Appendix A: Traffic Engineering Advice
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APPENDIX A: TRAFFIC ENGINEERING ADVICE GREENWAY CONCEPT DESIGN TECHNICAL REPORT 57 Greenway Macgregor Coxall Greenway Bike Boulevards | Revision 1 (draft) 21 December 2018 Gree nway B ike B ouleva rds Macg reg or Cox all Greenway Bike Boulevards Greenway Project No: IA174800 Document Title: Greenway Bike Boulevards Document No.: Revision: Revision 1 (draft) Date: 21 December 2018 Client Name: Macgregor Coxall Client No: Project Manager: David Borella Author: Stephen Read File Name: \\Jacobs.com\ANZ\IE\Projects\04_Eastern\IA174800\21 Deliverables\Traffic and Transport\2018-11 - Bike Boulevards Report\2018-12-18 - Bike Boulevard Report Rev 1_final.docx Jacobs Group (Australia) Pty Limited ABN 37 001 024 095 Level 7, 177 Pacific Highway North Sydney NSW 2060 Australia PO Box 632 North Sydney NSW 2059 Australia T +61 2 9928 2100 F +61 2 9928 2500 www.jacobs.com © Copyright 2018 Jacobs Group (Australia) Pty Limited. The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Jacobs. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Jacobs constitutes an infringement of copyright. Limitation: This document has been prepared on behalf of, and for the exclusive use of Jacobs’ client, and is subject to, and issued in accordance with, the provisions of the contract between Jacobs and the client. Jacobs accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for, or in respect of, any use of, or reliance upon, this document by any third party. Document history and status Revision Date Description By Review Approved 0 31/10/18 Draft report S.Read M.Mansour M.Mansour 1 17/12/18 Final report Rev 1 S.Read M.Mansour D Borella i Greenway Bike Boulevards Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................3 1.1 Purpose .........................................................................................................................................3 1.2 Background ....................................................................................................................................3 1.3 Report structure .............................................................................................................................5 2. Bike Boulevards ...........................................................................................................................6 2.1 Description .....................................................................................................................................6 2.2 International bike boulevards ..........................................................................................................6 2.3 Western Australia ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Victoria 30 km /h speed limits ....................................................................................................... 12 2.5 Existing guidelines for bicycle routes ............................................................................................ 12 2.6 Benefits of 30km/h speed limits .................................................................................................... 14 3. NSW 30km/h speed limits .......................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Safe Systems approach ............................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Other measures in NSW............................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 High Pedestrian Activity Areas ..................................................................................................... 16 3.2.2 Shared Zones .............................................................................................................................. 17 4. Weston Street ............................................................................................................................. 18 4.1 Measures proposed to achieve the Weston Street bike boulevard ................................................ 19 5. Ness Ave and Garnet Street ...................................................................................................... 20 5.1 Measured proposed to achieve the Ness Avenue bike boulevard.................................................. 20 5.2 Traffic reduction measures ........................................................................................................... 21 6. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 24 ii Greenway Bike Boulevards 1. Introduction Jacobs has been commissioned to provide traffic and transport advice related to the proposed Greenway cycleway between the Cooks River Cycleway and the Bay Run / Cycleway. As part of this work we have been requested to provide information to support the development of bike boulevards. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide background information on the bike boulevards to inform discussion about the implementation of works and the trial of a 30kmh speed limit. 1.2 Background The proposed Greenway Cycleway will be a high quality regional cycle route to cater for all levels of cyclists. Most of the route is off-road following the Hawthorne Canal or the Inner West Light Rail alignments. The cycleway will provide a missing connection between the Cooks River cycleway and the Bays Cycleway as shown in Figure 1.1. The cycleway will be a combination of off-road shared paths that run parallel to the light rail alignment and on road mixed traffic sections. The on-road sections of the Greenway Cycleway are proposed as ‘bike boulevards’. The bike boulevard is a concept of a low speed shared streets for cyclists and vehicles. The bike boulevard is the preferred option for the on-road sections on Ness Avenue and Weston Street, Dulwich Hill. The bike boulevard would be achieved using a combination of traffic calming measures and reduced speed limits. 3 Greenway Bike Boulevards Figure 1.1: Greenway Overview 4 Greenway Bike Boulevards 1.3 Report structure This report is structured as follows: · Section 2 –Background information about bike boulevards and 30km/h speed limits · Section 3 – Current controls in NSW · Section 4 – The proposed Weston Street bike boulevard concept · Section 5 – The proposed Ness Avenue bike boulevard concept · Section 5 – Conclusion. 5 Greenway Bike Boulevards 2. Bike Boulevards 2.1 Description Bike boulevards or cycle streets are cycle routes on quiet local streets. The speed limits are reduced to 30km/h or 20 miles per hour to allow for mixed car and bicycle traffic. They typically take on elements of high pedestrian activity zones and shared zones which include pavement treatments, thresholds and reduced speed limits. The following section describes the application of bike boulevards both within Australia and New Zealand and internationally. 2.2 International bike boulevards Bike boulevards or equivalent treatments have been implemented in several countries around the world. The ‘cycle street’ bike boulevard concept has been implemented in the Netherlands and Germany. These are streets that links dedicated bicycle facilities. Figure 2.1 shows an example of a bike boulevard in the Netherlands. Figure 2.1: Example bike boulevard in Leidseweg Netherlands Germany has a number of examples of ‘Cycle Streets’ on low volume streets where cyclists share the road with vehicles as shown in Figure 2.2. 6 Greenway Bike Boulevards Figure 2.2: Germany Cycle Streets In New Zealand, bike boulevards policy has been developed in Auckland under the name of ‘Local Paths’. In New Zealand the design standards are 30km/h and traffic volumes of less than 2,000 vehicles per day with an aim for 1,000 vehicles per day. The posted speed limits are supplemented with physical measures to reduce speeds. The city of Berkeley in California has implemented a network of bike boulevards. The boulevards comprise treatments at intersections, signage and pavement markings as well traffic calming devices. The design guide from the National Association of City Transportation Officials recommends streets with traffic volumes of less than 1,500 vehicles per day. 7 Greenway Bike Boulevards Figure 2.3: Berkley (USA) Bike Boulevard The City of London has implemented the ‘Quietways’ program which functions in a manner similar to the Bike Boulevard and Cycle Streets in other countries. They feature traffic calming and priority for movements on the Quietway. Sustrans which provides guidance for bicycle infrastructure in the UK also recommends Cycle Streets and provides technical design guidelines in Technical Note 32. Cycle streets are still relatively new in the UK but are currently being trialled. 8 Greenway Bike Boulevards Figure 2.4: Quietway 1 London 9 Greenway Bike Boulevards A broad range of traffic volumes are recommended for bike boulevards. Table 2.1 shows the recommended maximum daily traffic volumes from various sources including treatments in Australia. The Dutch CROW manual recommends a relatively low upper limiting volume for two-way streets of 500 vehicles per hour while upper limit recommended by the German design recommendation is 3,000 vehicles per hour. Table 2 1: Suitable Traffic Volumes Source / Country / State Type Daily Traffic Volume