amaghosh was the Shatwata Chedi King of Vidarbha. His son was DShishupala and Shishupala's son was Saubharaja. Their capital Shuktipura was on the bank of river Shuktimatee close by mount Shuktiman which was one of seven Kulachalas of India. Mahendro malayaha sahyaha suktiman gandhamadanaha. bindhyascha paripatrascha sapteite cha kulachalaha. (Mahabharata-Bhismaparba-nabama adhyaya-11th Sloka) These seven with the Himalayas constitute the Eight Kulachalas of India. A branch of Shisupala Chedi of Vidarbha founded Lord Jagannath south Koshala and Kalinga. According to the Puranas the Bhojas, and Odisha the Shatwatas and the Andhakas were offshoots of the Yadava family. Krishna was the Chief of the Shatwatas. The Chedis were an Siva Prosad Das offshoot of the Shatwatas. Hence, it was the descendants of Sri Krishna who founded Kalinga. When Arjuna Pandava burnt the corpse of Krishna, his visceral remnants flowed by the ocean as far as the coast of Kalinga and from this visceral people built the image of Jagannath. The legend suggests that the Shatwata Chedis founded Kalinga. The Andhra Kings were otherwise called Satabahanas or Shatwatayans. The country of Andhra has been named after the Andhaka branch of the Shatwata family. It is evident that the Andhakas founded Andhra. The Aitareya Brahmana mentions Vidarbha, Andhra and Kalinga together at one place as the two latter countries wer colonised a little later than Vidarbha. ODISHA REVIEW * May-June - 2015 71 The legend of Gaya is in resonance to and the sea nearby became deep and all above-mentioned facts, which legend tells navigable for being a harbour. us that the Shatwata Bhojas founded Anga, Nilachalabare bipraha Pura nilasharupadhk. Vanga and Kalinga. This Kalinga extended from Idanim tu Jagannatho bhati darablilaya |8| the Krishna River to the Kapisa and Andhra became a separate country afterwards. (Addhyaya-3 - Kapila Samhita) It is undisputable that Andhra, Kalinga It is said in Kapila Samhita that and Koshala Indradyumna, king of Malawa, came to stretching right from Purusottam in train of the sea coast and army, people, priests including the and learned people, versed in the hinterland of Shastras, and found Vidarbha in days of Rohini Tirtha sub- yore were inhabited merged into the Patal by the Savaras. We and Vishnu covered learn from under sand (Chapter mythological IV). He erected a sources, specially temple on the hill top from the Kapila and installed new Samhita and from wooden images Madala Panji of Puri therein. Indradyumna temple that one had to face a quarrel Savara King, with Galamadhava, Viswavasu, was the the then ruling Savara ruling Savara Chief Chief as to the of the area, where ownership and worship of the deity. But, this now Jagannath temple exists. There was then wrangling was patched up. Gala gave his no human dwelling in that area and the Savara daughter in marriage to a Brahmin and the chief used to worship a blue stone image descendants of this couple had the right of (Neelamadhab ?) on the top of a hill (Neelachal service of the deity and became the Daitas and or Neela Saila ?). The tract round the hill was Suaras of the temple. full of forests and the coastal land there being low, the tract used to be inundated during flow Whatever may be the veracity of the tide just as we find at Chandipur. Due to storms two legends or anecdotes of the viscera of Shri and cyclones the land emerged from the sea Krishna and Indradyumna, they indicate events and the hill with its deity became covered up and facts of past history. It was the scions of by deposit of sand, where later on people the Yadava family of Saurastra and Malwa, who inhabited the place and built a temple there, founded settlements in Koshala, Kalinga and 72 ODISHA REVIEW * May-June - 2015 Andhra, and built a town at Purusottama Puri like gold, jewels, gems and pearls are not put and installed Lord Jagannath in a shrine. We for sale does not deserve to be a holy place of come across the following lines in Chapter II of pilgrimage. Kapila Samhita. Athaba samudratire kushalagtaratnapota sambadhe Pura treta yuge brahman sukantinamtaha shrutaha. ghananichulalinajalachara sphitamushabalikrutapante. Bramhanaha sarbasastrajnaha nitijnaha pulahatmajaha |6| On the sea coast where safely come mahendra parbate tisthan sa praha pitaram dyujaha. ships loaded with gems and meet at places of * * * water splashed by sea-animals hiding in the dense cane plants. Brajatwam sumana bhutwa phaladam bindhyaparbatam |9| (Brihat Samhita) * * * The Kalinga people, who were Bindhyadasmat gamishyami paschat purbasagaram |16| commercial - minded, ascribed to ports and * * * harbours virtues of a pilgrimage to attract Mahanaditi bikhyata gamishyamyat sarbada |32| people's assemblage. There was no holy place which was not also a trade centre. Thus there The Brahmins were the explorers of the grew up several trade centres and pilgrimages length and breadth of India, and were the where world famous pagodas were erected, forerunners and advisors of the Kshatriya race. Jagannath, Konaraka, Viraja (Dhamra) and According to their discoveries the Kshatriyas Bargabhima (Tamluk). Thus the port and in the vicinity of the Vindhyas settled in and harbour of Puri acquired the virtue and occupied Koshala, Kalinga and Andhra. privilege of being one of the four greatest This Indradyumna might be a mythical pilgrimages or Dhams of India, and as late as King, but the story is there and the facts are the seventh century of the Christian era it could there, and we cannot set the Puranas and attract the interest and attention of the Chinese Samhitas at naught. It can be presumed that pilgrim Yuan Chwang who visits and describes he was a forefather of our Kharavela. it as Shreekshetra (chilichetala). During heyday period of Kalinga's In course of long years, nay centuries, oversea trade and overseas empire. Puri the temple, erected by Indradyumna, dwindled, harbour played an important role. Nature and the present world famous pagoda of Lord helped its formation and construction. Sand Jagannath was constructed by the Cholaganga mass of the bed of the sea rose up to the rock king, Anangabhima Deva. on the coast and there was both a town and a The Lord and His temple have exercised harbour. untold influence and hold not only on the Oriya The Brihat Samhita lays down that a people but also on all Indians. At a time when place that has no daily congregation of ships Indian religion was at stake in North India and and where valuable commodities and treasures religious sites like those of Somnath, Mathura ODISHA REVIEW * May-June - 2015 73 and Varanasi were desecrated by Indradyumna installed wooden statues Muhammadan invasion from the North, Orissa of deities instead of stone statue of gave a new vigour to our religion and religious Nilamadhava. But wood is liable to perish or sites, and holy centres. World famous pagodas deteriorate in time. The trunk of neem tree of Bhubaneswar, Puri and Konarka were being worm-proof, that wood is used for this erected, and attracted all people from every purpose and in about every twelve years, when nook and corner of entire India. Jagannath Puri there cyclically come two lunar months of became the supreme centre of our religion and Asharha, the statues are rebuilt with new neem culture. The monumental supreme structure of trunk which is called Nabakalebara of the the pagoda of Jagannath made the life of the deities. Our deities will have Nabakalebar this Oriya people buzzing. People became so year. earnest and zealous that a hundered-thousand The Mukti Mandap Mahasabha of temple had been erected throughout the length Pandits, versed in Shastric Iore, guide us and and breadth of Orissa, where our Lord decide all social and religious problems of Jagannath has been installed. Go to any village Oriyas. A number of Maths sponsor and in Orissa, one will find the Lord - installed in a encourage education and learning. The Lord temple, if not in a temple at least in many of has tied up all Oriya people by a knot of the households. fraternity and cultural unity. Everywhere Any Indian has great reverence to see throughout the country one would see a the Lord on the car during the car festival in Jagannath temple and the deity in all the month of Asharha. They have a great zeal considerable villages with a group of smaller to come to Puri at the time of the festival. villages, clustering round the larger ones and People from all parts of India assemble at Puri celebrating the car festival in a sense of unity. to witness the festival, and to have a Darshan All the Oriyas are dedicated to the Jagannath of Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra, the Dharma. three deities. They do not mind if on the occasion for strain of journey or other reasons they lose their lives. They believe there is no rebirth if one sees Lord Vamana on the Car, and consider it a pious boon to die at Puri. N.B. : Reprinted from Orissa Review, July, 1969. 74 ODISHA REVIEW * May-June - 2015.