Oliverian Domes, Related Plutonic Rocks, and Mantling Ammonoosu;C Volcanics of the Bronson Hill Anticlinorium, New England Appalachians
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Oliverian Domes, Related Plutonic Rocks, and Mantling AmmonoosU;c Volcanics of the Bronson Hill Anticlinorium, New England Appalachians U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1516 Oliverian Domes, Related Plutonic Rocks, and Mantling Ammonoosuc Volcanics of the Bronson Hill Anticlinorium, New England Appalachians By GERHARD W. LEO U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1516 Major- and trace-element geochemistry of the Oliverian Plutonic Suite (Middle Ordovician to Early Silurian?), associated volcanogenic gneisses, and mantling but chemically distinct Ammonoosuc Volcanics and related trondhjemite is interpreted to indicate a transitional oceanic-continental volcanic arc in west-central New England UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1991 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Leo, Gerhard W. Oliverian domes, related plutonic rocks, and mantling Ammonoosuc Volcanics of the Bronson Hill Anticlinorium, New England Appalachians I by Gerhard W. Leo p. em. - (U.S. Geological Survey professional paper; 1516) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.19:1516 1. Intrusions (Geology)-New England Region. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic-Ordovician. 3. Geology, Stratigraphic-Silurian. 4. Geology-New England Region. I. Title. II. Series. QE611.5.N49L46 1991 551. 7'3'0974-dc20 90-4951 CIP For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Page Abstract ........................................................................... 1 Oliverian Plutonic Suite and Other Rocks in Cores of Introduction....................................................................... 1 Domes -Continued Acknowledgments........................................................... 3 Descriptions of Individual Domes and Plutons-Continued Regional Relationships . 3 Southern New Hampshire and Northern Massachu Ordovician Formations . .. .. .. .. .. 3 setts Plutons-Continued Dead River Formation (Former Albee Formation) . 3 Mascoma Dome and Pluton................................ 43 Orfordville Formation (Abandoned) . 4 Holts Ledge Volcanic Sequence.................... 43' Partridge Formation . 4 "Stratified Core Gneiss".............................. 46 ~ Quimby Formation.................................................. 5 Lebanon Dome and Pluton .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 46 Silurian Formations . 5 Croydon Dome and Pluton .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 47 Clough Quartzite and Fitch Formation . 5 Unity Dome and Gneiss.................................... 47 Devonian Formations . 5 Alstead Dome and Gneiss.................................. 47 Littleton Formation . 5 Vernon Dome and Pluton.................................. 48 Erving, Gile Mountain, and Waits River Formations.... 5 Warwick Dome and Pauchaug Gneiss .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 48 Ammonoosuc Volcanics and Related Rocks . 5 Monson Gneiss and Swanzey Gneis~ of the Keene Holts Ledge Volcanic Sequence....................................... 12 Dome.......................................................... 49 Ammonoosuc Trondhjemite . 22 Monson Gneiss . 51 Dikes and Sills . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 Swanzey Gneiss............................................... 52 Larger Trondhjemite Masses . 27 Highland croft Plutonic Suite................................................ 52 Contact Relationships of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics . 27 Geochemistry . 52 Isotopic Age(s) of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics and Related Methods...................................................................... 52 Rocks................................................................ 27 Gneisses of the Oliverian Plutonic Suite and Related Oliverian Plutonic Suite and Other Rocks in Cores of Domes . 32 Rocks................................................................ 53 Tectonic Development . 33 Major Elements..................................................... 53 Descriptions of Individual Domes and Plutons . 33 Trace Elements Other Than Rare Earths . 53 Jefferson Dome and Batholith.................................. 33 Rare-Earth Elements .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 58 Berlin Area of New Hampshire.......................... 33 Ammonoosuc Volcanics and Associated Trondhjemite . 61 Gneiss of the Oliverian Plutonic Suite .. .. .. .. .. 33 Major Elements..................................................... 61 Structural Relationship to the Ammonoosuc Trace Elements Other Than Rare Earths . 63 Volcanics......................................... 35 Rare-Earth Elements............................................. 64 Whitefield Area of New Hampshire . 35 Mafic Ammonoosuc Volcanics............................. 65 Owls Head Group of Plutons.................................... 36 Felsic Ammonoosuc Volcanics and Related Sugar Hill Pluton............................................. 36 Rocks................................................... 66 Landaff Pluton . 38 Discussion .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 68 Moody Ledge Plutons....................................... 38 Ammonoosuc Volcanics . 68 Owls Head Dome and Pluton .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 39 Partial Melting Versus Fractional Crystallization............... 70 Metasomatism versus Primary Potassic Ammonoosuc Volcanics . 70 Composition........................................... 41 Oliverian Plutonic Suite . 76 Southern New Hampshire and Northern Massachu- Plate Tectonic Models......................................................... 78 setts Plutons............................................. 41 Conclusions....................................................................... 79 Baker Pond Pluton and Associated Rocks . 41 References Cited . 80 Smarts Mountain Dome and Gneiss..................... 43 Appendix: Descriptions and Locations of Analyzed Samples...... 87 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Geologic setting of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium, emphasizing the Oliverian domes and the Ammonoosuc Volcanics ..... In pocket Ill IV CONTENTS Page FIGURE 1. Schematic correlation diagram showing the stratigraphy and structure of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium, New Hampshire and northern Massachusetts . 4 2. Geologic sketch map of the Berlin area of New Hampshire . 28 3-6. Photographs showing: 3. Trondhjemite associated with Ammonoosuc Volcanics, Berlin area of New Hampshire.......................................... 29 4, 5. Trondhjemite-amphibolite relationships near West Lebanon, N.H., and White River Junction; Vt., and elsewhere in western New Hampshire . 30 6. Oliverian gneiss and Ammonoosuc Volcanics in the Berlin area of New Hampshire .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 7, 8. Geologic sketch maps of: 7. Sugar Hill and Landaff plutons..................................................................................................................... 37 8. Part of the Owls Head dome area . 40 9. Photographs showing contact features in the Owls Head and Lebanon plutons................................................................ 42 10. Geologic sketch map of the Smarts Mountain, Mascoma, Lebanon, and Croydon domes, west-central New Hampshire.......... 44 11. Diagram showing a hypothetical relationship involving the Ammonoosuc Volcanics, the stratified core gneiss of Naylor (1969), and the Oliverian Plutonic Suite in the Smarts Mountain and Mascoma domes .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 12, 13. Photographs showing: 12. Aspects of the Monson Gneiss .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 13. Contact relationships in the Alstead and Keene domes . 50 14-17. Harker diagrams for: 14. Jefferson batholith..................................................................................................................................... 54 15. Owls Head group of plutons......................................................................................................................... 55 16. Smarts Mountain, Mascoma, Lebanon, Croydon, and Warwick plutons .............................................................. 56 17. Monson and Swanzey Gneisses..................................................................................................................... 57 18. Peacock plots for the Smarts Mountain, Mascoma, Lebanon, Croydon, and Warwick plutons and for the Owls Head group of plutons . 58 19-22. Q-Ab-Or plots for: 19. Jefferson batholith..................................................................................................................................... 59 20. Owls Head group of plutons......................................................................................................................... 59 21. Smarts Mountain, Mascoma, Lebanon, Croydon, and Warwick plutons............................................................... 60 22. Monson and Swanzey Gneisses . .. .. 61 23. An-Ab-Or plot for all gneissic core rocks except the Unity, Alstead, and Vernon gneisses................................................ 62 24. AFM plot for all gneissic core