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Nureg/Km-0011 AVAILABILITY OF REFERENCE MATERIALS IN NRC PUBLICATIONS NRC Reference Material Non-NRC Reference Material As of November 1999, you may electronically access Documents available from public and special technical NUREG-series publications and other NRC records at libraries include all open literature items, such as books, NRC’s Library at www.nrc.gov/reading-rm.html. Publicly journal articles, transactions, Federal Register notices, released records include, to name a few, NUREG-series Federal and State legislation, and congressional reports. publications; Federal Register notices; applicant, Such documents as theses, dissertations, foreign reports licensee, and vendor documents and correspondence; and translations, and non-NRC conference proceedings NRC correspondence and internal memoranda; bulletins may be purchased from their sponsoring organization. and information notices; inspection and investigative reports; licensee event reports; and Commission papers Copies of industry codes and standards used in a and their attachments. substantive manner in the NRC regulatory process are maintained at— NRC publications in the NUREG series, NRC regulations, The NRC Technical Library and Title 10, “Energy,” in the Code of Federal Regulations Two White Flint North may also be purchased from one of these two sources. 11545 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD 20852-2738 1. The Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Publishing Office These standards are available in the library for reference Washington, DC 20402-0001 use by the public. Codes and standards are usually Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov copyrighted and may be purchased from the originating Telephone: (202) 512-1800 organization or, if they are American National Standards, Fax: (202) 512-2104 from— American National Standards Institute 2. The National Technical Information Service 11 West 42nd Street oa 5301 Shawnee R d New York, NY 10036-8002 Alexandria, VA 22312-0002 www.ansi.org www.ntis.gov (212) 642-4900 1-800-553-6847 or, locally, (703) 605-6000 Legally binding regulatory requirements are stated only in A single copy of each NRC draft report for comment is laws; NRC regulations; licenses, including technical available free, to the extent of supply, upon written specifications; or orders, not in NUREG-series publications. request as follows: The views expressed in contractor prepared publications in this series are not necessarily those of the NRC. Address: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission The NUREG series comprises (1) technical and Office of Administration administrative reports and books prepared by the staff Multimedia, Graphics, and Storage & (NUREG–XXXX) or agency contractors (NUREG/CR–XXXX), (2) proceedings of conferences (NUREG/CP–XXXX), Distribution Branch (3) reports resulting from international agreements Washington, DC 20555-0001 (NUREG/IA–XXXX),(4) brochures (NUREG/BR–XXXX), and E-mail: [email protected] (5) compilations of legal decisions and orders of the Facsimile: (301) 415-2289 Commission and Atomic and Safety Licensing Boards and of Directors’ decisions under Section 2.206 of NRC’s regulations (NUREG–0750). Some publications in the NUREG series that are posted at NRC’s Web site address www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/ DISCLAIMER: This report was prepared as an account doc-collections/nuregs are updated periodically and may of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. differ from the last printed version. Although references to Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any employee, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, material found on a Web site bear the date the material or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third was accessed, the material available on the date cited party’s use, or the results of such use, of any information, may subsequently be removed from the site. apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this publication, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. NUREG/KM-0011 Critical Heat Flux Data Used to Generate the 2006 Groeneveld Lookup Tables Manuscript Completed: July 2016 Date Published: January 2019 Prepared by: D.C. Groeneveld Thermalhydraulics Consultants, Inc. P.O. Box 1335 Deep River, Ontario, Canada K0J 1P0 Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research ABSTRACT This report contains a compilation of over 25,000 critical heat flux (CHF) data points obtained in water-cooled tubes that were used to derive the 2006 Groeneveld CHF lookup table. This compilation is based on 62 data sets that have been obtained during the past 60 years. This NUREG report describes the pertinent experimental details and possible concerns for these data sets. It also discusses the applicability and validity of the CHF lookup table to reactor conditions of interest and includes a graphical comparison of the ranges of conditions covered by these primary data and subsequently obtained supplementary data sets. iii FOREWORD The history of critical heat flux (CHF) is the history of its experimental data. There are few collections of those data from as wide a range of experiments as those given in the Groeneveld lookup tables, and there are likely few individuals who have had as much history as Dr. Groeneveld himself. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) created this NUREG report for two purposes: 1) to define and capture the all-important data that comprise the Groeneveld lookup table, including detailed data from over 60 data sets that span over 65 years of data collection 2) to include many of Dr. Groeneveld’s personal insights into the history, current state, and future of CHF prediction—information that does not appear in any textbook or journal article and is often known only by those who have tremendous experience in the field I am grateful to the NRC and particularly to Andrew Ireland and the Office of Research for supporting this work and to Dr. Groeneveld for being willing to create it. It not only provides key information on very important data but also fills in much of the undocumented history of CHF. Joshua S. Kaizer, Ph.D. Reactor Engineer Nuclear Reactor Regulation v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... iii FOREWORD ................................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... ix 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 2 CRITICAL HEAT FLUX MEASUREMENTS AND UNCERTAINTIES ........................ 3 2.1 Early Flow Boiling Testing ............................................................................................... 3 2.2 Critical Heat Flux Detection Methods ............................................................................... 3 2.3 Uncertainties in Critical Heat Flux .................................................................................... 4 2.4 Critical Heat Flux Reproducibility ..................................................................................... 5 3 EVOLUTION OF CRITICAL HEAT FLUX PREDICTION METHODS ........................ 7 3.1 Empirical Critical Heat Flux Correlations .......................................................................... 7 3.2 Analytical Critical Heat Flux Models ................................................................................. 7 3.3 Critical Heat Flux Lookup Table Methods ........................................................................ 8 4 DATABASE FOR THE 2006 CRITICAL HEAT FLUX LOOKUP TABLE ................ 11 4.1 Critical Heat Flux Data Compilations ............................................................................. 11 4.2 Electronic Database of Data Used To Derive the 2006 Critical Heat Flux Lookup Table ............................................................................................................................. 11 4.3 Description of the Experimental Data Sets .................................................................... 20 5 DERIVATION OF THE 2006 CRITICAL HEAT FLUX LOOKUP TABLE ................. 21 5.1 Critical Heat Flux Data Selection Criteria ....................................................................... 21 5.2 Derivation of the Skeleton Table .................................................................................... 21 5.3 Derivation of the 2006 Critical Heat Flux Lookup Table ................................................. 22 6 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................ 25 6.1 Critical Heat Flux Data Coverage .................................................................................. 25 6.2 Reliability of the Critical Heat Flux Lookup Table Entries ............................................... 28 6.3 Additional Data Sets Not Used To Derive the 2006 Critical Heat Flux Lookup Table ............................................................................................................................. 28 6.4 Application to Geometries Other Than Upflow in 8-Millimeter Tubes ............................. 28 7 CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL REMARKS ................................................................ 31 8 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................
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