ANNUAL REPORT 0 0 2 a n d c o 3 G o N p I e r a C T t i n g O C N N E UNITED STA TES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY Annual Introduction Foreword . .1 Report History . .2 Contents Mission / Focus . .3 USADA Leadership . .4 USADA Organizational Chart . .6 In-Depth Focus Areas Research . .8 Education . .10 Testing and Results Management . .12 Connecting and Cooperating Athletes . .17 Sports Bodies . .20 International Organizations . .21 Laboratories and Research Partners . .22 National Organizations . .25 Wrapping Up Afterword . .27 Glossary of Terms . .28 Annual Audit Report . .29 Acknowledgements . .32 USADA’s Numbers . .33 Foreword This year (2003) marked another period of significant progress, both for the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) and the worldwide effort to curtail the practice of doping in sport. Undoubtedly, the major development was the adoption of the new World Anti-Doping Code (Code), both by the World Anti- Doping Agency (WADA) and subsequently by USADA, numerous other anti-doping organizations, International Federations, and national governments. Development of the Code has been a key factor in the effort to achieve harmonization of a number of critical factors in the anti-doping effort, and the creation of a global strategy in the fight against doping. The anti- doping effort has always involved more than just testing, but never has that been more true than today. While USADA continues to concentrate on the basic areas of testing, results management, research, and education, it recognizes that real progress can only be achieved through effective interaction with ath- letes, National Governing Bodies (NGBs), International Federations (IFs), other National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADOs), and WADA. This annual report is intended to provide a look at the breadth of USADA's activity, and the reasons we have achieved a place of leadership on the worldwide stage. The guidance provided by USADA’s Board of Directors and the skill and dedication exhibited by our staff have been crucial to the progress we have made in the last three years, and to the continued improvements for which we and other stakeholders strive in the future. Dr. Ralph W. Hale Terry Madden Chair of the Board Chief Executive Officer 1 USADA History USADA is the independent, non-governmental, anti-doping agency for Olympic related sport in the United States. It was created as the result of recommendations made by the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) Select Task Force on Externalization to uphold the Olympic ideal of fair play, and to represent the interests of Olympic, Pan American Games, and Paralympic athletes. The USOC was aware that its program lacked credibility internationally for a number of reasons, and the task force was charged with recommending both the governing structure (as represented by the Board of Directors) and responsibilities which should be assumed by the new agency. USADA began operations October 1, 2000. Its board consisted of nine members, five of whom came from outside the Olympic family and four of whom (two each) were elected by the Athletes’ Advisory Council (AAC) and NGB Council. USADA was given full authority to execute a comprehensive national anti-doping program encompassing testing, results management, education, and research, and to develop programs, policies, and procedures in each of those areas. In 2003 the Board further extended its independence by choosing to consider recommendations from the AAC and NGBs, but ultimately electing its own members. USADA is still an evolving organization, and its history is still being written, as this annual report will illustrate. 2 USADA Mission USADA is dedicated to preserving the well being of Olympic sport, the integrity of competition, and ensuring the health of athletes. USADA focuses on four primary areas. They are: ResearchResearch – – Because research is the cornerstone of an effective anti-doping program, USADA allocates $2 million annually toward the study of prohibited substances, the development of tests, and other issues involved with the practice of doping in sport. This commitment to research exceeds that of any other anti-doping agency in the world. Educationeducation – – Focusing on ethics involved with the use of performance-enhancing substances and the asso- ciated health risks, USADA's education program seeks to inform both elite athletes and those participating in sport at a young age of the dangers and consequences of using prohibited substances. In addition, USADA education makes concerted efforts to inform athletes about policies, procedures, and athletes rights and responsibilities with respect to doping control. TEstingTesting – USADA is responsible for managing both In- and Out-of-Competition (OOC) testing for athletes in the U.S. Olympic Movement including Olympic, Pan American, and Paralympic athletes. A major goal in testing is to achieve quality and consistency in the collection process and prompt, efficient handling of results. ResultsAdjudication Management – – USADA's results management process was designed to eliminate the conflicts of interest inherent with the involvement of NGBs in prosecuting and sanctioning their own athletes, and to simplify procedures and reduce the time and financial burdens associated with appeals. USADA's results manage- ment system relies on arbitrations before the American Arbitration Association (AAA)/Court for Arbitration in Sport (CAS) under modified AAA commercial rules, which have been agreed to by the relevant stakeholders. 3 USADA Leadership Chaired by Dr. Ralph Hale, the USADA Board of Directors provides the organization with a well-rounded, professional, and diverse group of talented individuals. Dr. Ralph W. Hale, Chair Barry Axelrod, Treasurer Evelyn Ashford The executive vice president A graduate of UCLA Law School, One of the greatest female sprint- of the American College of Axelrod is an attorney specializ- ers in track and field history, Obstetricians and Gynecologists, ing in sports, entertainment, and Ashford became a member of the Dr. Hale became the USADA business law. He represents such USADA Board in April 2003. Board Chair in April 2003 after athletes as Olympians Michelle She won the 100 meters and serving as Vice Chair since 2000. Kwan and Rulon Gardner; profes- anchored the winning 4x100m He was a member of the U.S. delegation staff at four sional athletes Rich Aurilia, Jeff Bagwell, Craig relay at the 1984 Olympics. She also anchored the Olympic Games (1988, 1992, 1994 and 1996). Dr. Biggio, Matt Clement, and Phil Nevin; broadcasters gold medal-winning 4x100m relays at the 1988 and Hale served on the USOC Board of Directors for 16 Rick Sutcliffe, Mark Grace, and Wally Joyner, plus 1992 Olympic Games, and earned a silver medal in years as a representative of U.S. Water Polo. entertainers Mark Harmon and Pam Dawber. the 100 meters at the 1988 Olympics. Ashford also His extensive work in international sport includes competed at the 1976 Olympic Games. She was the serving as a member of the US/USSR Anti-Doping top-ranked sprinter in the world on four occasions Kate Hendrickson Borg, CHMM, Secretary Commission (1989-92). Dr. Hale also served as and number one-ranked American seven times. She A member of the 1992 U.S. USOC vice president (1993-96). was a two-time world record holder in the 100 Olympic Team in the sport of meters and was a member of 15 U.S. national teams canoe/kayak, Hendrickson Borg and won 19 national titles, including six indoors. Dr. Richard W. Cohen, Vice Chair served as an athlete liaison and Dr. Cohen was elevated to vice athlete services coordinator for chair of the USADA Board in the 1997 World University Games Lawrence Brown, Jr., MD, MPH April 2003. He is a former mem- and the 1999 Pan American Games. Currently, she Lawrence S. Brown, Jr., is a ber of the Doping Control works as a Senior Environmental Scientist with ATC physician-researcher with training Commission for both USA Associates in Cincinnati, Ohio. Hendrickson Borg, in internal medicine, neuro- Weightlifting and the U.S. who was a member of the U.S. Canoe/Kayak endocrinology, and addiction Bobsled and Skeleton Federation. Dr. Cohen served National Team from 1988 to 1996, remains active as medicine. Dr. Brown is the senior as chair of the Doping Control Commission for the a competitor in road races, marathons and vice president at the Addiction 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. He served as an triathlons. Research and Treatment Corp. in Brooklyn, N.Y. advisor on doping control to the Nagano Olympic He has appointments as Visiting Physician at Organizing Committee during the 1998 Olympic Rockefeller Hospital and Clinical Assistant Professor Winter Games in Nagano, Japan. A noted orthope- of Public Health of the Weill Medical College at dic surgeon, Dr. Cohen is chair of the Wellstar Cornell University. He is President and a member of Health System Ethics Committee in Atlanta. the Board of Trustees of the American Society of Addiction Medicine. Dr. Brown provides consulta- tion to a host of government and private agencies, and serves as Medical Advisor to the National Football League. 4 Peter Breen, ATC/L, MSPT Terry Madden, Larry Bowers, A member of the 1992 U.S. USADA Chief Executive Officer USADA Senior Managing Director Olympic Team in the sport of Terry Madden became the Chief Larry Bowers, Ph.D. joined figure skating in the ice dancing Executive Officer of USADA in USADA in September 2000 as the event, Breen is a licensed Physical April 2000 after serving as Chief Senior Managing Director of Therapist and a Certified Athletic of Staff to United States Olympic Technical and Information Trainer. His field of specialization Committee (USOC) President Resources. includes physical rehabilitation of athletes and Bill Hybl. Prior to his appointment with performing artists. Breen has experience with a variety Madden's diverse professional background USADA, Bowers served eight years as Director of the of sports medicine rehabilitation centers across the includes serving as Executive Director of USA International Olympic Committee (IOC) accredited U.S.