MR R HUGHES

KELSTON FARM, GWESPYR, , CH8 9LU

STAGE 1 - PHASE 2 – GROUND CONTAMINATION INVESTIGATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT

REPORT No. E1009.S1.P2.R1

APRIL 2019

Client : MR R HUGHES

Project Title : KELSTON FARM, GWESPYR, FLINTSHIRE, CH8 9LU

Document Title: STAGE 1 - PHASE 2 – GROUND CONTAMINATION INVESTIGATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT

Project No. E1009 Report No. E1009.S1.P2.R1 Date. APRIL 2019

e–geo Solutions Ltd Glasgow House High Street St.Asaph LL17 0RD 01745 828494

Distribution: MR R HUGHES

Version: FINAL

Date: 21/04/19 Huw Littler-Jones Prepared by:

Checked by: E1009.S1.P2.R1 Report Ref:

Signed:

Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

Page

1. Introduction 2

1.1 Background and Terms of Reference 1.2 Report Contents

2. Site Location, Description and Profile 3

2.1 Site Location 2.2 Site Description and Topography 2.3 Site Profile 2.4 Potential Contamination

3. Ground Investigation Works 6

3.1 Introduction and Investigation Strategy 3.2 Scope of Investigation Works 3.3 Strategy for Analysis and Testing

4. Ground Conditions and Geology 11

4.1 Surface Layers and Made Ground 4.2 Geology – Soils 4.3 Geology – Bedrock 4.4 Groundwater 4.5 Contamination Observations

5. Contamination Assessment 12

5.1 General 5.2 Soils Reference Values 5.3 Soils Analysis Assessment

6. Risk Assessment, Discussion and Remediation Requirements 14

6.1 Introduction 6.2 Contamination Source 6.3 Potential Receptors and Sensitivity 6.4 Potential Pathways and Exposure Scenarios 6.5 Preliminary Risk Assessment 6.6 Evaluation of Risk 6.7 Risk Control and Mitigation

Appendices

Appendix 1 - Trial Pit Records Appendix 2 - Chemical Analysis Results

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

1. INTRODUCTION.

1.1 Background and Terms of Reference

1.1.1 In March 2019 e-geo Solutions Ltd were commissioned by Mr R Hughes to undertake a Stage 1 - Phase 2 Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment at a proposed new residential development at Kelston Farm, Gwespyr near Holywell in Flintshire. The objective of the contamination assessment was to determine the nature of ground materials below the site, the status of the site with respect to potential contamination and to quantify the risks any contamination presents to development of the land for residential use.

1.1.2 This report presents the findings of the ground investigation and the analysis of soil samples, detailing the ground conditions encountered and identifying any contamination issues and associated risks which could impact upon the site, its potential development and the wider environment. The scope of the investigation was based on the findings of a previous study at the site by e-geo Solutions Ltd, titled ‘Kelston Farm, Gwespyr,Holywell, Flintshire – Stage 1 – Phase 1 Desk Study and Preliminary Ground Contamination Risk Assessment’ Report Ref E1009.S1.P1.R1 dated 6th June 2018.

1.1.3 The report has been prepared for the sole use of the Client, for the purposes described and no extended duty of care applies to other parties. Any other party using this report for any purpose whatsoever do so at their own risk and any duty of care to that party is specifically excluded.

1.1.4 The comments given, and opinions expressed, in this report are based on the information available at the time the report was compiled, however there may be additional information and data which becomes available at a later date which has an impact on the report content. Where data supplied by others has been used it has been assumed that the information is correct. No responsibility can be accepted by e-geo Solutions Ltd for inaccuracies within the data supplied by others.

1.1.5 The copyright of this report and its contents prepared by e-geo Solutions Ltd is solely owned by e- geo Solutions Ltd. Neither this report nor contents prepared by e-geo Solutions Ltd may be reproduced, published or adapted without the express written approval of e-geo Solutions Ltd.

1.2 Report Contents

1.2.1 The study has been undertaken with reference to guidance in the ‘Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination’ (CLR11) and the BSI Publication ‘Investigation of Potentially Contaminated Sites’ – Code of Practice (BS10175). The report includes sections on:-

 Present site description, profile and setting  A description of the scope of the investigation, sample analysis and its justification  The geological and hydro-geological conditions encountered during the investigation  Chemical analysis results and an assessment of ground contamination  Risk assessment and recommendations for further quantification or actions

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

2. SITE LOCATION, DESCRIPTION AND PROFILE.

2.1 Site Location

2.1.1 Kelston Farm is located on Road between Llanasa and near Prestatyn, Flintshire. The location is shown on Figure 1 and is centred at Grid Reference 310413,382516. The proposed residential development is within the boundary of the former farm and yard and occupies the position of the former farmhouse.

Figure 1 – Site Location

2.2 Site Description and Topography

2.2.1 Access to the Kelston Farm is directly off Llanasa Road between Llanasa and Gronant. The proposed new residential property development is situated at the location of the former farmhouse and its surrounding garden area. The extent of the site for the new property is shown on Figure 2. The ground surface surrounding the farmhouse slopes gently from south to north and follows the topography of the surrounding land. A site plan showing the layout of the current and proposed building is shown as Figure 3 and an aerial photograph as Figure 4.

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

Figure 2 – Development and Planning Application Area

Figure3 – Existing and Proposed New Building Layout

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

Figure 3 – Aerial Photograph of the Site

2.3 Site Profile

2.3.1 A desk based study has been undertaken and full details of the site characteristics, the site history, environmental profile, geological and hydro-geological setting, and potential contamination sources and risks associated with the contamination are presented in a report titled ‘‘Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Holywell, Flintshire – Stage 1 – Phase 1 Desk Study and Preliminary Ground Contamination Risk Assessment’ Report Ref E1009.S1.P1.R1 dated 6th June 2018.

2.3.2 The findings of the study that the land at the site has always been occupied by a farm house and garden area and is currently disused. The proposed use is no different from the historical use and there are no potential sources of contamination on the site. Although the site is in an area of lead mining there is no evidence of mining activities on the site. The nearest is 240m northwest and down gradient of the site.

2.4 Potential Contamination

2.4.1 The identified sources of contamination could result in the following contaminants being present in near surface ground materials across the site.

Source Location Metals Organic Inorganic Others Likelihood chemical chemical Presence Waste rock and Anywhere across Cu,Ni,Zn, Very low spoil from mining the site Pb, activities on surrounding land

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

3. GROUND INVESTIGATION WORKS.

3.1 Introduction and Investigation Strategy

3.1.1 From the initial site assessment and environmental profile of the site a conceptual model was developed which identified that the likelihood of contaminants being present are very low due to the absence of any contamination source on or near the site.

3.1.2 However because the desk based research identified that metal mining activities had been carried out on the land surrounding the site and these activities will have generated mine spoil the Local Authority required an intrusive investigation to be undertaken at the site.

3.2 Scope of Investigation Works

3.2.1 To confirm the contamination status the following intrusive investigation was proposed:

Item Method Purpose and Specification Trial pits BS10175 and BS5930 To obtain samples of ground strata and examine ground profile to depths of 1.5m. Construct 4 trial pits across the site targeted

Ground BS10175 and CLEA Recovery of representative ground samples for analysis. materials and Collection of approximately 8 ground samples. Storage in groundwater appropriate sealable containers (soils) sampling

Chemical MCETS and UKAS Determination of chemical constituents with a focus on metals: analysis accredited laboratory Suite 1 - pH, arsenic, cadmium, chromium (hexavalent and total), boron, selenium, lead, copper, nickel, zinc, mercury, PAH, sulphate, sulphide, sulphur, cyanide, phenol Suite 2 - pH, arsenic, cadmium, chromium (hexavalent and total), boron, selenium, lead, copper, nickel, zinc, mercury Suite 3 – sulphur, sulphate (total and water soluble), Suite 4 – TPH (aliphatic/aromatic split) SOM

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

3.2.2 The rationale behind the trial pit locations was as follows:

Trial Pit No. Depth (m) Purpose Rationale TP1 1.50 To examine ground strata and collect ground Located in the development and garden area samples for analysis TP2 1.50 To examine ground strata and collect ground Located in the development and garden area samples for analysis TP3 1.50 To examine ground strata and collect ground Located in the development and garden area samples for analysis TP4 1.50 To examine ground strata and collect ground Located in the development and garden area samples for analysis

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

3.2.3 On 22nd March 2019 an intrusive investigation was undertaken at the site and comprised 4 No. trial pits to depths of 1.50m, the visual and olfactory examination of the ground strata and the collection of 8 ground samples. All ground investigation works were undertaken in accordance with the following UK legislation and regulatory guidance for the investigation of contaminated land.

 Investigation of Potentially Contaminated Sites – Code of Practice (British Standard 10175:2015)  CLR 11, ‘Model procedures for the management of contaminated land: risk assessment procedures’ DoE 1998  Environment Agency – UK Approach for Evaluating Human Health Risks from Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soils.  Environmental Protection Act 1990, Part llA, as inserted by section 57 of the Environment Act 1995.

3.2.4 The locations of trial pits are indicated on Figure 5. Trial pit records and ground and soil descriptions are presented in Appendix 1.

3.3 Strategy for Analysis and Testing

3.3.1 The strategy for chemical analysis was designed based upon the preliminary conceptual model for the site and observations made during the intrusive investigation. The results of the chemical analysis are presented in Appendix 2.

3.3.2 A total of 8 soil samples were analysed for selected parameters with a focus on metals. The analytical suites included:

Analytical Suite/determinant Samples pH, arsenic, boron, cadmium, chromium TP1-0.20, TP2-0.20, TP3-0.20, (hexavalent and total), lead, copper, nickel, zinc, mercury, selenium, cyanide, thiocyanate, sulphate, sulphide, sulphur, cyanide, phenol pH, arsenic, boron, cadmium, chromium TP1-0.80, TP3-0.70, TP4-0.20 (hexavalent and total), lead, copper, nickel, zinc, mercury, selenium Soluble sulphate TP2-0.70, TP4-0.70,

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

Figure 4 – Trial Pit Location Plan

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

4. GROUND CONDITIONS AND GEOLOGY.

4.1 Surface Layers and Made Ground

4.1.1 The sites surface layer outside the present building comprised topsoil to a depth of 0.15m to 0.20m

4.1.2 Made ground was found in TP4 to 1.0m and comprised gravely clay with cobbles of sandstone and some slate.

4.2 Geology – Soils

4.2.1 The natural ground strata found below the topsoil comprises:

0.2-0.3/0.60 - Soft to firm dark brown gravely silty CLAY 0.3/0.6 to 1.5 - Firm medium brown very gravely silty CLAY with some cobbles

4.3 Geology - Bedrock

4.3.1 Bedrock was not encountered.

4.4 Groundwater

4.4.1 Groundwater inflow was encountered in TP1 at 0.80m and TP4 at 1.00.

4.5 Contamination Observations

4.5.1 During the excavation of trial pits observations were made for both visual and olfactory evidence of contamination. No unusual materials, odours or visual evidence of contamination was noted and there was no evidence of metal mining wastes in any of the trial pits.

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

5. CONTAMINATION ASSESSMENT

5.1 General

5.1.1 The results of the chemical analysis of soils samples are presented in Appendix 2. An assessment of the results of the analysis on samples has been undertaken to determine the presence and extent of any ground contamination. The assessment of contamination undertaken is a ‘Tier 1 Generic Risk Assessment’ which requires the comparison of contaminant concentrations to a set of generic Tier 1 Screening Values (TSV) risk based screening concentrations.

5.1.2 Contaminant concentrations below the TSVs are considered not to warrant further risk assessment. Concentrations of potential contaminants above the TSVs are considered further in relation to distribution and potential pollution linkages. It should be noted that exceeding the TSVs does not necessarily mean there is a risk and the site requires remediation.

5.2 Soils Reference Values

5.2.1 TSVs for soil derived to be protective of human health are defined for standard end use situations in accordance with UK CLR framework. The values chosen are dependant on the site use or proposed development. The proposed use of the site is ‘residential’. The TSVs selected to assess soils in relation to human health over the whole site are therefore ‘residential land use’.

5.2.2 The applicable TSVs for assessment of the analytical results are based on the following guideline criteria:

Ref Guideline Criteria 1 (CLEA 2009) Soil Guideline Values (SGVs) for ‘residential’ end-use.

2 Tier 1 screening criteria for general soil contaminants not addressed by CLEA such as: 2.1 – LQM CIEH Generic Assessment Criteria – 2nd Edition 2009 2.2 - Welsh Assembly Government C4SL

5.3 Soils Analysis Assessment

5.3.1 The results of the screening against guideline criteria values are presented in the tables below. Where values exceed the relevant TSVs they are highlighted in the tables.

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

PROJECT

BH/TP TP1 TP1 TP2 TP2 TP3 TP3 TP4 TP4 SAMPLE DEPTH 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.70 0.20 0.70 0.20 0.70 SAMPLE TYPE SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL DATE SAMPLED 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 Ref: Ref: 1 - SGV 2.1/2.2 Arsenic mg/kg 32 47.3 10.6 9.8 - 8.2 10.4 10.1 - Cadmium mg/kg 10 2.0 1.9 6.4 - 2.2 0.9 13.4 - Chromium (total) mg/kg 130 22.3 56.5 53.6 - 56.1 43.2 54.2 - Chromium (hex) mg/kg 4.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 - <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 -

Lead mg/kg 210 (2.2) 523 485 713 - 858 1018 2707AA - Mercury mg/kg 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 - <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 - Copper mg/kg 2330 72 36 24 - 22 23 37 - Nickel mg/kg 130 63.0 36.9 25.2 - 19.1 31.0 24.8 - Zinc mg/kg 3750 318 223 851 - 337 283 1860 - Selenium mg/kg 3 1 1 - 1 1 1 - Sulphate (2:1) mg/l - - - <0.0015 - - - <0.0015 Boron mg/kg 1.4 1.2 1.3 - 0.8 0.5 1.2 - Phenol mg/kg <0.01 - <0.01 - <0.01 - - - Total cyanide mg/kg <0.5 - <0.5 - <0.5 - - - PAH mg/kg 0.7 - <0.6 - <0.6 - - - pH NA 8.22 7.91 8.09 - 7.80 7.90 8.50 -

Exceeds Guideline Criteria Ref 1 SGV Exceeds Guideline Criteria Ref 2.1/2.2 TSV

5.3.2 Comparison of all analytical results for metals and non-metals using maximum concentrations as a means of assessment with the Tier 1 TSVs for ‘residential’ use, indicates that the near surface ground materials contain slightly elevated concentrations of lead in all of the six samples tested and very slightly elevated concentrations of arsenic and cadmium in one sample respectively.

5.3.3 The concentrations of all other metals and non-metals were below the guideline concentrations or detection limits.

5.3.4 The guideline concentration for lead has been taken as the Welsh Assembly Government C4SL value of 210mg/kg. The lead concentrations above this value range from 485mg/kg to 2707mg/kg. The average lead concentration for the natural clay samples is 631mg/kg.

5.3.5 Very isolated occurrence of very slightly elevated arsenic and cadmium.

5.3.6 The pH values were in the range 7.9 to 8.5 indicating neutral to slightly alkaline conditions.

5.3.7 The most elevated lead concentrations were found in the made ground in TP4.

5.3.8 No elevated concentrations of soluble sulphate were found.

5.3.9 No polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were detected in the samples.

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

6 RISK ASSESSMENT, DISCUSSION AND REMEDIATION REQUIREMENTS.

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 The assessment of risk undertaken follows a ‘Tier 1 Generic Risk Assessment’ approach which follows a source-pathway-target model prior to considering the need for a ‘Tier 2 Pathway Specific Risk Assessment’. The process of risk assessment is an evaluation of the probability of harm, and comprises the identification of sources of contamination (toxic substances), receptors that may be affected by the contamination and pathways for contamination to come into contact with receptors.

6.1.2 For a risk to exist there must be a contamination source at concentrations which potentially could present a risk to human health or controlled waters, a realistic exposure pathway and identified receptors.

6.2 Contamination Source

6.2.1 The results of the site investigation and analysis of ground samples has identified the following:

 Widespread (6 samples from 6) slightly elevated concentrations of lead (range from 485mg/kg to 2707mg/kg compared to SGV of 210mg/kg)  Very isolated single occurrence of very slightly elevated arsenic and cadmium

6.3 Potential Receptors and Sensitivity

6.3.1 The principal receptors during and following site redevelopment for residential use are:

 Humans – Future residents – site to be developed for residential purposes  Humans – Site construction personnel – personnel involved in site construction activities  Humans – Adjacent property occupiers – adjacent residential property to the north  Buildings and Construction materials - site to be developed with a residential building with associated buried services and infrastructure

6.4 Potential Pathways and Exposure Scenarios

6.4.1 The following potential pathways may exist at the site during and following development.

 Human health exposure via Ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact with identified solid contaminants in near surface ground strata  Direct contact with buried services and construction materials

6.5 Preliminary Risk Assessment

6.5.1 In order for any risk to exist, a "Source - Pathway - Receptor" linkage must be established. This linkage requires:

 A source of contamination in the ground which has the potential to cause harm or to cause pollution of controlled waters.  A pathway by or through which a receptor is being exposed to or affected by a contaminant or, could be so exposed or affected by a contaminant.  A receptor that could be harmed by exposure to a contaminant.

6.5.2 The identification of each of these three elements is linked to the identification of the others. A pathway can only be present if it is capable of exposing an identified receptor to an identified contaminant. That particular contaminant should likewise be capable of harming or, in the case of controlled waters, be capable of polluting that particular receptor. If a pollutant source, pathway and receptor are found to be present then there could be a risk to the identified receptor. If there is an absence of any part of the source, pathway or receptor process, there is no risk. E1009.S1.P2.R1 (21/04/19) 14

Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

6.5.3 The results of sampling and analysis indicated slightly elevated concentrations of lead within the shallow soil and made ground at the site. Based on the Source-Pathway-Target model the assessment of risks is as follows:

Solid contaminants impacting human health

6.5.4 Concentrations of lead are slightly elevated across the site (and very isolated slightly elevated arsenic and cadmium). The slightly elevated concentrations occur at shallow depth in both the natural ground found just below the topsoil where there is a possibility of direct contact with humans and site users leading to a risk of ingestion of soil and dust which is the primary pathway. With the redevelopment of the site for residential purposes there is a medium risk to human health

Damage to services and construction materials

5.5.6 At the concentrations of lead, arsenic and cadmium detected there is no risk to potable water supplies in plastic pipes.

6.6 Evaluation of Risk

6.6.1 For a risk to exist there must be a contamination source which potentially could present a risk to human health or controlled waters, a realistic exposure pathway and identified receptors. The findings of the evaluation are presented on the following tables.

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Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

HUMANS - (Future site users) Contaminant Source Pathway Linkage Consequence RISK/Comment Probability Lead, arsenic, cadmium Ingestion Possible Moderate Medium. Widespread occurrences of heavy metal in near surface soils (Dermal contact/ contaminants at shallow depth but concentrations not Inhalation) significantly elevated.

HUMANS - (Construction Personnel) Contaminant Source Pathway Linkage Consequence RISK/Comment Probability Lead, arsenic, cadmium Ingestion Unlikely Moderate Low. Risk can be removed by adopting strict health and in near surface soils (Dermal contact/ safety procedures and wearing full ppe particularly Inhalation) gloves, overalls and masks during ground works. Residual risk Negligible

Descriptor Description Descriptor Description Almost certain Likely to occur on many occasions Catastrophic Death Likely Will probably recur but not persistent Major Permanent harm Possible May recur occasionally Moderate Semi-permanent injury/damage Unlikely Not expected to happen but is possible Minor Short term harm/damage None Will not happen None No injury or adverse outcome

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6.7 Risk Control and Mitigation

6.7.1 Slightly elevated concentrations of heavy metals capable of causing harm to human health were detected within the shallow ground strata across the site.

6.7.2 To remove potential risks the options for risk control include:

 Provision of a barrier layer to prevent direct contact with the heavy metals in the ground.

6.7.3 For the barrier layer the overall objective is to break the exposure pathway with different methods to be used in different areas of the development depending on the final construction. Normal site construction activities will provide the requirement of a barrier layer where buildings and sealed surfaces are present. The thickness and material specification within a particular area will be dependant on the final construction at that location, and should be detailed in a Remediation Strategy.

Footprint of Residential Building Extension – Barrier can be provided by standard floor slab construction of solid concrete floor slab placed on compacted granular formation material (depth dependant upon structural requirements) or suspended floor slab. The concrete construction will provide a solid barrier to all possible exposure and contact with the underlying ground materials following site development.

External Path and Paved Areas – Barrier layer will be provided by final surface covering placed on compacted granular sub-base material and any imported uncontaminated materials. The sealed surface and underlying structural construction materials will provide a solid barrier to all possible exposure and contact with the underlying ground materials when final surfaces have been placed.

Lawn and Garden Areas – An effective barrier layer can be provided by placing a minimum of 600mm of uncontaminated subsoil and topsoil (a depth greater than 2 worked spade depths) within garden areas. This depth of cover will provide a physical barrier to direct contact and exposure to inhalation and ingestion and an adequate thickness for vegetation growth. The barrier layer should comprise a minimum of 200mm of uncontaminated good quality topsoil and 400mm of natural uncontaminated subsoil. A high visibility warning layer should be placed below the subsoil.

6.7.4 All excavated contaminated ground materials will require disposal off site at an appropriately licenced facility. The ground only contains slightly elevated concentrations of lead, arsenic, cadmium and the licenced landfill facility will be responsible for classification and acceptance of the soils. Any soils removed off site should be recorded and documentary evidence of the disposal route retained. Similarly all imported soils should be uncontaminated and from an approved source. Documentary evidence of all imported soils should be retained.

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Appendix 1 - Trial Pit Records

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TRIAL PIT RECORD

Trial Pit No: TP TP 1

Date : 3/22/2016 Site: Kelston Farm, Gronant

Excavator : Mini excavator E1009

Pit size : 0.50x 1.20m Depth : 1.50m Elev (m aOD): STRATA DESCRIPTION SAMPLE RECORD Pit Depth Depth Interval Description Depth Type Depth Number No From (m) To (m) (m) B U D W (m) TP1 0.00 0.15 0.15 Dark brown loamy TOPSOIL

0.15 0.65 0.50 Soft dark brown gravely silty CLAY. D 0.20 Gravel is fine to coarse subangular 0.5 of siltstone. Low cobble content

0.65 1.50 Firm medium brown very gravely sandy D 0.80 silty CLAY. Gravel is fine to coarse 1.0 subangular of siltstone. Medium cobble content

1.5 1.50

Base of pit at 1.50m 2.0

Remarks Sidewalls : Pit sides stable and vertical Groundwater : Water inflow at 0.80m In-situ testing : None Contaminants : None Services : None

e-geo solutions Ltd Oak House, Groes Lwyd, Abergele, LL22 7SU Tel : 01745 828494 Fax : 01745 828493 TRIAL PIT RECORD

Trial Pit No: TP TP 2

Date : 3/22/2016 Site: Kelston Farm, Gronant

Excavator : Mini excavator E1009

Pit size : 0.50x 1.20m Depth : 1.50m Elev (m aOD): STRATA DESCRIPTION SAMPLE RECORD Pit Depth Depth Interval Description Depth Type Depth Number No From (m) To (m) (m) B U D W (m) TP2 0.00 0.15 0.15 Dark brown loamy TOPSOIL

0.15 0.40 0.50 Firm dark brown gravely silty CLAY. Gravel is fine to coarse subangular D 0.20 of siltstone. Low cobble content 0.5 0.40 1.50 Firm medium brown gravely sandy silty CLAY. Gravel is fine to coarse D 0.70 subangular of siltstone. Low cobble content 1.0

1.5 1.50

Base of pit at 1.50m 2.0

Remarks Sidewalls : Pit sides stable and vertical Groundwater : None In-situ testing : None Contaminants : None Services : None

e-geo solutions Ltd Oak House, Groes Lwyd, Abergele, LL22 7SU Tel : 01745 828494 Fax : 01745 828493 TRIAL PIT RECORD

Trial Pit No: TP TP 3

Date : 3/22/2016 Site: Kelston Farm, Gronant

Excavator : Mini excavator E1009

Pit size : 0.50x 1.20m Depth : 1.50m Elev (m aOD): STRATA DESCRIPTION SAMPLE RECORD Pit Depth Depth Interval Description Depth Type Depth Number No From (m) To (m) (m) B U D W (m) TP3 0.00 0.15 0.15 Dark brown loamy TOPSOIL

0.15 0.40 0.50 Firm dark brown gravely silty CLAY. Gravel is fine to coarse subangular D 0.20 of siltstone. Low cobble content 0.5 0.40 1.50 Firm light brown very gravely sandy silty CLAY. Gravel is fine to coarse D 0.70 subangular of siltstone. High cobble content 1.0

1.5 1.50

Base of pit at 1.50m 2.0

Remarks Sidewalls : Pit sides stable and vertical Groundwater : None In-situ testing : None Contaminants : None Services : None

e-geo solutions Ltd Oak House, Groes Lwyd, Abergele, LL22 7SU Tel : 01745 828494 Fax : 01745 828493 TRIAL PIT RECORD

Trial Pit No: TP TP 4

Date : 3/22/2016 Site: Kelston Farm, Gronant

Excavator : Mini excavator E1009

Pit size : 0.50x 1.20m Depth : 1.50m Elev (m aOD): STRATA DESCRIPTION SAMPLE RECORD Pit Depth Depth Interval Description Depth Type Depth Number No From (m) To (m) (m) B U D W (m) TP4 0.00 0.15 0.15 Dark brown TOPSOIL with roots

0.15 1.20 1.05 Dark brown gravely silty CLAY D 0.20 with cobbles of sandstone and very 0.5 ocassional slate. Gravel is fine to coarse angular sandstone D 0.70

1.0

1.20 1.50 Firm light brown very gravely sandy silty CLAY. Gravel is fine to coarse subangular of siltstone 1.5 1.50

Base of pit at 1.50m 2.0

Remarks Sidewalls : Pit sides stable and vertical Groundwater : Water inflow at 1.00m In-situ testing : None Contaminants : None Services : None

e-geo solutions Ltd Oak House, Groes Lwyd, Abergele, LL22 7SU Tel : 01745 828494 Fax : 01745 828493 Kelston Farm, Gwespyr, Flintshire, CH8 9LU Stage 1 - Phase 2 – Ground Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment

Appendix 2 - Chemical Analysis Results

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Exova Jones Environmental

Registered Office: Exova Environmental UK Limited, 10 Lower Grosvenor Place, London, SW1W 0EN. Reg No. 11371415

Unit 3 Point Zone 3 Deeside Industrial Park Deeside CH5 2UA E-Geo Solutions Oak House Tel: +44 (0) 1244 833780 Groes Lwyd Fax: +44 (0) 1244 833781 Abergele LL22 7SU

Attention : Huw Littler-Jones

Date : 4th April, 2019

Your reference :

Our reference : Test Report 19/4787 Batch 1

Location : Kelston Farm

Date samples received : 22nd March, 2019

Status : Final report

Issue : 1

Eight samples were received for analysis on 22nd March, 2019 of which eight were scheduled for analysis. Please find attached our Test Report which should be read with notes at the end of the report and should include all sections if reproduced. Interpretations and opinions are outside the scope of any accreditation, and all results relate only to samples supplied. All analysis is carried out on as received samples and reported on a dry weight basis unless stated otherwise. Results are not surrogate corrected.

Compiled By:

Bruce Leslie Project Co-ordinator

Please include all sections of this report if it is reproduced QF-PM 3.1.1 v16 All solid results are expressed on a dry weight basis unless stated otherwise. 1 of 8 Exova Jones Environmental

Client Name: E-Geo Solutions Report : Solid Reference: Location: Kelston Farm Solids: V=60g VOC jar, J=250g glass jar, T=plastic tub Contact: Huw Littler-Jones JE Job No.: 19/4787

J E Sample No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Sample ID TP1 TP1 TP2 TP2 TP3 TP3 TP4 TP4

Depth 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.70 0.20 0.70 0.20 0.70 Please see attached notes for all abbreviations and acronyms COC No / misc

Containers J J J J J J J J

Sample Date 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019

Sample Type Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay

Batch Number 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Method LOD/LOR Units No. Date of Receipt 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019

Arsenic #M 47.3 10.6 9.8 - 8.2 10.4 10.1 - <0.5 mg/kg TM30/PM15 Cadmium #M 2.0 1.9 6.4 - 2.2 0.9 13.4 - <0.1 mg/kg TM30/PM15 Chromium #M 22.3 56.5 53.6 - 56.1 43.2 54.2 - <0.5 mg/kg TM30/PM15 Copper #M 72 36 24 - 22 23 37 - <1 mg/kg TM30/PM15

#M Lead 523 485 713 - 858 1018 2707AA - <5 mg/kg TM30/PM15 Mercury #M <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 - <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 - <0.1 mg/kg TM30/PM15 Nickel #M 63.0 36.9 25.2 - 19.1 31.0 24.8 - <0.7 mg/kg TM30/PM15 Selenium #M 3 1 1 - 1 1 1 - <1 mg/kg TM30/PM15 Water Soluble Boron #M 1.4 1.2 1.3 - 0.8 0.5 1.2 - <0.1 mg/kg TM74/PM32 Zinc #M 318 223 851 - 337 283 1860 - <5 mg/kg TM30/PM15

PAH MS

Naphthalene #M <0.04 - <0.04 - <0.04 - - - <0.04 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Acenaphthylene <0.03 - <0.03 - <0.03 - - - <0.03 mg/kg TM4/PM8

Acenaphthene #M <0.05 - <0.05 - <0.05 - - - <0.05 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Fluorene #M <0.04 - <0.04 - <0.04 - - - <0.04 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Phenanthrene #M 0.29 - <0.03 - <0.03 - - - <0.03 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Anthracene # <0.04 - <0.04 - <0.04 - - - <0.04 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Fluoranthene #M <0.03 - <0.03 - <0.03 - - - <0.03 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Pyrene # 0.05 - <0.03 - <0.03 - - - <0.03 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Benzo(a)anthracene # <0.06 - <0.06 - <0.06 - - - <0.06 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Chrysene #M 0.20 - <0.02 - <0.02 - - - <0.02 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Benzo(bk)fluoranthene #M 0.11 - <0.07 - <0.07 - - - <0.07 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Benzo(a)pyrene # <0.04 - <0.04 - <0.04 - - - <0.04 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Indeno(123cd)pyrene #M <0.04 - <0.04 - <0.04 - - - <0.04 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Dibenzo(ah)anthracene # <0.04 - <0.04 - <0.04 - - - <0.04 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Benzo(ghi)perylene # 0.05 - <0.04 - <0.04 - - - <0.04 mg/kg TM4/PM8 PAH 16 Total 0.7 - <0.6 - <0.6 - - - <0.6 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.08 - <0.05 - <0.05 - - - <0.05 mg/kg TM4/PM8 Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.03 - <0.02 - <0.02 - - - <0.02 mg/kg TM4/PM8 PAH Surrogate % Recovery 99 - 98 - 101 - - - <0 % TM4/PM8

Phenol #M <0.01 - <0.01 - <0.01 - - - <0.01 mg/kg TM26/PM21

Natural Moisture Content 17.4 30.1 21.6 - 18.5 15.9 24.1 - <0.1 % PM4/PM0

Hexavalent Chromium # <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 - <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 - <0.3 mg/kg TM38/PM20 Sulphate as SO4 (2:1 Ext) #M - - - <0.0015 - - - <0.0015 <0.0015 g/l TM38/PM20

Total Cyanide #M <0.5 - <0.5 - <0.5 - - - <0.5 mg/kg TM89/PM45

pH #M 8.22 7.91 8.09 - 7.80 7.90 8.50 - <0.01 pH units TM73/PM11 Sample Type Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay None PM13/PM0

Sample Colour Dark Brown Medium Brown Medium Brown Medium Brown Medium Brown Medium Brown Medium Brown Medium Brown None PM13/PM0

Please include all sections of this report if it is reproduced QF-PM 3.1.2 v11 All solid results are expressed on a dry weight basis unless stated otherwise. 2 of 8 Exova Jones Environmental

Client Name: E-Geo Solutions Report : Solid Reference: Location: Kelston Farm Solids: V=60g VOC jar, J=250g glass jar, T=plastic tub Contact: Huw Littler-Jones JE Job No.: 19/4787

J E Sample No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Sample ID TP1 TP1 TP2 TP2 TP3 TP3 TP4 TP4

Depth 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.70 0.20 0.70 0.20 0.70 Please see attached notes for all abbreviations and acronyms COC No / misc

Containers J J J J J J J J

Sample Date 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019

Sample Type Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay

Batch Number 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Method LOD/LOR Units No. Date of Receipt 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019 22/03/2019

Other Items stones stones, sand and vegertation stones stones stones and roots stones stones and roots stones and loam None PM13/PM0

Please include all sections of this report if it is reproduced QF-PM 3.1.2 v11 All solid results are expressed on a dry weight basis unless stated otherwise. 3 of 8 Exova Jones Environmental Notification of Deviating Samples

Client Name: E-Geo Solutions Reference: Location: Kelston Farm Contact: Huw Littler-Jones

J E J E Sample Job Batch Sample ID Depth Analysis Reason No. No.

No deviating sample report results for job 19/4787

Please note that only samples that are deviating are mentioned in this report. If no samples are listed it is because none were deviating. Only analyses which are accredited are recorded as deviating if set criteria are not met.

QF-PM 3.1.11 v3 Please include all sections of this report if it is reproduced 4 of 8 NOTES TO ACCOMPANY ALL SCHEDULES AND REPORTS JE Job No.: 19/4787 SOILS

Please note we are only MCERTS accredited (UK soils only) for sand, loam and clay and any other matrix is outside our scope of accreditation.

Where an MCERTS report has been requested, you will be notified within 48 hours of any samples that have been identified as being outside our MCERTS scope. As validation has been performed on clay, sand and loam, only samples that are predominantly these matrices, or combinations of them will be within our MCERTS scope. If samples are not one of a combination of the above matrices they will not be marked as MCERTS accredited. It is assumed that you have taken representative samples on site and require analysis on a representative subsample. Stones will generally be included unless we are requested to remove them. All samples will be discarded one month after the date of reporting, unless we are instructed to the contrary. If you have not already done so, please send us a purchase order if this is required by your company. Where appropriate please make sure that our detection limits are suitable for your needs, if they are not, please notify us immediately. All analysis is reported on a dry weight basis unless stated otherwise. Results are not surrogate corrected. Samples are dried at 35°C ±5°C unless otherwise stated. Moisture content for CEN Leachate tests are dried at 105°C ±5°C. Where Mineral Oil or Fats, Oils and Grease is quoted, this refers to Total Aliphatics C10-C40. Where a CEN 10:1 ZERO Headspace VOC test has been carried out, a 10:1 ratio of water to wet (as received) soil has been used. % Asbestos in Asbestos Containing Materials (ACMs) is determined by reference to HSG 264 The Survey Guide - Appendix 2 : ACMs in buildings listed in order of ease of fibre release. Negative Neutralization Potential (NP) values are obtained when the volume of NaOH (0.1N) titrated (pH 8.3) is greater than the volume of HCl (1N) to reduce the pH of the sample to 2.0 - 2.5. Any negative NP values are corrected to 0. The calculation of Pyrite content assumes that all oxidisable sulphides present in the sample are pyrite. This may not be the case. The calculation may be an overesitimate when other sulphides such as Barite (Barium Sulphate) are present.

WATERS

Please note we are not a UK Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) Approved Laboratory .

ISO17025 accreditation applies to surface water and groundwater and usually one other matrix which is analysis specific, any other liquids are outside our scope of accreditation.

As surface waters require different sample preparation to groundwaters the laboratory must be informed of the water type when submitting samples.

Where Mineral Oil or Fats, Oils and Grease is quoted, this refers to Total Aliphatics C10-C40.

DEVIATING SAMPLES

Samples must be received in a condition appropriate to the requested analyses. All samples should be submitted to the laboratory in suitable containers with sufficient ice packs to sustain an appropriate temperature for the requested analysis. If this is not the case you will be informed and any test results that may be compromised highlighted on your deviating samples report.

SURROGATES Surrogate compounds are added during the preparation process to monitor recovery of analytes. However low recovery in soils is often due to peat, clay or other organic rich matrices. For waters this can be due to oxidants, surfactants, organic rich sediments or remediation fluids. Acceptable limits for most organic methods are 70 - 130% and for VOCs are 50 - 150%. When surrogate recoveries are outside the performance criteria but the associated AQC passes this is assumed to be due to matrix effect. Results are not surrogate corrected.

DILUTIONS A dilution suffix indicates a dilution has been performed and the reported result takes this into account. No further calculation is required.

BLANKS Where analytes have been found in the blank, the sample will be treated in accordance with our laboratory procedure for dealing with contaminated blanks. NOTE Data is only reported if the laboratory is confident that the data is a true reflection of the samples analysed. Data is only reported as accredited when all the requirements of our Quality System have been met. In certain circumstances where all the requirements of the Quality System have not been met, for instance if the associated AQC has failed, the reason is fully investigated and documented. The sample data is then evaluated alongside the other quality control checks performed during analysis to determine its suitability. Following this evaluation, provided the sample results have not been effected, the data is reported but accreditation is removed. It is a UKAS requirement for data not reported as accredited to be considered indicative only, but this does not mean the data is not valid. Where possible, and if requested, samples will be re-extracted and a revised report issued with accredited results. Please do not hesitate to contact the laboratory if further details are required of the circumstances which have led to the removal of accreditation.

REPORTS FROM THE SOUTH AFRICA LABORATORY Any method number not prefixed with SA has been undertaken in our UK laboratory unless reported as subcontracted.

Please include all sections of this report if it is reproduced QF-PM 3.1.9 v34 All solid results are expressed on a dry weight basis unless stated otherwise. 5 of 8 JE Job No.: 19/4787

ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS USED

# ISO17025 (UKAS Ref No. 4225) accredited - UK. SA ISO17025 (SANAS Ref No.T0729) accredited - South Africa. B Indicates analyte found in associated method blank. DR Dilution required. M MCERTS accredited. NA Not applicable NAD No Asbestos Detected. ND None Detected (usually refers to VOC and/SVOC TICs). NDP No Determination Possible SS Calibrated against a single substance SV Surrogate recovery outside performance criteria. This may be due to a matrix effect. W Results expressed on as received basis. + AQC failure, accreditation has been removed from this result, if appropriate, see 'Note' on previous page. ++ Result outside calibration range, results should be considered as indicative only and are not accredited. * Analysis subcontracted to an Exova Jones Environmental approved laboratory. AD Samples are dried at 35°C ±5°C CO Suspected carry over LOD/LOR Limit of Detection (Limit of Reporting) in line with ISO 17025 and MCERTS ME Matrix Effect NFD No Fibres Detected BS AQC Sample LB Blank Sample N Client Sample TB Trip Blank Sample OC Outside Calibration Range AA x5 Dilution

Please include all sections of this report if it is reproduced QF-PM 3.1.9 v34 All solid results are expressed on a dry weight basis unless stated otherwise. 6 of 8 Exova Jones Environmental Method Code Appendix

JE Job No: 19/4787

ISO Analysis done Prep Method MCERTS Reported on 17025 on As Received Test Method No. Description No. (if Description (UK soils dry weight (UKAS/S (AR) or Dried appropriate) only) basis ANAS) (AD)

Gravimetric measurement of Natural Moisture Content and % Moisture Content at either PM4 PM0 No preparation is required. AR 35°C or 105°C. Calculation based on ISO 11465 and BS1377.

Modified USEPA 8270 method for the solvent extraction and determination of 16 PAHs End over end extraction of solid samples for organic analysis. The solvent mix varies TM4 PM8 AR by GC-MS. depending on analysis required. Yes

Modified USEPA 8270 method for the solvent extraction and determination of 16 PAHs End over end extraction of solid samples for organic analysis. The solvent mix varies TM4 PM8 Yes AR by GC-MS. depending on analysis required. Yes

Modified USEPA 8270 method for the solvent extraction and determination of 16 PAHs End over end extraction of solid samples for organic analysis. The solvent mix varies TM4 PM8 Yes Yes AR by GC-MS. depending on analysis required. Yes

A visual examination of the solid sample is carried out to ascertain sample make up, PM13 PM0 No preparation is required. AR colour and any other inclusions. This is not a geotechnical description. No

Determination of phenols by Reversed Phased High Performance Liquid As received solid or water samples are extracted in Methanol: Sodium Hydroxide (0.1M TM26 PM21 Yes Yes AR Chromatography and Electro-Chemical Detection. NaOH) (60:40) by orbital shaker. Yes

Determination of Trace Metal elements by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Acid digestion of dried and ground solid samples using Aqua Regia refluxed at 112.5 °C. TM30 Optical Emission Spectrometry). Modified US EPA Method 200.7, 6010B and BS EN ISO PM15 Yes Yes AD Samples containing asbestos are not dried and ground. Yes 11885 2009

Extraction of dried and ground or as received samples with deionised water in a 2:1 Soluble Ion analysis using Discrete Analyser. Modified US EPA methods 325.2 water to solid ratio using a reciprocal shaker for all analytes except hexavalent TM38 (Chloride), 375.4 (Sulphate), 365.2 (o-Phosphate), 353.1 (TON), 354.1 (Nitrite), 350.1 PM20 Yes Yes AD chromium. Extraction of as received sample using 10:1 ratio of 0.2M sodium hydroxide to Yes (NH4+) comparable to BS ISO 15923-1, 7196A (Hex Cr) soil for hexavalent chromium using a reciprocal shaker.

Extraction of dried and ground or as received samples with deionised water in a 2:1 Soluble Ion analysis using Discrete Analyser. Modified US EPA methods 325.2 water to solid ratio using a reciprocal shaker for all analytes except hexavalent TM38 (Chloride), 375.4 (Sulphate), 365.2 (o-Phosphate), 353.1 (TON), 354.1 (Nitrite), 350.1 PM20 Yes AR chromium. Extraction of as received sample using 10:1 ratio of 0.2M sodium hydroxide to Yes (NH4+) comparable to BS ISO 15923-1, 7196A (Hex Cr) soil for hexavalent chromium using a reciprocal shaker.

Modified US EPA methods 150.1 and 9045D and BS1377:1990. Determination of pH by TM73 PM11 Extraction of as received solid samples using one part solid to 2.5 parts deionised water. Yes Yes AR Metrohm automated probe analyser. No

QF-PM 3.1.10 v14 Please include all sections of this report if it is reproduced 7 of 8 Exova Jones Environmental Method Code Appendix

JE Job No: 19/4787

ISO Analysis done Prep Method MCERTS Reported on 17025 on As Received Test Method No. Description No. (if Description (UK soils dry weight (UKAS/S (AR) or Dried appropriate) only) basis ANAS) (AD)

TM74 Analysis of water soluble boron (20:1 extract) by ICP-OES. PM32 Hot water soluble boron is extracted from dried and ground samples using a 20:1 ratio. Yes Yes AD Yes

Modified USEPA method OIA-1667. Determination of cyanide by Flow Injection Analyser. As received solid samples are extracted with 1M NaOH by orbital shaker for Cyanide and TM89 Where WAD cyanides are required a Ligand displacement step is carried out before PM45 Yes Yes AR Thiocyanate analysis. Yes analysis.

QF-PM 3.1.10 v14 Please include all sections of this report if it is reproduced 8 of 8