Export of Important Medicinal Plants to Local and International Market from District Dir, Khyber Paktunkhaw - Pakistan
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (1): 99-103, 2016 ISSN 1818-6769 © IDOSI Publications, 2016 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2016.16.1.12825 Export of Important Medicinal Plants to Local and International Market from District Dir, Khyber Paktunkhaw - Pakistan 1Muhammad Shuaib, 22Nawaz Jang, Shahida Ayub, 3Saeed ur Rahman, 2Muhammad Tahir Khan, 11Muhammad Fazil and Zahid Ali 1Department of Botany, Islamia College University Peshawar, Pakistan 2Department of Weed Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan 3Department of Plant Science, Quaid-e -Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract: The research is based on the sell and export of medicinal plants from district Dir to local (National) and international markets of different countries i.e. India, Europe, Afghanistan, Iran and Germany etc. Total 29 plants species were collected in month of February, March, April, August, September and November in 2013 from the Local Peoples, Local Dealers and Markets of district Dir. Fourteen (14) species from local dealers, 9 species from market and 7 species from local peoples. Many plant species were cleaned, dried and stored in bags and then transport to different market. These plants are use for various medicinal purposes and extract chemicals from these plants, which are uses in various medicinal companies. The most abundant collection of medicinal plants is from Dir Kohistan, Swat Kohistan, Tehsil Barawal Bandi, Rabat banda, Toormong Dara, Seyaar Dara, Malakand Banda, Ushaire and Maidan etc. Key words: Medicinal plants Collection method Export Marketing status Conservation of medicinal plants INTRODUCTION conservation of the medicinal plants. In Pakistan about 45,000 register herbalists (Tibb Doctor) work in their District Dir is located in KPK, Pakistan, sited between shops and clinics and prepared various medicines as 35° 50' and 34° 22’N and 71° 2’ and 72° 3' E. In East side is reported by Shuaib et al. [3] and Willium and Zahoor [4]. district Swat and the North side is district Chitral, South Majority of the populations getting health care’s from side is district Malakand and West side is Afghanistan. these Tibb doctors. The black circles in the map show The total area of this district is 5284 Km2 and population those areas from there these plants are collected and sell of this district according to 1998 is 1,293,507 most of them to the local markets as indicated by Shinwari [5] and are Yusafzai. From the name it shows that the area is the Arshad [6]. headquarters former of rulers. In 1996 it is divided into two districts further i.e. Dir Upper and Dir Lower. District Dir MATERIALS AND METHODS is basically mountainous surrounded by high mountains in all sides. Shuaib et al. [1] reported that the District Dir The plants specimens were collected from the local is rich of medicinal plants and the plants resources were peoples, dealers and markets that transport these plants gifted with tremendous chemicals uses by the humans species to different countries i.e. India, Europe, UAE, beings for various purposes only uses these plants which Afghanistan, Iran and Germany etc. The plants were is practices for pharmaceutical purposes not uses all the collected, identified in fresh form and put in dried plants Hazrat et al. [2] stated that the District Dir has form in the herbarium of the University of Agriculture diverse and rich of medicinal plant about 190 medicinal Peshawar as stated by Stewart [7], Nasir and Ali [8], plants were reported 40% of these medicinal plant were Ali and Fefevre [9] and Khalid [10]. During the sold in the international markets and 60% in national research questionnaire were asked from men, markets. And the local peoples earn money from these women, local dealers and markets about the collection, plants. The main Aims of this research to evaluate the drying, storing and selling of medicinal species in district medicinal plant, their value proper collection and Dir. Corresponding Author: Muhammad Shuaib, Department of Botany, Islamia College University Peshawar, Pakistan. 99 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (1): 99-103, 2016 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Talash, Wari, Nahag Dara and Kohistan Rs. in local market: 160/kg. The medicinal plants collectors were poor peoples of Rs. in international market: 500-600/kg local villages. These peoples depend on forming and Total amount in season transport: 8000 mans/ 10000 to collect these plants to earn money. Forty percent men, 15000 kg from Dir 30% women and 30% children were involved in the Export countries: India collection of these medicinal plants. These plants collect in start of spring season from February to April and then 4) Botanical name: Mentha spicata L. start from the end of summer to autumn from September to Local name: Podina December. Many people stores these plants after Family: Lamiaceae collection and preservation, some of the people sold it Area of collection: Rabat, Malakand, Wari, Dir, directly in the local market. About 350 tons plants Kohistan,Sayar Dara and Ushairai. were transported annually from Dir Lower. In the Rs. In local market: 60/kg present study, total 29 medicinal plants were studied, Rs. In international market: 150-180/Kg which belong to 23 families, were collected from the Total amount in season transport: 10,000 to 12,000 mans locals dealers and markets. The local inhabitants in were transported the market sold these vital plants. From the local market Export countries: India then these medicinal plants traded in the national markets i.e. Peshawar, Karachi and Lahore and then from 5) Botanical name: Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. the national markets transported to different countries of Local name: Venalay/Elanay the world i.e. India, Germany, Afghanistan and Iran etc. a Family: Lamiaceae brief discussion were given below from District Dir Area of collection: Rabat, Sayar Dara, Lajbok, Maidan, Pakistan. Malakand Banda, Dir, Kohistan, Swat Kohistan, Ushairai, Wari and Nahag Dara. 1) Botanical name: Pistacia integrrima J. L Stewart ex Rs. in local market: 60/ kg. 3,000/per mans Brand. Rs. in international market: 150-300/kg Local name: Shanai Total amount in season transport: 10,000-12,000 mans per Family: Anacardiaceaea season transport Area of collection: Malakand, Tangi Timergara, Lajbok, Export countries: India, Srilanka, Australia and Japan. Upper Dir, Ushairai, Chitral, Kohistan, Swat Kohistan and Tota Kan Batkhela. 6) Botanical name: Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Rs. in local market: 1000-1500/kg Local name: Kakorra Rs. in international market: 3000-3800/kg Family: Podophyllaceae Total amount transport in a season: 20,000kg/per season Area of collection: Dir Kohistan, Swat Kohistan, Nahag Export country: The plant is transported to India. Dara and Warai. Rs. in local market: 300/kg 2) Botanical name: Buxus sempervirense Hk. F Rs. in international market: 800-1000/kg Local name: Shamshad Amount per season transport: 10,000-12,000kg per season Family: Buxaceae transport Area of collection: Dir Kohistan, Barawal, Sheringal, Export countries: India and Europe Kumrat, Swat Kohistan. Rs. kg in local market: 50/kg 7). Botanical name: Valeriana jatamansi Jones Rs. in international market: 300-350/kg Local name: Mushk-e-bala Total amount in season transport: 5000kg leaves and Family: valerianaceae wood Area of collection: Dir Kohistan, Swat Kohistan, Nahag Export countries: India dara and Barawal Rs. in local market: 400/kg 3). Botanical name: Zanthoxylam armatam DC. Rs. in international market: 1500-2000/kg Local name: Dambara Amount per season transport: 20,000kg per season Family: Rutaceae transport Area of collection: Malakand, Dir, Samar Bagh, Rabat, Export countries: India, Europe and Iran. 100 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (1): 99-103, 2016 8). Botanical name: Viola canscens Wall. ex Roxb. 13) Botanical name: Allium cepa L. Local Name: Benafsha Local name: Payaaz Family: violaceae Family: Alliaceae Area of collection: Barawal, Malakand, Nahag Dara, Area of collection: Timergara, Malakand Banda Bala, Usharai, Kohistan and Swat Kohistan Munda, Dir, Kohistan, Ushaire, Dir Kohistan, Swat Rs. in local market: 300-1500/kg Kohistan and Barawal Bandi. Rs. in international market: 3700k/g Rs. in local market: 40/ Kg Amount per season transport: 15,000-20,000kg Rs. in international market: 100-200/kg Export countries: India, Germany and Scotland. Amount transport per season: 50 tons Export countries: India, Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan. 9). Botanical name: Morchella esculenta Fr. Local Name: Khosy/ Gochee 14). Botanical name: Allium sativam L. Family: Morchellaceae Local name: Ogaa Area of collection: Malakand, Lajbok, Saiyar Dara, Talash, Family: Alliaceae Dir Kohistan, Swat Kohistan, Barawal, Maidan, Rabat Area of collection: Talash, Timergara, Odeogram, Maidan, Dara, Wari and Nahag Dara. Dir kohistan, Swat Kohistan and Barawal Bandi. Rs. in local market: 15,000-20,000/ kg Rs. in local market: 70/Kg Rs. in international market: 3400/kg Rs. international market: 120-150/kg Amount per season transport: 200kg/ per season Export countries: Afghanistan, India, Korea, Srilanka, transport from Dir. USA, Italy, Bangladesh and Dubai. Export countries: India 15) Botanical name: Citrus sinesis (L.) Osbeck 10) Botanical name: Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. Local Name: Malta Local Name: Kamar panra Family: Rutaceae Family: Saxifragaceae Area of collection: Rabat, Khall, Dir Uppor, Maidan and Area of collection: Malakand Banda Bala, Munda, Dir, Talash. Kohistan, Swat Kohistan and Barawal Banda. Rs. in local market: 120 per dozan Rs. in local market: 400-1000/kg Rs. in international market: 200-300 Rs. in international market: 2200-2500/kg Export countries: Dubai, China, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan Amount per season transport: 5,000kg and Iran. Export countries: China and India 16) Botanical name: Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex Lamb. 11) Botanical name: Rheum australe Local Name: Chilgoza Local name: Chootyaal Family: Pinaceae Family: Polygonaceae Area of collection : Malakand banda, Maidan, Khall, Area of collection: Malakand Banda, Munda, Barawal, Rabat, Dir Kohistan, Swat Kohistan, Kumrat, Ushaire, Kumrat, Dir kohistan and Ushaire Zakhana, Dobando, Hatan dara, Qulandai, Doog dara, Rs.