Indium-111/Technetium-99m 2055 Sodium iodide (131I) is given orally and by intravenous injection Oxygen-15 Profile 153 in studies of thyroid function, particularly in measurements of Oxígeno 15. Samarium-153, in the form of samarium ( Sm) lexidronam (sa- the uptake of iodine by the thyroid, and in thyroid scanning. It is marium (153Sm) EDTMP) is used for the palliative treatment of also used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and in the treat- CAS — 13982-43-9. painful bone metastases (p.660). It is given by intravenous injec- ment of malignant neoplasms of the thyroid. HALF-LIFE. 2 minutes. tion. Injections containing iobenguane (131I) (m-iodobenzylguanidine Profile ◊ References. 131 ( I)) may be used for the localisation and treatment of phaeo- Oxygen-15 is a positron-emitting radionuclide used in positron- 1. Sartor O, et al. Samarium-153-lexidronam complex for treat- chromocytoma (p.1179) and neuroblastoma (p.674). emission tomography (see Emissions from Radioisotopes, ment of painful bone metastases in hormone-refractory prostate Human albumin iodinated with iodine-131 is used in the deter- p.2052). It is used in the form of water (15O) and is given intra- cancer. Urology 2004; 63: 940–5. mination of the blood or plasma volume. venously to study cerebral and myocardial perfusion. Preparations Sodium iodohippurate (131I) is used intravenously for renal-func- Oxygen gas, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide have also USP 31: Samarium Sm 153 Lexidronam Injection. tion tests and for renal imaging. been labelled with oxygen-15. Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) 131 Austral.: Quadramet†; Cz.: Quadramet; Fr.: Quadramet†; Ital.: Quad- Rose bengal sodium ( I) has been given intravenously in tests Preparations ramet; Neth.: Quadramet; Port.: Quadramet; Spain: Quadramet; UK: of liver function. Ph. Eur.: Carbon Monoxide( O); Oxygen( O); Water( O) Injection; Quadramet; USA: Quadramet. Iodinated (131I) norcholesterol (6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholest- USP 31: Water O 15 Injection. 5(10)-en-3β-ol (131I)) has been used for adrenal scintigraphy by slow intravenous injection. Selenium-75 Various monoclonal antibodies labelled with iodine-131 are used Phosphorus-32 Selenio 75. for the detection of malignant neoplasms and some are used for 131 Fósforo 32. CAS — 14265-71-5. therapeutic purposes, such as iodine ( I) tositumomab for non- CAS — 14596-37-3. ATC — V09DX01 (selenium tauroselcholic acid (75Se)); Hodgkin’s lymphoma. ATC — V10AX01 (phosphorus chromic phosphate colloid V09XX03 (selenium norcholesterol (75Se)). Preparations (32P)); V10XX01 (sodium phosphate (32P)). ATC Vet — QV09DX01 (selenium tauroselcholic acid ATC Vet — QV10AX01 (phosphorus chromic phosphate (75Se)); QV09XX03 (selenium norcholesterol (75Se)). Ph. Eur.: Iobenguane( I) Injection for Diagnostic Use; Iobenguane( I) 32 32 Injection for Therapeutic Use; Iodinated( I) Norcholesterol Injection; So- colloid ( P)); QV10XX01 (sodium phosphate ( P)). HALF-LIFE. 118.5 days. dium Iodide( I) Capsules for Diagnostic Use; Sodium Iodide( I) Capsules HALF-LIFE. 14.3 days. for Therapeutic Use; Sodium Iodide( I) Solution; Sodium Iodide( I) So- Profile lution for Radiolabelling; Sodium Iodohippurate( I) Injection; Profile Selenium-75 in the form of tauroselcholic acid (75Se) USP 31: Iobenguane I 131 Injection; Iodinated I 131 Albumin Aggregated Phosphorus-32, given as sodium phosphate (32P), is used intrave- (75SeHCAT) is used orally in the measurement of bile acid ab- Injection; Iodinated I 131 Albumin Injection; Iodohippurate Sodium I 131 Injection; Rose Bengal Sodium I 131 Injection; Sodium Iodide I 131 Cap- nously in the treatment of polycythaemia vera (p.654). Phospho- sorption for the assessment of ileal function. sules; Sodium Iodide I 131 Solution. rus-32 is taken up by the rapidly proliferating haematopoietic Selenium-75 in the form of 6β-[(methyl[75Se]seleno)methyl]- cells sufficiently to reduce their reproduction. Sodium phosphate 19-norcholest-5(10)-en-3β-ol (selenonorcholestenol (75Se)) has Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) 32 Cz.: Capsion; Curicap; Hippuran; Lipiocis†; Theracap; Neth.: Capsion; ( P) has also been used intravenously in the treatment of chronic been used intravenously in adrenal scintigraphy. Jobenguaan; MIBG; Theracap; Port.: Capsion; Curicap; Theracap; Spain: myeloid (p.653) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (p.653) and Preparations Curicap; UK: Capsion; Theracap; USA: Bexxar; Hicon; Iodotope. in the palliative treatment of bone metastases. 32 Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) Chromic phosphate ( P) is given intraperitoneally or intrapleu- Neth.: SeHCAT; UK: Scintadren. rally in the treatment of malignant effusions (p.659); it may also be given by interstitial injection for the treatment of ovarian Iron-59 (p.670) or prostatic carcinoma (p.671). Strontium-89 Hierro 59. Preparations CAS — 14596-12-4. Estroncio 89. Ph. Eur.: Sodium Phosphate( P) Injection; ATC — V09XX04 (ferric citrate (59Fe)). CAS — 14158-27-1. USP 31: Chromic Phosphate P 32 Suspension; Sodium Phosphate P 32 89 ATC Vet — QV09XX04 (ferric citrate (59Fe)). Solution. ATC — V10BX01 (strontium chloride ( Sr)). 89 (details are given in Part 3) ATC Vet — QV10BX01 (strontium chloride ( Sr)). HALF-LIFE. 44.6 days. Proprietary Preparations USA: Phosphocol. HALF-LIFE. 50.5 days. Profile Iron-59, in the form of ferrous citrate (59Fe) or ferric citrate Profile Strontium-89, in the form of strontium chloride (89Sr), is used for (59Fe), has been used by intravenous injection in the measure- the palliation of pain in patients with bone metastases (p.660); it ment of iron absorption and utilisation. Ferric chloride (59Fe) has Rhenium-186 is given intravenously. been given for the same purpose. Renio 186. CAS — 14998-63-1. ◊ References. ATC — V10AX05 (rhenium sulfide colloid (186Re)); 1. Robinson RG, et al. Strontium 89 therapy for the palliation of V10BX03 (rhenium etidronate (186Re)). pain due to osseous metastases. JAMA 1995; 274: 420–4. Krypton-81m ATC Vet — QV10AX05 (rhenium sulfide colloid (186Re)); Preparations QV10BX03 (rhenium etidronate (186Re)). Criptón 81m. Ph. Eur.: Strontium( Sr) Chloride Injection; CAS — 15678-91-8. HALF-LIFE. 90.6 hours. USP 31: Strontium Chloride Sr 89 Injection. ATC — V09EX01 (krypton gas (81mKr)). Profile Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) 81m Austral.: Metastron; Austria: Metastron; Cz.: Metastron; Fr.: Metastron; ATC Vet — QV09EX01 (krypton gas ( Kr)). Rhenium-186 has been used in colloidal form for the treatment Ital.: Metastron; Neth.: Metastron; Port.: Metastron; Spain: Metastron; of arthritic joint conditions. Rhenium (186Re) etidronate is used UK: Metastron; USA: Metastron. HALF-LIFE. 13.1 seconds. for the palliation of painful bone metastases of prostate cancer. Profile Etidronate labelled with another isotope, rhenium-188, has also 81 Krypton-81m is a daughter of rubidium-81 ( Rb, half-life 4.58 been used. Monoclonal antibodies labelled with rhenium-186 Te c h n e t i u m - 9 9 m hours), and is prepared immediately before use by elution from a have been investigated for the treatment of various malignant ne- generator containing rubidium-81 adsorbed on a suitable ion-ex- oplasms. Tec nec io 9 9m. change column using air or oxygen as the eluent. Krypton-81m CAS — 14133-76-7 (technetium-99). Preparations 99m is used as a gas in lung ventilation studies. Such ventilation stud- ATC — V09AA01 (technetium exametazime ( Tc)); Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) V09AA02 (technetium bicisate (99mTc)); V09BA01 (tech- ies can be combined with lung perfusion studies to diagnose pul- 99m monary embolism. Cz.: Nanocis; RE-186-MM-1; Re-Bone. netium oxidronate ( Tc)); V09BA02 (technetium medro- nate (99mTc)); V09BA03 (technetium pyrophosphate Preparations (99mTc)); V09BA04 (technetium butedronate (99mTc)); V09CA01 (technetium pentetate (99mTc)); V09CA02 Ph. Eur.: Krypton( Kr) Inhalation Gas; Rubidium-82 99m USP 31: Krypton Kr 81m. (technetium succimer ( Tc)); V09CA03 (technetium mer- Rubidio 82. tiatide (99mTc)); V09CA04 (technetium gluceptate Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) CAS — 14391-63-0. (99mTc)); V09CA05 (technetium gluconate (99mTc)); Cz.: KryptoScan; Neth.: KryptoScan. V09DA01 (technetium disofenin (99mTc)); V09DA02 (tech- HALF-LIFE. 75 seconds. netium etifenin (99mTc)); V09DA03 (technetium lidofenin Profile (99mTc)); V09DA04 (technetium mebrofenin (99mTc)); Rubidium-82 is a positron-emitting radionuclide that is used in V09DA05 (technetium galtifenin (99mTc)); V09DB01 (tech- Nitrogen-13 99m positron-emission tomography (see Emissions from Radioiso- netium nanocolloid ( Tc)); V09DB02 (technetium micro- Nitrógeno 13. 82 colloid (99mTc)); V09DB03 (technetium millimicrospheres topes, p.2052). Rubidium chloride ( Rb) is given intravenously 99m 99m CAS — 13981-22-1. for cardiac imaging. ( Tc)); V09DB04 (technetium tin colloid ( Tc)); V09DB05 (technetium sulfur colloid (99mTc)); V09DB06 HALF-LIFE. 9.96 minutes. Preparations (technetium rhenium sulfide colloid (99mTc)); V09DB07 99m USP 31: Rubidium Chloride Rb 82 Injection. (technetium phytate ( Tc)); V09EA01 (technetium pen- Profile 99m 99m Nitrogen-13 is a positron-emitting radionuclide that is used in tetate ( Tc)); V09EA02 (technetium technegas ( Tc)); V09EA03 (technetium nanocolloid (99mTc)); V09EB01 positron-emission tomography (see Emissions from Radioiso- 99m 13 (technetium macrosalb ( Tc)); V09EB02 (technetium mi- topes, p.2052). In the form of ammonia ( N) it is given intrave- Samarium-153 crospheres (99mTc)); V09FX01 (technetium pertechnetate nously for imaging blood flow in organs such as the heart, brain, 99m 99m Samario 153. ( Tc)); V09GA01 (technetium sestamibi ( Tc)); and liver. Nitrogen gas (13N) may be used for pulmonary ventila- 99m CAS — 15766-00-4. V09GA02 (technetium tetrofosmin ( Tc)); V09GA03 tion studies. (technetium teboroxime (99mTc)); V09GA04 (technetium ATC — V10AX02 (samarium hydroxyapatite colloid 99m Preparations (153Sm)); V10BX02 (samarium lexidronam (153Sm)). human albumin ( Tc)); V09GA05 (technetium furifosmin (99mTc)); V09GA06 (technetium stannous agent labelled Ph. Eur.: Ammonia( N) Injection; ATC Vet — QV10AX02 (samarium hydroxyapatite colloid 99m 99m 153 153 cells ( Tc)); V09GA07 (technetium apcitide ( Tc)); USP 31: Ammonia N 13 Injection. ( Sm)); QV10BX02 (samarium lexidronam ( Sm)). V09HA01 (technetium human immunoglobulin (99mTc)); HALF-LIFE. 47 hours. V09HA02 (technetium exametazime labelled cells The symbol † denotes a preparation no longer actively marketed The symbol ⊗ denotes a substance whose use may be restricted in certain sports (see p.vii)