After the Fact/B/All Other Offenses Bombing Offenses/A'(Classify same as Accessory Before the FactlB/All Other substantive offense, e.g., Homicide; Offenses (if Group A offense involved) or Aggravated or Simple Assault; Destruction­ applicable Group B offense (if Group B Damage-Vandalism of Property; Weapon offense involved) Law Violations) Accosting!B/All Other Offenses Bookmaking!NGambling Offenses Adulterated Food, Drugs, or Cosmetics/B/All Breaking and Entering (B&E)/N Other Offenses (Other offenses may have Burglary-B&E been committed,e.g., Homicide;Aggravated Bribery/A/Bribery or Simple Assault; Fraud; etc.) Bribery, Sports/NGambling Offenses Adultery/B/All Other Offenses (Sports Tampering) Affray/BJDisorderly Conduct Buggery (Consensual Sodomy)/B/All Other Offenses

76 OFFENSE/GROUP A OR B/ COVERED BY Contempt of Court/B/All Other Offenses Burglary/AIBurglary-B&E Contract FraudiAIFraud Offenses Burglary Tools, PossessingIB/All Other Contributing to the Delinquency of a Minor/ Offenses B/All Other Offenses (Other offenses may Buying Stolen Property/A/Stolen Property have been committed, e.g., Pornography­ Offenses Obscene Material; Prostitution; Liquor Law Violations; etc.) - C- Conversion!A or B/Ciassify as Embezzlement; Trespass of Personal Property, etc.) Canvassing, IllegaVB/AlI Other Offenses CorruptConduct byJuror/B/All OtherOffenses Card Game, UnlawfuVA/Gambling Offenses (Other offenses may have been committed, Carrying Concealed Weapon!AlWeapon e.g., Bribery; False Statement) Law Violations Counterfeiting!A/Counterfeiting-Forgery Checks, Bad/B/Bad Checks Credit Card Fraud/A'Fraud Offenses Checks, Fraudulent/B/Bad Checks Criminal DefamationiB/All Other Offenses Checks, Insufficient Funds/B/Bad Checks Criminal Libel/BzAll Other Offenses Child Abuse, Nonviolent/BlFamily Criminal Slander/B/All Other Offenses Offenses, Nonviolent Cruelty to Animal(s)/B/All Other Offenses Child Abuse, Violent/A/Assault Offenses Cruelty to Children, Nonviolent/B/Family Child Cruelty, Nonviolent/B/Family Offenses, Offenses, Nonviolent; or All Other Offenses Nonviolent Cruelty to Children, Violent/A/Assault Child Cruelty, Violent/A/Assault Offenses Offenses Child Molesting!A/Sex Offenses, Forcible Curfew Violations/B/Curfew-Loitering­ Child Neglect/BlFamily Offenses, Nonviolent Vagrancy Violations Civil Rights Violations/B/All Other Offenses (Report predicate offenses, e.g., Arson; -0- Murder; Aggravated Assault) Combinations in Restraint of Trade/By Damage Property/A/Destruction-Damage- All Other Offenses Vandalism of Property Commercialized Sex/(Classify as Prostitution Deception!AlFraud Offenses Offenses; Pornography-Obscene Material; or Defamation, CriminaVB/All Other Offenses All Other Offenses) Desecrating the Flag/Not a Crime Commercialized Vice/(Classify as Prostitution DesertioniBlFamily Offenses, Nonviolent Offenses; Pornography-Obscene Material; or Destroying Evidence/B/All Other Offenses All Other Offenses) Detention, Forcible/AzKidnaping-Abduction Common Drunkard/B/Drunkenness Detention, UnlawfuVAlKidnaping-Abduction Compounding a Felony or Misdemeanor/B/ Dice Game, Unlawful/A'Gambling Offenses All Other Offenses Disinterment, UnlawfuVB/All Other Offenses Computer Crime/(Classify same as substantive Disorderly ConductIB/Disorderly Conduct offense, e.g., Larceny-Theft; Embezzlement) Disturbing the Peace/B/Disorderly Conduct Concealed Weapon!AlWeapon Law Violations Driving Under the Influence (DUI)/B/Driving Conditional Release Violation/ByAll Other Under the Influence Offenses Driving While Intoxicated (DWI)/B/Driving Confidence Game/AIFraud Offenses Under the Influence Conflict ofinterest/B/All Other Offenses DrugEquipment Violations/A/Drug-Narcotic Consensual Sodomy/B/All Other Offenses Offenses Conservation (Environment or Ecology) Drug Offenses/A/Drug-Narcotic Offenses Laws/A or B/All Other Offenses Drug Paraphernalia Offenses/A/Drug-Narcotic Conspiracy to Commit/B/All Other Offenses Offenses (if Group A offense involved) or applicable Drunk/B/Drunkenness Group B offense (if Group B offense involved) Drunk and Disorderly/B/Drunkenness 77 OFFENSE/ GROUP A OR B/ COVERED BY Firearms Violations/NWeapon Law Violations Drunkard, Common/B/Drunkenness (other offenses may have been committed, Drunkard, HabituaVB/Drunkenness e.g., Aggravated Assault; Robbery; Disorderly Drunkenness/B/Drunkenness Conduct) Fish and Game Law Violations/B/All Other -E- Offenses Flight to Avoid Confinement, Custody, Giving Eavesdropping/B/All Other Offenses Testimony, or Prosecution/B/All Other Ecology Law Violations/B/All Other Offenses Offenses Election Law Violations/BzAll Other Offenses Fondling, Forcible/NSex Offenses, Forcible Embezzlement/A/Embezzlement Forcible Detention!NKidnaping-Abduction Entry, Forcible/NBurglary-B&E Forcible Entry/A/Burglary-B&E Entry, Nonforcible/A/Burglary-B&E Forcible Rape/NSex Offenses, Forcible Entry, UnlawfullA/Burglary-B&E Forgery/NCounterfeiting-Forgery Environment Law Violations/B/All Other Fornication (consensual)/B/All Other Offenses Offenses FraudlA/Fraud Offenses Equipment, Drug/NDrug-Narcotic Offenses Fraud, Automatic Teller Machine Equipment, Gambling/NGambling Offenses (ATM)/A/Fraud Offenses Escape (Flight)/B/All Other Offenses Fraud, Contract!A/Fraud Offenses Espionage/B/All Other Offenses (Other Fraud, Credit CardlA/Fraud Offenses offenses may have been committed, e.g., Fraud, Mail/A/Fraud Offenses Burglary; Larceny-Theft) Fraud, Procurement/A/Fraud Offenses Explosives Offenses/N(Classify same as Fraud, Telephone/A/Fraud Offenses substantive offense, e.g., Homicide; Fraud, Welfare/A/Fraud Offenses Aggravated or Simple Assault; Destruction­ Fraud, Wire/A/Fraud Offenses Damage-Vandalism of Property; Weapon Fraudulent ChecksIB/Bad Checks Law Violations) Frequenting a House of Prostitution/B/ Extortion!A/Extortion-Blackmail All Other Offenses Fugitive/B/All Other Offenses -F- -G- Facilitation of/B/All Other Offenses (if Group A offense involved) or applicable Group B Gambling/NGambling Offenses offense (if Group A offense involved) Gambling Devices Offenses/NGambling Failure to Appear/B/All Other Offenses Offenses False Arrest/B/All Other Offenses Gambling Equipment Offenses/NGambling False Citizenship/B/All Other Offenses Offenses False Fire Alarm/B/All Other Offenses Gambling Goods, Possession of/NGambling False Pretenses/A/Fraud Offenses Offenses False Report or Statement/A or B/Fraud Gambling Paraphernalia, Possession Offenses or All Other Offenses of/NGambling Offenses False Report or Statement/B/All Other Gaming Offenses/NGambling Offenses Offenses Family Offenses, Nonviolent/B/Family -H- Offenses, Nonviolent Family Offenses, Violent/N(Classify same as Habitual Drunkard/B/Drunkenness substantive offense, e.g., Assault Offenses; Harassment/B/All Other Offenses Homicide Offenses; Forcible Sex Offenses) HarboringIB/AIl Other Offenses

78 OFFENSE/GROUP A OR B/COVERED BY -J- Hate Crime/(Classify same as substantive offense, e.g., Arson; Assault; Murder; Jury TamperingIB/All Other Offenses (Other Destruction-Damage-Vandalism of offenses may have been committed, e.g., Property) Bribery; Extortion-Blackmail; Intimidation) Health and SafetyLaws (Adulterated Justifiable Homicide/AlHomicide Offenses Food, Drugs, or Cosmetics)IB/A1I Other Offenses (Other offenses may have been -K- committed, e.g., Homicide; Aggravated or Simple Assault; Fraud) Kickback/AIBribery Hijacking-Air Piracy/NKidnaping-Abduction; Kidnaping/AzKidnaping-Abduction Robbery; etc. Kidnaping, ParentallNKidnaping-Abduction Hit and Run (ofa person)IB/All Other Offenses Killing!AlHomicide Offenses (Other offenses may have been committed, e.g., Driving Under the Influence; Vehicular -L- Manslaughter) Homicide/AlHomicide Offenses Larceny/A/Larceny-Theft Offenses Homicide, Justifiable/AlHomicide Offenses Libel, Criminal!B/All Other Offenses Homosexual Act or ConductIB/All Other Liquor Law ViolationslBlLiquor Law Offenses Violations Hostage-Taking!NKidnaping-Abduction LitteringIB/All Other Offenses House of Prostitution, Frequenting alB/AIl LoiteringIB/Curfew-Loitering-Vagrancy Other Offenses Violations House ofProstitution, Operating alAi Looting!AlBurglary or Larceny Prostitution Offenses (as appropriate) Lottery, UnlawfullAiGambling Offenses - 1- -M- Immigration Law Violations (Illegal Alien Entry; False Citizenship; Smuggling Mail FraudiAIFraud Offenses Alien; etc.)IB/A11 Other Offenses Malicious MischiefiA/Destruction-Damage­ Impersonation/AIFraud Offenses Vandalism of Property Incendiary Device Offenses/fkeport Mandatory Release Violation/BzAll Other substantive offenses committed, e.g., Arson; Offenses Homicide; Aggravated or Simple Assault; Manslaughter, Negligent/AlHomicide Offenses Weapon Law Violations; Destruction­ Manslaughter, Nonnegligenl/AlHomicide Damage-Vandalism of Property) Offenses Incest/AiSex Offenses, Nonforcible Manslaughter, VehicularlB/All Other Offenses Indecent Exposure/ByAll Other Offenses Military Law Violations (AWOL; Desertion; Indecent Liberties/AiSex Offenses, Forcible etc.)IB/A11 Other Offenses (Forcible Fondling) Minor Assault/AiAssault Offenses Influence Peddling!AlBribery Misappropriation/A/Embezzlement Insufficient Funds CheckslBlBad Checks Missing Person/(Should not be reported as it is Intimidation/AiAssault Offenses notan"offense") IntoxicatedIBlDrunkenness Molesting, ChiidiAiSex Offenses, Forcible Intoxication/BzDrunkenness Monopoly in Restraint ofTradelB/All Other Invasion of PrivacyIB/All Other Offenses Offenses Involuntary Manslaughter/AlHomicide MoonshiningIBlLiquor Law Violations Offenses (Negligent Manslaughter) Motor Vehicle Thefl/AiMotor Vehicle Theft Murder/AlHomicide Offenses

79 OFFENSE/GROUP A OR B/COVERED BY Pocket-picking!A/Larceny-Theft Offenses - N- PolygamylB/Ail Other Offenses Pornography/AlPornography-Obscene Narcotic OffensesiA/Drug-Narcotic Offenses Material Neglect of FamilyIB/Family Offenses, Possession of Burglary Too1sIB/Ail Other Nonviolent Offenses Negligent Manslaughter/AlHomicide Offenses Possession of Drug Equipment/A/Drug­ Nonpayment of AlimonylB/Family Offenses, Narcotic Offenses Nonviolent; or All Other Offenses (if treated Possession of Gambling Equipment/A' as Contempt of Court) Gambling Offenses Nonsupport/B/FamilyOffenses, Nonviolent Possession of Stolen Property/AzStolen Numbers/NGambling Offenses Property Offenses Privacy, Invasion of/B/All Other Offenses -0- Probation ViolationIB/AIl Other Offenses Procurement Fraud/AlFraud Offenses Obscene CommunicationIB/AIl Other Offenses Procuring for Prostitution!AlProstitution Obscene Language, Use ofIBIDisorderly Offenses Conduct Profanity/B/Disorderly Conduct Obscene Material!NPornography-Obscene ProstitutionJA/Prostitution Offenses Material Prostitution, Soliciting foriAzProstitution Obscene Telephone Call/B/All Other Offenses Offenses Obstructing Criminal Investigation/B,'All Other Prostitution, Transporting Persons forlN Offenses Prostitution Offenses Obstructing Justice/B/All Other Offenses Prowler/BiAll Other Offenses Obstructing Police Officer(s)IBIAIl Other Public NuisancelBlDisorderly Conduct Offenses Purse-snatching!NLarceny-Theft Offenses Operating a House of Prostitution/A,' Prostitution Offenses -0-

-P- Quarantine, Violation oflB/AIl Other Offenses

Pandering!AlProstitution Offenses -R- Paraphernalia Offenses, Drug!A/Drug­ Narcotic Offenses Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Paraphernalia Offenses, Gambling!N Organizations (RICO)IB/ All Other Offenses Gambling Offenses (Report predicate offenses, e.g., Arson; Parental Kidnaping!A'Kidnaping-Abduction Aggravated Assault; Extortion; Blackmail) Parole ViolationIBlAll Other Offenses Racketeering!(Classify same as substantive Passing Bad CheckslBlBad Checks offenses, e.g., Bribery; Extortion-Blackmail; Patronizinga House ofProstitutionIB/AIlOther Larceny-Theft Offenses) Offenses Rape (Forcib1e)/NSex Offenses, Forcible Patronizing a ProstitutelB/AIl Other Offenses Rape By Instrumentation/A'Sex Offenses, Peeping Tom/B/Peeping Tom Forcible PerjuryIBIAIl Other Offenses (Other offenses Rape, Statutory/NSex Offenses, Nonforcible may have been committed, e.g., Bribery) Receiving Stolen Property/NSto1en Property Perjury, Subornation oflBlAll Other Offenses Offenses (Other offenses may have been committed, Reckless EndangermentlB/AIl Other Offenses e.g., Bribery; Extortion-Blackmail; Reckless Manslaughter (Nonvehicular)lN Intimidation) Homicide Offenses (Negligent Pickpocket/A/Larceny-Theft Offenses Manslaughter) Pimping!NProstitution Offenses 80 OFFENSE/GROUP A OR B/COVERED BY Stripping Motor Vehicie/AILarceny-Theft Reckless Operation of Aircrafl/B/All Other Offenses Offenses Strong-arm Robbery/A/Robbery Release Violation, ConditionallB/All Other Subornation ofPerjurylB/AII Other Offenses Offenses (Other offenses may have been committed, Release Violation, MandatorylB/All Other e.g., Bribery; Extortion-Blackmail; Offenses Intimidation) Resisting Officer/AiAssault Offenses Suicide/(Should not be reported) Restraint, UnlawfuVAIKidnaping-Abduction Suspicion/(Should not be reported as it is not Revenue Law ViolationslB/All Other Offenses an "offense") Riot/B/Curfew-Loitering-Vagrancy Swindle/AlFraud Offenses Violations(Otber offenses may have been committed, e.g., Arson; Destruction­ - T- Damage-Vandalism of Property) Robbery/A/Robbery Tax Law Violations/BzAll Other Offenses RoutlBlAll Other Offenses (Other offenses may Telephone Call, Threatening/AiAssault have been committed) Offenses (Intimidation) RunawayIB!Runaway Telephone Fraud/AIFraud Offenses Terrorism/(Classifysame as substantive offense, - S- e.g., Assault; Destruction-Damage­ Vandalism of Property; Murder) Sabotage/B/All Other Offenses (Other offenses TheftlAlLarceny-Theft Offenses mayhavebeen committed, e.g., Arson; Theft From Building/Ad.arceny-Theft Offenses Destruction-Damage-Vandalism of Property) Theft From Coin-Operated Machine or Sanitation Law ViolationslB/All Other Offenses Device/AzLarceny-Theft Offenses Scalping, Ticket(s)IB/AIl Other Offenses Theft From Motor Vehicie/AILarceny-Theft SeditionIB/AII Other Offenses Offenses Seduction/BzAll Other Offenses Theft of Motor Vehicie/AIMotor Vehicle Theft Sex, Commercialized/(Classify as Prostitution Theft of Motor Vehicle Parts or Offenses; Pornography-Obscene Material; Accessories/AlLarceny-Theft Offenses or All Other Offenses) Theft of Vehicles or Equipment Other than Sex Offenses, ForciblelAlSexOffenses, Forcible Motor Vehiclcs/Azl.arceny-Theft Offenses Sex Offenses, NonforciblelAlSex Offenses, Threatening BehaviorlAlAssault Offenses Nonforciblc (Intimidation) Sexual Assault With An Object/AiSex Offenses, Threatening Conduct/AzAssault Offenses Forcible (Intimidation) Shoplifting/AlLarceny-Theft Offenses Threatening Gesture/AIAssault Offenses Simple Assault/A'Assault Offenses (Intimidation) Slander, CriminaVBIAll Other Offenses Threatening Telephone Call1AiAssault Smuggling AlienIBlAll Other Offenses Offenses (Intimidation) Smuggling ContrabandIB/All Other Offenses Threatening Words or Stetement/AzAssault (Other offenses may have been committed, Offenses (Intimidation) e.g., Drug-Narcotic Offenses) ThreatslAiAssault Offenses (Intimidation) Sodomy, Consensual/ByAll Other Offenses Traffic Violations (Do not report exceptfor: Sodomy, Forcible/AzSex Offenses, Forcible Driving Under the Influence [DUI]; Driving Solicitation to Commit FelonylBlAll Other While Intoxicated [DWI]; Hit and Run [ofa Offenses (if Group A offense involved) person]; or Vehicular Manslaughter) or applicable Group B offense (if Group B Transmitting Wagering Information/AI offense involved) Gambling Offenses Stolen Property-Buying, Receiving, or Transporting Persons for Prostitution/A,' Possessing/AzStolen Property Offenses Prostitution Offenses 81 OFFENSE/GROUP A OR B/COVERED BY Vandalism!A/Destruction-Damage-Vandalism Treason/E/All Other Offenses (Other offenses of Property may have been committed, e.g., Burglary; Vehicular Manslaughter/A or B/Murder Larceny-Theft) or Negligent Manslaughter (if not accidental) Trespass of Personal PropertylB/All Other or All Other Offenses (if accidental) Offenses Vice, Commercializedl(Classify as Prostitution Trespass of Real PropertyIBlTrespass of Real Offenses; Pornography-Obscene Material; Property or All Other Offenses) Violation of QuarantinelB/All Other Offenses - u - Violation of Restraining Order/B/All Other Offenses Unlawful Assembly/Bzf'urfew-Loitering­ Vagrancy Violations -w- Unlawful Entry/Nllurglary-B&E Unlawful Restraint/AlKidnaping-Abduction Wagering, UnlawfuliNGambling Offenses Unlicensed WeaponlA/Weapon Law Weapon, Concealed/A/WeaponLaw Violations Violations Weapon, UnlicensediA/Weapon Law Unregistered Weapon/A/Weapon Law Violations Violations Weapon, UnregisterediA/Weapon Law Uttering Bad CheckslB/Bad Checks Violations Weapon Law Violations/A/Weapon Law -V- Violations Welfare Fraud/A/Fraud Offenses VagabondagelB/Curfew-Loitering-Vagrancy Wire Fraud/NFraud Offenses Violations Wiretapping, IllegaVB/All Other Offenses VagrancyIB/Curfew-Loitering-Vagrancy Violations

82 U.S.Departmentof Justice BULK RATE Federal Bureau of Investigation POSTAGE& FEES PAID Washington. D.C.20535 Federal Bureau of Investigation Permit-No. G,I68

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