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Carotenoids and Human Health nutrients Carotenoids and Human Health Edited by Jaume Amengual Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nutrients www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Carotenoids and Human Health Carotenoids and Human Health Special Issue Editor Jaume Amengual MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Jaume Amengual University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign USA Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/ special issues/Carotenoids Human Health). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03921-832-5 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03921-833-2 (PDF) c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Jaume Amengual Bioactive Properties of Carotenoids in Human Health Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2388, doi:10.3390/nu11102388 .................. 1 Emmanuelle Reboul Mechanisms of Carotenoid Intestinal Absorption: Where Do We Stand? Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 838, doi:10.3390/nu11040838 ................... 7 Ana A. O. Xavier, Elena D´ıaz-Salido, Isabel Arenilla-V´elez, Josefa Aguayo-Maldonado, Juan Garrido-Fern´andez, Javier Fontecha, Alicia S´anchez-Garc´ıa and Antonio P´erez-G´alvez Carotenoid Content in Human Colostrum is Associated to Preterm/Full-Term Birth Condition Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 1654, doi:10.3390/nu10111654 .................. 19 Jenny Ruales, Nieves Baenas, Diego A. Moreno, Carla M. Stinco, Antonio J. Mel´endez-Mart´ınez and Almudena Garc´ıa-Ruiz Biological Active Ecuadorian Mango ‘Tommy Atkins’ Ingredients—An Opportunity to Reduce Agrowaste Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 1138, doi:10.3390/nu10091138 .................. 31 Antonio J. Mel´endez-Mart´ınez,Carla M. Stinco and Paula Mapelli-Brahm Skin Carotenoids in Public Health and Nutricosmetics: The Emerging Roles and Applications of the UV Radiation-Absorbing Colourless Carotenoids Phytoene and Phytofluene Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1093, doi:10.3390/nu11051093 .................. 45 Catherine C. Applegate, Joe L. Rowles III and John W. Erdman, Jr. Can Lycopene Impact the Androgen Axis in Prostate Cancer?: A Systematic Review of Cell Culture and Animal Studies Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 633, doi:10.3390/nu11030633 .................. 84 Ji Hyun Kim, Jeonghee Lee, Il Ju Choi, Young-Il Kim, Oran Kwon, Hyesook Kim and Jeongseon Kim Dietary Carotenoids Intake and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Case—Control Study in Korea Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 1031, doi:10.3390/nu10081031 ..................108 Talia Wolak, Yoav Sharoni, Joseph Levy, Karin Linnewiel-Hermoni, David Stepensky and Esther Paran Effect of Tomato Nutrient Complex on Blood Pressure: A Double Blind, Randomized Dose–Response Study Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 950, doi:10.3390/nu11050950 ...................127 Thomas Lawler, Yao Liu, Krista Christensen, Thasarat S. Vajaranant and Julie Mares Dietary Antioxidants, Macular Pigment, and Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration: A Review of the Evidence Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1002, doi:10.3390/nu11051002 ..................140 Krista Christensen, Thomas Lawler and Julie Mares Dietary Carotenoids and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among US Adults, NHANES 2003–2014 Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1101, doi:10.3390/nu11051101 ..................155 v Corinne N. Cannavale, Kelsey M. Hassevoort, Caitlyn G. Edwards, Sharon V. Thompson, Nicholas A. Burd, Hannah D. Holscher, John W. Erdman Jr., Neal J. Cohen and Naiman A. Khan Serum Lutein is related to Relational Memory Performance Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 768, doi:10.3390/nu11040768 ...................167 Krystle E. Zuniga and Nancy E. Moran Low Serum Carotenoids Are Associated with Self-Reported Cognitive Dysfunction and Inflammatory Markers in Breast Cancer Survivors Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 1111, doi:10.3390/nu10081111 ..................177 Huilin Liu, Meihong Liu, Xueqi Fu, Ziqi Zhang, Lingyu Zhu, Xin Zheng and Jingsheng Liu Astaxanthin Prevents Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Mouse Gut Microbiota Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 1298, doi:10.3390/nu10091298 ..................192 Andrea Gille, Bojan Stojnic, Felix Derwenskus, Andreas Trautmann, Ulrike Schmid-Staiger, Clemens Posten, Karlis Briviba, Andreu Palou, M. Luisa Bonet and Joan Ribot A Lipophilic Fucoxanthin-Rich Phaeodactylum tricornutum Extract Ameliorates Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6J Mice Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 796, doi:10.3390/nu11040796 ...................209 Johana Coronel, Ivan Pinos and Jaume Amengual β-carotene in Obesity Research: Technical Considerations and Current Status of the Field Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 842, doi:10.3390/nu11040842 ...................227 Lourdes Mounien, Franck Tourniaire and Jean-Francois Landrier Anti-Obesity Effect of Carotenoids: Direct Impact on Adipose Tissue and Adipose Tissue-Driven Indirect Effects Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1562, doi:10.3390/nu11071562 ..................246 Silvia Llopis, Mar´ıaJes ´usRodrigo, Nuria Gonz´alez,Salvador Genov´es,Lorenzo Zacar´ıas, Daniel Ram´onand Patricia Martorell β-Cryptoxanthin Reduces Body Fat and Increases Oxidative Stress Response in Caenorhabditis elegans Model Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 232, doi:10.3390/nu11020232 ...................260 Renata Lucas, Johanna Mih´aly, Gordon M. Lowe, Daniel L. Graham, Monika Szklenar, Andrea Szegedi, Daniel T¨or¨ocsikand Ralph R ¨uhl Reduced Carotenoid and Retinoid Concentrations and Altered Lycopene Isomer Ratio in Plasma of Atopic Dermatitis Patients Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 1390, doi:10.3390/nu10101390 ..................280 Jean Fid`ele Bationo, Augustin N. Zeba, Souheila Abbeddou, Nadine D. Coulibaly, Olivier O. Sombier, Jesse Sheftel, Imael Henri Nestor Bassole, Nicolas Barro, Jean Bosco Ouedraogo and Sherry A. Tanumihardjo Serum Carotenoids Reveal Poor Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Schoolchildren in Burkina Faso Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 1422, doi:10.3390/nu10101422 ..................292 vi About the Special Issue Editor Jaume Amengual obtained his PhD in Biochemistry and Nutrigenomics at the University of the Balearic Islands (Spain), where he studied the role of vitamin A and β-carotene on lipid metabolism and adiposity. He continued his training at the Department of Pharmacology at Case Western Reserve University (US) as a postdoctoral fellow, where he studied the role of carotenoid cleaving enzymes and vitamin A transport and storage. Next, he moved to the Department of Cardiology at New York University where he focused on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. Dr. Amengual is currently an Assistant Professor of Personalized Nutrition in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. He currently studies the effects of β-carotene and vitamin A in cardiometabolic diseases. vii nutrients Editorial Bioactive Properties of Carotenoids in Human Health Jaume Amengual 1,2 1 Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; [email protected] 2 Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Received: 7 August 2019; Accepted: 8 August 2019; Published: 6 October 2019 Keywords: retinoids; carotenoids; bioactive compounds 1. Introduction Research shows that certain bioactive compounds in our diet have beneficial effects on human health. Among these bioactive molecules, carotenoids are some of the most chemically and functionally diverse molecules in food, which encouraged us to prepare a Special Issue on “Carotenoids and Human Health”. The goal of this Special Issue is to provide a compilation of the recent advances on this important yet understudied research field. This Special Issue contains 11 original research articles, five literature reviews, one communication, and one discussion of cutting edge, peer-reviewed research papers (Figure 1). Figure 1. Topics covered by the Special Issue on carotenoids and human health. Colors present on carotenoids denote structural changes between similar carotenoids. Digital object identifier (DOI), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). Carotenoids are a group of pigments produced by all photosynthetic organisms. Due to their broad distribution in nature, it is logical that heterotrophic organisms have adapted and coevolved to utilize carotenoids for their own profit, such it occurs in birds, where the plumage pigmentation is perceived as a “health signal”, conditioning their reproductive success. In humans, some of these compounds serve as vitamin A precursor (pro-vitamin A carotenoids), and others are crucial for
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