DOCSLIB.ORG

Preliminary Seismic Microzoning of the Towns of Rudbar, Manjil and Loshan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Preliminary Seismic Microzoning of the Towns of Rudbar, Manjil and Loshan Guidelines for Earthquake Disaster Management, Volume I, Part 9 Part 9 Preliminary seismic microzoning of the towns of Rudbar, Manjil and Loshan Jakim T. Petrovski, Chief Technical Advisor Professor, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia Zoran V. Milutinovic, International Consultant Professor, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia Behrouz Gatmiri, National Consultant Assoc. Professor, University of Tehran, Tehran Senior Researcher and Lecturer Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chausé es, Paris, France Tehran - Skopje, September 1998 *XLGHOLQHVIRU(DUWKTXDNH'LVDVWHU0DQDJHPHQW9ROXPH,3DUW 7DEOHRIFRQWHQWV ,QWURGXFWLRQ *HRORJLFDOFRQGLWLRQVLQWKHUHJLRQRI5XGEDU 0DQMLODQG/RVKDQ *URXQG PRWLRQ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG UHVSRQVH VSHFWUD LQ WKH 5XGEDU 0DQMLO /RVKDQ UHJLRQ GXHWR-XQH0DQMLO(DUWKTXDNH3ODQ QLQJ6FDOH0D[LPXP&RQVLGHUHGDQG)UHTXHQW 6FDOH(DUWKTXDNH *URXQG PRWLRQ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG UHVSRQVH VSHFWUD GXH WR -XQH 0DQMLO (DUWK TXDNH *URXQG PRWLRQ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG UHVSRQVH VSHFWUDIRU3ODQQLQJ6FDOH(DUWKTXDNH *URXQG PRWLRQ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG UHVSRQVH VSHFWUDIRU0D[LPXP&RQVLGHUHG(DUWKTXDNH *URXQG PRWLRQ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG UHVSRQVH VSHFWUDIRU)UHTXHQW6FDOH(DUWKTXDNH 5HIHUHQFHV 3UHOLPLQDU\ VHLVPLF PLFUR]RQLQJ RI WKH WRZQRI5XGEDU 3UHOLPLQDU\ VHLVPLF PLFUR]RQLQJ RI WKH WRZQRI0DQMLO 3UHOLPLQDU\ VHLVPLF PLFUR]RQLQJ RI WKH WRZQRI/RVKDQ 81'381&+6 +DELWDW 3URMHFW,5$ $VVLVWDQFHLQWKH,PSOHPHQWDWLRQRI3RVWHDUWKTXDNH5HKDELOLWDWLRQ3URJUDPPH +RXVLQJ)RXQGDWLRQRI,VODPLF5HYROXWLRQ,5,UDQ *XLGHOLQHVIRU(DUWKTXDNH'LVDVWHU0DQDJHPHQW9ROXPH,3DUW 81'381&+6 +DELWDW 3URMHFW,5$ $VVLVWDQFHLQWKH,PSOHPHQWDWLRQRI3RVWHDUWKTXDNH5HKDELOLWDWLRQ3URJUDPPH +RXVLQJ)RXQGDWLRQRI,VODPLF5HYROXWLRQ,5,UDQ Guidelines for Earthquake Disaster Management, Volume I, Part 9 Chapter 1 Introduction Tehran - Skopje, September 1998 *XLGHOLQHVIRU(DUWKTXDNH'LVDVWHU0DQDJHPHQW9ROXPH,3DUW ,QWURGXFWLRQ 81'381&+6 +DELWDW 3URMHFW,5$ $VVLVWDQFHLQWKH,PSOHPHQWDWLRQRI3RVWHDUWKTXDNH5HKDELOLWDWLRQ3URJUDPPH +RXVLQJ)RXQGDWLRQRI,VODPLF5HYROXWLRQ,5,UDQ Guidelines for Earthquake Disaster Management, Volume I, Part 9 37 00 36 45 56 1000 1500 1500 142 84 500 500 26 29 2000 14 167 27 Jirandeh 1500 500 1000 1000 85 49 49 1000 1000 45 22 45 1000 1500 river 1500 1500 83 21 1500 80 Shahrood river 168 to Rasht Sefidrood river 11 Rasht 81 55 10 river 500 78 82 49 1000 49 500 to Gazvin 30 Fatalak Loshan 30 62 145 79 10 km 500 Rostam Abad 500 1000 Galdian Manjil Rudbar 05 20 09 61 77 54 500 Manjil lake 500 144 Explanations: Elevation: 49 500 49 15 15 2000 < 500 m 63 500 - 1,000 m 1,000 - 1,500 m 146 1,500 - 2,000 m 56 Gilvan > 2000 m Triggered landslides Symbols: 116 District limit 52 1000 Rural district limit 500 Elevation contours 1000 49 53 Main roads 49 River 00 Rivers 00 Uzan 1500 1500 Manjil lake Abbar Ghezel Uzan River 20 District 154 115 153 154 Rural district to Zanjan Zanjan Town 2000 118 Village 51 37 00 36 45 101 Fig. 1.1. Topographic map of Rudbar, Manjil, Loshan region strongly affected by June 20, 1990 Manjil Earthquake. UNDP - UNCHS (Habitat) Project IRA/90/004 476 Assistance in the Implementation of Postearthquake Rehabilitation Programme Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution, I. R. Iran Guidelines for Earthquake Disaster Management, Volume I, Part 9 Chapter 2 Geological conditions in the region of Rudbar, Manjil and Loshan Tehran - Skopje, September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uidelines for Earthquake Disaster Management, Volume I, Part 9 49 30 Qal t3 49 25 Q tv Fatalak 600 200 500 300 400 49 400 30 36 500 36 300 tv 50 50 Explanations: t Ek sh Geological structure: E sh k E Js k 200 400 l Lake 600 Js 800 Sc Scree Galdian Cultivated land Rudbar Landslide: Galdian (g), Fatalak (f), and Nesfi (n) Qal Recent alluvium, sand bar deposits Js t Top soil Quaternary 900 Qt3 Alluvial fan and cones 600 P 400 200 Qt2 Terrace like old fanglomerate Ez Js Qt1 Old and high level terraces sh t E E k P PIQ Lake type deposits k sh Ek Marl, silstone, sandstone, 500 Neogene Ng 400 conglomerate 400 v 600 300 Ek v 700 Ek Andsitic and dacitic volcanic breccia v Ek f tv Tuff, green, bedded (Karaj formation), Ek partly associated with lava (t ) 36 Ng 36 v 45 t3 45 sh Shale and sandstone, partly l Q Eocene Ek Paleogene tuffaceous lake Manjil Limestone, nummulitic bearing, Ez highly crushed (Ziarat formation) t Shale, siltstone and sandstone, Jurassic Js dark grey (Shemsak formation) t t3 Permian Limestone, grey, medium Q P bedded (Ruteh formation?) t General symbols: 300 400 Fault t Reverse Fault Dip and Strike 400 Asphalted Road t Second Class Road 400 River Drainage Qt1 l lake Ng 012km 300 300 Qt3 400 49 36 25 36 40 300 40 49 t3 50 Q 300 300 Ng t2 Qal Q 400 Qt2 Qt3 Qt3 Qt2 Loshan Ng 400 PlQ Qal 500 Ekv 49 30 Fig. 2.1. Review geological map of the Rudbar, Manjil, Loshan region (After Jancevski, J. and Gorashi, M., 1998) UNDP - UNCHS (Habitat) Project IRA/90/004 480 Assistance in the Implementation of Postearthquake Rehabilitation Programme Housing Foundation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Original Article Seasonal Activity of Adult Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Focus of Dirofilariasis and West Nile Infection in Northern Iran
    J Arthropod-Borne Dis, December 2018, 12(4): 398–413 Sh Azari-Hamidian et al.: Seasonal Activity of … Original Article Seasonal Activity of Adult Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Focus of Dirofilariasis and West Nile Infection in Northern Iran *Shahyad Azari-Hamidian 1, 2, Behzad Norouzi 1, Ayoob Noorallahi 3, Ahmad Ali Hanafi- Bojd 4 1Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 2School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 3Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Health Vice-Chancellorship, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 4Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Received 9 Jun 2018; accepted 18 Nov 2018) Abstract Background: Mosquito-borne arboviruses such as West Nile, dengue, Rift Valley fever, and Sindbis viruses and the nematode Dirofilaria are reported in Iran, but there is little information on the seasonal activity of their vectors in the country. We aimed to determine the seasonal activity of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a focus of diro- filariasis and West Nile infection in Guilan Province, northern Iran. Methods: Collections were carried out using light traps in seven counties at least two times from random sites and every two weeks from a fixed site (Pareh Village, Rudbar County) during Aug–Dec 2015 and Apr–Oct 2016. Results: Overall, 16327 adult mosquitoes comprising 18 species representing seven genera were identified. The most prevalent species were Cx. theileri (23.59%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (20.75%), Cx. pipiens (19.37%), Ae. vexans (18.18%), An. pseudopictus (10.92%) and An.
    [Show full text]
  • 405-419, 2011 Issn 1991-8178
    Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(3): 405-419, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178 Limiting the Imbalanced Development of Large Cities by Granting Immediate Accessibility to Amenities in Suburban Region Case Study: Rasht City Farhad Amiri Fard, Urban planning Department of Islamic Azad University of Bandaranzali (IAU). Abstract: Emerging city poles without existence of a proper spatial hierarchy causes serious problem in all over a country. To avoid heterogeneous and unequal development in metropolises, it is necessary to limit their development. As a center for Guilan province, Rasht city is the most populated urban locality in north of Iran which acts as an urban system by its urban and rural centers and suburbs and concerns for sprawl in the future which would disturb regional balances, reflect the necessity of a plan compilation to limit spatial development so that to be suggested as a standard for other regions. So this paper seeks to investigate present problem and compile appropriate aims to remove those problem and organize a harmonic and balanced system on an urban region scale applying appropriate strategy in Rasht metropolis and its suburbs. Key words: Rasht metropolis, Limitation of development, spatial planning, Regional imbalance, Suburban region, amenities. INTRODUCTION During recent decades, fast growth of urbanization in Iran has caused developments over capacity of economic, social and in some cities. Arising from uncontrolled rural migration into major urban centers, this problem brought metropolises such as Tehran, Isfahan, Mashhad, Tabriz, Rasht and Shiraz in Iran spatial extents and subsequently overdevelopment in these metropolises and disability of suburban small cities to compete with metropolises led to regional imbalances in the regions’ level.
    [Show full text]
  • (Euphorbiaceae) in Iran with the Description of Euphorbia Mazandaranica Sp
    Nordic Journal of Botany 32: 257–278, 2014 doi: 10.1111/njb.01690 © 2014 Th e Authors. Nordic Journal of Botany © 2014 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: Arne Strid. Accepted 26 July 2012 Synopsis of Euphorbia subgen. Esula sect. Helioscopia (Euphorbiaceae) in Iran with the description of Euphorbia mazandaranica sp. nov. Amir Hossein Pahlevani and Ricarda Riina A. H. Pahlevani ([email protected]), Dept of Botany, Iranian Research Inst. of Plant Protection, PO Box 1454, IR-19395 Tehran, Iran. AHP also at: Dept of Plant Systematics, Univ. of Bayreuth, DE-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. – R. Riina, Real Jardin Bot á nico, RJB-CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, ES-28014 Madrid, Spain. Euphorbia subgen. Esula with about 480 species is one of the most diverse and complex lineages of the giant genus Euphorbia . Species of this subgenus are usually herbaceous and are mainly distributed in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Th is paper updates the taxonomy and distribution of Euphorbia (subgen. Esula ) sect. Helioscopia in Iran since the publication of ‘ Flora Iranica ’ in 1964. We provide a key, species descriptions, illustrations (for most species), distribution maps, brief characterization of ecology as well as relevant notes for the 12 species of this section occurring in Iran. As a result of this revision, E. altissima var. altissima is reported as new for the country, and a new species from northern Iran, Euphorbia mazandaranica , is described and illustrated. With the exception of E. helioscopia , a widespread weed in temperate regions worldwide, the remaining species occur in the Alborz, Zagros and northwestern regions of Iran. Euphorbia L.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoning the Villages of Central District of Dena County in Terms of Sustainability of Livelihood Capitals
    J. Agr. Sci. Tech. (2019) Vol. 21(5): 1091-1106 Zoning the Villages of Central District of Dena County in Terms of Sustainability of Livelihood Capitals Z. Sharifi1, M. Nooripoor1*, and H. Azadi2 ABSTRACT The sustainable livelihood approach was introduced as a sustainable rural development approach in the late 1980s with the aim of poverty alleviation in the rural communities. This approach has offered a broad framework for assessing the various dimensions of sustainability. An important component of this framework is livelihood capitals in a way that it is not possible to achieve sustainable rural livelihood with no regard to the livelihood capitals and assets in rural areas. Thus, the purpose of this descriptive-analytic survey research was zoning the villages of the Central District of Dena County in terms of the sustainability of livelihood capitals. The statistical population of this study was 2500 rural households in the Central District of Dena County, of which 300 households were selected using cluster random sampling method with appropriate allocation based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was confirmed in a pre-test and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Findings of the research showed that, in most studied villages, 3 capitals (social, physical, and human) were above the average and 2 capitals (financial and natural) as well as the total capital was less than average. Additionally, there was a gap and heterogeneity between the villages in terms of social, human, natural capital as well as financial capital, whereas there was a homogeneity in terms of physical and total capital as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト
    Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト ● Asia 4 Bangladesh 7 China アジア バングラデシュ 中国 1 Afghanistan 9 Khulna 6 Hangzhou アフガニスタン クルナ 杭州（ハンチォウ） 1 Herat 10 Kotwalipara 7 Wuhan ヘラート コタリパラ 武漢（ウハン） 2 Kabul 11 Meherpur 8 Cyprus カブール メヘルプール キプロス 3 Nili 12 Moulvibazar 1 Aglantzia ニリ モウロビバザール アグランツィア 2 Armenia 13 Narayanganj 2 Ammochostos (Famagusta) アルメニア ナラヤンガンジ アモコストス（ファマグスタ） 1 Yerevan 14 Narsingdi 3 Kyrenia エレバン ナールシンジ キレニア 3 Azerbaijan 15 Noapara 4 Kythrea アゼルバイジャン ノアパラ キシレア 1 Agdam 16 Patuakhali 5 Morphou アグダム（県） パトゥアカリ モルフー 2 Fuzuli 17 Rajshahi 9 Georgia フュズリ（県） ラージシャヒ ジョージア 3 Gubadli 18 Rangpur 1 Kutaisi クバドリ（県） ラングプール クタイシ 4 Jabrail Region 19 Swarupkati 2 Tbilisi ジャブライル（県） サルプカティ トビリシ 5 Kalbajar 20 Sylhet 10 India カルバジャル（県） シルヘット インド 6 Khocali 21 Tangail 1 Ahmedabad ホジャリ（県） タンガイル アーメダバード 7 Khojavend 22 Tongi 2 Bhopal ホジャヴェンド（県） トンギ ボパール 8 Lachin 5 Bhutan 3 Chandernagore ラチン（県） ブータン チャンダルナゴール 9 Shusha Region 1 Thimphu 4 Chandigarh シュシャ（県） ティンプー チャンディーガル 10 Zangilan Region 6 Cambodia 5 Chennai ザンギラン（県） カンボジア チェンナイ 4 Bangladesh 1 Ba Phnom 6 Cochin バングラデシュ バプノム コーチ（コーチン） 1 Bera 2 Phnom Penh 7 Delhi ベラ プノンペン デリー 2 Chapai Nawabganj 3 Siem Reap Province 8 Imphal チャパイ・ナワブガンジ シェムリアップ州 インパール 3 Chittagong 7 China 9 Kolkata チッタゴン 中国 コルカタ 4 Comilla 1 Beijing 10 Lucknow コミラ 北京（ペイチン） ラクノウ 5 Cox's Bazar 2 Chengdu 11 Mallappuzhassery コックスバザール 成都（チォントゥ） マラパザーサリー 6 Dhaka 3 Chongqing 12 Meerut ダッカ 重慶（チョンチン） メーラト 7 Gazipur 4 Dalian 13 Mumbai (Bombay) ガジプール 大連（タァリィェン） ムンバイ（旧ボンベイ） 8 Gopalpur 5 Fuzhou 14 Nagpur ゴパルプール 福州（フゥチォウ） ナーグプル 1/108 Pages
    [Show full text]
  • Liquefaction Case Histories from 1990 Manjil, Iran, Earthquake
    Missouri University of Science and Technology Scholars' Mine International Conference on Case Histories in (1993) - Third International Conference on Case Geotechnical Engineering Histories in Geotechnical Engineering 03 Jun 1993, 2:00 pm - 4:00 pm Liquefaction Case Histories from 1990 Manjil, Iran, Earthquake M. K. Yegian Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts M. A. A. Nogole-Sadat Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran V. G. Ghahraman Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts H. Darai Consulting Geotechnical Engineer, Tehran, Iran Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/icchge Part of the Geotechnical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Yegian, M. K.; Nogole-Sadat, M. A. A.; Ghahraman, V. G.; and Darai, H., "Liquefaction Case Histories from 1990 Manjil, Iran, Earthquake" (1993). International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering. 12. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/icchge/3icchge/3icchge-session03/12 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Article - Conference proceedings is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars' Mine. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering by an authorized administrator of Scholars' Mine. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Proceedings: Third International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, June 1-4, 1993, Paper No. 3.18 Liquefaction Case Histories from 1990 Manjil, Iran, Earthquake M. K. Yegian V. G. Ghahraman Professor and Chairman, Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts M.
    [Show full text]
  • Shallow Subsurface Geology and Vs Characteristics of Sedimentary Units Throughout Rasht City, Iran
    Vol52,2,2009 17-06-2009 19:02 Pagina 149 ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 52, N. 2, April 2009 Shallow subsurface geology and Vs characteristics of sedimentary units throughout Rasht City, Iran Latif Samadi and Behzad Mehrabi Department of Geology, Tarbiat Moalem University, Tehran, Iran Abstract The Manjil-Rudbar earthquake of June 1990 caused widespread damage to buildings in the city of Rasht locat- ed 60 km from the epicenter. Seismic surveys, including refraction P-wave, S-wave and downhole tests, were carried out to study subsurface geology and classify materials in the city of Rasht. Rasht is built on Quaternary sediments consisting of old marine (Q1m), deltaic (Q2d), undivided deltaic sediments with gravel (Qdg) and young marine (Q2m) deposits. We used the variations of Vp in different materials to separate sedimentary boundaries. The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) scheme was used for site classifica- tion. Average S-wave velocity to a depth of 30 m was used to develop site categories, based on measured Vs val- ues in 35 refraction seismic profiles and 4 downhole tests. For each geological unit histograms of S-wave veloc- ity were calculated. This study reveals that the Vs]30 of most of the city falls into categories D and C of NEHRP site classification. Average horizontal spectral amplification (AHSA) in Rasht was calculated using Vs]30 . The AHSA map clearly indicates that the amplification factor east and north of the city are higher than those of south and central parts. The results show that the lateral changes and heterogeneities in Q1m sediments are significant and most damaged buildings in 1990 Manjil earthquake were located in this unit.
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Tourism Development in Guilan: a Grounded Theory Study (Case Study: Rahmatabad and Blukat District in Rudbar County)
    Journal of Research and Rural Planning Volume 10, No. 1, Winter 2021, Serial No. 31, Pp. 81-99 eISSN: 2383-2495 ISSN: 2322-2514 http://jrrp.um.ac.ir Original Article Rural Tourism Development in Guilan: A Grounded Theory Study (Case Study: Rahmatabad and Blukat District in Rudbar County) Omid Jamshidzehi Shahbakhsh 1- Horieh Moradi *2 1- PhD Candidate in Geography and Rural Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran 2- Assistant Prof. in Geography and Rural Planning, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Received: 18 September 2020 Accepted: 16 January 2021 Abstract Purpose- Rural tourism, in the perspective of developed economies, is considered as a context-based experience that has a broad range of attractions. Also, it can increase the opportunities to provide services to local communities. Thus, their maintenance has become an integral part of the rural economy. In this regard, the study explored the understanding of rural tourism development in Rudbar County, Guilan province. Design/methodology/approach- This study, in terms of goal is applied-developmental, in terms of paradigm is qualitative, and in terms of method is a grounded theory which is based on an inductive approach. The statistical population consisted of two groups of key rural informants and tourists of Rudbar County. Using a purposive sampling, 18 people were selected by snowball method and data were collected applying in-depth and semi-structured interviews, reaching saturation. To analyze the narratives, three stages of open, axial and selective coding method were used. Findings- Findings showed that the vital commodities of rural tourism in Rudbar are the supply of a mixture of tourism approaches such as ecotourism, agrotourism and participatory approaches such as the view of scenic byways.
    [Show full text]
  • Microseismic Evidence of Slip Partitioning for the Rudbar-Tarom Earthquake (Ms 7.7) of 1990 June 20 in NW Iran M
    Microseismic evidence of slip partitioning for the Rudbar-Tarom earthquake (Ms 7.7) of 1990 June 20 in NW Iran M. Tatar, Denis Hatzfeld To cite this version: M. Tatar, Denis Hatzfeld. Microseismic evidence of slip partitioning for the Rudbar-Tarom earthquake (Ms 7.7) of 1990 June 20 in NW Iran. Geophysical Journal International, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2009, 176 (2), pp.529-541. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03976.x. insu-00419399 HAL Id: insu-00419399 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00419399 Submitted on 11 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Geophys. J. Int. (2009) 176, 529–541 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03976.x Microseismic evidence of slip partitioning for the Rudbar-Tarom earthquake (M s 7.7) of 1990 June 20 in NW Iran M. Tatar1,2 and D. Hatzfeld1 1Laboratoire de Geophysique´ Interne et Tectonophysique, CNRS, Universite´ Joseph Fourier, Maison des Geosciences,´ BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France 2International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, PO Box 19395/3913,Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Accepted 2008 September 12, Received 2008 September 11; in original form 2007 December 12 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/176/2/529/632676 by guest on 11 March 2021 SUMMARY The focal mechanism of the destructive earthquake at Rudbar in northern Iran on 1990 June 20 was an unexpected left-lateral strike-slip motion on a previously unknown fault, the Baklor–Kabateh–Zard-Goli fault, within a complex system of reverse faults.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study on Integrated Water Resources Management for Sefidrud River Basin in the Islamic Republic of Iran
    WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COMPANY THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN THE STUDY ON INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN Final Report Volume I Main Report November 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY GED JR 10-121 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COMPANY THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN THE STUDY ON INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN Final Report Volume I Main Report November 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY THE STUDY ON INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN COMPOSITION OF FINAL REPORT Volume I : Main Report Volume II : Summary Volume III : Supporting Report Currency Exchange Rates used in this Report: USD 1.00 = RIAL 9,553.59 = JPY 105.10 JPY 1.00 = RIAL 90.91 EURO 1.00 = RIAL 14,890.33 (As of 31 May 2008) The Study on Integrated Water Resources Management Executive Summary for Sefidrud River Basin in the Islamic Republic of Iran WATER RESOURCES POTENTIAL AND ITS DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN THE SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN 1 ISSUES OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE BASIN The Islamic Republic of Iran (hereinafter "Iran") is characterized by its extremely unequally distributed water resources: Annual mean precipitation is 250 mm while available per capita water resources is 1,900 m3/year, which is about a quarter of the world mean value. On the other hand, the water demands have been increasing due to a rapid growth of industries, agriculture and the population. About 55 % of water supply depends on the groundwater located deeper than 100 meters in some cases.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Genus Orthops FIEBER (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirinae) in Iran
    Arthropods, 2014, 3(1): 57-69 Article A study on the genus Orthops FIEBER (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirinae) in Iran Reza Hosseini Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Received 10 September 2013; Accepted 1 October 2013; Published online 1 March 2014 Abstract This paper is the extension of a series of synoptic taxonomic treatments on the Miridae known from Guilan and other provinces in Iran. In the genus Orthops FIEBER five species are known from Iran, including Orthops (Montanorthops) pilosulus (Jakovlev, 1877), Orthops (Orthops) frenatus (Horváth, 1894), Orthops (Orthops) basalis (Costa, 1853), Orthops (Orthops) campestris (Linnaeus, 1758) and Orthops (Orthops) kalmii (Linnaeus, 1758). Pinalitus cervinus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1841) as a similar species to Orthops group is included in this study. In this paper diagnoses, host-plant information, distribution data, and illustrated keys to the genera and species are provided. For all species, illustrations of the adults and selected morphological characters are provided to facilitate identification. Keywords Miridae, Orthops; taxonomy; Guilan province. Arthropods ISSN 2224­4255 URL: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/arthropods/online­version.asp RSS: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/arthropods/rss.xml E­mail: [email protected] Editor­in­Chief: WenJun Zhang Publisher: International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 1 Introduction Mirid bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are one of the most species rich families of insects, with approximately 11020 described species. This family comprising eight subfamilies which among them Mirinae subfamily has six tribes, including Herdoniini, Hyalopeplini, Mecistoscelini, Mirini, Resthenini and Stenodemini (Cassis and Schuh, 2012), however Schuh (2013) has added Scutelliferini tribe to the above list.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of the Bidialectism of Gilaki Intermediate Learners in Contrast To
    ELT Voices- International Journal for Teachers of English Volume (6), Issue (4), 52-63 (2016) ISSN Number: 2230-9136 (http://www.eltvoices.in) The Effect of the Bidialectism of Gilaki Intermediate Learners in Contrast to Monolinguals of Farsi Speakers in Learning Speaking Skill of English as a Foreign Language 1 Faridodin Rostami Shirkoohi, 2 Behnam Behforouz 1Department of English Language, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of English Language, University of Buraimi, Al Buraimi, Oman Corresponding email address [email protected] Abstract: Bilingualism and bi-dialectism are two near technical terms which may be used incorrectly. Bilingual is defined as having or using two languages especially as spoken with the fluency characteristic of a native speaker. The present re- search will attempt to examine the relation between knowing two languages and learning a third one. It will be found if those who use two languages, dialects or accents are much more successful during the process of learning a third language or not? 40 Iranian intermediate English as a Foreign Language Learners were selected to participate in this study. A stand- ardized test, PET was conducted in order to ensure that the participants were homogeneous regarding their EFL proficiency. A pre-test was also administered on the writing ability of participants prior to the treatment. The text book which was cov- ered in these classes was Interchange Intro, Third Edition by Cambridge University Press 2005. Classes held in 45 days and 17 sessions. Each session lasted for 1.5 hours. At the end of the course the speaking ability of the learners were tested.
    [Show full text]