Gaur et al. UJPBS 2015, 03 (03): Page 18-23

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UNIQUE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

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DISCUSSION AND POSSIBLE INTERPRETATIONS OF THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF ASHTA MUTRA (), MENTIONED IN Gaur Rajeev Ranjan 1* , Yadav SS2, Goswami P.K 3 1Junior Resident, Department of Samhita & , IMS, BHU, 2Assistant professor, Department of Samhita & Sanskrit, IMS, BHU, India 3Professor & Head, Department of Samhita & Sanskrit, IMS, BHU, India

Received 24-04-2015; Revised 22-05-2015; Accepted 20-06-2015 *Corresponding Author : Dr. Rajeev Ranjan Gaur Junior Resident, Department of Samhita & Sanskrit, IMS, BHU, India, Contact No- 7839000809

ABSTRACT Ayuveda deals with holistic approach for well-being of mankind. It advocates that according to origin, different Jangama, Audbhid & Parthiva dravyas (substances) are to be utilized for maintenance of health and getting cure when diseased. During the classification of dravyas, according to their yoni (source of origin), Jangama dravya has been mentioned first and then other two . These points create newer thoughts for human being in the chronological development of human races . Mutra is one of the important Jangama dravya which is not only used for purification of various drugs but also used in treatment of various diseases. In Samhita granthas , among many liquid substances ( Drava drvyas), Mutra varga has been discussed with great importance and significance in purification, preparation & application as medicament. More specifically eight types of mutras () have been enumerated with their specific qualities and application. Among these 8 types of of mutras , every mutra is described with specific therapeutic indications. Avi- mutra is indicated in kasa, plihodara, shvasa, shosha and varcho-graha, Aja- mutra is indicated in shvasa, kasa, shopha, kamala and pandu, Mahisha-mutra is indicated to cure Arshas , shopha , Udara roga and Udara shula , Kushtha , Prameha , Anaha, Gulma and Pandu , Hasti-mutra is useful against bacterial infection or worm infestation and kushtha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy). It is specifically useful in cases of retention of faeces and urine, poisoning, diseases due to kapha and piles. ’s urine alleviates edema, kushtha , udararoga , insanity, vata , worm infestation and piles, Horse’s urine is pungent, sharp and hot, pacifies kapha , stimulates digestive power, alleviates disorders of vata and manas and is useful in worm and ring worm infestation, Ass urine is sharp, alleviates artificial poison and mental disorders, stimulates digestive power, pacifies vata and kapha and is anthelmintic and is slightly sweet, somewhat alleviates , destroys krimi and kushtha , removes itching and if taken internally, is beneficial in udara caused by tridosha . These animals are commonly domestic in nature and continued to be used by human being as part of their socio-economic and religious life down the ages in the society. Here in this article an attempt has been made to establish possible co-relation and interpretations of properties of different animal’s urine and their therapeutic indications. Keywords: Ayurveda , Ashta mutra, Go mutra, Mahisha mutra, Aja mutra, Avi mutra, Ashwa mutra, Khara mutra, Ushtra mutra, Hasti mutra, Discussion, Therapeutic use etc.

INTRODUCTION different ancient principles and concepts of ayurveda as well as to find out newer medical hopes and techniques for Ayruveda , the science of life covers a wide range of subjects mankind. Samhitas are base and treasure house of Ayurveda . and issues of living beings in relation to total approaches of Brihat-trayi reveals almost all essential knowledge along with individual development and health care. Different Ayurvedic concepts which governs the science of life, i.e. Ayurveda . literature preaches wide and in depth knowledge of ideal In general, Samhita granthas and particularly Sutra literatures living including promotive, preventive and curative aspect of reveal facts in very concise form, which have ever ending health sciences. In post-independent India new approaches and scope for more & more expression of meaning and generation active initiation have been undertaken to explore different of further knowledge. Ayuveda deals with holistic approach positive dimensions of Ayurvedic science. Different scientific for well-being of mankind. It advocates that according to approaches have been incorporated for revalidation of origin, different Jangama, Audbhid & Parthiva dravyas Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 03(03), May-June 2015 18 Gaur et al. UJPBS 2015, 03 (03): Page 18-23

(substances) are to be utilized for maintenance of health and properties it alleviates the vitiated vata and thus is getting cure when diseased. During the classification of beneficial by in varcho-graha. dravyas according to yoni, Jangama dravya has been b- Discussion about therapeutic properties of Aja - mutra mentioned first, then other two 1. These points create newer - thoughts for human being in the chronological development of • कासासापहं शोफकामलापाडुरोगनतु ् | कटुितािवतं छागमीषमातकोपनम् ||Su.S. human races . Mutra is one of the important Jangama dravya Su45/223|| which is not only used for purification of various drugs but • आजं कषायमधरु ं पयं दोषािनहित च||C.S.Su.1/100b|| also used in treatment of various diseases. Acharya Charaka Aja- mutra is indicated in shvasa, kasa, shopha, kamala and has described above Ashta mutras in very first chapter of pandu. Sutra-sthana 2 which is concerned with the facts and • Again the predominant involved in pathogenesis of principles, essential for acquiring a disease free longer life Shvasa and Kasa is shleshma as preach our samhitas - (Dirghanjivitiya-adhyaya). This fact also reveals the 3 कािसने छदनं दात् वरभङ् गे च बिमानु ् । वातेमहरैयु ं तमके त ु िवरचनमे ् ॥ (C.S. importance of Mutra in Ayurveda . In Samhita granthas , among many liquid substances ( Drava Ci. 17/121) drvyas), Mutra varga has been discussed with great This shleshma is corrected by katu and tikta rasa of Aja- importance and significance in purification, preparation & mutra. It’s alkaline pH =7.5 as observed by urine examination application as medicament. More specifically eight types of mentioned earlier by ksharana of kapha, obstructing the mutras (urine) have been enumerated with their specific lumen of tracheo-bronchial tree at various levels, also qualities and application. These animals are commonly contributes in removal of vitiated kapha dosha . Here it is domestic in nature and continued to be used by human being worth to be noted that all urines have general vata-kapha hara as part of their socio-economic and religious life down the property. Further Aja mutra should be used after processed ages in the society. Here in this article an attempt has been with various vata kapha hara drugs. This supports the view of made to establish possible co-relation and interpretations of our acharyas as preached in samhita - तैरय िथतः ेमा ोतविभिवलीयते । खािन मादवमायाित ततो वातानलोमताु ॥ properties of different animal’s urine and their therapeutic indications. (C.S.Ci.17/72) a- Discussion about therapeutic properties of Avi - mutra - • Further the predominant dosha in Shopha is also kapha as Avi- mutra is indicated in kasa, plihodara, shvasa, shosha and mentioned in samhitas - शलं नतऽिनलााहः िपाछोफः कफोदयात् । रागो राच पाकः यादतो दोषैः सशोिणतैः ॥ varcho-graha as is mentioned in samhitas - ू (A.H.Su. 29/6b, 7a) • कासलीहोदरासशोषवचहे िहतम् | सारं ितकटुकमुणं वातनमािवकम् || So by kapha shamaka property aja- mutra is indicated in ||Su.S.Su45/224|| shopha . In shvasa and kasa , the principle doshas involved are vata , • In Pandu and Kamala , the predominant dosha involved kapha or both together, The Avi-mutra has katu and Tikta in pathogenesis is pitta , as mentioned in samhita - rasa which is responsible for kapha-shamana and at the दोषाः िपधानतु यय कु यित धातषु ु । शैिथयं तय धातूनां गौरवं च उपजायते ॥ same time it also posses vataghna property. Avi- mutra is (C.S.Ci.15/4) ushna in nature which nullifies the vitiation of both vata दूय कफवातासवासािनृ करोित तत् । पाडुहारहरतान् वणान् बहिवधांविच and kapha . Thus it act on causative doshas which is ॥(C.S.Ci.15/11) samavayi karana for production shvasa and kasa disease, According to Acharya Charaka the rasa present in Aja mutra thus Avi- mutra checks the disease at it its first step and are kashaya and madhura which have pittashamaka property prevents from further progression. thus it corrects the vitiated pitta and consequently cures • Avi- mutra also has kshara like properties, proved by pandu. It also corrects the vitiated vata and kapha doshas. mean pH-8.5 observed experimentally, which by its Also Aja mutra is pathya. Means which is not harmful for ksharana guna removes the sleshma deposited in various body channels as mentioned in samhita - parts of prana vaha srotas thus provides relief from पथोऽनपेतं पयं यचोः मनसः ियम् । यचाियमपयं च िनयतं तन लयेत् ॥ symptoms like shvasa- kriccha etc. (C.S.Su.25/45) • In Plihodara , the line of treatment mentioned as- Also - ...... सगडाभयाु ं वाऽिप ारारगणांतथा ॥ (C.S. Ci.13/78) पये सित गतातय िकमौषध िनषेवणैः । पयेऽसित गतातय िकमौषध िनषेवणैः ॥ Thus Avi - mutra having alkaline property is beneficial in (वैकजीवन ) plihodara. So if a person practice aja mutra in daily routine, he will not • In pathogenesis of Shosha , the rasavahi srotasa are be supposed to suffer from pandu and kamala , as it cleanses obstructed by kapha so subsequent dhatus are not the body channels and avoid the condition of khavaigunya , the properly nourished leading to shosha, by internal predisposing condition for sthanasanshraya. application of Avi - mutra , it clears the rasavahi srotasa by • In kamala , especially shakhashrita , the passage of pitta ksharana and kapha shamaaka property, leading proper from shakha to koshtha is obstructed by sleshma, here Aja nourishment of all the seven dhatus and consequently mutra hits this shleshma, and causes the proper passage cures shosha. and elimination of pitta through shakrita imparting the • In Varcho-graha (constipation) the predominant dosha normal color to the stool which indicates sufficiency and responsible is vata thus by its ushna and vataghna suitability of the treatment of kamla. Being pathya, means beneficial for body channels, Aja mutra is very much Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 03(03), May-June 2015 19 Gaur et al. UJPBS 2015, 03 (03): Page 18-23

beneficial in kamla. Thus it supports the Acharya तदनेक रससमपनमनु ेकरसं कटुकलवणभूियम् । (च. सू. २६ /८) charaka’s view about the line of treatment of kamala- कटुकत भूियो लवणोऽनरतथाु । (सु. सू ११ /२४ ) ितलिपिनभं यतु वचः सजितृ कामली । ेमणा माग तत् िपं कफहरजै येत् कटुकत भूिय इित त पंचरसे ार े कटुकोऽनरसःु , लवणतभु ूिय इित योयं । (डहण ; ।(C.S.Ci.16/124b, 125a) स.ु सू ११ /२४ ) कटुतीणोणलवणैरभशालृ ैायपमःु || आ िप रागाछकृ तो वायोा शमावेत् | So being alkaline in nature the buffalo urine can correct all the (C.S.Ci.16/130b, 131a) three doshas as per physiological action of rasas over c- Discussion about therapeutic properties of Mahisha - tridosha . In this way buffalo urine can be applied in those mutra - diseases in whose pathogenesis tridosha are involved. Along Mahisha - mutra is indicated to cure Arshas , shopha , Udara with the tridoshaghna action performed due to constitution of roga and Udara shula , Kustha , Prameha , Anaha, Gulma and rasa , kshara is itself tridoshaghna as mentioned by Acharya Pandu . It is having sara guna and alkaline in nature also Sushruta - proved by urine examination (pH =8.5) नानौषिध समवायवात् िदोषन : । (सु. सू ११ /५) अशःशोफोदरनं त सार ं मािहषं सरम् | ( C.S.Su 1/102a) ु • In kustha , the all the three doshas are involved in दनाु मोदरशूलेष ु कु मेहािवशिषु ु | आनाहशोफगमु ेष ु पाडुरोगे च मािहषम् pathogenesis as mentioned in our samhitas - ||Su.S.Su45/222|| वातादययो दाु वं मांसमबु च । दूषयित स कु ानां सको य संहः ॥ • Here Arshas, Udara roga and Gulma these three diseases अतः कु ािन जायते स चैकादशैव च । न चैकदोषजं िकिचत कु ं समपलयतु े ॥( च.िच . are due to decreased digestive fire, as is obvious from ७/९,१० ) description in samhitas- ...... ( . . / ) यो िवकाराः ायेण ये परपर हेतवः । अशािस चाितसार हणीदोष एव च । सव िदोषजं कु ं च िच ७ ३१ एषामिनबले हीने विवृ ृ े परयः । तमादिनबलं रयमेषु िष ु िवशेषतः ॥ So Mahisha-mutra is advised to be used in treatment of यायोरानलोयायु यदिनबलवयृ े । अनपानौषधयं तत् सेयं िनयमशसैः ॥ kushtha . Kushtha is type of obstinate skin disease including (C. S. Ci.14/244,245,247) kushtha . kushthaghna property is also supported by anti fungal So being alkaline in nature it increases the digestive fire property of buffalo urine, which is observed experimentally, discussed in observation and result portion of thesis. Because (आनेयौशिधगणभु ूियवात् कटुकतीणः पाचनो ...... ( स.ु सू. ११ /५) and due to cutaneous mycosis is type of skin disorder exhibiting some or sara guna, it performs vatanulomana (सरोऽनलोमनः ोो ...... ु more characters of kushtha (स.ु स.सू.४६ /५२९ ) thus mahiÒha-mutra satisfies the principle of In Prameha chief dosha involved in pathogenesis is Shleshma treatment of Arshas . specially bahudravah, as desribed in samhita- • Udara roga is also caused by decreased digestive fire as बहवः माे दोष िवशेषः ॥(च.स.िन .४/६) preaches our literatures- बहवः माे दोषिवशेष इित बहव एव कफो मेहजनको नापव इित । (आ.दी ., अिनदोषामनयाणाु ं रोगसङ् गाः पथिवधाःृ । मलवयाृ वतते िवशेषेणोदरािण त ु ॥ च.स.िन .४/६) ………. ……………………… | उदरायपजायतु े मदािननां िवशेषतः ॥ So use of Mahisha-mutra in Prameh a is justified by its वा वेदाबवाहीिनु दोषाः ोतांिस संिचताः । ाणािनऽपानान् संदूय जनययुदरनं णामृ ् ॥ shleshma pratyanika property as per the facts discussed above. (Ca.S.Ci.13/9, 15, 20) e- Discussion about therapeutic properties of Hasti-mutra Again by the virtue of increasing the digestive fire and - cleansing the body channels due to alkalinity mahisha-mutra is indicated in Udara roga treatment. • हाितकं लवणं मूं िहतं त ु ििमकु िनाम् || शतं बिवमूिवषेमामयाशसाम् • Similarly the severity of gulma increases with reduced (C.S.Su.1/102b,103a) digestive strength of Jatharagni and vice-versa as told in • सितं लवणं भेिद वातनं िपकोपनम् | तीणं ार े िकलासे च नागं मूं योजयेत् || our samhitas - (S.S.Su.46/226)| मदऽनौे वधते गमोु दीे चानौ शायित । (C.S.Ci.5/112) Urine of elephant is saline. It is useful against bacterial So having the properties of appetizer, Mahisha-mutra is infection or worm infestation and kushtha (obstinate skin suitable to be used to cure Gulma . diseases including leprosy). It is specifically useful in • In Shopha, the responsible essential dosha is kapha cases of retention of faeces and urine, poisoning, diseases as discussed above, so being alkaline in nature it possesses due to kapha and piles. properties opposite to kapha so use of Mahisha-mutra in The urine of an elephant has a bitter and saline taste. It is shopha is judicial. keen and purgative and subdues the vayu and enrages the d- Discussion about the Rasa of Mahisha-mutra- Pitta . It is commonly used in the treatment of kilasa After scanning of the literature regarding the Ashta mutra , it is (leucoderma) and in the preparation of alkalies. observed that our acharyas preached the rasa of almost all the • For the treatment of krimi , one of the treatment modality mutra among Ashta mutra but not clearly that of Mahisha- is prakrtivighata . For prakitivighata , shleshma and mutra . Here it is point of enthusiasm that acharya charaka purisha pratyanika chikitsa (Ca.S.Ni 7/15) is advocated mentioned the sakshara property in mahisha-mutra , means it because kapha provides favorable medium for worms to is alkaline so that rasa of kshara will be that of Mahisha- grow and nourish. Here by virtue of saline taste ( lavana mutra . The rasa of kshara is combination of five rasas rasa ), elephant urine thins the kapha and also eliminates including madhura, lavana, katu, tikta and kashaya . It is the worms by its property of adhahsramsi (to flow devoid of amla rasa . Inspite of combination of five rasas , katu downwards) and marga as evident from is the principal rasa and lavana is anurasa . description in samhita - Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 03(03), May-June 2015 20 Gaur et al. UJPBS 2015, 03 (03): Page 18-23

लवणो रसः पाचनः लेदनो दीपन ...... सरो Also horse’s urine is useful in kushtha and dadru which can be ... अधःंसी ...... कफं िवयदयित , मागान् justified on the ground of anti-itching and wound healing िवशोधयित .... ।(C.S.Su. 26/3) properties of tikta rasa which is also proved by the antifungal The removal of worms is also facilitated by the property activity against few grown fungi. of being beneficial in constipation and retention of urine. Wound healing ( vranaghna ) property is also attributed to katu rasa ( ...... ( . . / ) of horse urine that • The utility of elephant urine in skin disorders including कटुको रसः णानवसादयित । च सू २६ ४३ leprosy can be explained due its krimighna property can be justified by the presence of which is commonly because the etiology of rakataja krimi and kushtha is recognized as an effective antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agent. When used on a wound, urea causes an similar ( शोिणतजानां त ु खलु कु ैः समानं समथानु ं; ( च. िन . ७/११ )). These osmotic imbalance that kills the bacteria and fungus, proven raktaja krimi can be co-related bacteria responsible for by its antifungal activity recorded experimentally. leprosy and other skin disorders like kitibha and kilasa . h- Discussion about therapeutic properties of Khara- So having antagonistic effect on the krimi the elephant mutra as preached in samhitas- urine is kushthaghna in nature. It is also evident from significant antimicrobial activity observed experimentally • खरमूमपमारोमादहिवनाशनम् ||C.S.Su 1/104b|| against few grown fungi. • गरचेतोिवकारनं तीणं हिणरोगनतु ् | दीपनं गादभं मूं कृ िमवातकफापहम् f- Discussion about therapeutic properties of Ushtra- ||S.S.Su.45/227|| mutra - Use of ass urine cures epilepsy, insanity and demoniac • सितं ासकासनमशनं चौमुयते|| (C.S.Su.1/103b)|| seizures as preached- Also, ass urine is sharp, alleviates artificial poison and mental • शोफकु ोदरोमादमातििमनाशनम् | अशनं कारभं मूं ... disorders, stimulates digestive power, pacifies vata and kapha ...... |(S.S.Su.45/103b) and is anthelmintic. Urine of camel is bitter; and it alleviates shvasa (dyspnoea), Therapeutic actions can be attributed due to different kasa (bronchitis) and piles. properties of ass urine relating the facts discussed above Camel’s urine alleviates edema, kushtha , udararoga , insanity, regarding therapeutic actions of different urine. vata , worm infestation and piles. i- Discussion about therapeutic properties of Gomutra - • Here tikta rasa is dipana and pachana property (ितो रसः • गयं समधरु ं िकिचोषनं ििमकु नतु ् | कडूं च शमयेत् पीतं सयदोषोदर े िहतम् ...... िवषनः किमनो ...... दीपनः पाचनः ृ ||(C.S.Su 1/101)|| ...... लेदमेदोवसाजलसीकापूयवेदमूपुरीषिपेमोपशोषणो ...... । • गोमूं कटु तीणोणं सारवान वातलम् | लविनदीपनं मेयं िपलं कफवातनतु ् || (च.सू.२६ /४३ )) that accounts for increase in the digestive शूलगमोदरानाहिवरु काथापनािदषे ु | मूयोगसायेषु गयं मूं योजयेत्|| (S.S.Su power which is one of the line of treatment of udara and 45/220,221)|| arsha as discussed above. Cow urine is slightly sweet, somewhat alleviates doshas , • Another fact that supports the use of in Udara destroys krimi and kushtha , removes itching and if taken roga that it is laghu in nature that is also observed internally, is beneficial in udara caused by tridosha . experimentally by its least specific gravity (1.003), Cow’s urine is pungent, sharp, hot, does not increase vÁta increasing the appetite and purification of body channels because of alkalinity is light, promotes digestive power and thus dissociate the pathogenesis of udara roga . intellect, increases pitta while decreases kapha and vÁta . In • Due to shleshma upashoshana property of tikta rasa and colic, gulma , udararoga , hardness of bowel, purgatives, non- mÁruta nashana property of camel urine itself, it is unctuous enema etc. where urine is indicated, cow’s urine beneficial in shopha and shvasa - kasa due to the facts should be used. discussed above. Cow urine is reported as an excellent germicide and a potent g- Discussion about therapeutic properties of Ashwa- antibiotic. Therefore, cow urine destroys all the mutra - pathogenic organisms and if it is taken on a daily basis, it • वािजनां ितकटुकं कु णिवषापहम्| (C.S.Su.1/104a )|| boosts immunity. Some of the diseases that are proven to be • दीपनं कटु तीणोणं वातचेतोिवकारनतु ् | आं कफहर ं मूं कृ िमदषु ु शयते || cured by cow urine are Cough, Dysmenorrhoea, Migraine or (S.S.Su.45/225)|| headache, Constipation, Thyroid and Skin diseases like Urine of horse is bitter and pungent; and it cures kushtha eczema, ringworm, and itching, Acne, , Heart Diseases, (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy, ulcers and Musculoskeletal Disorders, Male Sexual Disorders, AIDS, toxic conditions. Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Disorders, Respiratory Disorders, Horse’s urine is pungent, sharp and hot, pacifies kapha , Gastrointestinal Disorders, Endocrine Disorders, stimulates digestive power, alleviates disorders of vata and Gynaecological Disorders, Ophthalmic Disorders, Psychiatric mind and is useful in worm and ring worm. Disorders, Urological Disorders, Asthma, Shrinkage, 4 Here by the property of katu , ( कटुको रसः कृ मीन् िहनित , मांसं िवलखित , Hepatic Disorders and Cancer etc. शोिणतसंघात िभनि ,...... ेमाणं शमयित .... ॥ (च.सू.२६ /४३ )) tikta Biochemical Properties of Chemical Constituent of Cow 5 rasa ( ितो रसः ...... कृ िमनो ..... ेमोपशोषणो ...... ।(च.सू.२६ /४३ )) and Urine : - vata kapha hara property it is advised to be used in the Presence of urea, creatinine, swarna kshar (aurum hydroxide), treatment of krimi as the kapha provide suitable medium for carbolic acid, phenols, calcium and manganese has strongly growth of krimi . explained for exhibition of antimicrobial and germicidal Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 03(03), May-June 2015 21 Gaur et al. UJPBS 2015, 03 (03): Page 18-23 properties of cow. On the other hand uric acid’s antioxidant for treatments. Their scope may be further justified and property and allantoin correlates with its anticancer effect. recognized by providing clear guidelines of uses. Further Urine consumption improves immunity is due to presence of study and research in future on this topic will enhance more swaraea koara and fastens wound healing process which is information and knowledge. due to allantoin. Cardiovascular system is maintained by a number of its attributes as kallikrein acts as a vasodilator, the CONCLUSION enzyme urokinase is a fibrinolyte, ammonia maintains the Although there is misconception about urine and is commonly structural integrity of blood corpuscles, nitrogen, sulphur, believed to be toxic or ‘dirty’, this is not actually the case. sodium and calcium components act as blood purifiers, while Urine is virtually sterile and nearly odorless when it leaves the iron and erythropoietin stimulating factor maintain body. However, afterward, the microbes contaminate the urine haemoglobin levels. It contains nitrogen in very high that converts urea into ammonia responsible for distinctive concentration which acts as a renal stimulant, whereas uric smell of urine. Urea is commonly recognized as an effective acid, phosphates and hippuric acid act as diuretic agents. antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agent. When used on a Presence of copper and calcium promote its anti-obesity and wound, urea causes an osmotic imbalance that kills the skeletal bone health effect. Aurum hydroxide and copper act as bacteria and fungus. Urokinase has fibrinolytic action so antidotes for various poisons in the body as certain poisons useful in cardiac patients having coronary artery disease. can be refined and purified if soaked in gomÚtra for 3 days. According to ancient Indian medical system in general and Guggul (Comniphera mukul ), bhalataka (Semecarpus Ayurveda in particular, it is not necessary to know the name of anacardium ), loha (iron) and silver can be purified and disease, rather it is necessary to know the attributes of aconite ( Aconitum napellus ) detoxified using this cow urine different doshas and their state of imbalance behind different therapy. diseases. Once the aggravated dosha is ascertained, along with 6 Homeostatic Function of Cow urine :- along with its site of manifestation, an integral regimen for Apart from curing diseases, cow urine also helps in reducing such complaints or diseases used to be implemented maintaining the homeostasis of body where it affects certain to resume the balance of tridoshas . However in order to body functions by lowering cholesterol level, relieving augment and replenish the best possible state of health for tension, improving memory, enhancing the functioning of ailing person, Acharyas , relied not only food stuffs alone but liver, slowing the aging process, giving strength to brain, heart also employed certain matters, yet have enormous specific and also destroying the toxic effects of medicinal residues in action against the disease prevention , health maintenance and the body. In fact, if cow urine is taken regularly even without longevity enhancement. Animal’s urine is one of such having any illness, it keeps our body healthy by boosting substance whose taste, digestibility, metabolism, physiological immunity, by eliminating toxic substances through generation action and specific medicinal properties were extensively of antioxidants and scavenging of free radicals. Recent study researched by ancient acharyas and recommended in have proved that cow urine, distillate, re-distillate and alleviating several afflictions of the mankind that has been residues, all exhibit antioxidant activity and that cow urine tried to explain with best possible efforts in present thesis could be a potential source of natural antioxidant that could work. have greater importance as supportive therapy in preventing or Thus it can be concluded that- slowing oxidative stress related degenerative diseases. • Concept of in ayurveda is so scientific. Gomutra therapy provides an especially rich and provocative • Difference in concentration of different physico-chemical research topic. The ancient scriptures of Àyurveda consider constituents of urine samples and antifungal activity cow urine to be the elixir of life. It is the most effective natural between the species of animals recorded, forms the basis remedy and the safest method of treatment bestowed upon us of specific therapeutic indication of Ashta mutras . by nature. • Although the cow urine is holy, easily accessible and Cow urine based formulations would definitely prove to be a more acceptable in the society but at the same time other potential medicine which in turn would reduce the pressure on animal’s urine is also has their own significance. There is the existing use of chemicals and antibiotics. While this need of more interpretations so as to increase the sounds a little unconventional for many, it would be a major credibility of urine therapy. step in disease management. Let’s hope this urine therapy • There are a lot of research works, carried out over could open doors for curing wide range of dreadful diseases gomutra and also a more no. of references mentioned in because as we know it is eco-friendly, economically viable, samhitas than other mutras, shows it’s superiority among and easily available in abundance. the mutra varga as preached in our samhitas . In my study it is observed that Ashta mutra can be used internally for management of certain disease conditions. These REFERENCES different mutra are having different anti-fungal properties 1 which can be correlated with disease alleviation property 1. तत् पनििवधु ं ों जङ् गमौिदपािथवम् || (च.सू. १/६८ ) when applied externally or internally. These different samples 2. 1 तत् पनििवधु ं ों जङ् गमौिदपािथवम् || (च.सू. १/६८ ) of mutra contain inorganic substances which are bioactive and 3. 1………. ऊव मूायौ िनबोध मे । मयािनु यािन िदािन capable to explore physiological activity of living body. सवायाेयशासने || Undoubtedly different mutra as mentioned in Brihat-trayi can अिवमूमजामूं गोमूं मािहषं च यत् । हितमूमथोय हयय च खरय च॥ be recommended for internal as well as external application Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 03(03), May-June 2015 22 Gaur et al. UJPBS 2015, 03 (03): Page 18-23

(च.सू. १/९४ ,९५ ) 11. Sharma RK. and Dash Bhagwan, English translation 4. 1 ISSN 1992-0075© IDOSI Publications, 2008 and critical exposition of Caraka Samhita based on 5. 1 Global Journal of Pharmacology 2 (2): 20-22, 2008 Ayurveda Dipika, Vol I-VII, Chaukhambha Sanskrit 6. 1 Go-Vigyan Anusandhan Kenda. Academic Journal Series Office, Varanasi, Reprint -2009. of Cancer Research. 12. Shastri Ambikadatta: Ayurveda Tatva Sandipika 7. Dwivedi, LD., Dwivedi BK. and Goswami PK.; Hindi Commentary on , Vol I & II, TatvaprakashinÍ Hindi Commentary on Ayurveda Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, Reprint Dipika of Cakrapanidatta and at some places on Edition -2005. Jalpakalpataru of Gangadhara on Charaka Samhita, 13. Shastri, Kashi Nath and Chaturvedi, Gorakha Nath: Vol I-II, Chaukhambha Krishna Das Academy, VidyotinÍ Hindi Commentary on Charaka Samhita, Varanasi, 1 st Edition -2007. Chaukhambha Bharti Academy, Varanasi, Reprint- 8. Murthy KR. Shrikantha; English translation of 2004. Ashtanga Hridaya, Krishanadas Academy, Varanasi, 14. Gupta Atrideva: Hindi Commentary on Ashtanga 2nd Edition -1997. Samgrah, Vol. I & II, Chaukhambha Krishnadas 9. Murthy KR. Shrikantha: English translation of Academy, Varanasi, Reprint Edition -2005. Ashtanga Samgrah, Chaukhambha Orientalia, 15. Gupta Atrideva: Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Varanasi, Edition -1997 Ashtanga Hridaya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, 10. Murthy KR. Shrikantha: English translation of Varanasi, Reprint Edition -2011. Sushruta Samhita,, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 1 st Edition -2001.

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