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Irc:124-2017 IRC:124-2017 BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT) DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR INDIAN CITIES Published by: INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS Kama Koti Marg, Sector-6, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110 022 NOVEMBER, 2017 Price : ` 600/- (Plus Packing & Postage) IRC:124-2017 First Published : November, 2017 (All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication shall be reproduced, translated or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the Indian Roads Congress) Printed at India Offset Press, Delhi - 110 064 500 Copies IRC:124-2017 CONTENTS S. No. Description Page No. Personnel of the Highways Specifications and Standards Committee i-ii Abbreviations iii Definitions iv Introduction 1 1. Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT) 2 2. Role of BRT 4 2.1 Forms of Road-Based Public Transport with Priority 4 2.2 Light Rail Transit (LRT) 10 2.3 BRT vs. Road Expansion 11 2.4 BRT and Grade-Separated Rail 12 3. Planning for BRT 14 3.1 Network Selection 14 3.2 BRT Configuration and System Capacity 17 4. System Design 19 4.1 Dedicated Bus Lane Alignment 19 4.2 Station Alignment 19 4.3 Calculating Corridor Capacity: Basic Approach 22 4.4 Station Saturation 23 4.5 Calculating Corridor Capacity 24 5. Station Design 27 5.1 Bus-Station Interface 27 5.2 Station Layout and Size 31 5.3 Distance between Stations 33 5.4 Architectural Features 33 5.5 Terminal Design 34 6. Corridor Design 36 6.1 Street Elements and Design Configurations 36 6.2 Intersection Design 45 6.3 Corridor Management 49 6.4 BRT Corridor Designs for Special Cases 50 6.5 Pavement Design 51 7. Universal Accessibility 52 7.1 Footpaths 52 7.2 Pedestrian Infrastructure 54 IRC:124-2017 7.3 Passenger Access 54 7.4 Station Ramps 56 7.5 Bus Interior 57 7.6 Bus Stops on Service Extensions 58 8. Vehicle Specifications 58 9. Safety 61 10. BRT Operations 63 10.1 System Monitoring 63 10.2 Fare Collection 64 10.3 Passenger Information 66 10.4 Fleet Management and Scheduling 67 11. Inter-Modal Integration 68 12. Depot Layout Design 68 13. Parking Management 70 14. System Evaluation 71 14.1 Design Evaluation 71 14.2 Performance Evaluation 73 15. Checklist for BRT Infrastructure and Operations Management 74 16. Care to be taken while Implementing BRT 76 16.1 Network Length 76 16.2 Dedicated High Quality Fleet 76 16.3 BRT Lane and not a Bus Lane 76 16.4 BRT Station Location 76 16.5 Median Alignment of BRT Lanes 76 16.6 Intersection Design 77 16.7 Overlap with Rail-Based Mass Transit Systems 77 16.8 Bus Operations Monitoring 77 16.9 BRT Fleet Expansion 77 16.10 Interdepartmental Coordination 78 16.11 Supporting Infrastructure 78 16.12 Fund Allocation 78 16.13 Skilled Manpower 78 17. Comparison of Various Systems Across Parameters 79 References 80 IRC:124-2017 PERSONNEL OF THE HIGHWAYS SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE (As on 23.06.2017) Kumar, Manoj Director General (Road Development) & Special Secretary to Govt. of 1 (Convenor) India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi Singh, B.N. Addl. Director General (Incharge), Ministry of Road Transport and 2 (Co-Convenor) Highways, New Delhi Verma, Dr. S.K. Chief Engineer (R) S,R & T, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, 3 (Member Secretary) New Delhi Members 4 Bamezai, Prof. (Dr.) Gita R&D, Indian Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi 5 Basar, Toli Chief Engineer, PWD, Arunachal Pradesh 6 Bhanot, Balraj Chairman, TED, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 7 Bongirwar, P.L. Secretary (Retd.), PWD Maharashtra DG(RD) & AS (Retd.), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, 8 Gupta, D.P. New Delhi 9 Jain, Prof. (Dr.) S.S. Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 10 Jain, R.K. Chief Engineer (Retd.), PWD Haryana Chief Executive, L.R. Kadiyali & Associates, New Delhi 11 Kadiyali, Dr. L.R. (Expired on 18.02.2016) 12 Lal, Bhure Chairman, Environment Pollution Control Authority, Delhi Engineer-in-Chief, Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority, 13 Lal, Chaman Haryana 14 Narain, Sunita DG, Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi 15 Nashikkar, J.T. Secretary (Retd.), PWD Maharashtra 16 Pandey, R.K. Member (Projects), National Highways Authority of India, New Delhi 17 Parida, Prof. (Dr.) M. Dean, SRIC, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 18 Pateriya, Dr. I.K. Director (Tech), National Rural Roads Development Agency, New Delhi 19 Pawar, Ajit Secretary (Retd.), PWD Maharashtra 20 Porwal, Dr. S.S. (VSM) ADG (Retd.), Border Roads Organisation, New Delhi 21 Raju, Dr. G.V.S. Engineer-in-Chief (Retd.), Roads & Building, Andhra Pradesh 22 Rawat, M.S. Executive Director, AECOM India Pvt. Ltd. 23 Sarangi, D. CGM, National Highways Authority of India, New Delhi 24 Sharma, M.P. Chief Engineer, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi DG(RD) & SS (Retd.), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, 25 Sharma, S.C. New Delhi i IRC:124-2017 26 Sheokand, Balbir Singh Executive Engineer, PWD Haryana DG(RD) & SS (Retd.), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, 27 Singh, Nirmaljit New Delhi 28 Singh, Pawan Kumar GM, 3M India Ltd. DG(RD) & SS (Retd.), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, 29 Sinha, A.V. New Delhi 30 Tawade, D.O. Member (T), National Highways Authority of India, New Delhi The Director, 31 Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi (Chandra, Dr. Satish) The Director General, 32 Border Roads Organisation, New Delhi (Shrivastava, Lt. Gen. S.K.) The Director General, 33 Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, New Delhi (Mathur, Vishnu) The Engineer-in-Chief, 34 Military Engineer Services, New Delhi (Sharma, Lt. Gen. Suresh) 35 Tickoo, Bimal Secretary (T), PWD Jammu 36 Tiwari, Prof. (Dr.) Geetam Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi Superintending Engineer, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, 37 Varshney, Sharad New Delhi 38 Verma, G.L. MD, Engg and Planning Consultants Ltd., New Delhi Corresponding Members 1 Baluja, Dr. Rohit President, Institute of Road Traffic Education, New Delhi 2 Bhowmik, Sunil Engineer-in-Chief (Retd.), Tripura DG(RD) & SS (Retd.), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, 3 Kandasamy, C New Delhi The Director, 4 (Patil, Capt. (Dr.) Rajendra B. Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune Saner) Ex-Officio Members President, (Pradhan, N.K.), Engineer-in-Chief cum Secretary, Works Department, 1 Indian Roads Congress Odisha Director General (Road 2 Development) & Special (Kumar, Manoj), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi Secretary to Govt. of India Secretary General, 3 Nirmal, Sanjay Kumar Indian Roads Congress ii IRC:124-2017 ABBREVIATIONS BA Boarding-Alighting BLT Bus Lost Time BRT Bus Rapid Transit FO Frequency-Occupancy ITS Information Technology Systems LRT Light Rail Transit MOHUA Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs MRT Mass Rapid Transit MV Motorized Vehicles PIS Passenger Information System pphpd Passengers Per Hour Per Direction RFID Radio Frequency Identification ROW Right of Way SPV Special Purpose Vehicle UBS Urban Bus Specification iii IRC:124-2017 DEFINITIONS Bunching: Unintended arrival of two or more public transport vehicles in close succession, often occurring when vehicles operate at high frequencies and/or in mixed-traffic. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT): A high-quality bus-based transit system that delivers fast, comfortable, and cost-effective urban mobility through the provision of segregated right- of-way infrastructure, rapid and frequent operations, and excellence in marketing and customer service. Busways: A dedicated lane for existing bus services without any level boarding on low floor buses, SMART fare collection, information display etc. (See also closed and hybrid BRT system.) Closed BRT system: Service by buses that operate only in exclusive busways, complemented by feeder service to trunk stations or terminals. (See also hybrid BRT system) Dedicated lane: A lane in which entry is permitted for specific types of vehicles. Depot: A facility with provision for bus cleaning, maintenance, and parking. Depots also offer office space for bus operators and facilities for drivers including washrooms, canteens, and rest areas. Docking bays: A location in a BRT station where a bus stops and aligns to the boarding platform. Dwell time: The amount of time that a vehicle occupies a given stopping bay. Expressway: A divided highway for through traffic with access control and grade separations at most intersections. Frequency: Number of vehicles per hour that stop at a station. Headway: Length of time that elapses between vehicle arrivals at a stop or station. Hybrid system: Service that directly links origins and destinations with buses that operates both on and off an exclusive busway. (See also closed BRT system) Light Rail Transit (LRT): Electric rail-based technology operated at surface level in exclusive lanes, typically composed of a single rail car or as a short train of cars. Load factor: The ratio of the number of passengers on a vehicle to the vehicle’s capacity. For example, if a bus has a capacity of 70 and an average load of 60 passengers, then the load factor is 0.85. The load factor for a BRT system is determined by the frequency of vehicles and the passenger volume. Higher load factors are more profitable for the system but may result in overcrowding. Median bus lanes: Lanes reserved for buses that are aligned in the middle of a roadway. Mixed traffic lane: A lane designated for use by various types of vehicles and users. Passengers per hour per direction (pphpd): The number of passengers passing by a particular point in a single direction every hour. Passing lanes: Additional bus lane at the station for a given direction of travel that allows buses to pass (overtake) stopped buses. Platform: An area in a BRT station where passengers board and alight from buses.
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