International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN)
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(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
US 20130289061A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0289061 A1 Bhide et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 31, 2013 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO Publication Classi?cation PREVENT ADDICTION (51) Int. Cl. (71) Applicant: The General Hospital Corporation, A61K 31/485 (2006-01) Boston’ MA (Us) A61K 31/4458 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (72) Inventors: Pradeep G. Bhide; Peabody, MA (US); CPC """"" " A61K31/485 (201301); ‘4161223011? Jmm‘“ Zhu’ Ansm’ MA. (Us); USPC ......... .. 514/282; 514/317; 514/654; 514/618; Thomas J. Spencer; Carhsle; MA (US); 514/279 Joseph Biederman; Brookline; MA (Us) (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed herein is a method of reducing or preventing the development of aversion to a CNS stimulant in a subject (21) App1_ NO_; 13/924,815 comprising; administering a therapeutic amount of the neu rological stimulant and administering an antagonist of the kappa opioid receptor; to thereby reduce or prevent the devel - . opment of aversion to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Also (22) Flled' Jun‘ 24’ 2013 disclosed is a method of reducing or preventing the develop ment of addiction to a CNS stimulant in a subj ect; comprising; _ _ administering the CNS stimulant and administering a mu Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data opioid receptor antagonist to thereby reduce or prevent the (63) Continuation of application NO 13/389,959, ?led on development of addiction to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Apt 27’ 2012’ ?led as application NO_ PCT/US2010/ Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising 045486 on Aug' 13 2010' a central nervous system stimulant and an opioid receptor ’ antagonist. -
Monoclonal Antibodies As Treatment Modalities in Head and Neck Cancers
AIMS Medical Science, Volume 2 (4): 347–359. DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2015.4.347 Received date 29 August 2015, Accepted date 28 October 2015, Published date 3 November 2015 http://www.aimspress.com/ Review article Monoclonal Antibodies as Treatment Modalities in Head and Neck Cancers Vivek Radhakrishnan *, Mark S. Swanson, and Uttam K. Sinha Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA * Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: 714-423-0679. Abstract: The standard treatments of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) causes disturbance to normal surrounding tissues, systemic toxicities and functional problems with eating, speaking, and breathing. With early detection, many of these cancers can be effectively treated, but treatment should also focus on retaining the function of the proximal nerves, tissues and vasculature surrounding the tumor. With current research focused on understanding pathogenesis of these cancers in a molecular level, targeted therapy using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), can be modified and directed towards tumor genes, proteins and signal pathways with the potential to reduce unfavorable side effects of current treatments. This review will highlight the current MoAb therapies used in HNSCC, and discuss ongoing research efforts to develop novel treatment agents with potential to improve efficacy, increase overall survival (OS) rates and reduce toxicities. Keywords: monoclonal antibodies; hnscc, cetuximab; cisplatin; tumor antigens; immunotherapy; genome sequencing; HPV tumors AIMS Medical Science Volume 2, Issue 4, 347-359. 348 1. Introduction Head and neck cancer accounts for about 3% of all cancers in the United States. -
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Is HIPEC the Only Answer?
Modern Chemotherapy, 2014, 3, 11-19 Published Online April 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/mc http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/mc.2014.32003 Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Is HIPEC the Only Answer? Ka-On Lam1*, Betty Tsz-Ting Law2, Simon Ying-Kit Law2, Dora Lai-Wan Kwong1 1Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China 2Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Email: *[email protected] Received 13 January 2014; revised 16 February 2014; accepted 26 February 2014 Academic Editor: Stephen L. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis is notorious for its dismal prognosis. While the pa- thophysiology of peritoneal dissemination is still controversial, the rapid downhill course is uni- versal. Patients usually suffer abdominal distension, intestinal obstruction and various complica- tions before they succumb after a median of 3 - 6 months. Although not adopted in most interna- tional treatment guidelines, intraperitoneal chemotherapy has growing evidence compared with conventional systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cytoreduc- tive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is well-established for clinical ben- efit but is technically demanding with substantial treatment-related morbidities and mortality. On the other hand, normothermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the form of bidirectional neoad- juvant treatment is promising with various newer chemotherapeutic agents. -
Soluble Epcam Levels in Ascites Correlate with Positive Cytology And
Seeber et al. BMC Cancer (2015) 15:372 DOI 10.1186/s12885-015-1371-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Soluble EpCAM levels in ascites correlate with positive cytology and neutralize catumaxomab activity in vitro Andreas Seeber1,2,3†, Agnieszka Martowicz1,4†, Gilbert Spizzo1,2,5, Thomas Buratti6, Peter Obrist7, Dominic Fong1,5, Guenther Gastl3 and Gerold Untergasser1,2,3* Abstract Background: EpCAM is highly expressed on membrane of epithelial tumor cells and has been detected as soluble/ secreted (sEpCAM) in serum of cancer patients. In this study we established an ELISA for in vitro diagnostics to measure sEpCAM concentrations in ascites. Moreover, we evaluated the influence of sEpCAM levels on catumaxomab (antibody) - dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Methods: Ascites specimens from cancer patients with positive (C+, n = 49) and negative (C-, n = 22) cytology and ascites of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC, n = 31) were collected. All cell-free plasma samples were analyzed for sEpCAM levels with a sandwich ELISA system established and validated by a human recombinant EpCAM standard for measurements in ascites as biological matrix. In addition, we evaluated effects of different sEpCAM concentrations on catumaxomab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and human tumor cells. Results: Our ELISA showed a high specificity for secreted EpCAM as determined by control HEK293FT cell lines stably expressing intracellular (EpICD), extracellular (EpEX) and the full-length protein (EpCAM) as fusion proteins. The lower limit of quantification was 200 pg/mL and the linear quantification range up to 5,000 pg/mL in ascites as biological matrix. -
Modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States To
U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS Shara L. Aranoff, Chairman Daniel R. Pearson, Vice Chairman Deanna Tanner Okun Charlotte R. Lane Irving A. Williamson Dean A. Pinkert Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to Implement the Dominican Republic- Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement With Respect to Costa Rica Publication 4038 December 2008 (This page is intentionally blank) Pursuant to the letter of request from the United States Trade Representative of December 18, 2008, set forth in the Appendix hereto, and pursuant to section 1207(a) of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act, the Commission is publishing the following modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) to implement the Dominican Republic- Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement, as approved in the Dominican Republic-Central America- United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, with respect to Costa Rica. (This page is intentionally blank) Annex I Effective with respect to goods that are entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after January 1, 2009, the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) is modified as provided herein, with bracketed matter included to assist in the understanding of proclaimed modifications. The following supersedes matter now in the HTS. (1). General note 4 is modified as follows: (a). by deleting from subdivision (a) the following country from the enumeration of independent beneficiary developing countries: Costa Rica (b). -
Cancer Stem Cells—Key Players in Tumor Relapse
cancers Review Cancer Stem Cells—Key Players in Tumor Relapse Monica Marzagalli *, Fabrizio Fontana, Michela Raimondi and Patrizia Limonta Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; [email protected] (F.F.); [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (P.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-02-503-18427 Simple Summary: Cancer is one of the hardest pathologies to fight, being one of the main causes of death worldwide despite the constant development of novel therapeutic strategies. Therapeutic failure, followed by tumor relapse, might be explained by the existence of a subpopulation of cancer cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). The survival advantage of CSCs relies on their ability to shape their phenotype against harmful conditions. This Review will summarize the molecular mechanisms exploited by CSCs in order to escape from different kind of therapies, shedding light on the potential novel CSC-specific targets for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Abstract: Tumor relapse and treatment failure are unfortunately common events for cancer patients, thus often rendering cancer an uncurable disease. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells endowed with tumor-initiating and self-renewal capacity, as well as with high adaptive abilities. Altogether, these features contribute to CSC survival after one or multiple therapeutic approaches, thus leading to treatment failure and tumor progression/relapse. Thus, elucidating the molecular mechanisms associated with stemness-driven resistance is crucial for the development of more effective drugs and durable responses. This review will highlight the mechanisms exploited by CSCs to overcome different therapeutic strategies, from chemo- and radiotherapies to targeted therapies Citation: Marzagalli, M.; Fontana, F.; and immunotherapies, shedding light on their plasticity as an insidious trait responsible for their Raimondi, M.; Limonta, P. -
Ion Channels
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1442g5hg Journal British journal of pharmacology, 176 Suppl 1(S1) ISSN 0007-1188 Authors Alexander, Stephen PH Mathie, Alistair Peters, John A et al. Publication Date 2019-12-01 DOI 10.1111/bph.14749 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California S.P.H. Alexander et al. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels. British Journal of Pharmacology (2019) 176, S142–S228 THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels Stephen PH Alexander1 , Alistair Mathie2 ,JohnAPeters3 , Emma L Veale2 , Jörg Striessnig4 , Eamonn Kelly5, Jane F Armstrong6 , Elena Faccenda6 ,SimonDHarding6 ,AdamJPawson6 , Joanna L Sharman6 , Christopher Southan6 , Jamie A Davies6 and CGTP Collaborators 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK 2Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK 3Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK 4Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria 5School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK 6Centre for Discovery Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. -
The Use of Stems in the Selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for Pharmaceutical Substances
WHO/PSM/QSM/2006.3 The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances 2006 Programme on International Nonproprietary Names (INN) Quality Assurance and Safety: Medicines Medicines Policy and Standards The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances FORMER DOCUMENT NUMBER: WHO/PHARM S/NOM 15 © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. -
In Malignant Ascites Predicts Poor Overall Survival in Patients Treated with Catumaxomab
www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/ Oncotarget, Vol. 6, No. 28 Detection of soluble EpCAM (sEpCAM) in malignant ascites predicts poor overall survival in patients treated with catumaxomab Andreas Seeber1,2,3, Ioana Braicu4, Gerold Untergasser1,2,3, Mani Nassir4, Dominic Fong1,2,3,5, Laura Botta6, Guenther Gastl1, Heidi Fiegl7, Alain Zeimet7, Jalid Sehouli4, Gilbert Spizzo1,2,3,5 1Department of Haematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria 2Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria 3Oncotyrol – Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria 4European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany 5Haemato-Oncological Day Hospital, Hospital of Merano, Merano, Italy 6Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS “Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori”, Milan, Italy 7Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria Correspondence to: Andreas Seeber, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: EpCAM, soluble EpCAM, catumaxomab, ascites, ovarian cancer Received: May 10, 2015 Accepted: June 29, 2015 Published: July 10, 2015 ABSTRACT EpCAM is an attractive target for cancer therapy and the EpCAM-specific antibody catumaxomab has been used for intraperitoneal treatment of EpCAM-positive cancer patients with malignant ascites. New prognostic markers are necessary to select patients that mostly benefit from catumaxomab. Recent data showed that soluble EpCAM (sEpCAM) is capable to block the effect of catumaxomab in vitro. This exploratory retrospective analysis was performed on archived ascites samples to evaluate the predictive role of sEpCAM in catumaxomab-treated patients. Sixty-six catumaxomab-treated patients with an available archived ascites sample were included in this study and tested for sEpCAM by sandwich ELISA. All probes were sampled before treatment start and all patients received at least one catumaxomab infusion. -
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
nAChR Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors nAChRs (nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) are neuron receptor proteins that signal for muscular contraction upon a chemical stimulus. They are cholinergic receptors that form ligand-gated ion channels in the plasma membranes of certain neurons and on the presynaptic and postsynaptic sides of theneuromuscular junction. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are the best-studied of the ionotropic receptors. Like the other type of acetylcholine receptor-the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)-the nAChR is triggered by the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Just as muscarinic receptors are named such because they are also activated by muscarine, nicotinic receptors can be opened not only by acetylcholine but also by nicotine —hence the name "nicotinic". www.MedChemExpress.com 1 nAChR Inhibitors & Modulators (+)-Sparteine (-)-(S)-B-973B Cat. No.: HY-W008350 Cat. No.: HY-114269 Bioactivity: (+)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid acting as a ganglionic Bioactivity: (-)-(S)-B-973B is a potent allosteric agonist and positive blocking agent. (+)-Sparteine competitively blocks nicotinic allosteric modulator of α7 nAChR, with antinociceptive ACh receptor in the neurons. activity [1]. Purity: 98.0% Purity: 99.93% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 10mM x 1mL in Water, Size: 10mM x 1mL in DMSO, 100 mg 5 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg (±)-Epibatidine A-867744 (CMI 545) Cat. No.: HY-101078 Cat. No.: HY-12149 Bioactivity: (±)-Epibatidine is a nicotinic agonist. (±)-Epibatidine is a Bioactivity: A-867744 is a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nAChRs (IC50 neuronal nAChR agonist. values are 0.98 and 1.12 μM for human and rat α7 receptor ACh-evoked currents respectively, in X. -
Pharmaceutical Appendix to the Tariff Schedule 2
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. ABACAVIR 136470-78-5 ACIDUM LIDADRONICUM 63132-38-7 ABAFUNGIN 129639-79-8 ACIDUM SALCAPROZICUM 183990-46-7 ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACIDUM SALCLOBUZICUM 387825-03-8 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ACIFRAN 72420-38-3 ABAPERIDONUM 183849-43-6 ACIPIMOX 51037-30-0 ABARELIX 183552-38-7 ACITAZANOLAST 114607-46-4 ABATACEPTUM 332348-12-6 ACITEMATE 101197-99-3 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ACITRETIN 55079-83-9 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ACIVICIN 42228-92-2 ABETIMUSUM 167362-48-3 ACLANTATE 39633-62-0 ABIRATERONE 154229-19-3 ACLARUBICIN 57576-44-0 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ACLATONIUM NAPADISILATE 55077-30-0 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ACODAZOLE 79152-85-5 ABRINEURINUM 178535-93-8 ACOLBIFENUM 182167-02-8 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ACONIAZIDE 13410-86-1 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ACOTIAMIDUM 185106-16-5 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9 -
WO 2011/089216 Al
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date t 28 July 2011 (28.07.2011) WO 2011/089216 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 47/48 (2006.01) C07K 1/13 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, C07K 1/1 07 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (21) Number: International Application DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/EP201 1/050821 HN, HR, HU, ID, J , IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (22) International Filing Date: KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, 2 1 January 201 1 (21 .01 .201 1) ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (25) Filing Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, (26) Publication Language: English TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 1015 1465. 1 22 January 2010 (22.01 .2010) EP kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): AS- ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, CENDIS PHARMA AS [DK/DK]; Tuborg Boulevard TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, 12, DK-2900 Hellerup (DK).