Messianic Insights from the Jewish Feast of Hanukkah

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Messianic Insights from the Jewish Feast of Hanukkah thethe australianaustralian shofarshofar A Quarterly Newsletter from The Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry (Australia) Inc | December 2017 | Volume 11 | Issue 2 Messianic Insights from the Jewish Feast of Hanukkah Part One: “Come See I. The Sole Scripture mentioning The king being thereto disposed beforehand, Hanukkah complied with them, and came upon the Jews with a great army, and took their city by Messiah, ‘The Light’ of the Amazingly, the only mention of Hanukkah force, and slew a great multitude of those that brit - ברית חדשה) is in the New Testament favored Ptolemy, and sent out his soldiers to World”! hadashah/New Covenant)! It occurred in plunder them without mercy. He also spoiled John’s Gospel: Dr. Deane J. Woods the temple, and put a stop to the constant “Now it was the Feast of Dedication in practice of offering a daily sacrifice of expiation Jerusalem, and it was winter. And Jesus for three years and six months. (Jewish Wars, Dr. Deane J. Woods walked in the Temple, in Solomon’s Porch.” FOI-A Ministry ad loc.). (John 10:22-23) Representative, When the Second Temple in Jerusalem was NSW & At Large. As we shall observe in carefully studying this looted and services stopped, Judaism was passage of Scripture, and noting its Judaic outlawed. In 167 BC, Antiochus ordered Prologue: As Christians celebrate Christmas historical context, Jesus wanted His Jewish an altar to Zeus erected in the Temple. He (traditionally at the end of December), Jewish protagonists to understand a fundamental banned brit milah (circumcision) and ordered communities around the world share in truth about Himself: He is God and Messiah! pigs to be sacrificed at the altar of the temple. (Jn. 10:30; see also 20:30-31). the Festival of Hanukkah over eight days, Antiochus’s actions provoked a large-scale beginning on 25th Kislev. This is the year 5778 II. The Story behind Hanukkah revolt. Mattathias, a Jewish priest, and his five for Jewish participants and their celebrations A. Hanukkah sheds light on “the Jews’ sons Jochanan, Simeon, Eleazar, Jonathan, correspond to the evening of 12th - 20th Dedication”. The Festival of Hanukkah is an December 2017 on the Gregorian calendar. annual Jewish holiday commemorating the This current edition of The Australian Shofar rededication of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem The Dreidel: a investigates what the Jewish celebrations at the time of the Maccabean Revolt (168 – 4-sided spinning of Hanukkah involve and why. The study 165 BC) against the Seleucid Empire. What top. follows is basically sourced from Wikipedia, The Hebrew shows the inter-relatedness of this “Feast of http/ “Hanukkah”, ad loc., with emphases anacronym Dedication” (otherwise designated the “Festival added. In effect, the historical record translates as: of Lights”), in regard to Jesus who claimed “A great miracle underscores what has been legitimately happened there” two arresting facts. First, He avowed that He called “Jewish Dedication”! is “the Light of the World” (Jn. 8:12). Secondly, that He and His Father (God) are “one” (Jn. Judea was part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of and Judah led a rebellion against Antiochus. 10:30). The implication is clear: He is the Egypt until 200 BC when King Antiochus III It started with Mattathias killing first, a Jew the Great of Syria defeated King Ptolemy V Messiah as promised in the Jewish Scriptures! who wanted to comply with Antiochus’s order Epiphanes of Egypt at the Battle of Panium. to sacrifice to Zeus, and then a Greek official A novel approach has been adopted in Judea then became part of the Seleucid who was to enforce the government’s behest this present edition. Two full time Ministry Empire of Syria. King Antiochus III the Great (1 Mac. 2, 24-25). Judah became known as Representatives of The Friends of Israel wanting to conciliate his new Jewish subjects Yehuda HaMakabi (“Judah the Hammer”). By Gospel Ministry have authored inter-related guaranteed their right to “live according to 166 BC Mattathias had died, and Judah took articles on this informative Festival of their ancestral customs” and to continue his place as leader. By 165 BC the Jewish Hanukkah. Part One by Deane Woods deals to practice their religion in the Temple of revolt against the Seleucid monarchy was with Messianic overtones in Scripture and Jerusalem. However, in 175 BC, Antiochus successful. The Temple was liberated and invites Jews and Gentiles to “Come See IV “Epiphanes”, the son of Antiochus III, rededicated. The festival of Hanukkah Messiah - ‘The Light’ of the World”! Part Two is invaded Judea, at the request of the sons of was instituted to celebrate this event. Judah written by Kevin Vigus and outlines Messianic Tobias. The Tobiads, who led the Hellenizing ordered the Temple to be cleansed, a new Themes in Music and Songs of Hanukkah. In Jewish faction in Jerusalem, were expelled altar to be built in place of the polluted one to Syria around 170 BC when the high priest short, he shows that the Messiah of Hanukkah and new holy vessels to be made. According Onias and his pro-Egyptian faction wrested to the Talmud, unadulterated and undefiled is the “Rock of Ages”! control from them. The exiled Tobiads lobbied pure olive oil with the seal of the Cohen Gadol Hanukkah: “Come See Messiah, ‘The Antiochus IV “Epiphanes” to recapture (High Priest) was needed for the menorah Light’ of the World”! Jerusalem. As Flavius Josephus wrote: in the Temple, which was required to burn We wish all our Jewish friends a Happy & Holy Hanukkah! (Feast of Dedication). the australian shofar the australian shofar His miracles attested to something greater the Madman! – and they were not going to let festivities again this year, but the question imagination of pop-culture. Hanukkah song- throughout the night every night. The story than a demon possessed man (vss. 20-21) Him get away with such blasphemy. The next still remains: Have you really seen “The sensations include Light One Candle (by goes that one flask was found with only verses reads: Light” of the God of Abraham, Isaac and KEVIN VIGUS Peter of Peter, Paul & Mary fame ...) which is enough oil to burn for one day, yet it The Jewish Tenach (the “Old Testament” for FOI-A Ministry 31 Jacob’s Messiah, Jesus? Perhaps your burned for eight days, the time needed Christians) spoke much of a Coming One who Then the Jews took up stones again to Representative, WA. still sung in synagogues and schools across 32 music preference is still that of Maoz Tzur (as to prepare a fresh supply of kosher oil would be a “True” Shepherd and a “Good stone Him. Jesus answered them, “Many America. It picks up the theme of light in a Kevin’s next article will mention) and not be for the menorah. An eight-day festival Shepherd”. To cite just two instances, the good works I have shown you from My Father. world of darkness. Michelle Citrin’s “Pass the that of the Country & Western genre. It seems was declared by the Jewish sages to prophets Ezekiel and Zechariah revealed that For which of those works do you stone Me?” Candle from Left to Right” had over 65,000 33 to this writer, however, that Hank Williams old Part Two: commemorate this miracle. God would send His Messianic Shepherd to The Jews answered Him, saying, “For a hits on Youtube. The Maccabeats (a group of His people to save them (Ezek. 34, especially good work we do not stone You, but for gospel song fittingly concludes our first study New York Yeshiva students) have done many The version of the story in 1 Maccabees states Hanukkah Music verses 11 and 22 and Zec. 9-12). Religious blasphemy, and because You, being of Hanukkah. Williams’ song challenges us, as parodies of popular songs, rewriting the lyrics that an eight-day celebration of songs and 34 Jews of Jesus’ day would have been well au a Man, make Yourself God.” Jesus he testified: and Messiah to tell the historical story of Hanukkah as well sacrifices was proclaimed upon re-dedication fait with these prophecies, yet they were blind answered them, “Is it not written in your law, ‘I I wandered so aimless life filled with sin - The “Rock of Ages”! as passing on via video the traditions and of the altar. said, “You are gods!” 35If He called them gods, to the fact that in Jesus, the prophetic words I wouldn’t let my dear Savior in; Kevin Vigus sights and sounds that make up Hanukkah to whom the word of God came (and the of their forefathers were being realized in the Then Jesus came like a stranger in the night Music is at the heart of all good Hanukkah commemoration. It has become a tradition for Scripture cannot be broken), 36 do you say of One now confronting them. He was their Praise the lord I saw the light! celebrations! It is an integral part of the them to write a new parody each year! Him whom the Father sanctified and sent into promised Messiah! occasion, communicating both lyric and the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I Chorus: I saw the light I saw the light Then there is Jewish comedian Adam But the scriptural record rises to an even emotion through song. So, what can we learn said, ‘I am the Son of God’? 37 If I do not do No more darkness no more night Sandler’s famous “Hanukkah Song”. It finds greater crescendo as to His messianic claims. from the songs of Hanukkah? I particularly the works of My Father, do not believe Me; Now I’m so happy no sorrow in sight more words that rhyme with Hanukkah than Dramatically, the next section of John 10 want to look at the most significant song of 38 but if I do, though you do not believe Me, Praise the Lord I saw the light! the English language should allow (!) while opens with the telling words of Hannukah: Hanukkah.
Recommended publications
  • Honigmanonigman - 9780520275584.Indd9780520275584.Indd 1 228/06/148/06/14 2:382:38 PMPM 2 General Introduction
    General Introduction SUMMARY Th e fi rst and second books of Maccabees narrate events that occurred in Judea from the 170s through the 150s and eventually led to the rise of the Hasmonean dynasty: the toppling of the last high priest of the Oniad dynasty, the transforma- tion of Jerusalem into a Greek polis, Antiochos IV’s storming of Jerusalem, his desecration of the temple and his so-called persecution of the Jews, the liberation of the city and rededication of the temple altar by Judas Maccabee, the foundation of the commemorative festival of Hanukkah, and the subsequent wars against Seleukid troops. 1 Maccabees covers the deeds of Mattathias, the ancestor of the Maccabean/Hasmonean family, and his three sons, Judas, Jonathan, and Simon, taking its story down to the establishment of the dynastic transmission of power within the Hasmonean family when John, Simon’s son, succeeded his father; whereas 2 Maccabees, which starts from Heliodoros’s visit to Jerusalem under the high priest Onias III, focuses on Judas and the temple rededication, further dis- playing a pointed interest in the role of martyrs alongside that of Judas. Because of this diff erence in chronological scope and emphasis, it is usually considered that 1 Maccabees is a dynastic chronicle written by a court historian, whereas 2 Macca- bees is the work of a pious author whose attitude toward the Hasmoneans has been diversely appreciated—from mild support, through indiff erence, to hostility. Moreover, the place of redaction of 2 Maccabees, either Jerusalem or Alexandria, is debated. Both because of its comparatively fl amboyant style and the author’s alleged primarily religious concerns, 2 Maccabees is held as an unreliable source of evidence about the causes of the Judean revolt.
    [Show full text]
  • Print Friendly Version
    TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 The Holiday of Hanukkah 5 Judaism and the Jewish Diaspora 8 Ashkenazi Jews and Yiddish 9 Latkes! 10 Pickles! 11 Body Mapping 12 Becoming the Light 13 The Nigun 14 Reflections with Playwright Shari Aronson 15 Interview with Author Eric Kimmel 17 Glossary 18 Bibliography Using the Guide Welcome, Teachers! This guide is intended as a supplement to the Scoundrel and Scamp’s production of Hershel & The Hanukkah Goblins. Please note that words bolded in the guide are vocabulary that are listed and defined at the end of the guide. 2 Hershel and the Hanukkah Goblins Teachers Guide | The Scoundrel & Scamp Theatre The Holiday of Hanukkah Introduction to Hanukkah Questions: In Hebrew, the word Hanukkah means inauguration, dedication, 1. What comes to your mind first or consecration. It is a less important Jewish holiday than others, when you think about Hanukkah? but has become popular over the years because of its proximity to Christmas which has influenced some aspects of the holiday. 2. Have you ever participated in a Hanukkah tells the story of a military victory and the miracle that Hanukkah celebration? What do happened more than 2,000 years ago in the province of Judea, you remember the most about it? now known as Palestine. At that time, Jews were forced to give up the study of the Torah, their holy book, under the threat of death 3. It is traditional on Hanukkah to as their synagogues were taken over and destroyed. A group of eat cheese and foods fried in oil. fighters resisted and defeated this army, cleaned and took back Do you eat cheese or fried foods? their synagogue, and re-lit the menorah (a ceremonial lamp) with If so, what are your favorite kinds? oil that should have only lasted for one night but that lasted for eight nights instead.
    [Show full text]
  • Tbd Hanukah Songs and Blessings
    TBD HANUKAH SONGS AND BLESSINGS CANDLE LIGHTING BLESSINGS Before lighting the candles, say these two blessings. On the first night only, say the third blessing as well. (Remember to place the candles in the menorah from right to left, but always light the new candle first – therefore, you light them from left to right.) Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu, melech ha-olam Blessed are you, Lord, our God, king of the universe asher keedishanu b'meetzvotav v'tzeevanu who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us l’had’leek nair shel Chanukkah to light the candles of Chanukkah Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu, melech ha-olam Blessed are you, Lord, our God, king of the universe she-asah neeseem la-avotaynu ba-yameem ha-heim ba-z'man ha- zeh who performed miracles for our ancestors in those days at this time Only on the first night: Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu, melech ha-olam Blessed are you, Lord, our God, king of the universe she-hecheeyanu v'keey'manu v'heegeeyanu la-z'man ha-zeh who has kept us alive, sustained us, and enabled us to reach this season 1. Rock of Ages (Maoz Tzur) Traditional Rock of Ages let our song praise Your saving power You amidst the raging foes were our Sheltering Tower Furious they assailed us but Your arm availed us And Your word broke their sword when our own strength failed us) x2 Children of the Maccabees, whether free or fettered, Wake the echoes of the songs where you may be scattered. Yours the message cheering, that the time is nearing Which will see all people free, tyrants disappearing.) x2 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Hanukkah Dreidel Game
    Lesson Ideas Social Studies and Art K/1/2/3 Hanukkah Dreidel Game This lesson uses the Jewish dreidel – a four-sided spinning top with a symbol on each side – to explore ideas and emotional responses related to gambling. Dreidel is a game typically played during Hanukkah, a Jewish eight-day “festival of lights” that usually takes place during the month of December. During Hanukkah there is a nightly lighting of a menorah, special foods are eaten, special prayers and blessings are recited, and many games are played in celebration of the holiday. This lesson exposes students to a cultural celebration that they may not yet be familiar with, offers students a chance to express themselves through art, and provides them with the opportunity to self-reflect and better identify and understand their reactions to gambling situations. To begin, all players put one unit of currency into The Game a pot. In a clockwise direction, players take turns spinning the dreidel. If the dreidel lands on: The word “dreidel” means “to turn around” in Yiddish. The four symbols on the dreidel represent the phrase Nun Nothing happens. Nun represents the Nes gadol haya sham, which translates to “A great word “zero.” The next player spins the dreidel. miracle occurred there.” (Note: Dreidels used in Israel have a different last letter that translates into “A great Gimmel The player takes all the winnings in miracle occurred here.”) the pot! Once the currency in the pot has The game is typically played with one dreidel and been taken by the Gimmel spinner, all players some coins, nuts, or other small pieces of currency.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Activies Camp
    Camp JRF FamilyHanukkah Activies Crazy Dreidels A dreidel for each night! What could be better? Test your dreidel spinning skills using dreidels made from all kinds of stuff, from 8 food to paper to recycled materials. Milk carton CD Paper Dreidel Dreidel Dreidel Nesting Candy Chain Dreidel Dreidel Egg Carton Cardboard Howie Bee Dreidel and Pencil Dreidel Dreidel Bonus! Dreidel Surprise Cookies CampJRF.org © Camp JRF How to Play What You’ll Need “Gambling pieces” (plastic chips, pennies, small candies, buttons, peanuts in the shell, etc. may be used) for each player A dreidel for the group. How to Play Distribute an equal number of gambling pieces to each player. Begin play by having each of the players ante up one or two pieces into a common pot. Take turns spinning the dreidel and taking the actions determined by the letter you spin: p Nun: The player takes nothing. b Gimel: The player takes all. d Hey: The player takes half. y Shin: The player puts in. The winner is the person who collects all the gambling pieces. CampJRF.org © Camp JRF Oil VeyScience experiments with oil Separate it: Add water to a clear container (with a lid) and food coloring to the water. Pour in some oil (any oil will work but try to use olive oil in 1 honor of Hanukkah). The oil may go to the bottom, but after a minute or so it will rise to the top. Turn the container upside down to see what happens. Emulsify it: Shake the container of oil and water vigorously.
    [Show full text]
  • Chanukah Activity Pack 2020
    TTHHEE GGRREEAATT SSYYNNAAGGOOGGUUEE CCHHAANNUUKKAAHH ActivityActivity PackPack 22002200 -- 55778811 T H E S T O R Y O F C H A N U K A H A long, long time ago in the land of Israel, the most special place for the Jewish people was the Temple in Jerusalem. The Temple contained many beautiful objects, including a tall, golden menorah. Unlike menorahs of today, this one had seven (rather than nine) branches. Instead of being lit by candles or light bulbs, this menorah burned oil. Every evening, oil would be poured into the cups that sat on top of the menorah. The Temple would be filled with shimmering light. At the time of the Hanukkah story, a mean king named Antiochus ruled over the land of Israel. “I don’t like these Jewish people,” declared Antiochus. “They are so different from me. I don’t celebrate Shabbat or read from the Torah, so why should they?” Antiochus made many new, cruel rules. “No more celebrating Shabbat! No more going to the Temple, and no more Torah!” shouted Antiochus. He told his guards to go into the Temple and make a mess. They brought mud, stones, and garbage into the Temple. They broke furniture and knocked things down; they smashed the jars of oil that were used to light the menorah. Antiochus and his soldiers made the Jews feel sad and angry. A Jewish man named Judah Maccabee said, “We must stop Antiochus! We must think of ways to make him leave the land of Israel.” At first, Judah’s followers, called the Maccabees, were afraid.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2019
    Page 1 The Scroll December, 2019 December, 2019 Temple Sha’arey Shalom Volume 39, No. 4 Celebrating Over 60 Years of Reform Jewish Commitment Worship/Special Events From the Rabbi... The roots of holidays of lights during the Friday, December 6 darkest days of December, date back to 7th Grade Family Dinner 6:00 pm ancient Israel and the Zoroastrians. Family Shabbat 7:30 pm Zoroastrians celebrated light over the 7th Grade Family Shabbat darkness; good over evil. If we think of many themes involved in literature, plays and films, Birthday Blessings those that wear lighter clothing win. Christmas lights and the Chanukiah with 9 Sunday, December 8 candles in the window are all associated with Rabbi’s Circle Chanukah Brunch 10:00 am dispelling the darkness. We all love celebrating Chanukah; but, there are many Friday, December 13 myths associated with the holiday - here are Erev Shabbat 8:00 pm five. 1. Chanukah is an important Jewish holiday. Thursday, December 19 It’s easy to get the impression that Chanukah is a marquee event of the Jewish year, falling Springfield Community Chanukah Party 6:00 pm as it coincidentally does right around the time at Temple Beth Ahm Yisrael of that other blockbuster December occasion and likewise seeming to revolve around Friday, December 20 presents, parties and recollections of a Erev Shabbat 8:00 pm miracle long ago. The sense of Chanukah’s importance is further stoked by lively decorations, beautiful menorahs, Sunday, December 22 delectable feasts and even, nowadays, kitschy Brotherhood Chanukah Brunch 10:30 am sweaters and tongue-in-cheek competitions.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating Hanukkah
    Celebrating Hanukkah Hanukkah Means Dedication The eight-day festival of Hanukkah is celebrated beginning on the 25 of Kislev, a month on the lunar Hebrew calendar that usually falls between the end of November and the end of December on the solar standard calendar. Hanukkah means “dedication,” and the holiday commemorates the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem after the defeat of the Syrian- Greeks in 165 BC. The Syrian-Greek emperor Antiochus IV tried to force the Greek culture and religion upon the Jewish people under his rule. In 168 BC, he declared that the Temple holy to the Jews would be used for the worship of the god Zeus. Soon after, he completely outlawed Judaism and made its practice punishable by death. Mattathias, the High Priest in the Temple, and his sons refused to give up their religion and led a revolt against the Greeks. Mattathias, his family, and those who joined them were called Maccabees (MAC-ah-bees) because Yahuda, Mattathias’ oldest son, was a powerful warrior nicknamed Ha’Maccabee (Ha-MAC-ah-bee), ancient Hebrew for “the Hammer.” The Miracle of the Oil Although they were outnumbered, the Maccabees defeated the Greeks after several years of fighting and reclaimed the Temple. As they prepared to rededicate their defiled Temple, the Jews found only enough pure oil to light the Eternal Light for one day. The oil miraculously lasted for eight days, allowing time for more oil to be pressed from olives and purified for use. The hanukkiyah (ha-NOO-kee-yuh) is a special menorah used only during Hanukkah.
    [Show full text]
  • Happy Hanukkah to All! Truman Gutman Enjoys Some Hanukkah Warmth
    november 26, 2010 • 19 kislev • volume 86, no. 25 Happy Hanukkah to all! Truman Gutman enjoys some Hanukkah warmth. Win a kosher shopping spree! See page 7B www.facebook.com/jtnews professionalwashington.com @jew_ish or @jewish_dot_com connecting our local Jewish community 2 JTNews . WWW.JTNEWS.NET . FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 2010 Late Fall Family Calendar For complete details about these and other upcoming JFS events and workshops, please visit our website: www.jfsseattle.org FOR ADULTS AGE 60+ FOR PARENTS FOR THE COMMUNITY Endless Opportunities Healthy Relationships & AA Meetings at JFS A community-wide program offered in Teen Dating m Tuesdays at 7:00 p.m. partnership with Temple B’nai Torah & Temple Join us to gain insight and tools on topics of Contact Eve M. Ruff, (206) 861-8782 or De Hirsch Sinai. EO events are open significant interest to parents of teens. [email protected] to the public. m Sunday, December 12 Latkes & Applesauce Seattle Jewish Chorale Presents: 11:00 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. Contact Marjorie Schnyder, (206) 861-3146 Join us at Whole Foods Market, Roosevelt Setting the Mood for Hanukkah or [email protected]. Square and taste the treats of Chanukah m Tuesday, November 30 m Tuesday, November 30 10:00 – 11:30 a.m. PEPS 3:00 – 6:00 p.m. PEPS is now offering a peer support group Contact Emily Harris-Shears, (206) 861-8784 experience for parents of newborns within a or [email protected]. culturally relevant context. Jewish and interfaith parents are invited to join us! Contact Marjorie Schnyder, (206) 861-3146, Shaarei Tikvah: Gates [email protected] or go to of Hope http://www.pepsgroup.org/register-for-peps/jfs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Circulation of Ptolemaic Silver in Seleucid Coele Syria and Phoenicia from Antiochus Iii to the Maccabean Revolt: Monetary Policies and Political Consequences
    ELECTRUM * Vol. 26 (2019): 9–23 doi: 10.4467/20800909EL.19.001.11204 www.ejournals.eu/electrum THE CIRCULatION OF PtoLEMAIC SILVER IN SELEUCID COELE SYRIA AND PHOENICIA FROM ANTIOCHUS III to THE MACCABEAN REVOLT: MonetaRY POLICIES AND POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES Catharine Lorber Abstract: This paper examines the circulation of Ptolemaic silver in the closed monetary zone of Seleucid Coele Syria and Phoenicia. No new silver coinage entered the zone under Antiochus III and Seleucus IV, though hoards were deposited in the Transjordan and eastern Judah in the early years of Antiochus IV. Trade between Phoenicia and Egypt is excluded as an explanatory factor, but the patterns are consistent with Josephus’ account of the dowry of Cleopatra I and Tobiad tax farming. In the 160s BCE fresh Ptolemaic silver began to enter the closed monetary zone, with the earliest finds in Judah, Samaria, and “southern Palestine.” This new influx, like the didrachms “of an uncertain era,” may represent a subsidy from Ptolemy VI to the Maccabees and other dissidents from Seleucid rule. Keywords: closed monetary zone, Ptolemaic silver coinage, dowry, Tobiad, tax farming, Judah, Antiochus III, Antiochus IV, Ptolemy V, Ptolemy VI. When Antiochus III seized Phoenicia and Palestine from Ptolemy V, the region com- prised a closed monetary zone in which Ptolemaic coinage was the sole legal tender. Somewhat surprisingly, Antiochus III maintained the closed monetary zone for precious metal coinage, which in practice meant silver coinage. This curious situation was de- fined by Georges Le Rider in 1995 through the study of coin hoards.1 The hoards reveal that for nearly half a century the only silver coinage circulating in Seleucid Coele Syria and Phoenicia was Ptolemaic.
    [Show full text]
  • Judea/Israel Under the Greek Empires." Israel and Empire: a Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism
    "Judea/Israel under the Greek Empires." Israel and Empire: A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism. Perdue, Leo G., and Warren Carter.Baker, Coleman A., eds. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015. 129–216. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 30 Sep. 2021. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780567669797.ch-005>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 30 September 2021, 15:32 UTC. Copyright © Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker 2015. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. 5 Judea/Israel under the Greek Empires* In 33130 BCE, by military victory, the Macedonian Alexander ended the Persian Empire. He defeated the Persian king Darius at Gaugamela, advanced to a welcoming Babylon, and progressed to Persepolis where he burned Xerxes palace supposedly in retaliation for Persias invasions of Greece some 150 years previously (Diodorus 17.72.1-6). Thus one empire gave way to another by a different name. So began the Greek empires that dominated Judea/Israel for the next two hundred or so years, the focus of this chapter. Is a postcolonial discussion of these empires possible and what might it highlight? Considerable dif�culties stand in the way. One is the weight of conventional analyses and disciplinary practices which have framed the discourse with emphases on the various roles of the great men, the ruling state, military battles, and Greek settlers, and have paid relatively little regard to the dynamics of imperial power from the perspectives of native inhabitants, the impact on peasants and land, and poverty among non-elites, let alone any reciprocal impact between colonizers and colon- ized.
    [Show full text]
  • The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism. Nancy Perkins East Tennessee State University
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 12-2011 The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism. Nancy Perkins East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Perkins, Nancy, "The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism." (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1397. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1397 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism _____________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Arts in History _____________________ by Nancy Perkins December 2011 _____________________ William D. Burgess Jr., PhD, Chair Keith Green, PhD Henry Antkiewicz, PhD Keywords: Book of Enoch, Judaism, Second Temple ABSTRACT The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism by Nancy Perkins This thesis examines the ancient Jewish text the Book of Enoch, the scholarly work done on the text since its discovery in 1773, and its seminal importance to the study of ancient Jewish history. Primary sources for the thesis project are limited to Flavius Josephus and the works of the Old Testament. Modern scholars provide an abundance of secondary information.
    [Show full text]