Country Information Guide Moldova
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European Influences in Moldova Page 2
Master Thesis Human Geography Name : Marieke van Seeters Specialization : Europe; Borders, Governance and Identities University : Radboud University, Nijmegen Supervisor : Dr. M.M.E.M. Rutten Date : March 2010, Nijmegen Marieke van Seeters European influences in Moldova Page 2 Summary The past decades the European continent faced several major changes. Geographical changes but also political, economical and social-cultural shifts. One of the most debated topics is the European Union and its impact on and outside the continent. This thesis is about the external influence of the EU, on one of the countries which borders the EU directly; Moldova. Before its independency from the Soviet Union in 1991, it never existed as a sovereign state. Moldova was one of the countries which were carved out of history by the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact in 1940 as it became a Soviet State. The Soviet ideology was based on the creation of a separate Moldovan republic formed by an artificial Moldovan nation. Although the territory of the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic was a former part of the Romanian province Bessarabia, the Soviets emphasized the unique and distinct culture of the Moldovans. To underline this uniqueness they changed the Moldovan writing from Latin to Cyrillic to make Moldovans more distinct from Romanians. When Moldova became independent in 1991, the country struggled with questions about its national identity, including its continued existence as a separate nation. In the 1990s some Moldovan politicians focussed on the option of reintegration in a Greater Romania. However this did not work out as expected, or at least hoped for, because the many years under Soviet rule and delinkage from Romania had changed Moldovan society deeply. -
Moldova by Nicu Popescu and George Dura
Moldova by Nicu Popescu and George Dura Capital: Chisinau Population: 3.4 million GDP/capita: US$1,903 Ethnic Groups: Moldovan/Romanian (78.2%), Ukrainian (8.4%), Russian (5.8%), Gagauz (4.4%), Bulgarian (1.9%), other (1.3%) The economic and social data on this page were taken from the following sources: GDP/capita, Population: Transition Report 2006: Finance in Transition (London, UK: European Bank for Re-construction and Development, 2006). Ethnic Groups: CIA World Fact Book 2007 (Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 2007). Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Electoral Process 3.25 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00 4.00 3.75 3.75 Civil Society 3.75 3.75 4.00 3.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.75 Independent Media 4.00 4.25 4.50 4.75 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.25 Governance* 4.50 4.50 4.75 5.25 5.50 n/a n/a n/a National Democratic 5.75 Governance n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 5.75 5.75 Local Democratic 5.75 Governance n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 5.75 5.75 Judicial Framework 4.50 and Independence 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.50 4.50 4.75 4.50 Corruption 6.00 6.00 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.00 6.00 Democracy Score 4.25 4.29 4.50 4.71 4.88 5.07 4.96 4.96 * With the 2005 edition, Freedom House introduced separate analysis and ratings for national democratic governance and local democratic governance to provide readers with more detailed and nuanced analysis of these two important subjects. -
Rail Restructuring in Europe European Conference of Ministers of Transport (Ecmt)
Rail Restructuring in Europe EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS TRANSPORT EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF TRANSPORT RAIL RESTRUCTURING IN EUROPE EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF TRANSPORT (ECMT) The European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) is an inter-governmental organisation established by a Protocol signed in Brussels on 17 October 1953. It is a forum in which Ministers responsible for transport, and more speci®cally the inland transport sector, can co-operate on policy. Within this forum, Ministers can openly discuss current problems and agree upon joint approaches aimed at improving the utilisation and at ensuring the rational development of European transport systems of international importance. At present, the ECMT's role primarily consists of: ± helping to create an integrated transport system throughout the enlarged Europe that is economically and technically ef®cient, meets the highest possible safety and environmental standards and takes full account of the social dimension; ± helping also to build a bridge between the European Union and the rest of the continent at a political level. The Council of the Conference comprises the Ministers of Transport of 39 full Member countries: Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.), Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Russian Federation, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom. There are ®ve Associate member countries (Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and the United States) and three Observer countries (Armenia, Liechtenstein and Morocco). -
World Bank Document
Report No. 13891 -MD Moldova TransportSector Review Public Disclosure Authorized November 16, 1995 CoLuntry Departnient IV Europe and Central Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized -~~~;,, . ,:,...... - f, z .. ., ... - * . L ... - .- . CURRENCY UNITS and EQUIVALENTS Lei Lei US$1 = 4.3 Lei (as of November, 1994) DM Deutsche Mark US$1 = DM 1.5435 (as of September 9, 1994) ECU European Currency Unit US$1 = ECU 0.8109 (as of September 9, 1994) USD US Dollar USc US cent WEIGHTS, MEASURES and OTHER UNITS bln billion inh inhabitant kilo, kg kilogram km kilometer M, mln million pass passenger sq km, km2 square kilometer T ton (metric, 1,000 kg) th thousand vd vehicles per day CONVERSION FACTORS 1 mile 1.609 meters 1 kg = 2.205 lbs 1 US gallon = 3.785 liters 1 sq km = 0.386 square miles CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS CXHy,HC Hydrocarbons CO Carbon Monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide NO,, Nitrogen Oxides SO, Sulfur Dioxide GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ATC Air Traffic Control CAA Civil Aviation Administration CIF Cost-Insurance-Freight CIS Commonwealth of Independent States EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EDI Electronic Data Interchanges EU European Union FIATA Federation Internationale des Associations des Transitaires et Assimiles FOB Free-On-Board FSU Former Soviet Union GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDI Gross Domestic Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product IATA International Air Transport Association ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IMF International -
Local Elections in the Republic of Moldova (20 October 2019)
38th SESSION Report CG38(2020)12prov 14 February 2020 Local elections in the Republic of Moldova (20 October 2019) Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the European Charter of Local Self-Government (Monitoring Committee) Rapporteur:1 Vladimir PREBILIC, Slovenia (L, SOC/G/PD) Draft recommendation (for vote) ............................................................................................................. 3 Explanatory memorandum (for information) ........................................................................................... 5 Summary Following an invitation of the authorities of the Republic of Moldova, the Congress carried out a mission to observe the local elections in the country on 20 October 2019. Prior to the main mission, a reduced Congress Delegation visited Chisinau from 2 to 4 October to carry out a pre-electoral visit. The Delegation to observe the 20 October local elections was deployed from 17 to 21 October 2019 and involved 24 observers from 21 European countries. On the Election Day, the Delegation was divided into eleven teams, which visited some 200 polling stations across the country and observed the voting as well as the counting process. Technically, the elections were well prepared and administered by an overall experienced electoral staff at the level of the polling stations. The Congress welcomes some of the efforts made by the Moldovan authorities to improve the legal framework for elections, in particular amendments aiming at a better regulation of financing of political parties and regulation of campaign activities. However, the changes were introduced close to the Election Day and implemented in a very tight timeframe, increasing pressure on electoral bodies and generating uncertainty among candidates and citizens. Despite some positive changes, the Congress expresses its concern about the overly burdensome registration requirements for independent candidates compared to the candidates from political parties. -
Social and Economic Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Groups and Economic Sectors in the Republic of Moldova
Social and Economic Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Groups and Economic Sectors in the Republic of Moldova Impact Assessment Report November 2020 Social and Economic Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups and economic sectors in the Republic of Moldova Impact Assessment Report November 2020 Social and Economic Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups UNDP and economic sectors in the Republic of Moldova UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty, inequality, and climate change. Working with our broad network of experts and partners in 170 countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and planet. This Socio-Economic Impact Assessment was produced with the financial and technical assistance of UNDP and UNFPA Moldova and with support from the State Chancellery of the Republic of Moldova. The analytical part was commissioned to PwC. The content of this publication is the sole re- sponsibility of the author and does not necessary represent the views of the UNDP and UNFPA. The data used for the analysis cover the period from May to October 2020. Copyright: UNDP Moldova, 2020 3 Social and Economic Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups UNDP and economic sectors in the Republic of Moldova Foreword The Republic of Moldova is going through a difficult pe- riod, characterized by multiple challenges. The coronavi- rus pandemic, currently faced by the entire humankind, has shown that the old means and approaches are inef- fective, forcing us to reinvent how to deal with an unprec- edented threat that does not take into account national borders, race or social status. -
Moldova Bulletin
Moldova Bulletin A Digest of Freedom of Expression-Related Developments in Moldova December 2004 – February 20051 *** In this Issue: • In the December 2004 case Busuioc v Moldova, the European Court of Human Rights holds that Moldova violated Article 10 of the European Convention of Human Rights. • The public broadcaster TeleRadio Moldova remains largely dependent on the authorities. Elections • The strict regulations on media and elections appear to have undercut free debate. • The media fails to provide comprehensive information to the public on the election campaign. The ruling Communist Party is portrayed in an unduly positive context. • The OSCE states that the elections generally complied with OSCE standards, but “campaign conditions and media access were not satisfactorily equitable”. • The Central Elections Commission is accused of lack of transparency. • Opposition candidates and campaigners are harassed during the electoral campaign. Parliamentary Elections On 6 March 2005, Moldova held elections for a new, unicameral Parliament consisting of 2 101 Members of Parliament with a four-year mandate. According to official results, 45.98 1 This Bulletin covers events up to the parliamentary elections of 6 March 2005. 1 percent of Moldovans gave their vote to the ruling Communist Party, while the Democratic Moldova electoral bloc received 28.53 percent of votes and the Christian Popular Democratic Party 9.07 percent of votes.3 No other competitors passed the electoral threshold. Based on these results, the Communist Party received -
Occupied-Elections-Eng.Pdf
This paper has been prepared by the Ukrainian non- governmental organization “European Pravda” RESEARCH AUTHORS: Natalie Ischenko (Gumba) – independent analyst, Yuriy Panchenko – editor of “European Pravda”, Sergiy Sydorenko – editor of “European Pravda” TRANSLATOR Mariya Yemets EDITOR OF THE ENGLISH VERSION Lesia Dubenko This research was funded by the Kharkiv office of theKonrad- Adenauer-Stiftung in Ukraine. The authors are responsible for the content of this research. CONTENTS 03 SUMMARY 07 MOLDOVA 29 GEORGIA 41 LESSONS LEARNED FOR UKRAINE 01 01 SUMMARY The military conflict in Donbas is a challenge for the Ukrainian government. On the one hand, Kyiv needs to engage the population of the non-controlled territories in the national election process. On the other, it has to figure out how to ensure that the elections are democratic, free, and fair. These endeavours require a set of solutions, which the Ukrainian government currently lacks. In this analytical note, we present an analysis of how Moldova and Georgia managed to organize the electoral participation for citizens living in the non- controlled territories. It analyses both the solutions and the shortcomings of the relevant procedures and practices. The takeaways of our analysis are the following: Neither Moldova nor Georgia holds national elections directly in the occupied territories. Also Chișinău and Tbilisi do not hold local elections there and do not recognize the de facto authorities on the territories not controlled by the government. Accordingly, Ukraine cannot replicate their experience for organization of elections on the occupied Ukrainian territories before their reintegration. Nonetheless, some of the practical solutions and experience gained by Moldova and Georgia over decades could contribute to the discussion whether it is possible to hold local elections in the occupied areas of Donbas. -
Local Elections in the Republic of Moldova (20 October 2019)
STATUTORY FORUM Report CG-FORUM(2020)01-04 28 September 2020 Local elections in the Republic of Moldova (20 October 2019) Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the European Charter of Local Self-Government (Monitoring Committee) Rapporteur:1 Vladimir PREBILIC, Slovenia (L, SOC/G/PD) Recommendation 443 (2020).................................................................................................................. 3 Explanatory memorandum ...................................................................................................................... 5 Summary Following an invitation of the authorities of the Republic of Moldova, the Congress carried out a mission to observe the local elections in the country on 20 October 2019. Prior to the main mission, a reduced Congress Delegation visited Chisinau from 2 to 4 October to carry out a pre-electoral visit. The Delegation to observe the 20 October local elections was deployed from 17 to 21 October 2019 and involved 24 observers from 21 European countries. On the Election Day, the Delegation was divided into eleven teams, which visited some 200 polling stations across the country and observed the voting as well as the counting process. Technically, the elections were well prepared and administered by an overall experienced electoral staff at the level of the polling stations. The Congress welcomes some of the efforts made by the Moldovan authorities to improve the legal framework for elections, in particular amendments aiming at a better regulation of financing of political parties and regulation of campaign activities. However, the changes were introduced close to the Election Day and implemented in a very tight timeframe, increasing pressure on electoral bodies and generating uncertainty among candidates and citizens. Despite some positive changes, the Congress expresses its concern about the overly burdensome registration requirements for independent candidates compared to the candidates from political parties. -
Moldova Parliamentary Elections, 30 November
ELECTION OBSERVATION DELEGATION TO THE PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA (30 November 2014) Report by Igor ŠOLTES, Chair of the Delegation Annexes: A - List of Participants and Programme B - EP Delegation press statement C - Preliminary Findings and Conclusions Introduction On 18 September 2014, the Conference of Presidents authorised the sending of an Election Observation Delegation, composed of 7 Members, to observe the parliamentary elections in Moldova, scheduled for 30 November 2014. The participation of one of the members was canceled in last moment. Due to the impossibility to obtain a new accreditation for a replacing member, because of closed deadline for registration, the delegation was composed only of 6 members of the European Parliament. They represented five different EU countries and five different political groups according to the rotating d'Hondt system. The delegation included: Igor ŠOLTES (Head of delegation, Slovenia, Greens/EFA), Alberto CIRIO (Italy, EPP), Andi CRISTEA (Romania, S&D), Soraya POST (Sweden, S&D), Kristina WINBERG (Sweden, EFDD) and Konstantinos PAPADAKIS (Greece, NI). The Delegation conducted its activities in Moldova between 27 November and 2 December 2014. Following the usual practice in the OSCE area, the EP Delegation was integrated in the International Election Observation Mission (IEOM) organised by the ODIHR, and cooperated together with the Parliamentary Assemblies of the OSCE and the Council of Europe present on the ground. According to the preliminary findings and conclusions, which were as well endorsed by the European Parliament, the elections in Moldova were well administrated offering a wide choice of political alternatives, with an election campaign influenced by geo-political aspirations and marked by the late de-registration of one electoral contestants. -
Freedom House, Its Academic Advisers, and the Author(S) of This Report
Moldova By Victor Gotișan Capital: Chisinau Population: 3.5 Million GNI/capita, PPP: $5,670 Source: World Bank World Development Indicators. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 National Democratic 5.75 6.00 5.75 5.75 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 5.75 Governance Electoral Process 4.00 4.25 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 Civil Society 3.75 3.50 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 Independent Media 5.75 5.75 5.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Local Democratic 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.50 5.50 5.50 Governance Judicial Framework 4.50 4.75 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.75 4.75 4.75 5.00 5.00 and Independence Corruption 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.75 5.75 5.75 6.00 6.00 6.00 Democracy Score 5.07 5.14 4.96 4.89 4.82 4.86 4.86 4.89 4.93 4.93 NOTE: The ratings reflect the consensus of Freedom House, its academic advisers, and the author(s) of this report. If consensus cannot be reached, Freedom House is responsible for the final ratings. The ratings are based on a scale of 1 to 7, with 1 representing the highest level of democratic progress and 7 the lowest. -
ECONOMICA Revistă Ştiinţifico-Didactică
ECONOMIE GENERALĂ / ECONOMICS ACADEMIA DE STUDII ECONOMICE DIN MOLDOVA ECONOMICA Revistă ştiinţifico-didactică An. XIX, nr.1 (75), martie 2011 © Departamentul Editorial–Poligrafic al ASEM Revista / Journal „ECONOMICA” nr.1(75) 2011 1 ECONOMIE GENERALĂ / ECONOMICS COLEGIUL DE REDACŢIE: Prof. univ. dr. hab. Ion BOLUN, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Prof. univ. dr. hab. Vasile BUCUR, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Prof. dr. Piotr BULA, Academia de Economie din Kracovia, Polonia Prof. univ. dr. hab. Eugenia FEURAŞ, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Prof. dr. hab. Iurii MACAGON, Universitatea Naţională, Ucraina Prof. univ. dr. hab. Vitalii MACAROV, Academia de Ştiinţe, Rusia Prof. univ. dr., acad. Anatolie MAZARACHI, Universitatea Naţională de Comerţ şi Economie din Kiev, Ucraina Prof. univ. dr. hab. m.c. al AŞM Gheorghe MIŞCOI, Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei Prof. univ. dr. hab. m.c. al AŞM Dumitru MOLDOVAN, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Prof. univ. dr. Ion PETRESCU, Universitatea „Spiru Haret”, Braşov, România Prof. dr. Alban RISCHARD, Universitatea „Pierre Mendès France de Grenoble”, Franţa Prof. dr. Agop SARKISEAN, Academia de Economie din Sviştov, Bulgaria Prof. univ. dr. Ioan-Franc N. VALERIU, Institutul de Cercetări Economice al Academiei Române Prof. univ. dr. Gheorghe ZAMAN, m.c. al Academiei Române, Institutul de Economie Naţională Prof. univ. dr. hab. Rodica HÂNCU, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Prof. univ. dr. Oleg STRATULAT, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Conf. univ. dr. Marina BELOSTECINIC, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Conf. univ. dr. Nadejda BOTNARI, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Conf. univ. dr. Oxana SAVCIUC, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Conf.