White Paper Title: Preparing for the Discovery of Life Beyond Earth
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Defenses That Hurt Science ______By Avi Loeb on June 4, 2021
Defenses That Hurt Science _______ By Avi Loeb on June 4, 2021 In the highlighted subtitle of a recent New-York Times Op-Ed, Bret Stephens stated: "Sometimes science is hurt most by those who think they are defending it". This sentiment resonates with many examples that go beyond the topic of his Op-Ed. Let me elaborate. When the nitrogen iceberg model was proposed recently to explain the weird properties of the first interstellar object `Oumuamua, it was immediately embraced by mainstream astronomers with a sigh of relief that the anomalous object was finally explained. We had never seen a chunk of frozen nitrogen floating within the Solar system before, and being detected first - `Oumuamua should represent the most common type of objects ejected by other planetary systems; but this was of little concern for the advocates. Shortly afterwards, my student Amir Siraj and I posted a paper showing that this model requires much more raw material of heavy elements than available in stars within the Milky Way galaxy. This was not a reflection on the previously noted abundance problem for interstellar objects, but a specific deficiency of the nitrogen model - which associates `Oumuamua with a fragment chipped off the surface of a Pluto-like planet around another star. The limited supply of nitrogen on exo-Pluto surfaces and the requirement that the interstellar journey would last just half a billion years - or else most of the nitrogen would evaporate, leads to a mass budget problem. But why should the mainstream worry about a fundamental drawback when the agenda is to sideline the weirdness of `Oumuamua? In another recent Op-Ed, Seth Shostak from the SETI Institute downgraded the scientific credentials of the anticipated report on Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), to be delivered by the Pentagon and various intelligence agencies to Congress this month. -
The Radio Search for Technosignatures in the Decade 2020–2030
Astro2020 Science White Paper The radio search for technosignatures in the decade 2020–2030 Background photo: central region of the Galaxy by Yuri Beletsky, Carnegie Las Campanas Observatory Thematic Area: Planetary Systems Principal Author: Name: Jean-Luc Margot Institution: University of California, Los Angeles Email: [email protected] Phone: 310.206.8345 Co-authors: Steve Croft (University of California, Berkeley), T. Joseph W. Lazio (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Jill Tarter (SETI Institute), Eric J. Korpela (University of California, Berkeley) March 11, 2019 1 Scientific context Are we alone in the universe? This question is one of the most profound scientific questions of our time. All life on Earth is related to a common ancestor, and the discovery of other forms of life will revolutionize our understanding of living systems. On a more philosophical level, it will transform our perception of humanity’s place in the cosmos. Observations with the NASA Kepler telescope have shown that there are billions of habitable worlds in our Galaxy [e.g., Borucki, 2016]. The profusion of planets, coupled with the abundance of life’s building blocks in the universe, suggests that life itself may be abundant. Currently, the two primary strategies for the search for life in the universe are (1) searching for biosignatures in the Solar System or around nearby stars and (2) searching for technosignatures emitted from sources in the Galaxy and beyond [e.g., National Academies of Sciences, Engineer- ing, and Medicine, 2018]. Given our present knowledge of astrobiology, there is no compelling reason to believe that one strategy is more likely to succeed than the other. -
Dr. Seth Shostak
Written Text for Congressional Testimony Advances in the Search for Life Seth Shostak, Senior Astronomer, SETI Institute 189 Bernardo Ave., #200, Mountain View, CA 94043, [email protected] It is no longer considered foolish to argue that biology could exist on some of the trillion other planets in our galaxy. Its discovery would produce a lasting change in our perceptions, demonstrating that life is not confined to our world. We would know that biology is not some sort of miracle, but a commonplace – an ubiquitous, cosmic infection. The discovery of intelligence elsewhere would be of even greater import, as we have always considered humans to be special, even the pinnacle of Creation. To learn that there are others out there – others whose cognitive abilities exceed our own – would be a discovery that would recalibrate how our species views itself. It would also have consequences that can be only vaguely gauged, in much the way that the discovery of the New World led to societal changes that were largely unpredictable at the time of its happening. However, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, known by the acronym SETI, has been pursued for more than a half century with no unambiguous, positive result. We haven’t found conclusive proof of any intelligent (or even unintelligent) life beyond the confines of Earth. Claims that our planet is being visited by alien beings, while popular with the citizenry, are not considered credible by most scientists. However, recent developments in both astronomy and technology are accelerating the speed of SETI searches, and it is hardly fantastic to suggest that we could find evidence of cosmic company within a few decades. -
Edited by Steven J. Dick and Mark L. Lupisella
Edited by Steven J. Dick and Mark L. Lupisella NASA SP-2009-4802 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cosmos and Culture : Cultural Evolution in a Cosmic Context / Steven J. Dick and Mark Lupisella, editors. p. cm. -- (NASA SP ; 4802) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Cosmology--History. 2. Astronomy--History. 3. Culture--Origin. 4. Social evolution. 5. Human evolution. I. Dick, Steven J. II. Lupisella, Mark. QB981.C8263 2009 523.109--dc22 2009004348 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 9 0 0 0 0 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 9 780160 831195 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 9 0 0 0 0 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 9 780160 831195 Table of Contents Introduction – Steven J. Dick and Mark L. Lupisella v Part 1: The Cosmic Context Chapter 1 – Eric J. Chaisson Cosmic Evolution State of the Science 3 Chapter 2 – Steven J. Dick Cosmic Evolution History, Culture, and Human Destiny 25 Part 2: Cultural Evolution Chapter 3 – Kathryn Denning Social Evolution State of the Field 63 Chapter 4 – Daniel C. Dennett The Evolution of Culture 125 Chapter 5 – Howard Bloom The Big Burp and the Multiplanetary Mandate 145 Chapter 6 – John M. -
What Happens When We Detect Alien Life?
SETI research e’ve never heard a peep from aliens. But improved technology is speeding up the search for extra- terrestrial intelligence (SETI), so what happens if today’s silence suddenly gives way to tomorrow’s discovery? Would the world Wrejoice in the news that someone’s out there? Would euphoria engulf humanity, as Nobel Prizes are doled out like after-dinner mints? That’s one view. But many people think the dis- covery would be hushed up as quickly as a Mafia informant, assuming that the public couldn’t handle the news. Or scarier still, kept secret for fear that an unauthorized response would tell a hostile race exactly where to send their interstellar battlewagons. That’s melodramatic enough. But has any serious consideration gone into what happens when our efforts to detect cos- mic intelligence pay off and we find a blip of a signal in the sea of radio noise WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE DETECT that pours into the SETI antennas? Some think that addressing that question — even in a speculative way — is hubristic at best and wildly pre- sumptuous at worst. After all, SETI scientists have been torquing their telescopes toward celestial targets for ALINF E LI E? more than half a century without ever detecting such a signal. If we Scientists have been listening for signals from extraterrestrial haven’t won the E.T. lottery in all that time, why worry about what would civilizations for decades, but what would they do happen if we got the winning ticket? if they actually heard one? Simple: SETI researchers are buy- ing more tickets all the time, and the by Seth Shostak chances of scoring the big one keep going up. -
Curriculum Vitae G. Seth Shostak ______Tel
Curriculum Vitae G. Seth Shostak _______________________________________________________________________ tel. office: (650)-960-4530 e-mail: [email protected] Education Ph.D. astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California B.A. physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey Experience Senior Astronomer, SETI Institute, Mtn. View, Calif. 2001-present Public Programs Scientist, SETI Institute, Mtn. View, Calif. 1991-2001 Cable TV Channel 27, Mtn. View, Calif. 1990-1991 Senior Software Engineer, Mira Technology, Los Altos, Calif. 1988-1989 Director and Founder, Digital Images Computer Animation, Groningen, The Netherlands 1983-1988 Research Associate, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, State University of Groningen, The Netherlands 1975-1983 Senior Systems Analyst, Penn Central Transportation Co., Philadelphia, Penn. 1974-1975 Research Associate, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 1972-1974 Publications Astronomical: More than 60 research papers in refereed, professional journals Film: More than 50 articles for magazines and newspapers on film and video. Author of monthly column on film techniques in European magazines from 1980-1982, and 1985-1990. Science and Technology: Approximately three hundred popular articles published in magazines, newspapers and the Web, on a wide range of topics. Scripts: Several commissioned scripts for public relations videos produced for commercial clients. Two scripts for planetarium shows. Books: Editor of two scientific books, contributor to five popular -
Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence (CETI), Ed
Exoplanets, Extremophiles, and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Jill C. Tarter 1.0. Introduction We discovered the very first planetary worlds in orbit around a body other than the Sun in 1991 (Wolzczan and Frail 1992). They were small bodies (0.02, 4.3, and 3.9 times as massive as the Earth) and presented a puzzle because they orbit a neutron star (the remnant core of a more massive star that had previously exploded as a supernova) and it was not clear whether these bodies survived the explosion or reformed from the stellar debris. They still present a puzzle, but today we know of over five hundred other planetary bodies in orbit around hundreds of garden variety stars in the prime of their life cycle. Many of these planets are more massive than Jupiter, and some orbit closer to their stars than Mercury around the Sun. To date we have not found another planetary system that is an exact analog of the Earth (and the other planets of our solar system) orbiting a solar-type star, but we think that is because we have not yet had the right observing instruments. Those are on the way. In the next few years, we should know whether other Earth mass planets are plentiful or scarce. At the same time that we have been developing the capabilities to detect distant Earths, we have also been finding that life on Earth occurs in places that earlier scientists would have considered too hostile to support life. Scientists were wrong, or at least didn’t give microbes the respect they deserve. -
Women in Astronomy: an Introductory Resource Guide
Women in Astronomy: An Introductory Resource Guide by Andrew Fraknoi (Fromm Institute, University of San Francisco) [April 2019] © copyright 2019 by Andrew Fraknoi. All rights reserved. For permission to use, or to suggest additional materials, please contact the author at e-mail: fraknoi {at} fhda {dot} edu This guide to non-technical English-language materials is not meant to be a comprehensive or scholarly introduction to the complex topic of the role of women in astronomy. It is simply a resource for educators and students who wish to begin exploring the challenges and triumphs of women of the past and present. It’s also an opportunity to get to know the lives and work of some of the key women who have overcome prejudice and exclusion to make significant contributions to our field. We only include a representative selection of living women astronomers about whom non-technical material at the level of beginning astronomy students is easily available. Lack of inclusion in this introductory list is not meant to suggest any less importance. We also don’t include Wikipedia articles, although those are sometimes a good place for students to begin. Suggestions for additional non-technical listings are most welcome. Vera Rubin Annie Cannon & Henrietta Leavitt Maria Mitchell Cecilia Payne ______________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents: 1. Written Resources on the History of Women in Astronomy 2. Written Resources on Issues Women Face 3. Web Resources on the History of Women in Astronomy 4. Web Resources on Issues Women Face 5. Material on Some Specific Women Astronomers of the Past: Annie Cannon Margaret Huggins Nancy Roman Agnes Clerke Henrietta Leavitt Vera Rubin Williamina Fleming Antonia Maury Charlotte Moore Sitterly Caroline Herschel Maria Mitchell Mary Somerville Dorrit Hoffleit Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Beatrice Tinsley Helen Sawyer Hogg Dorothea Klumpke Roberts 6. -
2010 Annual Report Issued 10 January 2011
The SETI League, Inc. 2010 Annual Report Issued 10 January 2011 Offices: 433 Liberty Street Contents: PO Box 555 Little Ferry NJ 07643 USA Vision and Mission Statements 2 A message from our Executive Director 3 Phone: +1 (201) 641-1770 Case for Support 4 Program Service Accomplishments – Science 5 Facsimile: +1 (201) 641-1771 Program Service Accomplishments – Technology 6 Program Service Accomplishments – Public Education 7 Email: [email protected] Program Service Accomplishments – Media and Outreach 8 Trustees and Officers 9 Web: www.setileague.org Financial Highlights 10 Annual Budget – 2011 11 President / 2010 Donors 12 Enrolled Agent: Richard Factor Major Donations, Since Inception 13 Additional Information 14 Executive Director Emeritus: H. Paul Shuch, PhD SETI scientists seek to determine, primarily through microwave and optical measurements, whether humankind is alone in the Secretary/Treasurer: A. Heather Wood universe. Since Congress terminated NASA's SETI funding in 1993, The SETI League and other scientific groups have been at- Board of Trustees: tempting to privatize the research. Experimenters interested in Richard Factor participating in the search for intelligent alien life, or citizens Martin Schreiber, CPA H. Paul Shuch, PhD wishing to help support it, should visit us on the Web at A. Heather Wood <http://www.setileague.org/>, email to [email protected], send a fax to +1 (201) 641-1771, or contact The SETI League, Inc. Advisory Board: Anthony Agnello membership hotline at +1 (800) TAU-SETI. Be sure to provide us Greg Bear with a postal address, to which we will mail further information. Paul Davies, PhD Robert S. Dixon, PhD The SETI League, Inc. -
Ufo Research Evidence and Resources
UFO RESEARCH EVIDENCE AND RESOURCES Copyright © 2020 Ronald Olch Revision 12-18-20 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Five Good Reasons to Believe in UFOs ...................................................... 2 History of the search for intelligent life beyond Earth .................................. 6 The Best Evidence for existence of UFOs/UAPs and for continued study ... 9 UFO sightings at ICBM sites and Nuclear Weapons Storage Areas Including interference with missile launch systems ................................... 13 Large-scale studies of UFOs..................................................................... 14 Scientific Data Collection Efforts ............................................................... 16 UFO Classification Systems ...................................................................... 20 Size and Weight Estimates ....................................................................... 22 Statements about UFOs by Credible Individuals ....................................... 23 Recommended Books and Periodicals ..................................................... 31 Researchers by Primary Field of Interest and Publications ....................... 37 Cerology ("Crop Circles") Research .......................................................... 41 UFO-Related PhD and MS Degrees ......................................................... 43 Compilations of Evidence ........................................................................ -
View As a PDF File
September 2010 onomica tr l A s s A s e o s c i o a J t i EPHEMERIS o n a n S SJAA Alien Life: Wanna Bet? SJAA Activities Calendar Paul Kohlmiller Jim Van Nuland August (late) You can bet on almost anything. The 28 General Meeting at 8 p.m. Our speaker is Dr. Seth Shostak from the SETI Institute. entire science called astrobiology is His talk is on “New Approaches to the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence”. betting that there is life somewhere other than Earth. What are the September odds? Currently the odds on finding 3 Astronomy Class at Houge Park. 7:30 p.m. Topic is TBA. intelligent life are dropping. There 3 Houge Park star party. Sunset 7:33 p.m., 23% moon rises 2:09 a.m. Star party is a betting office online based in hours: 8:30 until 11:30. England that will give odds on finding 4 Dark Sky weekend. Sunset 7:32 p.m., 14% moon rises 3:21 a.m. extraterrestrial intelligent life. It is 11 Dark Sky weekend. Sunset 7:21 p.m., 20% moon sets 9:11 p.m. Henry Coe Park’s called William Hill. They dropped the “Astronomy” lot has been reserved. odds from 1000-1 to 100-1 when the 17 Houge Park star party. Sunset 7:12 p.m., 78% moon sets 2:32 a.m. Star party first almost Earth-like exoplanets were discovered. hours: 8:00 until 11:00. 25 General Meeting at 8 p.m. Slide and Equipment night (aka “Show and Tell”). -
Improving Science Communication
SETI AND THE MEDIA: IMPROVING SCIENCE COMMUNICATION by Carol Ann Oliver Dissertation submitted to the Management Committee For the Master of Sciences Communication Central Queensland University In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Sciences Communication June 2003 2 SETI and the media: Improving science communication Table of contents Page List of tables and illustrations………………………………… 5 Acknowledgements………………………………………….… 9 Abstract…………………………………………………………11 Introduction…………………………………………………..…13 Chapter 1 Scientists, science journalists and the Internet ……………………………………………………………………29 Chapter 2 Science, pseudoscience and public audiences ……………………………………………………………………61 Chapter 3 Communicating uncertainty under media spotlight………………………………………………………….79 Chapter 4 Education, information and the media………..105 Appendices…………………………………………………....129 References…………………………………………………….145 3 4 SETI and the media: Improving science communication List of tables and illustrations Page Chapter 1 Figure 1: A web of communication (from Hargreaves, 2000) (http://www.esrc.ac.uk/esrccontent/PublicationsList/whom/whofirst.html) ………………………………………………………………………………40 Figure 2: The canonical account of science communication (from Bucchi, 1998, p 5)…………………………………………………………44 Figure 3: The Durant model of science communication (Hargreaves, 2000) (http://www.esrc.ac.uk/esrccontent/PublicationsList/whom/whofirst.html) ………………………………………………………………………………45 Figure 4: Suggested model of science communication (Oliver, 2003) ……………………………………………………………………………...48 Chapter