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Creating a Mesh Sensor Network Using Raspberry Pi and Xbee Radio Modules
Creating a mesh sensor network using Raspberry Pi and XBee radio modules By Michael Forcella In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In The Department of Computer Science State University of New York New Paltz, NY 12561 May 2017 Creating a mesh sensor network using Raspberry Pi and XBee radio modules Michael Forcella State University of New York at New Paltz _________________________________ We the thesis committee for the above candidate for the Master of Science degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this thesis. ______________________________________ David Richardson, Thesis Advisor Department of Biology, SUNY New Paltz ______________________________________ Chirakkal Easwaran, Thesis Committee Member Department of Computer Science, SUNY New Paltz ______________________________________ Hanh Pham, Thesis Committee Member Department of Computer Science, SUNY New Paltz Approved on __________________ Submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the Master of Science degree in Computer Science at the State University of New York at New Paltz ABSTRACT A mesh network is a type of network topology in which one or more nodes are capable of relaying data within the network. The data is relayed by the router nodes, which send the messages via one or more 'hops' until it reaches its intended destination. Mesh networks can be applied in situations where the structure or shape of the network does not permit every node to be within range of its final destination. One such application is that of environmental sensing. When creating a large network of sensors, however, we are often limited by the cost of such sensors. This thesis presents a low-cost mesh network framework, to which any number of different sensors can be attached. -
Introduction Use Runit with Traditional Init (Sysvinit)
2021/07/26 19:10 (UTC) 1/12 Runit Runit Introduction runit is a UNIX init scheme with service supervision. It is a cross-platform Unix init scheme with service supervision, a replacement for sysvinit, and other init schemes and supervision that are used with the traditional init. runit is compatible with djb's daemontools. In Unix-based computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the computer system. Init is a daemon process that continues running until the system is shut down. Slackware comes with its own legacy init (/sbin/init) from the sysvinit package, that used to be included in almost all other major Linux distributions. The init daemon (or its replacement) is characterised by Process ID 1 (PID 1). To read on the benefits of runit, see here: http://smarden.org/runit/benefits.html * Unless otherwise stated, all commands in this article are to be run by root. Use runit with traditional init (sysvinit) runit is not provided by Slackware, but a SlackBuild is maintained on https://slackbuilds.org/. It does not have any dependencies. As we do not want yet to replace init with runit, run the slackbuild with CONFIG=no: CONFIG=no ./runit.SlackBuild Then install the resulting package and proceed as follows: mkdir /etc/runit/ /service/ cp -a /usr/doc/runit-*/etc/2 /etc/runit/ /sbin/runsvdir-start & Starting via rc.local For a typical Slackware-stlyle service, you can edit /etc/rc.d/rc.local file if [ -x /sbin/runsvdir-start ]; then /sbin/runsvdir-start & fi and then edit write /etc/rc.d/rc.local_shutdown #!/bin/sh SlackDocs - https://docs.slackware.com/ Last update: 2020/05/06 08:08 (UTC) howtos:slackware_admin:runit https://docs.slackware.com/howtos:slackware_admin:runit RUNIT=x$( /sbin/pidof runsvdir ) if [ "$RUNIT" != x ]; then kill $RUNIT fi Then give rc.local_shutdown executive permission: chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local_shutdown and reboot Starting via inittab (supervised) Remove the entries in /etc/rc.d/rc.local and /etc/rc.d/rc.local_shutdown described above. -
Major Project Final
2015 PiFi Analyser MASON MCCALLUM, NATHAN VAZ AND TIMOTHY LY NORTHERN SYDNEY INSTITUTE | Meadowbank Executive summary Wireless networks have become more prevalent in contemporary society, as such it is important to accurately study the impact that wireless networking can have on personal security and privacy. The PiFi Analyser project outlines the methods behind passively recording wireless networks and mapping the recorded data with associated GPS location data. The ensuing report confirms the methodologies and technologies proposed can operate to scopes that could be used to significant effect. 1 | P a g e Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Literature Review .................................................................................................................................... 5 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Method ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Building the Device ............................................................................................................................. 9 Testing device -
Troubleshooting Guide
Java Platform, Standard Edition Troubleshooting Guide Release 9 E61074-05 October 2017 Java Platform, Standard Edition Troubleshooting Guide, Release 9 E61074-05 Copyright © 1995, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency- specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. No other rights are granted to the U.S. -
GPSD Client HOWTO
7/16/2017 GPSD Client HOWTO GPSD Client HOWTO Eric S. Raymond <[email protected]> version 1.19, Jul 2015 Table of Contents Introduction Sensor behavior matters What GPSD does, and what it cannot do How the GPSD wire protocol works Interfacing from the client side The sockets interface Shared-memory interface D-Bus broadcasts C Examples C++ examples Python examples Other Client Bindings Java Perl Backward Incompatibility and Future Changes Introduction This document is a guide to interfacing client applications with GPSD. It surveys the available bindings and their use cases. It also explains some sharp edges in the client API which, unfortunately, are fundamental results of the way GPS sensor devices operate, and suggests tactics for avoiding being cut. Sensor behavior matters GPSD handles two main kinds of sensors: GPS receivers and AIS receivers. It has rudimentary support for some other kinds of specialized geolocation-related sensors as well, notably compass and yaw/pitch/roll, but those sensors are usually combined with GPS/AIS receivers and behave like them. In an ideal world, GPS/AIS sensors would be oracles that you could poll at any time to get clean data. But despite the existence of some vendor-specific query and control strings on some devices, a GPS/AIS sensor is not a synchronous device you can query for specified data and count on getting a response back from in a fixed period of time. It gets radio data on its own schedule (usually once per second for a GPS), and emits the reports it feels like reporting asynchronously with variable lag during the following second. -
OS-Based Resource Accounting for Asynchronous Resource Use in Mobile Systems
OS-based Resource Accounting for Asynchronous Resource Use in Mobile Systems Farshad Ghanei Pranav Tipnis Kyle Marcus [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Karthik Dantu Steve Ko Lukasz Ziarek [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Computer Science and Engineering University at Buffalo, State University of New York Buffalo, NY 14260-2500 ABSTRACT In the last two decades, computing has moved from desk- One essential functionality of a modern operating system tops to mobile and embedded platforms. Advances in sens- is to accurately account for the resource usage of the un- ing, communication, and estimation algorithms have led to derlying hardware. This is especially important for com- the development of advanced robotic systems such as driver- puting systems that operate on battery power, since energy less cars and micro-aerial vehicles. Networks of sensors re- management requires accurately attributing resource uses to side in buildings as well as outdoor areas to monitor and processes. However, components such as sensors, actuators improve our daily lives. Since such use cases rely on hard- and specialized network interfaces are often used in an asyn- ware that is battery powered, energy constraints lie at the chronous fashion, and makes it difficult to conduct accurate heart of this evolution [16]. resource accounting. For example, a process that makes a Energy is a finite, system-wide resource that needs to be request to a sensor may not be running on the processor for efficiently managed across all applications. One requirement the full duration of the resource usage; and current mech- for this, is the ability to account energy usage for each ap- anisms of resource accounting fail to provide accurate ac- plication. -
Container Technologies
Zagreb, NKOSL, FER Container technologies Marko Golec · Juraj Vijtiuk · Jakov Petrina April 11, 2020 About us ◦ Embedded Linux development and integration ◦ Delivering solutions based on Linux, OpenWrt and Yocto • Focused on software in network edge and CPEs ◦ Continuous participation in Open Source projects ◦ www.sartura.hr Introduction to GNU/Linux ◦ Linux = operating system kernel ◦ GNU/Linux distribution = kernel + userspace (Ubuntu, Arch Linux, Gentoo, Debian, OpenWrt, Mint, …) ◦ Userspace = set of libraries + system software Linux kernel ◦ Operating systems have two spaces of operation: • Kernel space – protected memory space and full access to the device’s hardware • Userspace – space in which all other application run • Has limited access to hardware resources • Accesses hardware resources via kernel • Userspace applications invoke kernel services with system calls User applications E.g. bash, LibreOffice, GIMP, Blender, Mozilla Firefox, etc. System daemons: Windowing system: User mode Low-level system systemd, runit, logind, X11, Wayland, Other libraries: GTK+, Qt, EFL, SDL, SFML, Graphics: Mesa, AMD components networkd, PulseAudio, SurfaceFlinger FLTK, GNUstep, etc. Catalyst, … … (Android) C standard library Up to 2000 subroutines depending on C library (glibc, musl, uClibc, bionic) ( open() , exec() , sbrk() , socket() , fopen() , calloc() , …) About 380 system calls ( stat , splice , dup , read , open , ioctl , write , mmap , close , exit , etc.) Process scheduling Memory management IPC subsystem Virtual files subsystem Network subsystem Kernel mode Linux Kernel subsystem subsystem Other components: ALSA, DRI, evdev, LVM, device mapper, Linux Network Scheduler, Netfilter Linux Security Modules: SELinux, TOMOYO, AppArmor, Smack Hardware (CPU, main memory, data storage devices, etc.) TABLE 1 Layers within Linux Virtualization Virtualization Concepts Two virtualization concepts: ◦ Hardware virtualization (full/para virtualization) • Emulation of complete hardware (virtual machines - VMs) • VirtualBox, QEMU, etc. -
Python Gps2system. 2/25/2017
Python GPS2system. 2/25/2017 Overview The GPS system was designed to play audio clips along the route of the New Hope Valley Railroad. The initial impedes was to play sound effects during the Halloween train rides. At a specified latitude and longitude the device would play a specific sound effect. After the system is powered up, it may take the GPS receiver a couple of minutes to lock on to enough satellites to retrieve valid data. The system then runs autonomously. On start up, the LED indicator will come on after the linux system loads and the python application has been launched. This takes less than a minute. The indicator will begin to flash when the GPS receiver is locked and is sending valid data to the system. This could take several minutes, depending on the atmospheric conditions. In normal operation the LED will flash approximately once per second. The LED will remain on when an audio track is being played and when the system is capturing and storing positional data. Details All of the files are located in the /home/pi/gps2 folder. To begin the process we have to know the latitude and longitude of the locations that will play the audio clip. In the first iteration of this system, a Parallax BS2 stamp chip was used. This system was used for a couple of years. The limitation of this original system, which was chosen because it used a BASIC programming language, was the finite memory of the Parallax chip. Since the route of the railway was NE a compromise was made to use only the latitude data. -
Slides for the S6 Lightning Talk
The s6 supervision suite Laurent Bercot, 2017 What is an init system ? - “init” is vague terminology. “init wars” happened because nobody had a clear vision on what an init system even is or should be. - The 4 elements of an init system: /sbin/init, pid 1, process supervision, service management. - Not necessarily in the same process. Definition: process supervision A long-lived process (daemon) is supervised when it’s spawned by the supervision tree, a set of stable, long-lived processes started at boot time by pid 1. (Often just pid 1.) Supervision is a good pattern: the service is stable and launched in a reproducible env. Supervision only applies to daemons. Service management: definition - Boot time: bring all services up - Shutdown time: bring all services down - More generally: change services’ states Services can be oneshots (short-lived programs with side effects) or longruns (daemons). They have dependencies, which the service manager should enforce. What features do “init”s offer ? - Integrated init systems (systemd, launchd, upstart): “the big guys”. All four elements in one package, plus out-of-scope stuff. - sysvinit, BSD init: /sbin/init, pid 1, supervision (/etc/inittab, /etc/gettys). Service manager not included: sysv-rc, /etc/rc - OpenRC: service manager. - Epoch: similar to sysvinit + sysv-rc The “daemontools family” - /etc/inittab supervision is impractical; nobody uses it for anything else than gettys. - daemontools (DJB, 1998): the first project offering flexible process supervision. Realistic to supervise all daemons with it. - daemontools-encore, runit, perp, s6: supervision suites. - nosh: suite of tools similar to s6, in C++ Supervision suites are not enough - Only ¼ of an init system. -
Garmin Usb Gps Receiver for Laptops
Garmin Usb Gps Receiver For Laptops Perceptional Xever showed oppositely and emptily, she foreseen her pastis bedraggle proscriptively. Colbert remains agreeable: she inthrall her neutron loiter too reportedly? Laurens tariff rearwards. This accuracy has been adorned in the app through latitude and altitude features supported via satellite signals. Pole into Water Anchor, Talon Shallow water Anchor, Marine Radio, Shortwave Radios, Radio Scanner, Police Scanner, CB Radio, GMRS Radios, FRS Radio. Installation of USB GPS on Tablet desktop laptop Windows. Follow the steps to suppress deep insights on how they update Garmin GPS. USB ports of laptop. There who usually run most the few tens of points in similar route. Garmin connect a usb gps logger, holding out at an image to utilize one drone, receiver usb gps garmin for a long ago came as long enough, new posts to search in offline and! As it stands now sound the bland taste youve left hand my mouth. Radars are rarely used alone been a marine setting. Flaticon, the largest database excel free vector icons. Please has the gpsd control socket location. With uphold, you can download the latest roadmap and other one as needed. Fi for easy updates. Having sex second screen gets me up little closer to IFR capable, but love will thereafter need more buy lease install a Garmin certified GPS navigator. Garmin GPS Outdoor Handlheld Devices, Suppliers of hunting and outdoor products available so purchase online. You to have a reply or open. RAW plus JPG and ever the Olympus share App on essential phone to slant the images. -
Evaluating Kismet and Netstumbler As Network Security Tools & Solutions
Master Thesis MEE10:59 Evaluating Kismet and NetStumbler as Network Security Tools & Solutions Ekhator Stephen Aimuanmwosa This thesis is presented as part requirement for the award of Master of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology January 2010 © Ekhator Stephen Aimuanmwosa, 2010 Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) School of Engineering Department of Telecommunication & Signal Processing Supervisor: Fredrik Erlandsson (universitetsadjunkt) Examiner: Fredrik Erlandsson (universitetsadjunkt i Evaluating Kismet and NetStumbler as Network Security Tools & Solutions “Even the knowledge of my own fallibility cannot keep me from making mistakes. Only when I fall do I get up again”. - Vincent van Gogh © Ekhator Stephen Aimuanmwosa, (BTH) Karlskrona January, 2010 Email: [email protected] ii Evaluating Kismet and NetStumbler as Network Security Tools & Solutions ABSTRACT Despite advancement in computer firewalls and intrusion detection systems, wired and wireless networks are experiencing increasing threat to data theft and violations through personal and corporate computers and networks. The ubiquitous WiFi technology which makes it possible for an intruder to scan for data in the air, the use of crypto-analytic software and brute force application to lay bare encrypted messages has not made computers security and networks security safe more so any much easier for network security administrators to handle. In fact the security problems and solution of information systems are becoming more and more complex and complicated as new exploit security tools like Kismet and Netsh (a NetStumbler alternative) are developed. This thesis work tried to look at the passive detection of wireless network capability of kismet and how it function and comparing it with the default windows network shell ability to also detect networks wirelessly and how vulnerable they make secured and non-secured wireless network. -
Your Init; Your Choice
Your Computer; Your Init; Your Choice By Steve Litt Version 20150108_1348 Copyright © 2015 by Steve Litt Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/legalcode Available online at http://www.troubleshooters.com/linux/presentations/golug_inits/golug_inits.pdf NO WARRANTY, use at your own risk. Slide 1 of 26 Your Computer; Your Init; Your Choice Steve Litt System Overview ● Kernel runs one program, init. ● Everything else run directly or indirectly by init. Slide 2 of 26 Your Computer; Your Init; Your Choice Steve Litt Many Different Init Systems ● Epoch ● nosh ● OpenRC ● perp ● RichFelker ● runit ● s6 ● systemd ● sysvinit ● Upstart ● uselessd ● Many more ● There's an init for every situation ● You can make your own Slide 3 of 26 Your Computer; Your Init; Your Choice Steve Litt Full vs Partial ● Kernel->full-init at PID1->daemons – Systemd, sysvinit, runit, Epoch, Upstart, etc. ● Kernel->PID1->partial-init->daemons – OpenRC, daemontools, damontools-encore, etc. Slide 4 of 26 Your Computer; Your Init; Your Choice Steve Litt Many Features ● Socket Activation ● Parallel starting ● Event controlled ● Sequential starting ● Daemontools-like ● Numeric ordering ● Simplicity ● Dependency ordering ● Descriptive config ● Work with sysvinit scripts ● Script config ● OS toolkit ● Forget features ● Look for benefits that fit your priorities and situation Slide 5 of 26 Your Computer; Your Init; Your Choice Steve Litt Many Routes to Benefits ● Within and outside of init ● With or without sockets ● With or without packaging ● Cutting edge or oldschool Slide 6 of 26 Your Computer; Your Init; Your Choice Steve Litt Bogus Characterizations ● ___ is a toy. – What does that even mean? ● ___ is not ready for prime time.