Distributed Performance Measurement and Usability Assessment of the Tor Anonymization Network
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Privacy on the Internet: the Vole Ving Legal Landscape Debra A
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Santa Clara University School of Law Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal Volume 16 | Issue 2 Article 10 January 2000 Privacy on the Internet: The volE ving Legal Landscape Debra A. Valentine Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/chtlj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Debra A. Valentine, Privacy on the Internet: The Evolving Legal Landscape , 16 Santa Clara High Tech. L.J. 401 (2000). Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/chtlj/vol16/iss2/10 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal by an authorized administrator of Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PRIVACY ON THE INTERNET: THE EVOLVING LEGAL LANDSCAPE Prepared Remarks of Debra A. Valentinet TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction ................................................................................ 401 II. Privacy on the Internet-The Evolving Legal Landscape ............. 403 A. Federal Trade Commission Act and Informational Privacy ........... 404 B. Other Federal Statutes and Informational Privacy ......................... 408 C. Federal Intemet-Law ................................................................... 410 III. Current Federal Policy on Internet Privacy .................................. 412 IV. The U.S. Approach -
Poster: Introducing Massbrowser: a Censorship Circumvention System Run by the Masses
Poster: Introducing MassBrowser: A Censorship Circumvention System Run by the Masses Milad Nasr∗, Anonymous∗, and Amir Houmansadr University of Massachusetts Amherst fmilad,[email protected] ∗Equal contribution Abstract—We will present a new censorship circumvention sys- side the censorship regions, which relay the Internet traffic tem, currently being developed in our group. The new system of the censored users. This includes systems like Tor, VPNs, is called MassBrowser, and combines several techniques from Psiphon, etc. Unfortunately, such circumvention systems are state-of-the-art censorship studies to design a hard-to-block, easily blocked by the censors by enumerating their limited practical censorship circumvention system. MassBrowser is a set of proxy server IP addresses [14]. (2) Costly to operate: one-hop proxy system where the proxies are volunteer Internet To resist proxy blocking by the censors, recent circumven- users in the free world. The power of MassBrowser comes from tion systems have started to deploy the proxies on shared-IP the large number of volunteer proxies who frequently change platforms such as CDNs, App Engines, and Cloud Storage, their IP addresses as the volunteer users move to different a technique broadly referred to as domain fronting [3]. networks. To get a large number of volunteer proxies, we This mechanism, however, is prohibitively expensive [11] provide the volunteers the control over how their computers to operate for large scales of users. (3) Poor QoS: Proxy- are used by the censored users. Particularly, the volunteer based circumvention systems like Tor and it’s variants suffer users can decide what websites they will proxy for censored from low quality of service (e.g., high latencies and low users, and how much bandwidth they will allocate. -
Copyrighted Material
Anonymizing 1 Your Activities In our daily lives we like to have a certain level of privacy. We have curtains on our win- dows, doors for our offices, and even special screen protectors for computers to keep out prying eyes. This idea of wanting privacy also extends to the use of the Internet. We do not want people knowing what we typed in Google, what we said in our Instant Message conversations, or what websites we visited. Unfortunately, your private information is largely available if someone is watching. When doing any number of things on the Internet, there are plenty of reasons you might want to go incognito. However, that does not mean you’re doing anything wrong or illegal. he justification for anonymity when researching malware and bad guys is pretty Tstraightforward. You do not want information to show up in logs and other records that might tie back to you or your organization. For example, let’s say you work at a finan- cial firm and you recently detected that a banking trojan infected several of your systems. You collected malicious domain names, IP addresses, and other data related to the malware. The next steps you take in your research may lead you to websites owned by the criminals. As a result, if you are not taking precautions to stay anonymous, your IP address will show up in various logs and be visible to miscreants. If the criminals can identify you or the organization from which you conduct your research, they may COPYRIGHTEDchange tactics or go into hiding, MATERIAL thus spoiling your investigation. -
The Right to Privacy and the Future of Mass Surveillance’
‘The Right to Privacy and the Future of Mass Surveillance’ ABSTRACT This article considers the feasibility of the adoption by the Council of Europe Member States of a multilateral binding treaty, called the Intelligence Codex (the Codex), aimed at regulating the working methods of state intelligence agencies. The Codex is the result of deep concerns about mass surveillance practices conducted by the United States’ National Security Agency (NSA) and the United Kingdom Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). The article explores the reasons for such a treaty. To that end, it identifies the discriminatory nature of the United States’ and the United Kingdom’s domestic legislation, pursuant to which foreign cyber surveillance programmes are operated, which reinforces the need to broaden the scope of extraterritorial application of the human rights treaties. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the US and UK foreign mass surveillance se practices interferes with the right to privacy of communications and cannot be justified under Article 17 ICCPR and Article 8 ECHR. As mass surveillance seems set to continue unabated, the article supports the calls from the Council of Europe to ban cyber espionage and mass untargeted cyber surveillance. The response to the proposal of a legally binding Intelligence Codexhard law solution to mass surveillance problem from the 47 Council of Europe governments has been so far muted, however a soft law option may be a viable way forward. Key Words: privacy, cyber surveillance, non-discrimination, Intelligence Codex, soft law. Introduction Peacetime espionage is by no means a new phenomenon in international relations.1 It has always been a prevalent method of gathering intelligence from afar, including through electronic means.2 However, foreign cyber surveillance on the scale revealed by Edward Snowden performed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA), the United Kingdom Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and their Five Eyes partners3 1 Geoffrey B. -
What Data Is Best Kept Private and Why?
What data is best kept private and why? Hi, My name is Catherine Gicheru. I am an ICFJ Knight Fellow and the Director of the African Women Journalism Project, an initiative that works to support, train and mentor women journalists in Africa in covering underreported communities and issues. Last week Arzu Geybulla took you through what online harassment looks like, how to look after your emotional wellbeing and shared resources for psychosocial support. This week, l will be telling you about online privacy...what is it and why it's important. You will learn what information you should or shouldn't share online and how the information you share online can make you vulnerable to online attacks and targeted by bad actors. We shall also share some practical tips on what you can do to protect your privacy online. This week in addition to the videos there will be additional reading materials. I encourage you all to participate in the discussions that we shall be having throughout the week. Thank you for joining me and I look forward to working with you to better understand Online Privacy. I would like to start this second module by quickly talking about how the internet works so that you can better understand what data you share knowingly or unknowingly, and why some information should be kept private. There’s a lot of technical explanations of how the internet works, but the simplest explanation is this, the Internet is a vast, sprawling collection of networks that connect to each other. In fact, the word “Internet” comes from this concept: interconnected networks. -
In Computer Networks, A
Practical No.1 Date:- Title:- Installation of Proxy-Server Windows Server 2003 What is proxy server? In computer networks, a proxy server is a server (a computer system or an application program) that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resource, available from a different server. The proxy server evaluates the request according to its filtering rules. For example, it may filter traffic by IP address or protocol. If the request is validated by the filter, the proxy provides the resource by connecting to the relevant server and requesting the service on behalf of the client. A proxy server may optionally alter the client's request or the server's response, and sometimes it may serve the request wit hout contacting the specified server. In this case, it 'caches' responses from the remote server, and returns subsequent requests for the same content directly . Most proxies are a web proxy, allowing access to content on the World Wide Web. A proxy server has a large variety of potential purposes, including: To keep machines behind it anonymous (mainly for security).[1] To speed up access to resources (using caching). Web proxies are commonly used to cache web pages from a web server.[2] To apply access policy to network services or content, e.g. to block undesired sites. To log / audit usage, i.e. to provide company employee Internet usage reporting. To bypass security/ parental controls. To scan transmitted content for malware before delivery. -
1 Before the U.S. COPYRIGHT OFFICE, LIBRARY of CONGRESS
Before the U.S. COPYRIGHT OFFICE, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS In the Matter of Section 512 Study Docket No. 2015-7 Additional Comments of Electronic Frontier Foundation February 21, 2017 Submitted by: Corynne McSherry Mitch Stoltz Kerry Maeve Sheehan1 Electronic Frontier Foundation 815 Eddy Street San Francisco, CA 94109 Telephone: (415) 436-9333 [email protected] The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) appreciates the Copyright Office’s efforts to consider the impact of section 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. EFF is a member-supported, nonprofit, public interest organization dedicated to ensuring that copyright law advances the progress of science and the arts and enhances freedom of expression. Founded in 1990, EFF represents tens of thousands of dues-paying members, including consumers, hobbyists, computer programmers, entrepreneurs, students, teachers, and researchers, who are united in their desire for a balanced copyright system that provides adequate incentives for creators, facilitates innovation, and ensures broad access to information in the digital age. EFF has been involved, as amicus or party counsel, in numerous court cases interpreting section 512, including Lenz v Universal, Lessig v. Liberation Music, MoveOn v. Viacom, Tuteur v. Wesley Corcoran, Sapient v. Geller, SHARK v. PRCA, Viacom v. YouTube, UMG Recordings v. Veoh, and Columbia Pictures v. Fung. We regularly counsel 1 Kerry Maeve Sheehan is not admitted to practice law. 1 individuals who have been targeted by takedown notices pursuant to the DMCA regarding their rights and options. We have also represented the interests of users and innovators on multiple formal and informal public processes assessing the notice and takedown system, in the United States and abroad. -
Threat Modeling and Circumvention of Internet Censorship by David Fifield
Threat modeling and circumvention of Internet censorship By David Fifield A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor J.D. Tygar, Chair Professor Deirdre Mulligan Professor Vern Paxson Fall 2017 1 Abstract Threat modeling and circumvention of Internet censorship by David Fifield Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science University of California, Berkeley Professor J.D. Tygar, Chair Research on Internet censorship is hampered by poor models of censor behavior. Censor models guide the development of circumvention systems, so it is important to get them right. A censor model should be understood not just as a set of capabilities|such as the ability to monitor network traffic—but as a set of priorities constrained by resource limitations. My research addresses the twin themes of modeling and circumvention. With a grounding in empirical research, I build up an abstract model of the circumvention problem and examine how to adapt it to concrete censorship challenges. I describe the results of experiments on censors that probe their strengths and weaknesses; specifically, on the subject of active probing to discover proxy servers, and on delays in their reaction to changes in circumvention. I present two circumvention designs: domain fronting, which derives its resistance to blocking from the censor's reluctance to block other useful services; and Snowflake, based on quickly changing peer-to-peer proxy servers. I hope to change the perception that the circumvention problem is a cat-and-mouse game that affords only incremental and temporary advancements. -
Is the Market for Digital Privacy a Failure?1
Is the Market for Digital Privacy a Failure?1 Caleb S. Fuller2 Abstract Why do many digital firms rely on collecting consumer information–a practice that survey evidence shows is widely disliked? Why don’t they, instead, charge a fee that would protect privacy? This paper empirically adjudicates between two competing hypotheses. The first holds that firms pursue this strategy because consumers are ill-informed and thus susceptible to exploitation. The second holds that this strategy reasonably approximates consumer preferences. By means of survey, I test a.) the extent of information asymmetry in digital markets, b.) consumers’ valuation of privacy, and c.) whether government failure contributes to consumer mistrust of information collection. My results indicate that a.) the extent of information asymmetry is minimal, b.) there is significant divergence between “notional” and “real” demand for privacy and c.) that government contributes to consumer distrust of information collection by private firms. Significantly, almost 82% of Google users are unwilling to pay anything for increased digital privacy. JEL-Classification: D23, K29, Z18 Keywords: privacy paradox, digital privacy, survey, market failure 1 I wish to thank Alessandro Acquisti, Peter Leeson, Chris Coyne, Peter Boettke, David Lucas, Noah Gould, and Nicholas Freiling for helpful suggestions. All errors are my own. I am also indebted to the Mercatus Center for providing funding for the survey conducted by Haven Insights LLC. 2 Assistant professor of economics, Grove City College, Email: 1 INTRODUCTION Google’s motto is “Don’t Be Evil.” But the fact that the company surreptitiously collects the information of over one billion individuals annually leads some to question whether the firm’s business model runs afoul of its dictum (Hoofnagle 2009). -
Principles of Internet Privacy
Maurer School of Law: Indiana University Digital Repository @ Maurer Law Articles by Maurer Faculty Faculty Scholarship 2000 Principles of Internet Privacy Fred H. Cate Indiana University Maurer School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub Part of the Computer Law Commons, and the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation Cate, Fred H., "Principles of Internet Privacy" (2000). Articles by Maurer Faculty. 243. https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/243 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by Maurer Faculty by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Principles of Internet Privacy FRED H. CATE* I. INTRODUCTION Paul Schwartz's InternetPrivacy and the State makes an important and original contribution to the privacy debate that is currently raging by be- ginning the process of framing a new and more useful understanding of what "privacy" is and why and how it should be protected.' The definition developed by Brandeis, Warren,2 and Prosser,3 and effectively codified by Alan Westin in 1967---"the claim of individuals, groups, or institutions to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent information about them is communicated to others"---worked well in a world in which most privacy concerns involved physical intrusions (usually by the government) or public disclosures (usually by the media), which, by their very nature, were comparatively rare and usually discovered. -
How to Download Torrent Anonymously How to Download Torrent Anonymously
how to download torrent anonymously How to download torrent anonymously. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. What can I do to prevent this in the future? If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Cloudflare Ray ID: 66b6c3aaaba884c8 • Your IP : 188.246.226.140 • Performance & security by Cloudflare. Download Torrents Anonymously: 6 Safe And Easy Ways. Who doesn’t want to know how to download torrents anonymously? The thing is, in order to download torrents anonymously you don’t need to have a lot of technical know-how. All you need to download torrents anonymously is some grit and a computer with an internet connection. The technology world never remains the same. In fact, new development and discoveries come to the surface of this industry every day. They also come into the attention of online users every year. Moreover, this allows us to do much more than we could do in the past, in faster and easier ways. A highly relevant aspect to mention at this stage is that: Now we can also download torrents anonymously from best torrent sites. -
World-Wide Web Proxies
World-Wide Web Proxies Ari Luotonen, CERN Kevin Altis, Intel April 1994 Abstract 1.0 Introduction A WWW proxy server, proxy for short, provides access to The primary use of proxies is to allow access to the Web the Web for people on closed subnets who can only access from within a firewall (Fig. 1). A proxy is a special HTTP the Internet through a firewall machine. The hypertext [HTTP] server that typically runs on a firewall machine. server developed at CERN, cern_httpd, is capable of run- The proxy waits for a request from inside the firewall, for- ning as a proxy, providing seamless external access to wards the request to the remote server outside the firewall, HTTP, Gopher, WAIS and FTP. reads the response and then sends it back to the client. cern_httpd has had gateway features for a long time, but In the usual case, the same proxy is used by all the clients only this spring they were extended to support all the within a given subnet. This makes it possible for the proxy methods in the HTTP protocol used by WWW clients. Cli- to do efficient caching of documents that are requested by ents don’t lose any functionality by going through a proxy, a number of clients. except special processing they may have done for non- native Web protocols such as Gopher and FTP. The ability to cache documents also makes proxies attrac- tive to those not inside a firewall. Setting up a proxy server A brand new feature is caching performed by the proxy, is easy, and the most popular Web client programs already resulting in shorter response times after the first document have proxy support built in.