Quarterly Report #3 FY2019 Livestock Development Program April – June 2019

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Fintrac Inc. www.fintrac.com [email protected]

US Virgin Islands 3077 Kronprindsens Gade 72 St. Thomas, USVI 00802 Tel: (340) 776-7600 Fax: (340) 776-7601

Washington, DC 1400 16th Street, NW, Suite 400 Washington, D.C. 20036 USA Tel: (202) 462-8475 Fax: (202) 462-8478

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program (FTFZ-LD) Suite 1, West Block Westgate Shopping Complex Westgate, Zimbabwe Tel: +263 242 309050 [email protected] www.fintrac.com

Cover Photo: Favi Sibanda and his wife Sibongile Fani working together during a hay baling exercise at their farm

All Photos by Fintrac Inc.

July 2019 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared by Fintrac Inc. under contract AID-613-C-15-00001 with USAID/Zimbabwe.

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

CONTENTS ACRONYM LIST 4 FOREWORD 5 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 2. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES 10 3. ACTIVITIES 13

3.1 BENEFICIARIES 14

3.2 INCREASING INCOMES 15

3.3 INCREASING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY 18

3.4 IMPROVING NUTRITION AND HYGIENE STATUS 29

3.5 IMPROVING THE CAPACITY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 34

4. ENVIRONMENT 38

4.1 TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 38

4.2 EMMP 38 4.2.1. Animal Husbandry Activities 39 4.2.2: Animal Health Activities 39 4.2.3: Animal Handling Facilities 40

5. GENDER 42

5.1 WOMEN LEADERS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION 42

5.2 WOMEN AND YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TRAINING 43

5.3 WOMEN DECISION-MAKING, TIME SPEND, AND INCOME CONTROL 43

5.4 INVESTMENT AND OWNERSHIP OF PRODUCTIVE ASSETS 44

5.5 ACCESS TO FINANCE 45

5.6 ACCESS TO MARKETS 45

5.7 TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION 45

6. LESSONS LEARNED 47 7. CHALLENGES 48 8. ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR NEXT QUARTER 49 9. FINANCIAL SUMMARY 50 ANNEX 1: SNAPSHOTS 51 ANNEX 2. FTFZ-LD ILLUSTRATIVE INDICATORS 56 ANNEX 3. LIST OF BUYERS 59 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

ANNEX 4. LIST OF INPUT SUPPLIERS 60 ANNEX 5. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFICIARIES 61

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

ACRONYM LIST AGRITEX Department of Agricultural, Technical, and Extension Services AHS Annual Household Survey AI Artificial Insemination CIRIS Client Impact and Results Information System DLPD Division of Livestock Production and Development DVS Department of Veterinary Services EMMP Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan FTF Feed the Future FY Fiscal Year GAPs Good Agricultural Practice(s) GAHPs Good Animal Husbandry Practice(s) GBV Gender-based Violence ISAL Internal Savings and Lending LOP Life of Program MCC Milk Collection Center M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MFI Microfinance Institution MOU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Nongovernmental Organization NRM Natural Resource Management NRs Natural / Agro-ecological Regions PERSUAP Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safer Use Action Plan PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPLS Production Productivity Lending and Savings groups RTGS$ The local Zimbabwean currency introduced on 1 March 20191 SSC Small-Scale Commercial USAID United States Agency for International Development WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

1 Average exchange rate RTGS$ /USD for April-June 2019 was 4.3505; April: 3.1534; May: 3.8802 and June: 6.0179 (Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe) Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

FOREWORD The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program began June 23, 2015 and runs through June 22, 2020. The overall goal of the activity is to provide inclusive economic opportunities to smallholder farmers and other actors along the beef and dairy value chains by sustainably increasing their production, productivity, and incomes to enhance food security, nutrition, and poverty reduction. The program focuses on commercializing low-income and food-insecure households in agro-ecological regions (NRs) III, IV, and V with the potential to move from subsistence to small-scale commercial beef and dairy farmers through the promotion and adoption of good agricultural and animal husbandry practices, marketing, hygiene and nutritional practices, and building market linkages that not only generate income but also increase farmers’ overall resilience, food security, and improved nutritional and hygienic status. In addition, the program aims to increase the institutional and organizational capacity of local organizations working with the program. The program is building demand for smallholder-produced beef and dairy products by focusing on quality, continuity of supply, and cost competitiveness. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program also collaborates with the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Crop Development program and other donor programs to provide specialized technical support to produce nutritious crops that sustainably increase the availability of these foods among beneficiary households. Fintrac implements the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program in collaboration with local private companies (see Annex 3 & 4), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the Division of Livestock Production and Development (DLPD), the Department of Agricultural Technical and Extension Services (AGRITEX), the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS), and other government departments involved in the beef and dairy value chains. Local NGOs and commercial companies work with the program as development partners to co-fund purchases of essential inputs and new technologies for demonstration purposes on a cost-recovery basis. In summary, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is a market-driven program that works closely with small, medium, and large-scale buyers to stimulate demand and increase competitiveness for smallholder-produced beef and dairy products. The program directly contributes to food availability and access by concurrently increasing production and raising incomes of rural households in selected areas.

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is the 16th quarterly report for the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program funded by USAID/Zimbabwe under contract AID-613-C-15-00001 and implemented by Fintrac Inc. The report presents activity achievements, results on some performance indicators,2 and anecdotal information from beneficiaries over the period of April to June 2019 (Q3 Fiscal Year [FY] 2019).

The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is providing technical assistance to reduce poverty and increase food security among 1,800 beef and 1,200 dairy smallholder households in the districts of , Chirumhanzu, Gokwe South, , , and , which all fall in NRs III, IV, and V. The program focuses on reducing the prevalence of poverty; increasing incomes and agricultural production and productivity; and improving household nutritional and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) status. In addition, the program is building the capacity of local organizations to implement agricultural development programs. Program activities during the quarter focused on: ● Training, technical assistance, and mobilizing cattle farmers for off the rangeland cattle sales to abattoirs working with the program. ● Training and technical assistance on production and productivity-enhancing good animal husbandry practices (GAHPs), dosing, vaccination, construction of appropriate cattle handling facilities, and calf-rearing techniques. ● Training and technical assistance on business skills, including farming as family business, recordkeeping, market intelligence, contract management, credit management, farm planning, group marketing, and enterprise budgeting. ● Training and technical assistance on drought mitigation strategies, including mobilizing and facilitating procurement of supplementary and survival feeds; and sensitizing farmers on herd rationalization and purposeful destocking through off-the-rangeland sales of unproductive animals which include old oxen and cull cows. ● Training and technical assistance on fodder flow planning, fodder production, harvesting, preservation, and conservation. ● Expanding the formal and informal marketing of milk and dairy products produced by program beneficiaries. ● Expanding and strengthening linkages of beneficiaries and other value chain players to credit and finance providers. ● Creating awareness of and providing training and technical assistance on cross-cutting issues, such as gender, environment, nutrition, and WASH. ● Building the capacity of farmers’ groups, milk collection centers, and the private sector companies working with the program. Skills transfer and best practices in monitoring and evaluation were shared with local partners implementing USAID-funded agricultural development programs. Farmer groups were trained in record keeping, credit management, and cattle marketing among other training areas. Private sector companies were given assistance in understanding the operations of smallholder farmers.

Activities during the quarter focused on increasing smallholder farmers’ production and productivity through tactical good agricultural and animal husbandry practices coupled with a holistic and whole farm approach to farming as a family business.

2 Full results on all indicators will be available in the fourth quarter once the 2nd round of the Annual Household Survey, a sample survey, is completed among randomly selected program beneficiaries. The Annual Household Survey collects data on 20 of 32 indicators monitored by the program. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Farmers were encouraged to adopt some drought mitigation measures to include stock piling fodder, culling off unproductive cattle, and destocking and investing the proceeds in animal feed and veterinary drugs for the remaining herd. Across all program sites, the program continued to strengthen partnerships with private sector companies and stakeholders through joint training sessions, technical days, and workshops to ensure the sustainability of all program interventions. Strengthening and consolidation of the village milk and beef aggregation models continued, aimed at reducing transaction costs, increasing the number of smallholder farmers participating, and accessing larger and formal markets.

Cattle diseases – particularly tick borne – remained the biggest challenge in all program areas due to favorable tick breeding conditions and a breakdown in the government-managed dipping services due to the lack of resources in purchasing adequate acaricides. In , Lumpy skin and Senkobo were also prevalent.

The inflationary environment and the re-introduction of a local currency brought uncertainties into the market, affecting disbursement of credit by MFIs and the sale of cattle as farmers began to use their animals as a hedge against inflation. In addition, the cost of inputs – in particular animal feed, chemicals, and equipment – continued to rise affecting on-farm investments and adoption of GAPs and GAHPs.

Despite the challenges, notable achievements were made in linking more beneficiaries to formal milk and beef markets; improving linkages to financial sources; demonstrating and promoting the adoption of GAPs and GAHPs; and building farmers’ net worth through activities supporting herd growth and improvement, and promoting on-farm investments. Specific achievements in this quarter included: ● A total of 1,112 farmers, (52 percent women and 16 percent youth) compared to 785 in the previous quarter, received training and/or one-on-one technical assistance from program personnel on GAPs, GAHPs, business skills, marketing, environment, gender, nutrition, and WASH. Eight hundred and fifty-seven (857) were beef farmers (54 percent women) and 255 were dairy farmers (47 percent women). ● The program linked 91 farmers (43 percent women), to existing and new networks of formal markets. Thirty-seven beef farmers (41 percent women) were linked to formal markets, while 54 dairy producers (44 percent women) were linked to formal markets. ● One hundred and nine smallholder dairy farmers (53 percent women) working with the program in Gweru, Gokwe South, Chirumhanzu, and Umzingwane districts recorded sales of 83,271 liters of raw milk worth $31,628 into formal markets, compared to 87,153 liters in the previous quarter. The 4.5 percent decline was mainly due to disruption of marketing activities in Chirumhanzu as processor Venge Stores and Mushagashe Milk Collection Center stopped receiving milk from program beneficiaries, citing limited product markets and cash flow challenges respectively. The program is working with small-scale farmers in Chirumhanzu to assist them in accessing larger formal milk markets with more consistent demand. Village aggregator Sarah Ndodha was certified to start delivering milk to Dairibord – Gweru as from mid-July 2019. ● Sixty-six beef farmers sold 97 cattle off the rangeland worth $34,414 to abattoirs and registered butcheries during the review period. ● The program continued to deliberately intensify and diversify program interventions on existing beneficiaries in order to increase program impact and outcomes while positive results from Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

program interventions continue to attract new beneficiaries. A total of 972 households (58 percent) who have received training and technical assistance in FY2019 have worked with the program in previous years. ● The program continued to promote technologies and management practices that enhance production and productivity at lead farmer-hosted demonstration centers in collaboration with AGRITEX, DVS, and private sector companies. Technologies promoted include: low-cost maintenance feed formulation and supplementary feeding, fodder flow planning and production, appropriate livestock handling facilities, good herd health management practices (vaccinations; deworming; dipping; and disease prevention, control, and treatment), hygienic handling of milk, improved breeding, and good calf management. ● The program trained and offered technical assistance to 850 beneficiaries (55 percent women) on nutrition-related topics and 770 beneficiaries (54 percent women) on WASH-related topics to promote positive behavior change. A whole farm approach3 was used to provide GAHPs in rearing livestock, including small stock (poultry, goats, rabbits, and sheep) and GAPs in the production of a diverse range of crops (vegetables, legumes, fruit trees, and cereals) to improve WASH, dietary diversity, and food security. In addition, the program dedicated the whole month of May 2019 to commemorating World Milk Day under the theme “milk day every day.” ● The program, in conjunction with meat processors, conducted a capacity building workshop for 13 cattle marketing agents from lower Chipinge to strengthen and improve their skills to efficiently mobilize and aggregate beef cattle for formal markets. ● Thirty-four private organizations/associations, including four women’s groups, received training and technical assistance to strengthen their capacity to manage key business functions. Training and technical assistance focused on cost benefit analysis; financial management; leadership skills; decision making processes; cash budgeting; action planning; collective input procurement and product consolidation; group funding and bundling group savings; and governance issues. ● The program assisted 53 farmers (57 percent women) to access loans worth $4,588 from formal and informal sources. The loans were invested in livestock infrastructure, solar equipment, breeding females, fencing, and working capital (veterinary drugs and animal feed). ● The program trained 648 beneficiaries (54 percent women) in environmental subjects to include climate change; woodlot/orchard establishment; control of soil erosion; and safe disposal of chemicals. There is a notable improvement on all monitored EMMP indicators in both beef and dairy areas, indicating a positive response to program messaging. ● Thus far, 68 percent of the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s budget has been disbursed. After 48 months of implementation, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is on course to meet its objectives. A summary of performance against PMP indicators is shown in Annex 2. Preliminary results from the first round of the annual household survey (AHS) are reported where applicable. In the coming quarter, the program will intensify training and technical assistance on GAHPs and GAPs to encourage increased production and productivity, animal health, and disease control. The program will continue facilitating increased links to formal markets for beef and dairy farmers, supporting the development of centers of excellence to showcase best practices and impact of GAPs and GAHPs, and supporting farmers in accessing finance. Activities under the Grants under Contract will be intensified to

3 Farming approach which views production and productivity from all agricultural activities and enterprises in a holistic manner/at the farm as a whole and not as individual enterprises. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019 buttress the planned training and technical assistance; linkages to formal markets; and accessing improved technology.

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

2. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is to provide inclusive economic opportunities that sustainably reduce poverty and increase food security, incomes, WASH, and nutrition status of 1,800 beef and 1,200 dairy smallholder farmers in natural regions (NRs) III, IV, and V.4 The program focuses on increasing production, productivity, and market linkages of beef and dairy farmers as a means of increasing their food security, incomes, hygiene, and nutritional status. These goals will be accomplished through the achievement of three intermediate results (IRs): ● Increased sustainable agricultural production, productivity, and incomes of targeted beef and dairy smallholder farmers through increased market linkages; access to appropriate credit and finance; adoption of GAPs/GAHPs and technologies; and investment. ● Improved hygiene and nutrition-related behaviors through training and technical assistance on good household nutrition, hygiene, and sanitation practices as well as exclusive breastfeeding. ● Increased organizational capacity of local organizations to implement USAID-funded agricultural development programs by transferring skills and capacity building, sharing best practices, and attracting investments from private sector organizations partnering with the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program.

The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program concentrates on profitable beef and dairy production and income generation through appropriate and sustainable interventions5 that improve the livelihoods of vulnerable livestock owners. These activities will help rural families transition from subsistence to commercial farming and increase their net worth through investment in cattle and other on-farm productivity-enhancing assets.

Figure 1 summarizes the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s implementation approach. Interventions will sustainably raise production, productivity, and incomes from smallholder beef and dairy systems; improve hygiene practices and behaviors; increase the availability and utilization of nutritious foods; expand market access and availability of credit and finance across value chains; add value to beef and dairy products; and boost agricultural investment and the adoption of best practices by local implementers. To maximize outreach and ensure sustainability, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is partnering with commercial companies, NGOs, and relevant government departments. Collaboration with the government has enabled easy entry into target areas and led to the sharing of technical information and training platforms, and will also be used to enable a sustainable program exit. Developing commercial partnerships through a national network of agribusinesses strengthens farmers’ access to markets with fair prices, provides working capital and finance at realistic rates, supplies inputs efficiently, and provides extension and training to growers as an embedded cost. Partnerships focus on establishing service provision options at market rates. During the fourth year (FY2019), program activities are focusing on: ● Implementing the whole farm approach as the first step toward commercialization and improving beneficiaries’ incomes, food security, and resilience.

4 The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s goals have been aligned with Development Objective 1 of USAID/Zimbabwe’s new CDCS 2016 – 2021. 5 Interventions such as herd rationalization combined with linkages to abattoirs and auction sales; use of low cost feed sources; production and implementation of fodder plans; linkages with sources of finance and input suppliers. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

● Implementing the beef-dairy concept and the village aggregator model to facilitate and foster linkages with formal and informal markets to increase demand for smallholder beef and dairy products. ● Identifying high-potential and viable beef and dairy agribusiness hubs in targeted regions and establishing sustainable market linkages ● Ensuring the competitiveness of smallholder beef and dairy sectors by improving productivity and efficiency. ● Creating more sustainable markets and harnessing new private sector investment in smallholder beef and dairy production by supporting innovative business models in formal and informal sectors. ● Linking market players to smallholder livestock farmers in identified agribusiness hubs through creating commercial partnerships with input suppliers; expanding the availability of inputs for beef and dairy farmers; and introducing low- to no-cost interventions that improve productivity, animal health, and nutrition. ● Demonstrating the high-investment returns achieved by employing low-cost technologies and improved management practices. ● Facilitating access to capital, finance, and credit for all value chain actors to facilitate investment. ● Improving overall household health and nutrition through improved dietary diversity (e.g., by incorporating livestock products) and trainings on household nutrition and proper sanitation. ● Prioritizing coordination with other USAID, donor, and government investments in the target areas to maximize leveraging and impact per dollar spent. ● Building the capacity of local businesses, producer groups, and other community institutions to ensure adherence to USAID operational standards. ● Providing demand-driven training and technical assistance to address site-specific challenges. ● Identifying opportunities for beneficiaries to generate high returns with minimal resources. ● Empowering women and youth. The strategy continues to mainstream gender and youth to ensure sustainable, inclusive, and transformative agricultural-led economic growth and monitors progress from baseline to quantifiably report on impact. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019 Figure 1: Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program Results Framework Summary

IMPACT PROJECT GOAL: Provide inclusive economic opportunities that sustainably reduce poverty and improve food security and nutrition and (Long-term results) build resilience of rural households in Zimbabwe.

OUTCOMES (Intermediary Increased organizational capacity of local Increased sustainable agricultural production, Improved nutrition and hygiene practices and Results) implementing organizations productivity, and incomes behaviors

Increased Increased adoption of best implementation Increased Increased organizational Increased Improved Increased OUTPUTS effectiveness of private sector adoption of Expanded Improved practices. access to Improved access to and prevalence of (Sub IRs) agricultural investment in GAPS and market access hygiene (Management; credit and utilization of exclusive programs by the agriculture management and value chain NRM behaviors HR; ethics; M&E; local integration finance nutritious foods breastfeeding USAID regulatory sector practices organizations compliance etc.)

INPUTS AND Capacity Promote Trainings (GAPS, Promote social Finance, ACTIVITIES Partnerships and development techniques for Market technologies, Quality and inclusion of and sharing BDS credit, and (Including cross- collaboration climate change linkages management skills, standards women and investment cutting) best practices adaptation nutrition, hygiene) youth Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

3. ACTIVITIES

Inadequate rains during the 2018/19 farming season continued to cause widespread poor performance of the rangeland in all program areas. This also resulted in the early commencement of the dry season and the dangers of wild fires on the rangelands. Widespread and uncontrolled fires on the rangelands have already been experienced in Umzingwane, Kwekwe, Chirumanzu, and Gweru. The program recommended that farmers engage local leadership to deal with the situation, by forming firefighting groups and constructing fire guards to protect established paddocks.

Cattle diseases – particularly tick borne – remained the biggest challenge in all program areas due to the favorable tick breeding conditions and the breakdown in the government-managed dipping services due to the lack of resources in purchasing adequate acaricides. Lumpy skin and Senkobo were prevalent in Kwekwe District. The program is encouraging beneficiaries to practice on-farm tick control using PERSUAP compliant chemicals applied with knapsack sprayers to minimize livestock loss from tick-borne diseases. The program also focused on empowering farmers to take ultimate responsibility for their animal health and to mobilize individual or group resources to safeguard productivity and reduce herd mortality. The program activities during the quarter focused on increasing smallholder farmers’ production and productivity through tactical good agricultural and animal husbandry practices coupled with a holistic and whole farm approach to farming as a family business. The program continued to train farmers on GAPS and GAHPS to include fodder production, harvesting, conservation, and utilization; herd rationalization; good cattle nutrition; herd health for the provision of primary animal health care through routine dosing, vaccinations, and dipping; cattle breeding for herd improvement, growth, and increased lactations; and general herd management to include establishment of appropriate cattle handling facilities, dehorning, and herd rationalization through appropriate culling and replacement policies. The program also focused on linking farmers to sustainable input and output markets and to credit to improve investments in their beef and dairy enterprises. Additionally, the program imparted business development skills such as marketing intelligence and recordkeeping for beneficiaries, and building the skills and capacity of all value chain actors to improve their efficiencies when transacting in the fragmented smallholder beef and dairy markets. Cross-cutting activities including gender, environment, nutrition, and WASH were integrated into all technical activities. The program infused the village milk and beef aggregation models as a way of consolidating smallholder commodities for sale to larger and formal markets across all operational sites. The aggregation models aimed at reducing the transaction costs in the face of low production and sales volumes in less developed rural value chains thereby enhancing the first mile distribution of products from smallholder farmers. The aggregation models also provided a sustainable means of disaggregating agricultural inputs to enhance a cost effective last mile distribution of inputs. During the review period, collaborative efforts with private sector partners were intensified to ensure sustainability of technical interventions after the program ends. The program partnered with private sector partners in rolling out dairy feed demonstrations and provision of capacity building of beef and milk aggregators. The program also provided capacity building to private sector companies to include MC meats, Gain Cash and Carry, Dairibord Zimbabwe, Molus Meats, Gokwe MCC, and Venge Stores on viability analysis, market pricing, input and output service bundling, market development, and how to embed technical extension messages into their business models. The program dedicated the entire month of May to celebrating World Milk Day across all program sites including Chipinge and Kwekwe districts which are not traditional dairy areas. The celebration stimulated a lot of interest from stakeholders (Zimbabwe Association of Dairy Farmers, Zimbabwe Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Dairy Industry Trust, Dairy Services, Division of Veterinary Services, and other NGOs) and private sector companies including Dairibord Zimbabwe, and resulted in a proposal to initiate seasonal dairying as a way to increase incomes from beef herds in the predominantly beef districts, as well as help increase milk delivered to the large scale processors. Currently most processors are operating at below 40 percent of capacity due to low national milk production. The program continues to promote resilience building interventions among beneficiaries. Following Cyclone Idai which hit Zimbabwe in March 2019, program beneficiaries continued to demonstrate their resilience through construction of sanitation facilities; refurbishment of damaged farm buildings; treating their drinking water by boiling or using aqua tablets to safeguard families from cholera and waterborne diseases; continued harvesting and stockpiling of hay and pods from the rangeland to feed their livestock during the lean season; and selling their small and large livestock in order to procure grain for food security. The sections below describe the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program activities during the quarter in five categories including results on some of the 32 monitored indicators: ● Beneficiaries6 : Number, gender balance, geographical spread, and types of support received. ● Incremental Sales and Income: Amount of new money earned by beneficiaries, measured by sales of all agricultural products including through strengthening of market linkages. ● Productivity: Direct interventions resulting in increased production and net returns from beef and dairy production. This also includes interventions that improve access to finance, credit and investment; developing business skills among beneficiary farmers and collaborating partners; and promoting farmer-led extension systems. ● Nutrition and Hygiene: Interventions targeted for positive behavior change in nutrition, and WASH activities. ● Organizational Capacity Development: Interventions targeted at promoting farmer led extension systems; developing the organizational capacity of farmer groups and local collaborating partners to enhance their effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability in servicing smallholder farmers, and implementing development programs. An explanation of the program’s environmental and gender activities follows in each respective section. 3.1 BENEFICIARIES EG. 3-2 Number of Individuals Participating in USG Food Security Programs Table 3.1.1: Program Interventions, Q3 FY2019 Combined Unique Beef Farmers Dairy Farmers Activities Farmers Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Trainings and TA 460 397 857 119 136 255 579 533 1,112 Farmers receiving credit 13 5 18 17 18 35 30 23 53 Farmers linked to buyers 15 22 37 24 30 54 39 52 91 Source: CIRIS During the review period, the program provided training and technical assistance to 1,112 individual farmers (927 rural households) of which 857 (714 households) were individual beef farmers and 255

6 To be eligible for program support, on initial contact with the program, a beef beneficiary farmer must have 10 or less cattle while a dairy beneficiary must be milking no more than two cows. In addition, all must be earning $500 or less per annum per household, with 75 percent of income emanating from agricultural activities. For small-scale commercial dairy farmers, to be considered for program support, a farmer must be milking more than two cows and earning an annual household income of $1,500 or less on initial contact with the program. Seventy-five percent of income must be from agricultural activities. Small-scale commercial dairy beneficiaries must not exceed 30 percent of total dairy beneficiaries. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

(213 households) were individual dairy farmers from across the six operational districts (Table 3.1.1). Women represented 52 percent of beneficiaries reached and the proportion of youth remained at 16 percent as reported in the previous quarter. Farmers received training and technical assistance on production and productivity-enhancing GAPs and GAHPs, business skills, good nutrition and WASH practices, and good environmental stewardship. Ninety-one farmers (43 percent women), were linked to formal beef and dairy markets and a further 53 farmers (57 percent women), were linked to financiers. The program has reached 56 percent of its FY2019 targeted beneficiaries. Fifty-eight percent of households who have worked with the program in FY2019 are farmers who have engaged with the program in previous years (Table 3.1.2). The program has organized field and technical days and indabas in Q4 FY2019 to increase its outreach. In addition, with the implementation of Grants under Contract activities now underway, more new village milk aggregators are being identified and capacitated to purchase and deliver milk to formal markets. This is helping in reaching out to more beef-dairy producers.

Table 3.1.2 Beneficiary Progress, Q3 FY2019 FY 2019 FY2019 Achievement Value Chain Continuin Progress Target New (Q1-Q3) Total g Beef 2,600 749 800 1,549 60% Dairy 1,000 103 366 469 47% Total 3,600 852 1,166 2,018 56% Source: CIRIS

The program’s whole farm7 approach continued to appeal to rural livestock farmers who are practicing both crop and livestock farming (beef and limited dairy). During the review period, the program reached 475 new individual beneficiaries compared to 314 new beneficiaries in the previous quarter. These farmers were attracted to the program after observing the positive impact of program interventions on whole farm operations of neighboring farmers participating in program activities. Since inception in June 2015, the program has benefited a cumulative 7,427 individual farmers (46 percent women) from 6,189 rural households of which 74 percent are beef farmers (See Annex 5 – Geographical Distribution of Program Beneficiaries by Households, Q3 FY2019). 3.2 INCREASING INCOMES The program continued to promote activities and interventions that improve whole farm production and productivity; viability and reliability of product supply to the market; and relationships among market actors under the beef-dairy and village aggregation models. The objective of these interventions is to generate new income streams for all value chain players through sustainable increases in sales volumes and reduction in marketing costs. Specific market interventions during the quarter included:

7 A low-cost intervention aimed at increasing farmers’ incomes from agriculture (both livestock and crops) and building resilience to climate change risks through promoting and linking diverse agricultural enterprises as well as related on-farm activities (investment). The approach maximizes production and productivity from all agricultural activities and enterprises at farm level in a holistic and integrated manner

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

● Facilitating linkages between beef farmers in Chipinge, Gokwe South, Gweru, Kwekwe, and Umzingwane districts with buyers, butcheries, and abattoirs such as Montana Carswell Meats, Koala Meats, and Molus’ Abattoir. ● Continuing to build the capacity of seven milk aggregators to provide essential marketing functions including grading; buying; quality control; aggregating; storing; transporting; and distributing raw milk. Capacity building activities aim to empower the aggregators to hygienically receive, handle, store and, deliver raw milk from smallholder farmers for further processing by formal markets. ● Developing beef-dairy farmers and milk aggregators for certification, accreditation, and registration by Dairy Services to enable them to deliver raw milk to formal markets. ● Continuing to provide capacity building support to Gokwe milk collection center (MCC) in to run its business profitably. 3.2.1 Sales of Milk and Dairy Products During the review period, 109 smallholder dairy farmers (53 percent women) working with the program in Gweru, Gokwe South, Chirumhanzu, and Umzingwane districts sold 83,271 liters of raw milk worth $31,628 to formal markets (MCC and processors) collaborating with the program, compared to 74,598 liters worth $40,032 in the same quarter in FY2018, a 10 percent increase in volume (Table 3.2.1). Women delivered 55 percent of the volume worth $11,0568. The increase in volume is mainly due to the rolling out of the village aggregation model in Gokwe South and Gweru; accreditation of new farmers in Gweru; and guest producers in Gokwe South becoming full members of the Gokwe MCC. Seven village milk aggregators purchased and consolidated (from beef-dairy producers in Chirumhanzu, Gokwe South, Gweru, and Umzingwane) 3,929 liters of raw milk worth $1,289 compared to 10,189 liters worth $4,373 in Q2 FY2019, a decrease of 61 percent in volume and 71 percent in value during the review period. The decrease in deliveries was due to disruption of marketing activities in Chirumanzu as Venge Stores and Mushagashe Milk Collection Center stopped receiving milk from program beneficiaries citing limited product markets and cash flow challenges respectively. In Chirumhanzu activities focused on building the capacity of aggregators for registration and accreditation to supply new formal markets. Village milk aggregator Sarah Ndodha completed her accreditation and registration with Dairy Services and will commence milk deliveries to Dairibord Zimbabwe Limited in the next quarter. She invested $200 in a milk reception and storage facility and water reticulation to meet the basic regulatory requirements for formal milk marketing (see Textbox 5.1). In Umzingwane district, four aggregators are currently selling their milk to the local MCC. Potential suppliers to two of the aggregators are still being developed and will start selling milk in July 2019. In addition, the program identified three potential new milk aggregators and facilitated the quality testing of milk by Dairy Services from prospective suppliers’ herds. The potential suppliers were trained on dairy cattle management; general GAHPs; hygienic and clean milk production practices; and milk quality control.

In Gokwe South, 42 producers (43 percent women), including four guest dairy producers and village milk aggregators delivered 25,989 liters worth $8,815 to the local MCC compared to 24,468 liters of raw milk in in the same period last year. A 6 percent increase in volume is mainly attributed to an increase in milk production and productivity as farmers started adopting challenge feeding their milking cows– whereby beef-dairy farmers were encouraged, using both home grown feeds and bought-in dairy meal, to provide their cows with incremental quantities of feed provided they were increasing production. The program also identified an additional three potential aggregators whose suppliers are in the process of having their cows tested for contagious abortion.

8 Most women producers are still delivering to village aggregators, where they are getting around 75 percent of the price paid by processors. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

In Umsungwe block, Gweru, two beef-dairy farmers, Philip Maroora and Metron Gavi, were certified and accredited to deliver milk to Dairibord Zimbabwe Limited. This brings the number of accredited and certified FTFZ-LD beneficiaries from Umsungwe Block delivering milk to a formal market to four. Raw milk supplies to formal markets from Umsungwe Block farmers has increased from to 7,626 liters this quarter from 1,062 liters in the same period in FY2018. The sharp rise is attributed to additional farmers supplying the processor-Dairibord as well as increased production by individual farmers who adopted challenge feeding their milking cows. The program is also encouraging beef-dairy farmers to invest in pure dairy breeds to increase productivity and milk yields. During the quarter, program beneficiaries Francisca Paramu and Kundai Nyoni from Gweru benefited from milking their recently procured dairy cows, with Paramu’s cow producing on average 15 liters per day. The quantities delivered were lower than produced as a portion of milk was rejected by the processor due to loss of quality caused by power outages. To minimize milk losses in the future, the program is working with the farmers to invest in a solar back-up system using the GUC facility. Table 3.2.1: Recorded Milk Sales from Program Focus Areas, Q3 FY2019 April – June 2018 April - June 2019 Value Value Quantity (l) Quantity (l) Buyer (US$) (US$) Beef – Dairy Milk Production Chirumhanzu – Non MCC 7,576 1,613 8,830 953 Farm Gate Gokwe South – Non MCC 1,090 1090 310 120 Farm Gate (Sengwa) Gweru 3,550 924 1,200 364 Farm Gate Umzingwane – Non MCC 860 860 0 0 Farm Gate Total 13,076 4,487 10,340 1,437 Chirumhanzu Aggregators 1,965 1,081 0 0 Dendairy, Walk-ins, Vending, Spar Zimbabwe, Savemor,

Zhombe, Empress, Gokwe MCC members 24,468 13,017 25,989 8,769 St Agness Logos High School,

Gokwe South General Hospital, ZRP Gokwe MCC, Farm Gokwe South Aggregators 0 0 718 284 Gate Gweru – Individuals 1,062 754 5,979 2,444 Dairibord Gweru – Aggregators 0 0 1,647 439 Dairibord Umzingwane MCC, Red Umzingwane Aggregators 2,060 841 1,564 566 Tractor Farm Umzingwane – Non MCC 36,276 19,414 39,337 16,525 Kesherlmar, Dendairy Umzingwane MCC members 8,767 4,925 8,037 2,601 Umzingwane MCC Total 74,598 40,032 83,271 31,628 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

3.2.2 Beef Product Sales The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program continues to work with smallholder beef cattle producers in all program focus areas to increase their household incomes through increase in production and productivity, and improved access to credit lines and formal markets. The program focuses on exploiting two beef marketing periods during the year: off the rangeland sales from February to May9 and October to December10. During the review period, the program continued with its herd rationalization and commercialization messaging, encouraging beneficiaries to sell their cattle – mostly old oxen, cull cows, and bulls – off the rangeland to abattoirs. Consequently, 66 beef farmers were linked to abattoirs and registered butcheries and sold 97 cattle off the rangeland worth $34,414 (Table 3.2.2) compared to 34 farmers who sold 50 cattle in the previous quarter. Table 3.2.2 Program Monitored Direct Sale of Cattle through Abattoirs, Q3 FY 2019 Number of Number Lowest Highest Total Gross District Animals of Buyers Price Price Income Sold Farmers 30 23 Molus’ Meats 94 827 8,612 Chipinge 10 7 Butcheries 149 919 5,163 Kwekwe 17 14 Butcheries 149 391 5,218 Gokwe South 1 1 MC Meats 195 195 195 MC Meats, Gweru 12 3 515 736 7,838 Butcheries Heads and Umzingwane 27 18 100 490 7,389 Hooves Grand Total 97 66 34,415

Farmers across all program sites preferred to sell cattle to markets where they could get cash instantly as they intended to reinvest in improved heifers from breeders who demanded cash payments. Sales remained subdued as farmers are holding back their cattle due to depressed prices and current inflationary pressures. Farmers are using their cattle as a hedge against inflation. Despite the challenges, the program continued to facilitate the strengthening of relationships between beneficiaries and the abattoirs.

In Umzingwane district, farmers were encouraged to identify cattle that were poor feedlot performers, including those unlikely to survive the impending drought and sell them off in their current condition. Eighteen farmers (38 percent women) sold 27 cattle to Heads and Hooves abattoir and earned a gross income of $7,389. Farmers were encouraged to invest the proceeds in capital items and animal feed for supplementing the remaining herd. Collectively, the 18 farmers procured 13.75 tons of animal feed worth $2,212 for supplementing their cattle.

3.3 INCREASING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY The program’s technical team, working in collaboration with relevant government departments and private sector partner extension workers, carried out production and productivity increasing activities which included:

9 This period takes advantage of the good cattle body condition from the abundant summer grazing. It targets cull cows and old animals which have a high likelihood of succumbing to poverty deaths during the lean season in addition to being poor performers in feedlots. 10 From October beef prices start to increase until the end of December. The period coincides with the lean season when quality animals are in short supply as feed from the rangeland deteriorates in quality and quantity. In addition, demand for quality beef goes up with the festive season. Pen fattening is the main practice for marketed animals during this period. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

● Improving technical and business skills through: o Training and technical assistance on GAPs, GAHPs, and technologies aimed at improving reproductive efficiency and general cattle performance in terms of herd health, animal nutrition, breeding, and herd rationalization. o Training and technical assistance on business skills to help farmers run their farms as businesses and identify long-term opportunities for earning additional income. ● Demonstrating and promoting the adoption of GAPs, GAHPs, technologies, and management practices that are low- to no-cost but effective in improving herd performance, whole farm productivity, and increasing returns. ● Encouraging beneficiaries to invest in assets and technologies that increase productivity such as irrigation infrastructure; breeding heifers and cows; fencing material; milking parlors; and chilling facilities among others. ● Increasing farmers and other value chain players’ access to finance, credit, and inputs. Results achieved in enhancing production and productivity among beneficiaries during the quarter are reported under four sub-headings: improving agricultural technical and business skills; promoting the adoption of improved technologies and management practices; increasing investment in agricultural assets and technologies; and increasing access to finance and credit. The results for relevant indicator(s) monitored under each sub-head are summarized where available. In other cases, illustrative anecdotal data is provided. 3.3.1 Improving Agricultural Technical and Business Skills LD 33 Number of individuals who have received USG-supported short term agricultural sector productivity or food security training

Table 3.3.1.1: Unique Individual Farmer Trainees, Q3 FY 2019 Q2 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 District Femal Femal Male Total % Women Male Total % Women e e

112 58 265 183 448 59 Chipinge 152 264

76 85 47 66 63 129 51 Chirumhanzu 161

72 80 47 58 71 129 45 Gokwe South 152

36 27 57 51 69 120 43 Gweru 63

31 37 46 83 111 194 43 Kwekwe 68

44 33 57 56 36 92 61 Umzingwane 77 Total 411 374 785 52 579 533 1,112 52 Source: CIRIS During the review period, the program engaged 1,112 unique beneficiaries (52 percent women) compared to 785 beneficiaries (52 percent women) in the previous quarter. The program continued to deliberately intensify and diversify program interventions on existing beneficiaries in order to increase program impact and outcomes while the positive results from program interventions continue to attract new beneficiaries. Eight hundred and fifty-two (52 percent women) farmers were trained on beef related topics compared to 477 beneficiaries trained in the previous quarter, an increase of 79 percent. The highest proportion Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019 of farmers was trained in Chipinge followed by Kwekwe districts which are the programs’ main beef zones (Table 3.3.1.2). Table 3.3.1.2: Beef Training by District, Q3 FY2019 Q2 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 District Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Chipinge 148 109 257 58 250 180 430 58 Chirumhanzu 26 34 60 43 19 24 43 44 Gokwe South 5 3 8 63 9 11 20 45 Gweru 32 17 49 65 44 61 105 42 Kwekwe 31 37 68 46 83 111 194 43 Umzingwane 20 15 35 57 39 21 60 65 Total 262 215 477 55 444 408 852 52 Source: CIRIS

Popular beef topics were good animal husbandry practices; construction of cattle handling facilities; fodder production, harvesting and preservation; beef marketing; disease identification and control; supplementary feeding; and calf management (Table 3.3.1.3). Dosing, dipping, vaccinations, dehorning, castration, ear tagging, and cattle weighing were some of the good animal husbandry practices promoted. With regards to cattle handling facilities, farmers were taught to renovate their cattle races and cattle handling pens. Farmers were also trained on off the rangeland cattle marketing to formal markets. Drought mitigation strategies such as hay making and baling were encouraged in preparation for the coming lean season.

Table 3.3.1.3: Beef Training by Subject, Q3 FY 2019 Q2 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 Subject Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Animal Breeding 18 38 56 32 49 85 134 37 Animal Health 1 1 2 50 0 0 0 0 Artificial Insemination 33 9 42 79 22 31 53 42 Theory/Practical Cattle and Meat Grading 0 8 8 0 49 47 96 51 Fodder Production 182 122 304 60 205 230 435 47 Husbandry Practices 142 133 275 52 315 304 619 51 Marketing 124 84 208 60 187 201 388 48 Pen Fattening 8 6 14 57 35 43 78 45 Disease Prevention and Control 83 81 164 51 114 167 281 41 Disease Treatment 42 43 85 49 57 92 149 38 Feed Formulation 19 19 38 50 26 25 51 51 Handling Facilities 77 78 155 50 240 257 497 48 Heat Synchronization 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 25 Supplementary Feeding 15 16 31 48 69 54 123 56 Urea Treatment of Stover 0 0 0 0 9 10 19 47 Drought Mitigation Strategies 32 27 59 54 24 28 52 46 Calf Management 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 100 Other** 37 27 64 58 24 20 44 55 Source: CIRIS Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

The program continued to identify new dairy aggregators and producers in an effort to increase the volumes of raw milk sold through formal channels. A total of 287 beneficiaries (52 percent women) were trained in dairy related topics, compared to 312 farmers, 50 percent women in the previous quarter (Table 3.3.1.4).

Table 3.3.1.4: Dairy Training by District, Q3 FY 2019 Q2 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 District Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Chipinge 0 0 0 0 5 3 8 63 Chirumhanzu 52 53 105 50 49 45 94 52 Gokwe South 68 75 143 48 50 60 110 45 Gweru 5 9 14 36 5 8 13 38 Kwekwe 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Umzingwane 30 20 50 60 40 21 61 66 Total 155 157 312 50 149 138 287 52 Source: CIRIS Popular dairy topics included good animal husbandry practices; fodder production; construction of cattle handling facilities; calf management; quality control; marketing; breeding; and disease identification and control (Table 3.3.1.5). New dairy farmers received technical training on rearing a milking cow; clean milk production; milk marketing; and disease control. In collaboration with Dairy Services and DVS, the program facilitated for the new farmers to have milk from selected cows sampled and tested for quality and contagious abortion, a prerequisite to supplying raw milk to a formal market.

Table 3.3.1.5: Dairy Training by Subject, Q3 FY2019 Q1 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 Subject Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Animal Health 6 5 11 55 0 0 0 0 Artificial Insemination Theory/Practical 18 10 28 64 23 22 45 51 Calf Management 39 31 70 56 50 30 80 63 Drought Mitigation Strategies 9 3 12 75 0 0 0 0 Feed Formulation 0 1 1 0 4 4 8 50 Fodder Production 104 101 205 51 33 24 57 58 Handling Facilities 77 76 153 50 80 63 143 56 Heifer Procurement 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 100 Husbandry Practices 119 135 254 47 128 115 243 53 Marketing 96 109 205 47 94 77 171 55 Quality Control 66 77 143 46 68 55 123 55 Supplementary Feeding 11 3 14 79 48 44 92 52 Urea Treatment of Stover 0 0 0 0 27 16 43 63 Disease Prevention and Control 68 57 125 54 53 41 94 56 Disease Treatment 1 2 3 33 3 3 6 50 Heat Synchronization 5 3 8 63 7 8 15 47 Bull Examination 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other** 64 65 129 50 38 48 86 44 Source: CIRIS Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

During the reporting period, 904 farmers (51 percent women) were trained on business-related topics compared to 524 (52 percent women) in the previous quarter (Table 3.3.1.6).

Table 3.3.1.6 : Business Skills Training by District, Q3 FY2019

Q2 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 District Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Chipinge 69 57 126 55 201 154 355 57 Chirumhanz 66 63 129 51 54 53 107 50 u Gokwe 48 64 112 43 45 63 108 42 South Gweru 16 7 23 70 29 30 59 49 Kwekwe 31 36 67 46 82 109 191 43 Umzingwane 40 27 67 60 52 32 84 62 Total 270 254 524 52 463 441 904 51 Business skills training and technical assistance continued to focus on: ● Developing skills on enterprise budgeting; recordkeeping; group marketing; market intelligence; and electronic banking. These skills are intended to improve beneficiaries’ planning and decision-making abilities. ● Facilitating access to finance. Farmers were linked to institutions that provided working and asset capital for inputs and farming equipment, respectively. To build good credit history, farmers received training on credit management, group lending, banking procedures, and electronic banking to ensure timely loan repayments. ● Contract management. To minimize defaulting, farmers with formal agreements with milk processors were trained on contract specifications to raise awareness of their contractual obligations. ● Improving market access and strengthening market linkages. Transaction costs were reduced by linking farmer groups to input, output, and financial markets. Beef farmers were linked directly to abattoirs and beef-dairy farmers were linked to MCCs or small scale processors via village aggregators. The program continued to train village milk aggregators in Chirumhanzu and Gokwe South on good business practices as well as improving business skills among potential raw milk suppliers. In Chipinge and Kwekwe districts, farmers participated in the trainings as they engaged in cattle marketing. Table 3.3.1.7 summarizes the number of beneficiaries who received business skills trainings on various subjects, including recordkeeping, farmer group organization, farm planning, capacity building, and enterprise budgeting during the review period, compared to Q2 FY2019.

Table 3.3.1.7: Business Skills training by Subject, Q3 FY 2019 Q2 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 Subject Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Contract Management 26 50 76 34 11 18 29 38 Credit Management 56 70 126 44 49 47 96 51 Farm Planning 75 67 142 53 107 138 245 44 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Recordkeeping 147 143 290 51 313 287 600 52 Group Marketing 90 65 155 58 143 149 292 49 Enterprise Budgeting 49 38 87 56 58 50 108 54 Farmer Group Organization 96 51 147 65 139 94 233 60 Capacity Building 74 82 156 47 82 78 160 51 Bank Account 7 6 13 54 6 5 11 55 Establishment Other** 60 70 130 46 45 58 103 44 Source: CIRIS

3.3.2: Promoting Adoption of Improved Technologies and Management Practices EG.3.2-24 Number of individuals in the agriculture system who have applied improved technologies or management practices with USG assistance EG.3.2-28 Number of hectares under improved management practices or technologies that promote improved climate risk reduction and/or natural resources management with USG assistance In collaboration with key stakeholders, the program continued to facilitate the promotion and adoption of low to no-cost GAPs and GAHPs, business practices, and technologies that enhance production and productivity; improve natural resources management; and increase resilience to climate shocks. Promotions, training and technical events took cognisance of a whole farm approach and were held at lead farmer-hosted demonstration sites. Animal husbandry practices promoted during the quarter focused on both beef and dairy Photo by Fintrac cattle and included construction of Khuthula Tshuma and Andrew Khoza during a dehorning appropriate cattle handling facilities (seclusion operation in ward 2 Gweru. pens, watering and feeding troughs, hay racks, cattle races, and hay sheds); adherence to good animal health practices (dosing, dipping, vaccinations, dehorning, castration, ear tagging, calf rearing, and cattle weighing); low-cost cattle nutrition (fodder flow planning; adequate stock piling for the lean season; fodder conservation as hay or silage; use of agricultural by-products (cotton motes, molasses, and stover); and use of bought in feeds such as dairy meal, survival meal, pen fattening meal, and mineral supplements); and cattle breeding using artificial insemination (AI) or natural service by local bulls. A total of 619 farmers (51 percent women) were trained on good animal husbandry practices across the six operational districts compared with 275 farmers trained in the previous quarter.

Calf rearing Sustainable herd growth, breed improvement, and returns from both beef and dairy enterprises are anchored in good calf rearing techniques. Good calf rearing ensures low calf mortalities and good calf growth rates to achieve the bulling and marketing weights within the recommended 24 – 36 months of age. The program is training beneficiaries on good calf rearing practices to include constructing good calf pens that ensure protection from inclement weather conditions; appropriate feeding and watering; adherence to appropriate calf health practices to include colostrum feeding, naval dipping, and routine Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

vaccination; and other general calf management practices such as ear tagging, dehorning, and castration. More than 80 calves and young bulls from six districts were castrated during the review period. In Chipinge, the program recorded 120 new calf births among beneficiaries during the quarter. No calf mortalities were recorded across all program areas during the review period as most farmers continue exhibiting good calf rearing techniques. Fodder flow planning, production, harvesting, and conservation Program beneficiaries were trained on low-to-no-cost fodder production, harvesting, and preservation. Activities promoted included hay cutting and baling; crop residue collection, drying, and storage; urea treatment of stover; and silage making from maize, sorghum, and pearl millet. Ensuring livestock receive adequate feed improves herd productivity and resilience (See Annex 1: El Nino Drought Survivor Defies Odds). Silage production is one of the program’s low- to no-cost interventions for ensuring long lactation periods which improves cow productivity and milk yields thereby strengthening the resilience of livestock farmers. The program is promoting silage making from drought tolerant cereals like sorghum and pearl millet, considering that most program beneficiaries are in marginal rainfall areas where the preferred silage crop – maize – does not flourish. In addition to requiring minimal rainfall and only 60 days to maturity, millet offers the best feed value in the cereal family with crude protein in the range of 14-18 percent.

All Photos by Fintrac (Left) Marko Magwaza’s first pearl millet crop before harvesting for ensiling in February 2019. (Right) Ratoon crop for second harvest for household consumption, April 2019.

In Chirumhanzu, Midlands, beneficiary farmer Francisca Mandivana has improved her resilience in the face of the impending drought by ensiling approximately 3 tons of pearl millet. The silage is sufficient to feed the household’s eight milking cows for two months, using a feeding regime of about 5 kilograms per cow per day. Farmers continue to be encouraged to cut hay and collect crop stover to supplement their livestock during the leaner months. The program recommends farmers to produce at least 8 tons of hay suffice to feed one milking cow throughout the season. Good herd health management The program continued to collaborate with DVS, AGRITEX, producer groups, community based organizations, and private sector companies to empower farmers to take ultimate responsibility for their animal health, especially in the face of a nation-wide collapse in the government run animal health Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019 service. Program trainings and technical assistance focused on equipping farmers with skills and appreciation for adequately providing for primary animal health care. This includes disease identification, prevention, and control (dosing, dipping, and vaccination). The program is encouraging farmers to be proactive regarding animal health issues by taking initiative and using resources as individuals and in groups to safeguard productivity and reduce herd mortalities. Farmers across the six program areas were encouraged to augment dipping at state-run dip tanks by using knapsack sprayers at farm level to reduce cattle losses from tick-borne diseases. In Kwekwe district, farmers have continued to lose their cattle to tick-borne diseases (Heartwater, Redwater, and Theliorisis), Lumpy skin, and Senkobo. In addition, another disease which is yet to be correctly diagnosed but exhibits both Senkobo and Lumpy Skin symptoms has been observed in program areas. The program is partnering with Suburban Veterinary Practice, a private veterinary company, to pilot complementing DVS efforts in the provision of a mobile primary animal health care service (dipping, dosing, and vaccination) to livestock farmers in Kwekwe and Gokwe South districts as part of a sustainable solution to the recurring disease incidences. The program facilitated trainings to 179 farmers in Kwekwe (42 percent women) in disease treatment, prevention, and control during the quarter. In , 400 beneficiaries rehabilitated their handling facilities, particularly overnight pens, hay racks, feed and water troughs, and cattle races as a result of program intervention. More than 50 percent of program beneficiaries from Chipinge district purchased their own dipping chemicals for on farm control against ticks and biting flies. Four cases of Redwater were recorded in Ward 3 and treated using injectable Trycip®.Three hundred cattle were dewormed using Nilzan bolus® tablets. Farmers were encouraged to alternate deworming drugs to counter drug resistance by the internal parasites. Breeding The program is encouraging farmers to manage breeding through adoption of AI; procurement of quality breeding females and bulls; and by selling off unproductive cattle. Purchasing a full grown improved breed heifer or bull has a prohibitive price tag of at least $7,000. The program is encouraging and facilitating smallholder farmers to inseminate their beef and dairy cows with superior breeds at a cost of $60 to $100 per animal, allowing for affordability while still improving overall herd quality. In collaboration with DVS, AGRITEX, and AI service providers from Chipinge, the program continued to implement AI in the selected districts of Chirumhanzu, Chipinge, and Gweru. A scoping exercise was done in Umzingwane district by the AI service provider from Chipinge to determine farmer preparedness and animal body condition in preparation for expansion of AI services to the district in the coming quarter. Two female farmers from Chirumhanzu Ward 11 have become the envy of other farmers after their cows dropped AI bull calves during the review period. The calves, Photo by Fintrac belonging to Angela Hamadziripi A Simmental bull calf belonging to resident AI service provider Fungai Dzingirai from Ward 11, Chirumhanzu. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019 and Fungai Dzingirai (the resident AI service provider), are the first of four calves to be born from successful AI demonstrations conducted by the program in July 2018, which saw six out of eight cows conceive. The bull calves are expected to infuse improved production and economic traits such as calving and weaning weights and cold dressed mass (cdm) into the current herds. The program is reinforcing all breed improvement interventions with trainings on good animal husbandry practices which include adequate nutrition and disease control to reduce chances of fetal resorption or abortions. Seven cows belonging to three farmers in wards 1 and 11 of Chirumhanzu were prepared for insemination during the review period. Preparations involved setting up quarantine paddocks; providing adequate nutrition to achieve and maintain desired body condition; and routine good health management and husbandry practices. The farmers’ confidence in the technology has been boosted following the success from cows inseminated in July 2018. In Chipinge district, five farmers (60 percent women) Photo by Fintrac inseminated eight cows – Mwoyounotsva Naboth and Peter Chakaamba of Ward 3, Chipinge with seven with red Brahman their newly purchased Brahman cross weaners. semen and one with Simmental semen, for breed improvement. Of the eight inseminated cows, five were inseminated in April 2019 and did not return on heat after 90 days. The other three cows were inseminated in June 2019 and will undergo pregnancy testing in September 2019. The program also facilitated the purchase of five Brahman cross weaner heifers and five Brahman cross breeding heifers by six farmers (16 percent women). (See Annex 1: Female Youth Farmer Excels in Increasing Herd Productivity). The Brahman cross heifers were procured for their larger carcass sizes compared to the existing indigenous Mashona breeds which are small framed due to inbreeding depression. Clean milk production The program – in collaboration with Dairy Services – continued to train beef-dairy farmers in Chirumhanzu, Gokwe South, Gweru, and Umzingwane districts on clean milk production. Training topics included basic platform and udder health tests for mastitis. In addition, the program continued to facilitate pre-screening of cows, intended for supplying milk to village aggregators, for contagious abortion (CA). CA testing is a pre-requisite for formal marketing of raw milk. In Chirumhanzu, the program – in collaboration with Dairy Services and Dairibord – trained two village milk aggregators and their suppliers of raw milk on the more stringent requirements for hygienic milk production as stipulated in the Dairy Act.11 Program beneficiaries are currently at different stages of preparedness in terms of meeting the requirements to sell to the formal market (See Textbox 5.1)

11 The statutory regulations that control the production and marketing of raw milk for selling in formal markets. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

3.3.3 Increasing Investment in Agricultural Assets and Technologies Increased investment is the predominate source of economic growth in the agricultural sector. Private sector investment is critical because it indicates that the investment is perceived to provide a positive financial return and therefore is likely to lead to sustainable increases in agricultural production and productivity.

The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program engages and collaborates with private commercial companies to ensure the building of sustainable business relationships among value chain actors. Private sector partners are engaged to finance some developmental facets of the value chain such as technical days to showcase new technologies. The program also encourages farmers to invest in productive assets for increased production and productivity. During the quarter, beneficiaries and value chain players received training and technical assistance on how to make good sound investments.

The program continued to work with various financial institutions to increase access to credit by farmers and value chain players. During the review period, the program facilitated farmer engagements with Zimnat Microfinance, Steward Bank, and production productivity lending and savings groups (PPLS). However, the introduction of a local currency and the hyper inflationary environment during the reporting period has caused some financial institutions to hold back on new loan disbursements. During the period under review, the program completed the development of Grants under Contract activities. These activities are intended to be utilized as investment with communities, clients, and beneficiaries to promote increased use of new or improved technologies and practices. The recipients contribute local materials and fund capital items at a minimum of 40 percent contribution. Two beef- dairy farmers from Gokwe South received two milking cans worth $234.70 from the GUC activity in return for each having invested in 10 bags of dairy meal worth $100; hay rack and a separate cattle pen / seclusion paddock equipped with water and feeding trough. The purchased feed will be used in a challenge feed demonstration for a month. The feed demonstration is designed to increase milk production and productivity from the beef-dairy cows, to establish their production potential; assist stock feed manufactures in coming up with an ideal feed formulation well suited for beef-dairy cows; stimulate demand for stock feeds from smallholder farmers – thus grow stock feed business and improve on the adoption and success of cattle breeding through AI. The program partnered with stock feed suppliers Gain Cash and Carry and FeedMix as a way of facilitating sustainable linkages between the stock-feed suppliers and the farmers. EG.3.1-14 Value of new USG commitments and private sector investment leveraged by the USG to support food security and nutrition During the review period, the program facilitated private sector investment in the milk value chain. In Gokwe South district, 13 in-calf dairy heifers valued at $21,450 were purchased through the MCC’s cattle bank facility and distributed to program beneficiaries. The investment is aimed at boosting milk production and productivity among program beneficiaries. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Sarah Ndodha, village milk aggregator from Chirumanzu, invested $270 in purchasing a water pump and refurbishing her hut for receiving and storing aggregated milk after the program invested $75 through the GUC activity in financing materials and labor for the installation of a water reticulating system to

Photo by Fintrac (Left) Sarah Ndhodha from Ward 11, Chirumhanzu testing her electric water pump. (Right) Ndodha’s retrofitted milk reception and storage hut. Grey water from the drainage works is used to water a banana planation at the homestead. ensure clean and hygienic handling of raw milk from beneficiaries. LD 18 Number of individuals who have invested in agriculture as a result of USG assistance LD 19 Value of individual investments made in agriculture as a result of USG assistance The program continued to encourage beneficiaries to use part of their proceeds from cattle and milk sales to invest in assets such as AI; breeding cows and heifers; bulls; hay sheds; milking sheds; milking cans; boreholes; water pumps and related irrigation equipment; deep wells; improved pastures; water reservoirs; fencing; chaff cutters; milk chillers; and cattle handling facilities among other crucial assets for increased production efficiencies. Beef farmers are now cognizant of the benefits of investing in more breeding heifers and cows as this ensures sustained herd growth and production of surplus animals for sale. During the review period, 11 program beneficiaries from Chipinge district invested $4,230 in improving the genetics of their existing herds through AI of eight cows and purchase of 11 improved breeding females (weaners, heifers and in-calf heifers). Farmers have taken heed of program advice to have at least 70 percent of females in their herds. Takawira Xavier and Veronica Chikamhi, raw milk suppliers to aggregator Sarah Ndodha invested $32 and $48 respectively in constructing and upgrading their milking parlors. The investments will ensure clean milk production and collection. In Umzingwane, Matabeleland South, local village milk aggregator Dzingirai Juwere invested $1,400 from a repeat loan from Zimnat Financial Services in a solar pumping system to ensure uninterrupted supply of water to boost his dairy enterprise and diversify into horticulture. Juwere has since established one hectare of pasture grasses for his cattle and another 0.1 hectare of horticultural crops. Kundai Nyoni from Ward 14, Gweru purchased two in-calf dairy cross cows valued at $1,800. The investment is expected to increase milk production and productivity from Kundai’s herd significantly as each cow is expected to produce at least 13 liters of milk per day. EG.4.2-7 Number of individuals participating in group-based savings, micro-finance or lending programs with USG assistance Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

During the quarter, the program facilitated 53 farmers (57 percent women) in accessing credit from microfinance institutions, private organisations, and PPLS in Gokwe South, Chipinge, and Umzingwane districts. Gokwe MCC extended loans worth $1,618 ($484 received by women) to 41 farmers (51 percent women). These short-term working loans were mainly obtained to be used for animal feeds and veterinary drugs. Beneficiary Landu Martha received the largest loan worth $178 from the MCC which she used to purchase fencing material for her paddock. In addition, PPLS extended $318 as working and capital expenditure loans to 11 farmers (82 percent women) in Chipinge district for the purchase of improved breed weaner heifers and veterinary drugs. EG.3.2-27 Value of agriculture – related financing accessed as result of USG assistance The total value of loans accessed by the 53 farmers during the review period was $4,588. Loans were accessed from various sources which include Zimnat Microfinance, Gokwe MCC, and PPLS12. The loans were invested in a solar pumping system in Umzingwane; milking cans for farmers in Umsungwe Block, Gweru; breeding heifers for farmers in Gweru and Chipinge; fencing material; animal feed and veterinary drugs. LD 8 Percent of beneficiaries borrowing at least once to finance the purchase of livestock or other capital investments The number of farmers accessing credit for the purchase of livestock and other capital investment was nine during the quarter (17 percent of the total number of farmers accessing credit) compared to 11 farmers (19 percent) achieved in the previous quarter. The drop in both the number and proportion of farmers accessing credit for the purchase of livestock and other capital investment is largely attributed to the hyper inflationary environment where financiers were finding it too risky to extend loans, particularly in the local currency.

3.4 IMPROVING NUTRITION AND HYGIENE STATUS The program continued to integrate hygiene and nutrition-related behavior change activities across its operational areas to ensure improved nutritional and health outcomes of beneficiary beef and dairy farmers. Beneficiary farmers were encouraged to produce and incorporate nutritious foods in their daily meals, sell any surpluses, and practice exclusive breastfeeding, as well as good infant and child feeding practices. The activities focused on improving the utilization of nutritious foods; increasing the prevalence of breastfeeding; improved infant feeding practices; and good hygiene and sanitation practices. All program activities were implemented in collaboration with AGRITEX, local village health workers, and other NGOs implementing nutrition and WASH activities in the program focus areas. Activities included practical food demonstrations; group trainings; and technical assistance visits to both lead and mentored farmers’ homesteads. Activities and results achieved under each component during the review period are summarized below. 3.4.1 Improving Utilization of Nutritious Foods

Photo by Fintrac Farmers making banana pudding 12 Deruko PPLS, Kutrya PPLS, Kuwirirana PPLS, Shingai PPLS and Mwacheta Cattlewith producer milk and group. peanut butter

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Utilization of nutritious foods by program beneficiaries during the review period is reported under the following three indicators: ● LD2 Percent of households that consistently consume at least 5 of the 9 food groups13 ● HL.9.1-c Women’s dietary diversity: Mean number of food groups consumed by women of reproductive age; ● LD 20 Percent of female direct beneficiaries of USG nutrition-sensitive agriculture activities consuming a diet of minimum diversity

LD2 Percent of households that consistently consume at least 5 of the 9 food groups

Table 3.4.1.1: Summary of Nutrition Training in Program Areas Q3FY2019 Q2 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 District Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Chipinge 63 37 100 63 199 128 327 61 Chirumhanzu 50 47 97 52 59 48 107 55 Gokwe South 53 60 113 47 33 27 60 66 Gweru 19 12 31 61 48 54 102 47 Kwekwe 29 15 44 66 83 107 190 44 Umzingwane 35 21 56 63 42 22 64 66 Total 249 192 441 56 464 386 850 55 Source: CIRIS

Meal Demonstrations: During the review period, more than 130 beneficiary farmers (70 percent women) across the operational areas participated in food demonstrations where meals were prepared from at least five locally available food groups such as beans, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, maize, vegetables, eggs, and milk. Several recipes were developed, showcased, and documented to further promote the consumption of milk among beneficiary households. The program produced a recipe book to help beneficiaries creatively consume milk, to be distributed to all beneficiaries and stakeholders during trainings.

Program facilitated nutrition trainings coupled with good hygiene behaviors among beef-dairy farmers have resulted in increased demand for fresh and sour milk as well milk by-products in both formal and informal markets (See Annex 1: Milk Meals Improve Consumption of Milk and Dietary Diversity). Consumption of milk by household members, including children ages 6-23 months, significantly contributes to improved household dietary diversity.

The program dedicated the whole month of May 2019 to commemorating World Milk Day (See Textbox 3.4.1). Effort was made toward promoting daily consumption of milk using the theme “milk day every day.”

13 The nine food groups are grains, roots, and tubers; legumes and nuts; dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese); organ meat (liver, kidney, intestines, heart, lungs, tripe, brains, etc.); eggs; flesh foods (meat) and other misc. small animal protein (edible insects, birds, mice, worms, etc.); vitamin A rich dark green leafy vegetables (covo, spinach, rape, cabbages, mustard, etc.); other Vitamin A rich vegetables (carrots, butternuts, amaranthus, black jack, pumpkin leaves, cowpeas leaves, sweet potatoes leaves, etc.) and fruits; other fruits and vegetables. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Improving access to diverse nutritious foods

Farmers were encouraged to practice nutrition Text Box 3.4.1: Milk Meals - Improving sensitive agriculture, making use of the whole Everyday Consumption of Milk. farm approach to improve access to diverse Program staff and beneficiaries commemorated nutritious food throughout the year. Diverse World Milk Day across all the six operational nutrition gardens/ kitchen gardens, small districts during the month of May 2019. Different livestock rearing, and food preservation were milk recipes were developed, showcased, promoted. documented, and distributed among farmers for future reference. Innovative milk meals from five Nutrition gardens food groups were prepared and demonstrated. Examples of such meals include beef in milk, milk Five hundred and eighty- two beef and dairy pudding, pumpkin in milk, butternut in milk, chicken farmers, 53 percent women received training and in milk, sorghum in milk, and sweet potatoes in technical assistance on establishing, running and milk. Development and distribution of the milk maintenance of nutrition gardens. The number of recipes, a strategy developed by the program, has trainees increased by three-fold from the seen hundreds of farmers incorporating milk in previous quarter. In districts such as their daily meal preparations. Consumption of both Umzingwane which face water challenges, cow and goat milk were encouraged across all farmers were encouraged to establish and program operational districts, including in drier maintain nutrition gardens using grey water. In areas of lower Chipinge, lower Gweru, and Kwekwe where milk consumption is not common. Chipinge district, more than 50 nutrition gardens were established during the quarter under review.

Vegetables planted include carrots, spinach, cabbage, beetroot, peas, rape, , tomatoes, butternuts, and onions. Small livestock production The program continued to promote the rearing of small livestock for both household consumption and as a source of income. Small stock promoted by the program includes indigenous chicken, goats, sheep, guinea fowl, rabbits, and turkey. During the review period, the program, in collaboration with DVS, facilitated the vaccination of 100 indigenous chickens in Photo by Fintrac Gokwe South district belonging to 22 members Shiela Chisaya of Chipinge district showing off her of Kutrya PPLS group against Newcastle diverse nutrition garden. disease.

In Chipinge district, the program promoted the rearing of boschveld chickens for meat and egg production. The program also facilitated the purchase of Newcastle disease vaccine for 5,000 chickens in Wards 16 and 21. In Umzingwane district, the Ezinkulu women’s group received technical assistance on good husbandry practices on the 100 boschveld chicks they had recently purchased. Reduced poultry mortality will increase the availability and consumption of three food groups:, eggs, meat, and organ meat. Whole farm approach Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

During the quarter, farmers were encouraged to grow drought tolerant crops such as small grains (sorghum and millet) which, apart from being micro-nutrient dense, can ratoon producing grain and stover multiple times for both livestock and household consumption. Program beneficiary Marko Magwaza from Chirumhanzu district had such an experience from his pearl millet crop which he was able to use for both his livestock and household needs. Several farmers across the operational districts have adopted the production of small grains with most who were planting the crop for the first time reporting good harvests. 3.4.2 Improving Exclusive Breastfeeding and Infant Feeding During the review period, nursing women from beneficiary households were encouraged to exclusively breastfeed their babies for the first six months of life. The program continued to target whole family units, including women of reproductive age, women past reproductive age, and men, with exclusive breastfeeding messaging. Influential members of the family such as aunts, grandmothers, and mothers-in- law were also targeted with these messages. Behavioral change training and technical assistance offered to 153 farmers (70 percent women) highlighted the importance of exclusive breastfeeding in providing total food security and complete nutrition for babies up to six months of age. Further, nursing mothers were supported with technical assistance on proper breastfeeding positions, timing of breastfeeding, common breastfeeding problems, and recommended diet for lactating mothers. Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet

Promotion of child health and nutrition were also included among the program’s nutrition interventions. The first 1,000 days of a child’s life shape the optimal growth and development of the child. During the review period, 305 farmers (64 percent women) were reached with child health and nutrition messages compared with 50 farmers in the previous quarter (Table 3.4.2.1). Training subjects covered include infant and young child feeding (IYCF), immunization, vitamin A supplementation, and maternal health and breastfeeding.

Table 3.4.2.1: Child Health and Nutrition Training by District Q3 FY2019 Q2 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 District % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Chipinge 6 5 11 55 72 38 110 65 Chirumhanzu 2 1 3 67 35 22 57 61 Gokwe South 10 2 12 83 25 20 45 56 Gweru 0 0 0 0 14 12 26 54 Kwekwe 11 1 12 92 21 15 36 58 Umzingwane 9 3 12 75 29 2 31 94 Total 38 12 50 76 196 109 305 64 Source: CIRIS Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Mothers and caregivers were sensitized on the need to develop healthy eating habits for their children early in life, and abstain from feeding children unhealthy snacks. The milk meal demonstrations, in addition to increasing milk meals among children 6-23 months, have provided mothers alternatives for feeding their children more nutrient-dense meals. Training on infant feeding also included the importance of feeding frequency as well as encouraging responsive feeding.14 All women of child bearing age including lactating mothers and pregnant women All Photos by Fintrac were encouraged to have a diverse (Left) Nadia Tshuma of Kwekwe feeding her 18-month-old child milk diet. meal samples after a meal demonstration, (Right) Tendayi Makiwa of Gweru feeding her 13-month-old child sadza and chicken in milk. 3.4.3. Improving Hygiene Behaviors LD 3 Percent of households that consistently practice at least 4 out of 6 good hygiene practices The program tracks progress of six good hygiene behaviors: hand washing station with cleansing agent and water within 10 paces of latrines; washing hands with cleansing agent at five critical moments; dispose of solid household waste in protected pits; use of recommended water treatment/purification technologies; storing water in safe storage containers; and disposing all feces including the children’s in a toilet/latrine. During the review period, 770 farmers (54 percent women) were reached with Water Sanitation and Hygiene Trainings (WASH) compared with 369 farmers trained in the previous quarter (Table 3.4.3.1). The program deliberately targeted female farmers with trainings as they are the custodians of household hygiene. For sustainability purpose and as an exit strategy, the program collaborated with relevant stakeholders such as DLPD, DVS, and MOHCC to promote improved hygiene behaviors. Specific training subjects covered include but were not limited to optimal hand washing; human waste disposal; treatment of safe drinking water; and safe household waste disposal. Table 3.4.3.1: WASH trainings by District, Q3 FY 2019 Q2 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 District Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Chipinge 73 53 126 58 192 125 317 61 Chirumhanzu 61 58 119 51 48 47 95 51 Gokwe South 12 14 26 46 23 15 38 61 Gweru 28 17 45 62 36 53 89 40 Kwekwe 11 9 20 55 75 98 173 43 Umzingwane 22 11 33 67 40 18 58 69 Total 207 162 369 56 414 356 770 54 Source: CIRIS

14 Feeding the child as many times as s/he is needs food as signalled though various ways. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

LD 35: Percent of households washing hands with detergent at 5 critical moments (before milking, before preparing food, before eating, after toilet use, after removing diapers) To facilitate consistent hand washing with detergent at the aforementioned five critical moments, the program continued to train farmers on such good hygiene practices and offered technical assistance on soap making. During the quarter, 341 beef and dairy farmers (55 percent women) were trained on constructing low cost hand washing facilities. Consequently, in Chipinge district, about 80 percent of program beneficiaries were observed to be consistently washing their hands with home-made liquid soap at four critical moments.15 3.4.3.1.1. Disposal all feces including children’s in a toilet/latrine

All Photos by Fintrac Village milk aggregator Siyengiwe Machina’s excavated toilet pit (left) and the newly constructed toilet (right). Raising awareness on the adverse effects of open defecation and the need for household human waste disposal was topical during the review period. The program continued to encourage the construction of low-cost, simple, upgradable toilet structures to ensure rapid and spontaneous adoption of the practice among beneficiaries. Three hundred and fifty-three beneficiaries (53 percent women) received training and awareness on human waste disposal compared with 114 beneficiaries in the previous quarter. In order to meet requirements for participation in formal dairy markets, program beneficiary village milk aggregators are required to have sanitation facilities on property. Village milk aggregator Siyengiwe Machina of Gokwe South district is among hundreds of trainees who took heed of the program’s advice to construct a toilet. Eshmael Mandonda and four other members of Tashinga Village Milk Aggregation Group in Gokwe South also constructed upgradable sanitation facilities in the review period, to meet the requirements for participating in formal dairy markets.

In Chipinge district, all 174 households that had their toilets destroyed during Cyclone Idai have either rehabilitated existing structures, made makeshift toilets, or are using nearby sanitary facilities in the interim.

3.4.3.1.2 Use of recommended water treatment/purification technologies Farmers were urged to invest in safe water for household use and for their livestock. Availability of safe water is a step toward improved hygiene and sanitation in the home. Beneficiaries were encouraged to

15Before preparing food, before eating, after toilet use, and after removing diapers.

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019 treat drinking water using simple methods such as boiling and aqua tablets to safeguard their families from cholera and other water-borne diseases. The program also worked with farmers to improve the efficiency of existing water sources (boreholes and deep wells) to ensure access to reliable water for improved hygiene and sanitation as well as agricultural productivity. Farmers were linked to service providers and MFIs for financing borehole drilling, and upgrading and motorizing existing deep wells. 3.5 IMPROVING THE CAPACITY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS Partnerships with providers of finance and credit; market actors; other service providers; and development practitioners are a key part of the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s approach to commercialization of small-scale farmers. Engaging commercial companies ensures market-led program interventions and cost-shared alliances to deliver products and services. The strategy is to engage private sector partners to not only purchase product or supply inputs, but also to finance some developmental facets of the value chain. Buyers, input suppliers, and finance institutions have in-house expertise in beef and dairy production, quality standards, and market specifications that they can transfer to smallholder producers. Through Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) and explanations of mutual benefit, some of the buyers and input suppliers listed in Annexes 3 and 4 transacted with Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program beneficiaries in target districts during the review period. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s contract includes a component to build the capacity of local organizations to effectively implement USAID-funded agricultural development activities. Other capacity development support was provided to milk collection centers working with program beneficiaries; village milk aggregators; small scale milk processors; farmer groups; and ISALs/PPLS. Results on the specific capacity development activities carried out with these partner organizations are detailed below. LD 36 Number of food security private enterprises (for profit), producer organizations, water users associations, women's groups, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG food security related organizational development assistance During the review period, 34 organizations/associations received systematic trainings and technical assistance to strengthen their capacity in order to manage key business functions. The organizations included eight producer groups, four women’s groups, three PPLS, one dairy association, three village milk aggregators, one water user association, and one private enterprise. Training and technical assistance focused on cost benefit analysis; financial management; leadership skills; decision making processes; cash budgeting; action planning; and collective input procurement and product consolidation. The highlights of the outcome from these trainings are summarized below: ● Producer groups: Eight producer groups received training on financial management, cost benefit analysis concepts, and cash budgeting. The program is encouraging financial management and the practising of cost benefit analysis among producer groups for financial sustainability. This also improves their capacity to monitor and evaluate their daily operational activities under minimum program supervision. ● Women’s groups and PPLS: During the review period, four women’s groups and three PPLS received training on group cohesion, financial management, and cost benefit analysis. Program engagement with farmer groups aims on consolidating the PPLS model by encouraging male inclusion and improving business and communication skills. The groups are continuously encouraged to use group savings for financing livestock GAPs and GAHPs. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

● Gokwe MCC: The program continued to train Gokwe Dairy Cooperative farmers and MCC leadership on credit management. The trainings have contributed to the revival and revitalization of the MCC’s revolving credit facility as farmers are now making 100 percent repayments on borrowings from the fund. Thus, the MCC continued to extend credit to farmers for purchasing stock feed and veterinary drugs. Forty-one farmers (51 percent women) received loans worth $1,618 from the MCC’s revolving fund to purchase stock feed and veterinary drugs. ● Village Milk Aggregators: Three village milk aggregators from Umzingwane and Chirumhanzu received technical support on dairy gross margin budgeting and financial management. Topics covered included cash-flow management; cash budgeting; basic accounting principles; producer database management; record keeping; and basic business ethics to include customer care and good interpersonal skills. The milk aggregators also received technical assistance on cold chain management, hygienic handling of milk, setting up business records, and conducting cost benefit analyses. ● Village Beef Aggregators: The program conducted a capacity building workshop for 13 cattle marketing agents, who are also cattle farmers working with the program, from lower Chipinge. The objective was to strengthen the cattle marketing agents’ capacity to efficiently market and aggregate beef cattle for processors. The exercise is part of the program’s sustainability approach to formal beef marketing. MC Meats has pledged to pay 3 percent commission of slaughter value to the agents in addition to the value of their animal, while Molus meats pledged to pay $1.14 to farmers per animal sold. MC Meats created a WhatsApp group to share marketing and technical information with the aggregators. The agents interacted with meat processors (MC meats, Koala Meats, and Molus Meats), as well as Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) and Microplan Finance during the workshop.

● Ngondoma Irrigation Scheme: The program provided operational assistance to new committee members of the Ngondoma Irrigation Scheme, Kwekwe on leadership skills and roles, conflict management, record book-keeping (including minutes of meetings), budgeting (gross margin, cash flow analysis) and corporate governance issues. ● Surbuban Veterinary Practice: The program provided technical assistance to Surbuban Veterinary Practice, a veterinary clinic collaborating with the program in piloting a mobile animal health service/clinic in Gokwe South and Kwekwe districts to increase smallholder beef and dairy farmers’ access to veterinary solutions. Technical assistance focused on practical approaches of engaging and interfacing positively with smallholder farmers to increase the organization understands and appreciation of program beneficiaries’ farming businesses. The program also provided technical input into their business model.

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

4. ENVIRONMENT This section summarizes Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s environmental mitigation and adaptation interventions during the review period, particularly as they relate to climate change. The program seeks to enhance environmental stewardship through regular assessments of beneficiary activities, trainings aimed at fostering good environmental care, reduction in environmental damage, and improvements in the personal safety of farmers through safe use of chemicals, PPE, and safe disposal of used chemical containers. Commercialization underpins all program activities, and therefore the environment strategy focuses on profitable and sustainable agricultural production, which in itself is a key adaptation to any climatic change. In addition, all program activities are based on good animal, agricultural, and business practices that have positive environmental outcomes and are designed to minimize and/or mitigate any negative effects on the environment. All program interventions are screened for compliance with US government and Zimbabwean environmental, agrochemical, and food safety regulations and are designed to have a positive impact on the environment. Specific NRM related activities in the reporting period included: Tree planting and soil erosion The program promoted the establishment of orchards/woodlots as they contribute to food security; stabilize the soil; prevent erosion; and enhance the soil’s capacity to store water. In Chipinge district, environmental interventions resulted in the establishment of more than 170 mulberry, mango, musau, mupanda, and munyii trees. Program beneficiary farmer Sithole Memory together with other beneficiaries from Chipinge took heed of program advice and planted vetiver grass, mulberry, and macadamia trees on the headlands and some areas prone to erosion around their homesteads to combat further soil erosion and protect land from degradation following the devastation caused by the Cyclone Idai. Sithole also invested in a deep well from which she is drawing water to irrigate her trees. Program farmers who had sanitation facilities/toilets destroyed by Cyclone Idai were encouraged to plant trees in the pits of the destroyed facilities to take advantage of the manure. Rotational overnight or moveable pens Foot rot disease has been a major challenge for program beneficiaries during the rainy season, as cattle are confined in muddy pens overnight. The program is promoting the construction of three cross sectional pens during this dry period. These pens enable cattle to be rotated to different sections where mud is minimal. Rotational overnight pens were promoted in all program areas to ensure cattle were more comfortable and less susceptible to foot rot. In addition, moveable pens help break the fly breeding cycle and minimize foul odors that characterize overnight pens under muddy conditions. Pollution

The review period coincides with increased activity in the development of nutrition gardens, postharvest handling of cereals, and routine animal husbandry practises such as dipping and dosing at household level. The activities demand increased use of chemicals for tick control; vaccinations; de-worming; postharvest storage of cereal and legume crops; and pest control in nutrition gardens. Farmers were advised to use PERSUAP compliant chemicals and safely dispose empty chemical containers to avoid environmental contamination and reduce incidences of reuse. The program continued to sensitize beneficiaries on personal safety during handling and use of chemicals. Rangeland management During the review period, farmers were encouraged to gather and store crop residues for supplementary feeding of their cattle in the lean season. Additionally, the program facilitated hay cutting Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019 from the rangelands and field headlands to create fodder banks at household level. Supplementary feeding of cattle provides resilience to the herds and reduces rangeland degradation. Widespread and uncontrolled fires on the rangelands have already been experienced in Umzingwane, Kwekwe, Chirumanzu, and Gweru districts. The program recommended that farmers engage local leadership to deal with the situation, by forming firefighting groups and constructing fire guards to protect established paddocks. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Farmers were encouraged to take precaution and use personal protective clothing to guard against health and safety risks during routine on farm tick and pest control on cattle and nutrition gardens respectively. Use of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) was encouraged during handling and use of pesticides. Women were also encouraged to improvise and ensure minimum exposure and contamination of any body parts to chemicals regardless of their gender norms and opposition to wearing work suits and gumboots. Fly control

The program facilitated the establishment of fly traps on new milking parlors constructed by dairy farmers supplying milk to village milk aggregators and milk processors such as Dairibord. A fly trap is one of the prerequisites for a farmer in order to become accredited to supply milk to Dairibord. Both dairy and beef farmers who have fly traps were encouraged to routinely service their fly traps for improved efficiency and a hygienic environment.

4.1 TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE The program trained 648 beneficiaries (54 percent women) in environmental subjects during the review period compared to 277 in the previous quarter. The most popular training subjects were climate change; woodlot/orchard establishment; control of soil erosion and safe disposal of chemicals (Table 4.1.1). Table 4.1.1: Environmental Training by Subject, Q3 FY 2019 Q2 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 Subject % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Afforestation 0 0 0 0 3 10 13 23

Climate Change 29 28 57 51 164 311 53 147 Personal Protective 33 27 60 55 32 33 65 49 Equipment Pollution 10 5 15 67 7 2 9 78 Safe Disposal of 48 75 123 39 52 38 90 58 Chemicals Soil Erosion 31 36 67 46 76 73 149 51 Woodlot/Orchard 73 68 141 52 118 99 217 54 Establishment Other* 1 6 7 14 1 2 3 33 Source: CIRIS

4.2 EMMP The program monitored the progress of a random sample of 118 beneficiary household farms (83 beef and 35 dairy households) to assess for EMMP compliance compared with a sample size of 121 farmers Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

(86 beef and 35 dairy households) in the previous review period. Data collection was conducted in June 2019 by program trained enumerators using a mobile data collection platform (iFormBuilder). The following sections summarize the findings from the assessments on topics covering including animal husbandry, animal health, and animal handling facilities.

4.2.1. Animal Husbandry Activities

Table 4.2.1: Animal Husbandry Activities % % Q2 FY % Baseline % Q3 FY 2019 Baseline 2019 % Q3 FY 2019 % Q2 FY 2019 Activity Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Beef Practice- Dairy Dairy Dairy Beef Beef 28 25 6 Is soil erosion a problem? 46 29 17 Are there signs of land 37 35 57 68 47 57 degradation/overgrazing? Are there signs of 38 36 69 56 35 66 deforestation? Is grazing management being 80 66 63 26 20 51 practiced? Does the farmer have a 90 82 80 9 47 66 woodlot/tree planting area? Source: FTFZ-LD program’s iFormBuilder

A reduction in incidences of soil erosion in dairy areas and land degradation in beef areas during the review period indicates that farmers are taking heed of the program’s continued training and technical assistance on environmental and natural resource management. Despite incidences of deforestation in Gokwe South district where resettled farmers continue to clear land for farming, the established woodlots in most program areas helped combat soil erosion. In some instances, mostly in beef areas, established woodlots we showing signs of moisture stress. The program henceforth encouraged beneficiaries to invest in deep wells that could support their livestock and woodlots with water toward increased production and productivity.

Beneficiary farmers are taking heed of program advice to practice rangeland management in both beef and dairy areas starting at household level. Farmers are reducing pressure on communal grazing lands in dairy areas by confining their milking cows in paddocks and supplementary feeding them with beneficiated maize stover, UTS, and bought in feeds for targeted milking cows. Farmers are also disposing of non-productive and old animals before the lean season. The proceeds from these sales financed purchase of stock feed and replacement heifers and calves, both of which have low feed requirements.

4.2.2: Animal Health Activities

Table 4.2.2: Animal Health Activities % Q2 FY % Q3 FY % % Q2 FY % Q3 FY % Baseline 2019 2019 Baseline 2019 2019 Activity Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Beef Beef Beef Dairy Dairy Dairy Farmers using dips/chemical 98 97 100 98 94 94 remedies? Farmers/Institutions using 96 97 appropriate 78 95 82 94 techniques/equipment? Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Farmers/Institutions with PPEs 96 97 58 92 65 94 and use it when spraying? Farmers/Institutions engaging a 66 62 5 74 20 63 trained applicator? Farmers/Institutions with 92 91 chemicals/spraying equipment 67 95 56 91 locked and in labeled containers? Farmers/Institutions disposing 96 97 chemical containers, injections, 76 95 65 97 plastics correctly? Farmers/Institutions using 93 86 pesticides that are PERSUAP 83 87 82 97 complaint?

Having realized the economic value of their herds, dairy farmers are taking an active role in looking after their cattle as reflected by an increase in the uptake of GAHPs such as dosing and dipping at household level. Farmers using appropriate techniques/equipment also increased across all beef and dairy areas. This is attributable to farmers, lead farmers, and community paravets who have acquired the requisite skills to administer drugs correctly to their own livestock as well as other farmers’ herds for a fee. A slight decrease in the engagement of trained applicators in both beef and dairy areas could be attributed to economic hardships resulting from a hyperinflationary environment and farmers failing to consistently raise payments to engage community paravets. The program continued to sensitize farmers on the importance of safe storage of chemicals and proper disposal of chemical containers, injections, and plastics, and during the quarter over 90 percent of program beneficiaries were using proper practices. There was a slight increase in use of PERSUAP compliant acaricides in beef areas attributed to increased understanding of program messaging, however a decrease was noted in dairy areas. The program will continue encouraging farmers in both dairy and beef sites to consistently use PERSUAP compliant chemicals. Some horticultural producers in selected program areas confessed that they used non- PERSUAP compliant chemicals such as Dimethoate 40 EC in the controlling of aphids. The program continues to sensitize beneficiaries on the dangers of this practise. 4.2.3: Animal Handling Facilities

Table 4.2.3: Animal Handling Facilities % Q2 % % Q3 FY % % Q2 FY % Q3 FY FY Baseline 2019 Baseline 2019 2019 Activity 2019 Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practic Beef Beef Dairy Dairy Dairy e-Beef Farmers with handling 88 83 facilities sited >30m from 86 86 87 80 dwellings Farmers/Institutions with 96 94 water runoff from facilities 95 94 93 89 diverted away from dwellings Farmers/institutes with water source (borehole, 98 97 95 98 92 100 well) >30m from livestock facilities Farmers/Institutions with 99 100 75 98 46 100 separate access to water for Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019 humans and animals Farmers/Institutions with 34 31 area around water source 32 36 23 34 degraded 61 74 Farmers using fly traps 5 77 7 77

There is a notable improvement in most animal handling activity indicators across all operational areas. Beneficiaries have appreciated the benefits of having proper, adequate, and correctly sited livestock facilities. Despite below normal rainfall received in most operational areas this year, there has been an improvement in farmers having separate access to water with their animals. Farmers were encouraged to construct separate feeding and watering troughs at their farms and in communities. This has also reduced water contamination and degradation at the water source for both beef and dairy areas. In addition, farmers invested in portable water through sinking dip wells and boreholes as water is critical in beef and dairy productivity. Fly traps without bait has resulted in a decrease in proportion of farmers with functional fly traps especially in beef areas. Farmers were encouraged to erect and regularly service fly traps not only in the rainy season when there is very high infestation of fly but also in dry season thereby reducing disease carrying vectors.

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

5. GENDER The program is committed to gender integration and continues to assist female and Text Box 5.1: Female dairy farmer champions as the male livestock farmers in all project operating first farmer in her district to became registered as a areas to improve their quality of life through commercial dairy farmer, breaking ground in formal milk marketing. livestock production. During this quarter 1,112 beneficiary farmers of which 579 (52 percent) Sarah Ndodha from Chirumhanzu, Midlands became a were women were reached with program certified and registered dairy producer by Dairy Services – related activities and this is attributed to the government’s regulatory arm – after meeting basic consistent gender mainstreaming in all program regulatory requirements for formal milk marketing such as activities. In three of the six operating districts, having a properly constructed milk parlor and other hygienic female farmers participating in program milk production standards. Ndodha, a program village milk activities exceeded that of male farmers: in aggregator, has since passed an on-farm inspection and as a Chipinge, female participants contributed 59 registered producer she is now finalizing her contracted percent of beneficiaries; in Chirumhanzu, 51 with large-scale commercial processor, Dairibord percent; and in Umzingwane, 61 percent. Zimbabwe Limited. Ndodha will commence milk deliveries in mid-July 2019, once her contract has been finalized. Gender and youth integration in program Ndodha is currently producing 8 liters per day from her activities is tracked and reported through the three cows and is set to deliver at least 200 liters each custom indicator LD 37 and disaggregated month. She is also expected to aggregate milk from more gender data in knowledge and skills training, than 20 beef-dairy farmers who are currently working access to credit, access to markets, ownership towards their certification and registration. of productive assets, and decision-making. The program is working with smallholder beef-dairy farmers Summarized below are the program’s gender in Chirumhanzu to assist them in meeting the requirements achievements during the review period. to sell their milk to formal and larger milk processors in in 5.1 WOMEN LEADERS IN Gweru. The farmers have saturated local milk demand from LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION the small-scale processor, Venge Stores. The nearby LD 37: Percent of female program beneficiaries in Mushagashe milk collection center (MCC) has remained relevant leadership positions gender unreliable as aggregators have yet to receive payments for milk delivered between December 2018 and mid-February The program engages with beneficiary male 2019. Linking these aggregators to larger processors is farmers, stakeholders, and community leaders more sustainable and will enable the aggregators and their to raise awareness and encourage increased producers to increase production and realize better women leadership in beef and dairy value incomes. chains. Female leaders are either lead farmers hosting centers of excellence or hold offices within farmer groups (MCCs, pen fattening and marketing groups, and producer associations). During the quarter, 53 percent of female farmers were occupying leadership positions, compared to 50 percent in the previous quarter and a baseline of 36 percent. A total of 67 farmers (57 percent women) were trained in leadership and conflict resolution. The program also facilitated meetings and linked farmers with private and public partners, service providers, markets, input suppliers, and financiers – including ZRP, AGRITEX, MC Meats, Microplan Finance, Gain, Feed Mix, and Dairibord – in all operating areas. The meetings provided opportunities for the program to disseminate gender messages and promote the integration of gender in partners and stakeholders livestock production activities. As a result, women farmers are exceling and taking leadership in beef and dairy value chains (see text box 5.1). Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

5.2 WOMEN AND YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TRAINING To ensure participation of women and youth the program conducted on farm visits and actively promoted farming as a family business. A total of 579 (52 percent) women farmers received various program related assistance to increase productivity, access new markets, obtain credit, and increase incomes. A total of 764 farmers (58 percent women) received training on women and youth empowerment compared to 506 (53 percent women) in the previous period. Three hundred and ninety nine farmers (54 percent women) were trained on gender concepts compared to 256 (50 percent women) in the previous quarter (Table 5.2.1). Table 5.2.1: Gender and Youth Training by Subject, Q3 FY 2019 Q2 FY 2019 Q3 FY 2019 % % Training Subject Femal Mal Tota Femal Mal Tota Wome Wome e e l e e l n n Gender Mainstreaming 1 0 1 100 4 9 13 31 Women and Youth 269 237 506 53 442 322 764 58 Empowerment Gender Concepts 128 128 256 50 217 182 399 54 Leadership and Conflict 27 8 35 77 38 29 67 57 Resolution Other* 37 25 62 60 0 0 0 0

5.2.2 Youth Participation Figure 5.1 Proportion of youth beneficiary farmers The program works with youth (15-35 years) to help them identify gainful entrepreneurship opportunities in beef and dairy value chains. The approach engages youth farmers to view agribusiness as a career and provides targeted trainings Youths to improve skills, knowledge, and information in technical, 16% leadership, and business skills. Youth beneficiaries are involved as primary producers, animal health service providers, transporters, aggregators of produce, and employees. One hundred and eighty three youth farmers Adults 84% representing a proportion of 16 percent of the total 1,112 beneficiaries engaged this quarter received program assistance (see figure 5.1). 5.3 WOMEN DECISION-MAKING, TIME SPEND, AND INCOME CONTROL During the review period the program provided trainings to improve women’s skills in leadership, negotiation, business, and technical areas of livestock production. Two hundred and thirty three beneficiaries of which 139 (60 percent) were women farmers received business skills training as cattle producer group members. One hundred and sixty farmers, (51 percent) women received capacity building on how to negotiate and efficiently run their microenterprises in dairy and beef production. As a result smallholder farmers across all program sites are no longer settling on the initial price offered to them. Two female farmers from Kwekwe district were able to make informed decisions and negotiated for higher prices for their livestock (see text box 5.2.2). Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Text Box 5.2.2: Female farmers utilize market intelligence trainings and make informed decisions to realize better incomes.

Recognizing that informal traders tend to exploit smallholders’ lack of access to marketing information, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is training farmers on market intelligence and negotiation skills to improve beneficiaries’ planning and decision-making abilities. The program’s market intelligence trainings are starting to bear fruit in Ward 6 of Kwekwe, Midlands, as more farmers are exercising negotiating powers after live grading and weighing their cattle. Grading and weighing enables the farmers to ascertain the true value of their animals after confirming the prevailing formal market prices. Equipped with these skills, lead farmer Vivian Hadebe realized RTGS$ 2,223 ($511) from the sale of her two oxen to MC Meats. Hadebe had rejected an offer that was RTGS$ 700 ($161) less from her neighbor. Due to the prevailing cash crisis, Hadebe received RTGS$ 200 ($46) in cash, an additional RTGS$ 30 ($6.90) per animal as subsidy on transport, and the balance was deposited into her mobile account. In a related incident, Margret Chanakira successfully negotiated a $400 purchase price for her ox, which she sold to a local butchery. The ox would have fetched no less than RTGS$ 1,450 ($332.30) at the local abattoir.

The program is continuing to work with all value chain players, including middlemen and local butcheries to ensure a viable, profitable, and sustainable value chain.

5.4 INVESTMENT AND OWNERSHIP OF PRODUCTIVE ASSETS The program continues its work with farmers to enable them to access, control, and own productive assets as a pathway to increased production and productivity, incomes, and sustainability. The program used behavior change communication to promote joint ownership of cattle and productive assets as a way to increase women’s access to and control of assets. Below are some of the success stories of investment by female farmers in productive assets during the review period. 5.4.1 Female farmer from invests in improved breeds to increase milk production and incomes In Gweru, Midlands, Kundai Nyoni is set to boost her milk yields and increase incomes from milk sales after swapping three of her beef steers for two in-calf dairy cross cows. The Holstein-Brahman crosses were sourced from Mike Van Breda, a local commercial farmer. With the potential to produce 13 liters per cow per day on average, the new breeds are set to increase Nyoni’s milk yields from 10 liters to 36 liters per day. The program aims to increase incomes of smallholder farmers similar to Nyoni, who are transitioning into becoming dairy farmers under the program-initiated beef-dairy concept through increased production and productivity of dairy animals. 5.4.2 Female farmer from Chirumhanzu invests in electric water pump to reduce time spend, workload, and increase agriculture production A product demonstration by private sector companies Solar Shack and Virl Microfinance, partnering with the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program, inspired village milk aggregator Sarah Ndodha to purchase an electric-powered water pump to motorize her 15-meter deep well. Ndodha paid RTGS$ 360 ($83) for the investment using proceeds from her milk. In addition to reducing time spent drawing water from the well for domestic and agricultural purposes (the pump has the capacity to draw 60 liters of water per minute), Ndodha will have access to potable and running water at her milk parlor, which is a prerequisite for certification and selling milk to registered formal markets.“I am determined to purchase the pump as soon as I can to make my workload easier, as this will enable me to produce my garden, irrigate crops, and will also cut down the time I spend drawing water from the well,” said Ndodha. The use of the electric pump at her homestead will ensure improved hygiene practices in addition to overall productivity as well as significant improvement in food and nutrition security. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

5.5 ACCESS TO FINANCE The program maintained its focus on improving women’s access to finance from MFI and PPLS groups as a key factor in empowering women and increasing household resilience. The program promotes saving and lending groups (PPLS group) among beneficiary farmers to build up their financial capital and as a reliable and flexible source of funds for livestock activities. During the review period, the program facilitated 30 female farmers to access loans worth $2,031from financiers (MFIs, MCC and PPLS groups). Twenty-three women accessed loans worth $231 from program initiated PPLS. The loans were used for purchasing stock feed, veterinary drugs, and in-calf heifers. The savings and lending groups continue to be popular among women farmers and to date the program has worked with 12 groups. In light of the prevailing economic situation the groups are now increasingly opting to save their money in hard currency. 5.6 ACCESS TO MARKETS This quarter, the program linked 91 beneficiary farmers (43 percent women) to new and existing networks of formal beef and dairy markets. 5.6. Increased access to formal markets by female beneficiaries pays dividends In Umzingwane, Matabeleland South, seven farmers capitalized on the relatively good cattle condition and recovering beef prices to sell seven of their less productive cattle directly off the rangeland to Heads and Hooves butchery in . The farmers, who sold their animals with the intention of purchasing stock feed to sustain the remaining productive cattle classes in the herd, collectively earned $1,889. Prior to marketing, farmers were trained in negotiating skills, animal selection, and animal evaluations. Beneficiary farmer Nomalanga Ngwenya commended the program for significantly increasing her income after she earned $309 from the sale of her ox, 50 percent more than an offer received from an informal buyer. In Chipinge district the program linked Marange Violet to formal market Molus’ Meats abattoir. She sold her ox to the abattoir and obtained $249 which she used to buy food for her family after cyclone Idai destroyed her crops. Middlemen had offered her 60 percent of the price she received from the abattoir. 5.7 TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION The program promotes technologies to empower women and increase production, productivity, incomes, and save time. 5.7.1 Chirumhanzu female farmers reap benefits of AI technology: Program beneficiairies Angela Hamadziripi and Fungai Dzingirai reaped the rewards of their investments in AI during the quarter, as they each received a bull calf from their two cows inseminated in July 2018. The calves are the first born from four successful AI demonstrations conducted by the program in the district which saw six out of eight cows conceive. 5.7.2 Chipinge female farmers adopts low-cost breed improvement Three program female farmers are leading the adoption of low-cost breed improvement in their area after committing their five cows for AI with Red Brahman and Simmental breeds. The farmers paid $65 per animal for the procedure, which was conducted by resident independent professional AI service provider, Zvemberi Dzoro. The offspring will be beef-dairy cross breeds that have higher productivity through increased meat and milk yields. While an active bull costs no less than $7,000, AI technology at $65 per cow is a reasonable and affordable investment for any serious commercial cattle farmer. “The AI initiative will allow us to choose the breeds that we want without a huge capital outlay as would be the case if we were to procure the bulls,” said Joyce Deruko. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

5.7.3 Female beneficiaries show resilience despite effects of El Niño by producing drought tolerant velvet bean Despite the El Niño-induced drought that affected maize production, Margie Mlambo from Chipinge, Manicaland is set to harvest about 5 tons of combined seed and hay from of her 0.3-hectare late velvet bean crop. The yield will be enough to supplement her eight cattle for five months of the dry season given a feeding regime of 4 kilograms per cow per day. “Velvet bean is an amazing crop; although my maize crop succumbed to the dry weather, it thrived,” said Mlambo. Velvet bean is a high protein, drought-tolerant and low-input legume fodder crop promoted by the program due to its adaptation to a wide range of soil types and climates. The program encourages farmers to produce velvet bean not only for supplementary feeding but also as an organic solution to low soil fertility and rotational crop with cereals. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

6. LESSONS LEARNED The main lessons learned during program implementation and mitigation steps taken during the quarter were: ● The village milk aggregation model is a low cost entry into dairy farming which provide opportunities for more smallholder farmers to participate in formal dairy production. The model addresses challenges of low milk volumes and long distances to the formal milk market. Aggregators in Chirumhanzu, Gokwe South, Gweru, and Umzingwane districts are consolidating and delivering raw milk to markets such as Dairibord Zimbabwe Limited and Milk Collection Centers. ● Adequate feeding and watering is one way of improving dairy cattle milk production and cow productivity. The program has been encouraging smallholder farmers to continue with fodder planning, harvesting, and preservation; gathering locally available feeds; feed/fodder beneficiation prior to feeding cattle; and buying stock feeds. In partnership with stock feed suppliers, the program rolled out challenge feeding16 through feed demonstrations whereby beef-dairy farmers were encouraged, using both home grown feeds and bought in dairy meal, to provide their cows with incremental quantities of feed provided they were increasing production. Significant increases in milk yields, improved cow body condition, and hence productivity of the milking cows was observed among the demonstration herds. Most smallholder farmers dry their cows in the lean season, but with supplementary feeding, milk yields per cow per day increased and lactation lengths were significantly improved. ● Building the business, technical, and entrepreneurial skills of village-based agents to efficiently mobilize and aggregate animals for sale, and linking them with formal markets, reduces marketing costs; improves market information flow to the lowest level; and builds positive relationships and hence a viable beef value chain among smallholder livestock producers. During the review period, the program facilitated a workshop between abattoirs and village beef aggregators/marketing agents. In addition to the village beef aggregators consolidating cattle for abattoirs for a commission, they provide livestock related services to the community at a fee. Services provided include but are not limited to vaccinations; diseases treatment; sharing current market price information with producers; mentoring client farmers to determine weights and estimate value of animals; liaising with local veterinary officers to obtain cattle movement permits; facilitating ear tagging of cattle for positive identification prior to slaughter; and promoting timely payment of cattle taxes by client farmers to remove potential trading barriers. ● Typically, smallholder farmers diversify their farming portfolios as a way of managing risk and improving their resilience to shocks. The whole farm approach reinforces this tendency and enables beneficiaries to increase their incomes, reduce poverty and poverty death, increase technology adoption, and improve production and productivity, as well as food security. ● Village and internal savings and lending schemes can be successfully integrated into livestock activities as a vital source of finance for smallholder farmers who have no credit history. PPLS managed to disburse loans worth RTGS $1,384 ($318) for the purchase of improved weaner heifers and veterinary drugs. Stakeholder and private sector participation and collaborations are essential for continued program activities beyond the life of the program. Engaging and involving AGRITEX, DVS, and private sector

16 Providing a cow with incremental quantities of feed provided the cow continues to increase production. The practice is only stopped when the cow’s production stabilizes. The practice results in the farmer feeding the cow for maximum production. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019 companies has increased program outreach, visibility, and ensures sustainability of the program’s technical livestock activities and cross cutting issues (nutrition, gender, WASH, and environment). 7. CHALLENGES The main strategic challenges facing the development of smallholder farmers’ beef and dairy agribusinesses hence affecting program implementation were:

● Inadequate rains during the 2018/19 farming season continued to cause widespread poor performance of the rangeland in all program areas. In addition, water sources for animals remained a challenge. Beneficiary farmers were trained and encouraged to harvest and stock pile hay; make silage; supplementary feed with bought in feeds; salvage any crop residues and stockpile any locally available feeds; and provide clean water to cattle. Farmers were also urged to buy molasses, Mabiko K, and urea in preparation for stover/crop residue beneficiation prior to feeding cattle during leaner months. Farmers were encouraged to mulch their nutrition gardens, plant drought-tolerant vegetables such as spinach, onion, and tsunga, and water the gardens using grey water. ● The hyperinflationary environment caused by the devaluation of the local currency and shortages of foreign currency set into motion price increases on agricultural inputs and other operational costs. The high cost and unavailability of veterinary drugs curtailed farmers’ abilities to adequately manage the health of their herds resulting in disease outbreaks across program areas. The situation was aggravated by the breakdown of government managed dipping services. To combat the situation, farmers were encouraged to form groups for bulk procurement of the necessary drugs and acaricides. This did not only result in lower transaction costs but enabled farmers to treat and vaccinate their livestock on-farm using PERSUAP compliant chemicals applied with knapsack sprayers. Improved linkages between farmers and service providers across the program operational areas brought about affordable services within the reach of farmers. ● Shallow markets for dairy products in Chirumhanzu resulted in cessation of milk deliveries to the formal market in the review period. The program efforts to link smallholder producers and aggregators with Dairibord Zimbabwe Limited (DZL), a large dairy processor in Gweru, paid off as aggregator Sarah Ndodha was certified, registered and accredited and is expected to start delivering milk to DLZ in July 2019. Other aggregators and milk producers in Chirumhanzu are at various stages of development as they are preparing to be registered, accredited and certified to deliver milk to Dairibord. ● Inadequate rains received during the 2018/19 season resulted in the early commencement of the dry season and the dangers of wild fires on the rangelands. Widespread and uncontrolled fires on the rangelands have already been experienced in Umzingwane, Kwekwe, Chirumanzu, and Gweru. The program recommended that farmers engage local leadership to deal with the situation, by forming firefighting groups, and constructing fire guards to protect established paddocks. ● Cyclone Idai destroyed toilets and buildings in Chipinge, thus compromising WASH issues. Farmers were encouraged to erect temporary structures, and for permanent solutions, to sell some of their surviving small or large livestock to afford reconstruction of fallen structures.

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

8. ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR NEXT QUARTER As the program is in its 4th year, efforts will be to consolidate, intensify, and diversify program trainings, technical assistance, linkages to credit, and input and output markets on program beneficiaries. As part of its exit strategy, the program will focus on building and increasing direct farmer–private sector interactions to ensure sustainability of program interventions. Specific activities planned for the next quarter will therefore include: ● Conducting the second round of the Annual Household Survey (AHS) for FY2019. ● Ramping up Grants under Contract (GUC) activities: o Support farmers in increasing access to cold chain technology, to minimize milk losses due to spoilage. o Facilitating access to water for dairy farmers leveraging on GUC resources to increase production and productivity of dairy herds. Farmers will be mobilized and linked to suppliers of finance and providers of borehole services to access water. ● Conducting challenge feeding demonstrations for improved productivity and production among dairy herds leveraging on resources from both GUC and private sector. ● Providing training and technical assistance to farmers on GAPs, GAHPs such as dosing, castration, dehorning, weighing, ear tagging, dentition, vaccinations and disease treatment, dry cow management, calf rearing, recordkeeping, and good business practices. ● Facilitating beef and dairy marketing through indabas (forums) and opening up new markets for dairy farmers in lower Chipinge. ● Continually mentoring lead farmers to create centers of excellence for beef and dairy enterprises. ● Encouraging ISAL/PPLS groups to engage in livestock activities. ● Encouraging off the rangeland cattle marketing to formal markets and investment in heifers and weaners. ● Encouraging and providing oversight and monitoring on farmer and/or farmer-private sector run pen fattening programs. ● Establishment and maintenance of woodlots and multi-purpose trees and orchards. ● Building the capacity of agro dealers, village milk aggregators, village beef aggregators, markets, input suppliers, and producer groups to operate as sustainable businesses units. ● Facilitating exchange visits among farmers to increase farmer to farmer interactions and learning. ● Conducting demonstrations on food preparation, food diversity, and good WASH behaviors to improve nutrition and WASH status of beneficiary household. ● Encouraging farmers to invest in breed improvement such as artificial insemination, purchase of in-calf heifers, heifers, and weaners.

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

ANNEX 1: SNAPSHOTS

Female Youth Farmer Excels in Increasing Herd Productivity

One of the global objectives of the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is to increase smallholder farmers’ beef herd sizes (from under ten to between 15-20) to allow sustainable sales of at least four cattle per year per household, earning between $368 to $552. To achieve this, the program is using a holistic approach that includes herd rationalization, good animal husbandry practices (covering cattle nutrition, animal health, cattle breeding, and general cattle management), linking farmers to input and output markets, as well as linking them to sources of credit to improve investments in beef herds. Additionally, farmers also learn essential business development skills such as marketing intelligence, negotiation skills, and recordkeeping to improve efficiencies when All Photos by Fintrac transacting with value chain players. Perpetual Muzima with part of her herd. In Chipinge, Manicaland, 33-year-old Perpetual Muzima is already seeing success after adopting good animal husbandry practices supported by a sound herd rationalization policy. Muzima joined the program in February 2018, with six cattle — four cows and two calves, one of which was female. Two months into the program, Muzima accessed a $143 loan from MicroPlan Financial Services, which she used to purchase an in-calf Brahman heifer to infuse improved genetics into her indigenous herd. The heifer calved down to a bull calf later that year. Implementation of program advice on good animal husbandry practices enabled Muzima’s four cows — which are all presently in-calf — to drop a calf each last year. Encouraged by the positive herd trajectory, Muzima further invested $460 worth of personal savings in another in-calf Brahman cross heifer, increasing her herd size to 13 cattle in a little over a year. Of the current herd, 80 percent are productive females, surpassing program “I am grateful to the [Feed the Future recommendations of having 70 percent of the herd as breeding stock. The Zimbabwe Livestock Development] value of her herd has since increased from $2,500 at program inception to program for encouraging young women $9,500 — a 280 percent increase. like myself to invest in herd growth and “I am grateful to the [Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development] realize the business opportunities in beef program for encouraging young women like me to invest in herd growth farming.” and realize the business opportunities in beef farming,” said Muzima. In recognition of her skills, knowledge, and confidence in livestock Perpetual Muzima, production, she was elected as Vice Chairperson of Budiriro Cattle Smallholder beef farmer Producer Group. “Surrounding farmers now recognize the value of my contributions to beef farming and I have earned a lot of respect from my spouse and peers who come to me for advice on beef farming,” added Muzima. The program integrates youth inclusion in livestock production and equips them with prerequisite skills and knowledge to allow innovative youth leadership in beef and dairy value chains. Youth beneficiaries are involved as primary producers, animal health service providers, transporters, aggregators of produce, and employees. Of the 1,112 beneficiaries engaged by the program this quarter, 16 percent are youth (15-35 years).

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

El Niño Drought Survivor Defies Odds

Adoption and adherence to program-taught good animal husbandry practices have paid off for Ladson Mubonesi after his cow Choice (who survived the 2015/2016 El Niño drought) calved down to different-sex twins in June 2019 – an odd one in a 1,000 calvings. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program promotes the adoption of low-cost supplementary feed options that make use of locally available and drought-tolerant resources to enable farmers to keep their animals in good health during lean periods. Even during lean months, cattle can maintain ideal body condition and increased conception rates when properly supplemented with good quality fodder. All Photos by Fintrac Above: Mubonesi with Choice in March Choice’s twin-calving, attributed to implementation of best practices in 2016 showing scars earned from her near- supplementary feeding and good animal health management, comes 16 death experience during the El Niño months after dropping her first female calf in February 2018 and 44 drought period in a nearby hill in search of months after she nearly succumbed to a poverty death in October 2015. feed. Below: Mubonesi with Choice and her twin calves. “After having purchased Choice in 2010 – five years prior to the inception of the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program – I had given up on all hope that this cow could conceive – let alone birth twins!” Mubonesi said. “Survival meal saved Choice in 2015 and since then, I have been making sure all my cattle have adequate feed requirements, especially during the dry season.” Mubonesi’s encounter with the Feed the Future Zimbabwe program at the height of the El Niño drought in 2015 came as a relief after losing two cattle. The Chipinge district as a whole had lost 2,600 cattle. The program intervened by encouraging farmers to procure survival meal as a short-term strategy to salvage herds. Through training and technical support, Mubonesi learned fodder flow planning to ensure production and stockpiling of adequate feed requirements for his herd to make it through the lean season. He established fodder crops, multipurpose trees, and cacti plants. In a show of his commitment to improving the production and productivity of his herd, he constructed a hay-shed for stockpiling feed resources including cacti, acacia pods, hay cut from the rangeland, molasses, and urea treated crop stover that he uses to formulate low-cost feed rations for his cattle. Mubonesi became the second beneficiary to achieve twin-calving as a result of adoption and adherence to good animal husbandry practices, after Stanislaus Chauruka from Chirumhanzu, Midlands whose cow also birthed twins in June 2017. Mubonesi’s herd increased from six, before program interventions, to 15 — a 150 percent increase. Of the current herd, 67 percent are productive females, as Mubonesi moves closer toward program recommendations of having 70 percent of the herd as breeding stock. The program is encouraging farmers to adopt best practices in supplementary feeding, watering cattle, breeding, monitoring and managing pregnant cows, health management, fodder production, and nutrition to maintain a positive herd growth trajectory. Since working with the program, Mubonesi and nearly 2,000 beneficiaries in Chipinge have not registered any poverty deaths. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Milk Meal Demonstrations Encourage Household Dietary Diversity

Consumption of milk in rural Zimbabwe is traditionally limited to fresh milk in tea or as sour milk with sadza. While the nutrient-rich liquid food is essential for bone-building, particularly for young children, the traditional forms in which it is consumed are not usually attractive. Smallholder farmers with milking cows confess to not consuming enough milk, a development largely attributed to the lack of innovation around its consumption. Milk forms part of the nine food groups that the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is encouraging beneficiary farmers to incorporate in daily diets to improve household dietary diversity. Beneficiaries are encouraged to consume at least five out of nine food groups per day. To encourage more consumption of the calcium-rich liquid among beneficiaries, the program introduced innovative milk meal demonstrations across all operational areas. The practical cooking demonstrations incorporated milk as a key ingredient. The milk meals consist of at least five food groups including milk such as sorghum or millet in milk, sweet potatoes in milk and peanut butter, pumpkin porridge with milk and eggs, chicken in milk, or banana pudding with milk. The meal demonstrations saw both men and women participating in the cooking exercises, making use of available on-farm produce denoting the sustainability of the recipes for rural households’ consumption. Photo by Fintrac “Thanks to the program, we are now able to prepare different Banana pudding preparation during a meals using milk. Previously, we only consumed fresh milk in tea or milk meals demonstration to as sour milk with sadza,” said Silent Njeza. commemorate World Milk Day in Chirumhanzu. In June 2019, the program hosted events to commemorate World Milk Day, which falls on June 1st every year. During these commemorations, conducted under the theme “Milk Day Every Day,” farmers prepared milk meals as a way of learning the various ways in which to incorporate milk in their daily diets. “I learned how to consume milk in various dishes from recipes that were showcased during World Milk Day commemorations that I “I learned how to consume milk in various attended. Now, I reserve milk for use at home,” said Maria Nyangari dishes from recipes that were showcased a female smallholder dairy farmer from Gokwe South who had during World Milk Day commemorations prepared the sorghum in milk at her home. that I attended. Now, I reserve milk for use at home.” In addition, the program produced a recipe book on milk meals to promote consumption of milk and diversification of household nutrition across program focus areas. Maria Nyangari, Smallholder dairy farmer The program is promoting nutrition-sensitive production and preservation of food to reduce costs and ensure food is readily available. Milk and dairy product consumption by program beneficiaries has steadily increased from 22 percent in 2015 to 48 percent by 2018. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

ANNEX 2. FTFZ-LD ILLUSTRATIVE INDICATORS

Indicator FY2019 Q3 FY 2019 Indicator Baseline Disaggregate Total Unit Source Target Achieved 0 Total 3,600 1,11217 2,01818 Number of individuals participating in USG Individual 1 EG.3-2 0 Beef 2,600 85719 1,549 food security programs participants 0 Dairy 1,000 25520 469 Estimated number and percentage of FTF beneficiaries holding 5 hectares or less of 2 LD 15 91 75 N/A22 N/A Percent arable land or equivalent units of livestock (Smallholders)21 87 Overall N/A N/A N/A23 Prevalence of poverty: Percent of people 3 LD 10 93 Beef N/A N/A N/A Percent living on less than $1.90/day† 76 Dairy N/A N/A N/A Mean percent shortfall relative to the $1.90 4 LD11 59 N/A N/A N/A24 Percent poverty line Ability to recover from shocks and stresses Average 5 RESIL-a 4.125 4.1 N/A N/A index Score

17 579 female and 533 male. 18 Cumulatively, the program has reached 2,018 individuals (980 males and 1,038 females) or 1,682 rural households across the six remaining districts. Beef farmers are1,549 individual farmers (732 males and 817 females) and 469 dairy farmers (248 males and 221 females). 19 460 female and 397 male. 20 119 female and 136 male. 21 For FTFZ-LD, the indicator is based on cattle ownership- households owning 10 or less cattle or two or less lactating cows are considered smallholder beef and dairy farmers, respectively. 22 The indicator is tracked through the AHS and the result will be available in FY 2019 Annual Report. 23 The indicator will be tracked and result reported in FY 2020. 24 The indicator will be tracked and result reported in FY 2020. 25 This is a new indicator introduced by GFSS under the phase two set of indicators in FY 2018; hence the FY 2018 result becomes the baseline. Data collection is through the Annual Household Survey (AHS). Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Prevalence of moderate and severe food 6 insecurity in the population, based on the LD 30 3126 31 N/A N/A Percent Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) Average household agricultural net income 237.72 Beef 900 N/A N/A 7 LD 1 USD from agriculture 415.22 Dairy 2,000 N/A N/A Farmer’s gross margin per animal with USG 18.80 Beef 30.74 N/A N/A 8 LD 31 USD assistance 119.49 Dairy 200 N/A N/A Yield of targeted agricultural commodities EG.3-10,- 9 among program participants with USG 2.61 Dairy 6.5 N/A N/A Liters/day 11,-12 assistance Average number of livestock units per beef 10 LD 32 7.2327 Beef 7.23 N/A N/A LU households. Number of individuals in the agriculture system who have applied improved 11 EG.3.2-24 4,946 3,60028 N/A N/A Farmers management practices or technologies with USG assistance. 12 Number of hectares under improved EG.3.2-28 management practices or technologies that promote improved climate risk reduction 56829 200 N/A N/A Hectares and/or natural resources management with USG assistance. Number of market linkages established with 0 Total 1,800 91 26630 Unique 13 LD 16 service providers entered into with USG 0 Beef 1,300 3731 14732 Individuals

26 This is a new indicator introduced by GFSS under the phase two set of indicators in FY 2018; hence the FY 2018 result becomes the baseline. Data collection is through the AHS and the result will be available in FY 2019 Annual Report. 27 This is a new indicator introduced by GFSS under the phase two set of indicators in FY 2018; hence the FY 2018 result becomes the baseline. Data collection is through the AHS 28 Assumes a 100 percent adoption rate 29 This is a new indicator introduced by GFSS under the phase two set of indicators in FY 2018; hence the FY 2018 result becomes the baseline. Data collection is through the AHS. 30 266 beneficiaries, 43% women 3137 beef farmers, 41 percent women 32 147 beef farmer, 39 percent women. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

supported MSMEs 0 Dairy 500 5433 11934 Total (Actual 2.3235 1.24 N/A Sales) N/A Value of annual sales of farms and firms Beef Cattle (live) 14 EG.3.2-26 1.28 0.78 N/A USD Millions receiving USG assistance. (Actual Sales) N/A Dairy (Actual 1.04 0.46 N/A N/A Sales) Number of individuals who have received 0 Total 3,600 1,112 2,018 Unique 15 USG supported short-term agricultural LD 33 0 Male 1,800 533 1,038 Individuals sector productivity or food security training 0 Female 1,800 579 980 Value of agriculture-related financing 16 EG.3.2-27 0 140,000 60,891 USD accessed as a result of USG assistance36 4,58837 Number of individuals participating in

17 group-based savings, micro-finance or EG.4.2-7 223 360 15440 Individuals 5339 lending programs with USG assistance38 Percent of beneficiaries borrowing at least

18 once to finance purchase of livestock or LD 8 0 15 2042 Percent 1741 other capital investment

33 54 dairy farmers, 44 percent women 34 119 dairy farmers, 48 percent women 35 Total actual sales were $2,318,072 (Beef - $1,280,831 & Dairy - $1,037,241). 36 The indicator considered agricultural related credit/loans received by MSMEs including farmers from registered financial institutions only up to FY 2018. The indicator was expanded to include formal and informal sources of credit as from Q1, FY 2019. 37 $4,588 was accessed by 53 farmers (57 percent women) towards the financing of agricultural investments (livestock infrastructure; solar equipment, small livestock and fencing) and working capital (veterinary chemicals and stock feed) 38 Modified in FY 2018 39 53 farmers (57 percent women) accessed credit (18 beef and 35 dairy farmers) 40 154 beneficiaries (47 percent women) participated in lending programs through USG assistance. They accessed credit from Gokwe MCC (dairy inputs) and Montana Carswell (feedlot inputs), ZimNat Financial Services and PPLS (Kuedza, Kutrya, Mwacheta, Deruko PPLS, Pepukai- Kondo Shingai, Vulindlela). 41 17 percent (9 of 53 farmers) accessed credit for capital investment including the purchase of livestock for long term investment. They invested in fencing, livestock infrastructures and solar system for water pump 42 31 of 154 farmers borrowed to finance purchase of seven in-calf dairy heifers and beef cattle, milking cans, small livestock (goats), and solar system to power water pumps and fencing equipment for paddocks. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

0 1,640 N/A N/A Number of individuals who have invested in Total Unique 19 LD 18 agriculture as a result of USG assistance 0 Beef 1,040 N/A N/A Individuals 0 Dairy 600 N/A N/A Value of individual investment made in 20 LD 19 0 820,000 N/A N/A USD agriculture as a result of USG assistance Value of new USG commitments and 21 private sector investment leveraged by the EG.3.1-14 1,182 180,000 21,86843 23,54844 USD USG to support food security and nutrition Prevalence of women of reproductive age 22 LD 34 65 70 N/A Percent consuming a diet of minimum diversity. N/A Percent of female direct beneficiaries of

23 USG nutrition-sensitive agriculture activities EG.3.3-10 53 60 N/A Percent N/A consuming a diet of minimum diversity Percent of households that consistently 24 LD 2 7 70 N/A Percent consume at least 5 of 9 food groups N/A Prevalence of children 6-23 months 25 LD 14 1 35 N/A N/A Percent receiving a minimum acceptable diet Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of 26 LD13 72 72 N/A Percent children under six months of age N/A Percent of households that consistently

27 practice at least 4 out of 6 good hygiene LD 3 13 75 N/A Percent N/A practices Number of people gaining access to a basic 28 HL.8.2-2 4,823 3,240 N/A N/A Individuals sanitation service. Percent households with detergent and

29 water at a hand washing station commonly HL.8.2-5 50 55 N/A Percent N/A used by family members

43 $21,598 was invested by MCC and aggregator Sarah Ndodha in thirteen in-calf heifers, milking infrastructure (milk hut) and water pump and an additional $270 was committed by USG in the investment of two 20 & 10 liter milking cans for two Gokwe South dairy farmers (Pepukai Martin and Lucia Zvidzayi) 44 $23,278 was invested in heifers (Gokwe MCC); milking infrastructure, water pump, dairy cold chain (gas chiller & cylinder) (Aggregators) and loading ramp (Cattle producer group) and USG commitments were $270 toward milking cans. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

Percent of households washing hands with detergent at 4 critical moments (before 30 LD 35 35 40 N/A Percent preparing food, before eating, after toilet N/A use, after removing diapers) Number of food security private enterprises (for profit), producer organizations, water user associations, women’s groups, trade Organization 31 and business associations, and community- LD 3645 0 70 2146 4647 s/ based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG Associations food security related organizational development assistance Percent of female program beneficiaries in 32 LD 37 36 50 53 5348 Percent relevant leadership positions

45 The indicator was retained as a custom. Originally was EG.3.2-4 in the Feed the Future Handbook. 46 Twenty-one organizations/associations were assisted in Q3, FY 2019: one private organizations {Suburban Veterinary Practice); Eight producer groups {Milk producer groups (Bata Pako; Kudzanai & Tashinga); Feedlots (Dingulwazi); Cattle producer groups (Budiriro, Matikwa, Pepukai Kondo, Siyafunda}; Seven PPLS and women’s groups { Ezinkulu, Ziyazenzela, Kumboedza, Mayohlome, Zibusiso, Deruko, Kuwirirana and Shingai}; Three aggregators {Mhlope Prayers, Sarah Ndodha and Chiedza Maparadze}; One Water User Associations { Ngondoma Irrigation Scheme); One Dairy Association {Gokwe MCC} 47 Cumulatively in FY 2019, 19 producer organIzations : 15 feedlots {Asithuthukeni, Chibunji Central, Dingulwazi, Irisvale, Kushinga, Kusile, Kuwirirana, Luvuna, Madinga, Sibambene, Siyafunda, Thandanani, Pepukai-Kondo Zenzele and Dingulwazi}, four cattle producer and marketing group {Budiriro, Vukuzenzele, Matikwa and Siyafunda}, & four Milk Producer groups {Njelele, Tashinga Bata Pako and Kudzanai}; One Dairy Association { Gokwe MCC}; 14 PPLS and women {Shingai; Dzidzai, Kumboedza; Mwacheta; Kuedza; Rugare, Vulindlela, Kutrya, Ezinkulu, Ziyazenzela, Mayohlome, Zibusiso, Deruko, Kuwirirana}; 9 milk aggregators {Chiedza Maparadze; Sarah Ndodha; Paramu Francisca; Emmanuel Ngwenya, Machina Siyengiwe, Dzingirai Juwere, Bhepe Rosina and Lovemore Ncube, Mhlope Prayers}; Six for Profit Private Organizations {Molus meats, Micro-Plan Financial, Venge Stores, Lead Trust and Satib Insurance, Suburban}; One Water User Association { Ngondoma Irrigation Scheme}. 48 The program has 411 beneficiaries occupying various leadership positions (53 percent women); 109 are lead farmers (48 percent women). Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

ANNEX 3. LIST OF BUYERS The companies below have all been engaged, some expressed an interest to transact and some transacted with program beneficiaries in target districts during the review period.

Company Products Contact and Title Tel No. Email Agri Auctions Beef cattle Witness Sibanda 077 2633953 0713433645 Bulawayo Beef cattle SI Brenner 263 9 [email protected] Abattoirs 400715/403689 CBS Milk Buhle Nyathi 0771 930480 [email protected] CC Sales Beef cattle Richard Wakefield 0712 601061 [email protected] Perseverance Dairibord Milk 0772367671 [email protected] Murambakanda Denford Matiringe Dendairy Milk 0774 306108 [email protected] (Bulawayo Milk Depot) Gokwe South Milk and Dairy District General Procurement (059) 2405 products Hospital Gokwe South Milk Elias Chiweshe 0775 927631 MCC Mr Dhlodhlo Kershelmar Milk 0772 252734 [email protected] (Procurement Manager) Koala Park Kobus Raath 0773 477751 [email protected] Abattoir Chiredzi Beef Cattle 0784 844000 Abattoir Kadoma Carl Tuke 0774 642755 [email protected] 0779 748230 Heads and Hooves Beef cattle Chris Androliakos [email protected] 0712 211856 Mandigonera Goats Tendai Sixpence 0777 167270 [email protected] Enterprises Mhofu Mukaka Milk Mitchelle Viviers 0772333601 Montana Carswell 0771 247612 Meats Gokwe & Beef cattle Arthur Rex [email protected] 059-2855 Redcliff Montana Carswell Rod Fenell 0773 982898 Beef cattle Meats Craig Green 0772 816069 Morestead Venge Processor Milk Morestead Venge 0772341448 Chirumhanzu 0774 101768 Red Tractor Dairy Milk Gavin Cantor 0772 831500 Beef cattle & Sabie Meats Neil van der Merwe 0772 214116 [email protected] stock feed Spar Zimbabwe Dairy products Buyer 0772 977 345 St. Agnes School Dairy Products Procurement 0775 024223 Sarah Ndodha Takawira MCC Milk 0773 378778

Umzingwane MCC Milk Sheila Lupuwana 0775 559742 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

ANNEX 4. LIST OF INPUT SUPPLIERS The companies below have all been engaged, some expressed an interest to transact and some transacted with program beneficiaries in target districts during the review period. Company Products Contact & Title Tel No. Email Agrifoods Stock feed Luke Mutemeri 0712 632 333 [email protected] Cottco Cotton Motes Mr. Mutauranwa 0773 715297 [email protected] Ecomark & Dr. Morgan Matingo 0772 282803 [email protected] Veterinary supplies Coopers Dr. Oswin Choga 0773 724088 [email protected] Technical information Econet Wireless Beniah Nyakanda 0774 222867 [email protected] on livestock Feed Mix Stock feed Wendy Krog 04-446132 [email protected] Dr. Bruce Fivaz 0772 189802 [email protected] Fivet Veterinary supplies John Magasi (sales) 0773 582239 [email protected] Maize, pasture, and Klein Karoo Beauty Magiya 0772 339326 [email protected] vegetable seed Smallholder Kurima Machinery appropriate Ryan Butterworth 0773 981599 [email protected] technology Lamour Dairy Milk, dairy animals Gareth Barry 0772 260799 [email protected] Products Lion Finance Paul Chapotaronga 0772 100257 [email protected] Finance Zimbabwe Trevor Arigundiya 0772 789 534 [email protected] Luipaardsvlei Brahman bulls Dawie Joubert 0774 334554 [email protected] Brahmans Meadow Feeds Stock feed Mark Androliakos 0712 212338 [email protected] Micro Plan Financial Finance Annah Sithole 0731772732 [email protected] Services 0772148713 National Foods Stock feed Willard Mukondiwa [email protected] 0733400112 National dairy Co- Milk bulk tanks and Mr. Watadza 0773 246570 op molasses Quest Financial Finance James Msipa 0772 573276 [email protected] Services Beef cattle & stock Sabie Meats Neil van der Merwe 0772 214116 [email protected] feed Surbarbian Animal health Chikosi Pasi 0772226670 [email protected] Veterinary Practice products & Services Taguta Farm Cattle Breeder Noah Taguta 0772452310 Clive Msipa 0774 164390 UNTU Capital Finance (04) 332968/308746 [email protected] Amon Basuthu 0773 026 844 Veterinary Animal health Nyasha Chipepe (04)793183 Distributors products Vet Distributors Animal health Chidhakwa Courage 0777498008 [email protected] Gweru products Stock feed and Windmill Claude Ndavambi 0772 433496 [email protected] veterinary supplies Zimbabwe Farmers 0771 564555 Farmer Organization Paul Zakariya [email protected] Union 0771 564554 Zimnat Financial 0773509977 Finance Tichaona Gumera [email protected] Services 04701176/80/82 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2019

ANNEX 5. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFICIARIES Table 1: Geographical Distribution of Households - Q3, FY 2019 Natural FY 2016 - Q2 FY 2019 Q3, FY 2019 Cumulative to date Value Chain District Region Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Chipinge V 788 943 1,731 135 70 205 923 1,013 1,936 Chirumhanzu III 268 353 621 9 5 14 277 358 635 Communal Gokwe South III 174 272 446 1 1 2 175 273 448 Beef Gweru III & IV 217 198 415 19 27 46 236 225 461 Kwekwe III 260 338 598 34 37 71 294 375 669 Umzingwane IV 238 193 431 17 1 18 255 194 449 Sub-total 1,945 2,297 4,242 215 141 356 2,160 2,438 4,598 Chipinge V 6 17 23 1 1 2 7 18 25 Chirumhanzu III 154 182 336 8 3 11 162 185 347 Communal Gokwe South III 400 504 904 8 8 16 408 512 920 Dairy Gweru III & IV 14 22 36 0 1 1 14 23 37 Kwekwe III 3 3 6 0 0 0 3 3 6 Umzingwane IV 63 61 124 3 3 6 66 64 130 Sub-total 640 789 1,429 20 16 36 660 805 1,465 Chipinge V 3 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 3 Chirumhanzu III 18 24 42 0 0 0 18 24 42 Gokwe South III 23 37 60 0 0 0 23 37 60 SSC Dairy Gweru III & IV 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Kwekwe III 0 0 0 1 2 3 1 2 3 Umzingwane IV 8 9 17 0 0 0 8 9 17 Sub-total 52 70 122 1 3 4 53 73 126 Grand Total 2,637 3,156 5,793 236 160 396 2,873 3,316 6,189 Source: CIRIS