Badger Ideals By Christine Lampe ’92 Global Connections

Three years ago, Europe 2003 was merely an idea bandied about the dining room table of Norway alumni club leader Rolf Paulssen MS’66, PhD’68. But this June, the characteristics and connections that brand — and bind — Badgers were brought to Oslo and taken to a new level.

t’s nearly impossible to go anywhere other at breakfast on the first day of the the Wisconsin Alumni Research Founda- in Wisconsin without spotting a conference, both happy to see a familiar tion, and that the UW Graduate School IUW-Madison T-shirt, Bucky flag, or face. But as she pointed out, “I’ve lived is currently educating students from Motion W license plate. But that’s to be in Hawaii — two thousand miles from ninety-six different countries. They also expected — there are nearly 120,000 the nearest landfall — since 1996 and am learned that the European Union is mov- alumni living in state and, geography always amazed at how frequently UW- ing toward a more flexible attitude on aside, Badgers are a loyal breed. Which is Madison ties surface.” Part of the reason stem cell research, and that companies why it shouldn’t surprise me to hear sto- Maruyama made the trip to Oslo was worldwide will likely adopt the Euro- ries about UW grads all over the world because the conference and subsequent pean model of corporate governance. discovering each other in workplaces, Alumni College Abroad tour in Voss And, true to the spirit of free think- on trains, or as volunteers in the Peace made an attractive vacation package. ing at UW-Madison, they debated: Corps and forming an instant bond. And though she didn’t anticipate meeting whether the UW — or any other entity Yet, as I perused the participant list anyone else she already knew, I had a — should be allowed to own stem cells, before leaving for Europe 2003, the UW’s feeling she would enjoy the new whether it was appropriate for the U.S. international alumni conference, I was connections she was about to make. to bypass the U.N. and wage war in startled to see a familiar name: Lenore Of course, that was a top goal for Iraq, and whether there’s a test for per- Maruyama ’61, MA’62. In 2001, we conference organizers. When Paula sonal integrity that can put truly ethical met on a Wisconsin Alumni Association Bonner MS’78, the Wisconsin Alumni leaders in charge of our companies. educational tour of Australia and New Association’s president and CEO, kicked Through it all, conference attendees Zealand. I smiled to think that we would off Europe 2003’s first session, she said, heeded Bonner’s call, making unex- connect once again, this time in Oslo. “Over the next few days, we look for- pected connections and taking existing Maruyama was just one of 125 par- ward to taking ‘Badger Ideals, Global ties to a new intensity. Europe 2003’s ticipants who expended dollars and Connections’ to the next level.” Hon- most memorable associations were old hours and miles, traveling from twelve orary Chair Paul Collins ’58 followed and new, personal and professional, and different countries to attend Europe that sentiment, saying, “Europe 2003 born in academics and politics. And they 2003. Of course, the trip offered a will be considered a success if you come happened both inside and outside the chance to meet high-profile individuals away feeling it was informative, intellec- classroom. such as stem cell visionary Jamie tually stimulating, and enjoyable.” Many facets of the conference illus- Thomson, U.S. Ambassador to Norway Neither host need have worried. trated ways that Wisconsin-Norwegian John Doyle Ong, and Perditlev Simon- Conference attendees learned that partnerships have flourished over hun- sen, the mayor of Oslo. But the more I the Wisconsin Idea — the renowned dreds of years. And from the very first talked with participants during our stay, Badger ideal, which involves extending day, Europe 2003 participants could note the more it became apparent that in their the intellectual capital of the university a deepening of these long-standing rela- own ways, each had anticipated this to the entire state and beyond — has tions. When UW-Madison Chancellor conference as an opportunity to revive become increasingly global in nature. John Wiley MS’65, PhD’68 spoke at the traditions and make new connections. They learned, among other impressive welcome reception in Oslo’s City Hall, That was certainly true for facts, that each year, UW faculty make he said, “I’m convinced that success Maruyama. We caught up with each three hundred invention disclosures to belongs to institutions that forge alliances

22 ON WISCONSIN statements impressed Norwegian club leader Rasmus Falck MBA’69, and he passed her name along to the Norwegian University Women, an organization of professional women who are part of the PHOTO: STURLAFSON, OSLO Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry. Poncini-Jimenez extended her stay in Oslo to address the group on the following Monday, and was thrilled at the additional opportunity to convey her message about gender equity. “The UW has always been global in thinking — I learned that from another interna- tional student thirty-five or forty years ago,” she said. “But the only way to effect a true paradigm shift is to continue having conferences like this one.” I was so busy noting the nuances John Doyle Ong, U.S. Ambassador to Norway; Soren Sommerfelt, former Norwegian ambassa- that made Europe 2003 memorable that dor to the U.S.; Knut Vollebaek, Norwegian Ambassador to the U.S. and Alfred Defago, former I didn’t sit down to talk with Maruyama Swiss Ambassador to the U.S., prepare for their panel discussion on transatlantic relations. again until the final event of the confer- ence, the gala dinner reception at Hol- — within a university, with other univer- a stir — both in the classroom and in menkollen Park, home to Norway’s most sities, and internationally.” His words the community. An esteemed panel famous ski jump and renowned for its alluded to a ceremony that would take addressed the issue of transatlantic spectacular views of the city. We recalled place the following day, making the Uni- relations, and Norway’s two leading our earlier conversation, and Maruyama versity of Oslo the first European uni- TV channels — NRK and TV2 — were chatted about the new acquaintances versity outside of Britain invited to join there to cover it. For starters, the panel she’d made — and, to her surprise, some the Worldwide Universities Network. featured such high-ranking officials as old ones, too. “Many of the participants This consortium was created in response Ambassador Ong; Alfred Defago, former who had attended the first International to the challenges of globalization, bring- Swiss ambassador to the U.S.; and Knut Alumni Convocation in Madison in 1999 ing together research-led universities and Vollebaek, former Norwegian foreign were also on this trip,” she said. “We corporate partners to address complex minister and current ambassador to reconnected in Oslo.” problems of international concern. the U.S. It was the first time Ong and A few weeks later, when Maruyama Of course, business connections Vollebaek had been seen together in had returned from Europe 2003 and the were a focus throughout the conference, public since the countries’ disagreement Alumni College Abroad trip that followed culminating at the gala dinner, where over how to handle Iraq. in Voss, she e-mailed me a postscript to Wisconsin Department of Commerce A frank and engaging discussion our last exchange. “When we last talked, representative Mary Regal ’78 presented ensued about the relationship between I was anticipating beautiful scenery in Arne Martin Bolstad ’67, MS’69, a Europeans and the U.S. concerning such Voss, and I was not disappointed. In ret- leader in the Alumni Club of Norway, issues as terrorism, the war in Iraq, and rospect, I realize that each day in Norway with a document inducting the chapter the role of NATO. That evening, NRK brought forth something more spectacu- as an Honorary State Promotion Office. quoted Ong as saying, “Any relationship lar than the day before,” she wrote. Under this agreement, the club will help can get better, and I’m sure that goes for Maruyama’s is one of many stories pursue opportunities for joint economic U.S.-Norwegian relations as well. I that came to life at Europe 2003. Those development and serve as a resource for believe there is potential for continued I’ve missed are probably being told right Wisconsin businesses in Norway. As development of mutual interests and now over cubicle walls, on a train, or via Bolstad accepted the certificate, he said, mutual gain.” e-mail. And somewhere in the world, it’s “This is a huge surprise. On behalf of all That same afternoon, Conchita dinnertime, where one of these stories club members, I will use this tool to Poncini-Jimenez MS’64 brought her will spark the sequel to this conference repay (Wisconsin) for all we’ve earned.” own distinct perspective to transatlantic of invaluable connections. While the daily discussions at Europe relations, addressing the role that women

2003 were engaging, not all were easy. can — and have — played in the peace Christine Lampe ’92 is the senior copy writer for the Day two of the conference caused quite movement throughout history. Her Wisconsin Alumni Association.

FALL 2003 23 Coming of Age BY EMILY CARLSON

WHEN PARENTS STEP INTO THE Even though this learning disguised a legacy of education, research, and UW Preschool Laboratory, they glimpse as “domestic science” leaves its students service centered on improving human a world of make-believe, where balls of with just as much — if not more — life, particularly that of the family. pink yarn become scoops of strawberry knowledge about the world in which “A lot of what we do here is family ice cream and where rectangular blocks they live, the School of Human Ecology related in the broadest sense,” explains turn into cell phones. To the outsider and has struggled to be recognized for all its Douthitt. “As goes the family, so goes even to the children, it’s all play. But to contributions by the outside world, civilization. We’re very proud that we’ve the preschool’s teachers and some uni- including the university. recognized this throughout our history.” versity researchers, it’s learning disguised Over the years, this struggle has The focus during much of this history, as fun. resulted in three administrative shifts, however, has centered on women — “It looks like play, but the children are four physical moves, and four unique improving their daily lives and expand- busy learning everything,” says Jackie names. While each change has helped the ing their future roles. Leckwee ’75, MS’78, director of the school develop into what it is today, many All this began in 1903, when UW- preschool. “Pretend play is a huge compo- people still think that its primary mission Madison received $7,500 from the Wis- nent of what they do every day. They take is to train the next generation of home- consin legislature to develop a domestic on roles so they can understand them.” makers and home economics teachers. science department. Part of the College By turning a classroom’s corner into “We want to have people understand of Letters and Science, the new Depart- an ice cream parlor, for instance, the what it is we do and that it’s more than ment of Home Economics offered its first youngsters learn about colors, flavors, vocational training,” says SoHE Dean classes the following spring. Courses shapes, money, and how to interact with Robin Douthitt, adding that only twenty included house sanitation, house decora- others. This knowledge, nestled inside of the school’s current 1,009 undergradu- tion, selection and preparation of foods, games and activities, starts children ates are preparing to teach life manage- dietetics, and household economy. All down the path toward discovering the ment skills at the high school level. thirty-four students were women. world around them and the real roles “The challenge is to get them to see us While they would learn about domes-

JEFF MILLER(2) they will play in it one day. for who we are.” tic activities, such as decorating and This educational philosophy applies Today, SoHE resides on Linden cooking roast beef at the proper temper- to more than just the preschool. In fact, Drive in a building that it once shared ature, the students were required to the School of Human Ecology (SoHE) with UW Extension. With forty-two fac- complete one year of college chemistry — the administrative parent of the pre- ulty, many of whom have joint appoint- before admission to the program. They school — has followed this style of learn- ments across campus, and eight majors ing for nearly one hundred years. When within five departments, the school While studying how humans it offered its first courses in the spring of strives to improve the quality of human 1904, students spent class time cooking life by studying people in their natural in laboratory kitchens and sketching environments. This is human ecology. adapt and thrive in their natural different room arrangements. “All of the biological sciences now Someone peeking through the win- understand that living things are best environment, the School of Human dows of South Hall, where the school understood by studying them in their started out, might have assumed these natural habitats — where they live,” says undergraduates — all of whom were David Riley, SoHE professor of human Ecology itself has evolved, paralleling women — simply played homemaker, development and family studies. just like the children at the preschool For Riley and other faculty on cam- a changing society and finding do today in small, plastic houses. But to pus, the preschool laboratory is a perfect people familiar with the home economics setting for studying child development in program, the young women who enrolled action. He says, “It’s a natural habitat its place in academia. in the classes learned about chemistry, where we can study children through Playing — from being doctor bacteriology, sociology, health, architec- direct observation.” and patient (left) to captur- ture, and economics. Their education SoHE may have more space, stu- ing imagination on paper (above) — is how children taught them about the families and busi- dents, and administrative independence learn at the school’s nesses that, in time, many would start. than it did a century ago, but it upholds Preschool Laboratory.

ON WISCONSIN 24 FALL 2003 25 were accepted under the same conditions — a precursor of today’s electric slow not a lab coat — the onlooker might have Douthitt. “We took on more of a focus more mothers went to work — we department into a school within the Col- as students applying to other programs. cooker. Huntington, along with students assumed the cottage was not a working on homemaking.” needed to be more flexible.” Today, lege of Agriculture. Effective July 1, And, to graduate, the home economics in the department, performed a number laboratory, but a playhouse. But during this time, the department the preschool offers full-day programs 1951, it became the School of Home majors had to take at least forty-seven of experiments to test the ability of foods The school has always been commit- experienced its greatest growth in terms throughout the year. Furthermore, grow- Economics with four departments: cloth- credits in the sciences, including biology, to hold heat. They also determined the ted to academics and research, but not of courses, space, and outreach efforts. ing interest in early childcare for babies ing and textiles, foods and nutrition, physiology, and organic chemistry. advantages of cooking food below the many people have known this, says While it did not add a biochemistry and one-year-olds encouraged SoHE in home management and family living, and These rigorous requirements estab- boiling point. And, just like students in Douthitt. Many parents allowed their program — as had been proposed by 1999 to open an infant program at the related art. Four years later, the school lished by Caroline Hunt, the depart- departments across campus, those in daughters to attend the home economics the department’s second director in an preschool’s second site, on Madison’s added a fifth: home economics education ment’s founding director and first faculty domestic science wrote theses, often program, adds the dean, because they effort to retain students interested in the west side. Leckwee says, “We’re staying and extension. member, set the school up as a training based on original research. thought the young women would learn sciences — it did create new majors in with the times.” A campuswide advisory committee, ground for not just wives and mothers, In some instances, the students how to be wives and mothers. communications, and child development. Under the auspices of the College of however, suggested a different direction but also for scientists, researchers, and carried out this research in one of the “Many alumnae have said that they It also added new facilities: practice Agriculture, the department served the for the new school. In 1967, it recom- other professionals. school’s practice cottages, the first of didn’t choose this program, that their cottages, a tearoom and cafeteria, and a community in other ways. It reached mended the school change its name to Hunt had trained in chemistry at the which was purchased in 1911. Working parents did,” she recalls. “In many ways, nursery school that grew into today’s wives and mothers throughout the area one that put more emphasis on research, graduate level and conducted original laboratories complete with modern the program made it acceptable for these preschool laboratory. with the radio show called the Home- and become an independent unit within research published by government agen- kitchens and living quarters, these cot- young women to go to college.” What In all these places, students gained makers’ Program, which eventually aired the university. So within the next six cies. Perhaps because of her experiences, tages provided students with a simulated parents didn’t realize, says the dean, is hands-on experience. At the nursery five times a week on WHA. Students years, the School of Home Economics she stressed the importance of grounding environment where they could apply and that their children learned much more school, for instance, dietetics students were involved in the sanitation, quaran- switched to the name of School of Family the home economics program in practice theories learned in their classes. than vocations. prepared meals and watched the children tine, and feeding of female influenza Resources and Consumer Sciences, con- academics — not domesticity. For short periods, dietetics students As the program pushed toward eat, and students in child development patients in 1918. And, during World verted the remaining practice cottage “Hunt set high standards for the cur- lived in the cottage, where they planned, establishing an identity that reached observed the children at play and wrote War II, some students organized a into office and classroom space, and riculum. She and the other early women purchased, prepared, and served meals beyond home economics, administrative reports on what they learned. Clothes Clinic to teach others how to became an autonomous unit. faculty members were scientists trained for themselves and two instructors. The moves altered its course. The preschool also extended the repair and reuse clothing for conserva- Looking back on its history, Douthitt in economics, biology, and chemistry,” kitchen, though, usually dished up more In 1908, the board of regents voted department’s growing commitment to tion purposes. says, “Our legacy would have been dif- says Douthitt. “They had a view of how than dinner; it served as a chemistry to transfer the department from L&S to outreach. Started at the behest of neigh- By 1941, the home economics ferent had we not become part of the important it was to open up opportuni- laboratory for class experiments on food the College of Agriculture. The change borhood mothers in 1926, the nursery department had 675 students. And, in agricultural school.” But she admits that ties for women in higher education. preparation, nutrition, and sanitation. also brought several physical moves — school provided a learning environment 1947, it admitted its first male student, the program’s independence marked a They themselves had worked so hard Looking inside the windows of the from South Hall to Agriculture Hall, and day care program for young chil- Paul Cleary ’55 (he served in the Marine significant moment in the school’s his- to get there.” first practice cottage, which was origi- then to the attic of Lathrop Hall, and dren, whose parents were not necessarily Corps from 1950 to 1953). He was not tory. “Autonomy was important symboli- From the very beginning, faculty nally located at the corner of Randall finally to the east wing and fourth floor affiliated with the university. As society’s expected or even allowed to live in the cally,” she says. “We had always been and their students conducted research. Avenue and Linden Drive, an observer of the Home Economics and UW needs changed, so too did the preschool. practice cottage, at that time called the looked upon as a women’s program and The earliest project dates back to 1908, might have spied a woman standing by Extension building, completed in 1914. “In the old days, it was part time, Home Management House. seen as being incapable of running it. when Ellen Alden Huntington, assistant the stove, setting the table, or washing “Moving us to the [agriculture] part year,” says Leckwee, the current Because of its continued growth, For the program to be autonomous and to Hunt, evaluated the “fireless cooker” dishes. Seeing her dressed in an apron — school was a major change,” says director. “But as society changed — as the university regents voted to turn the not perceived — whether real or not —

BIRTH & FIRST ics: A Course of Lectures 1908 THE GROWING in market nomics, making her the 1924 1926 STEPS 1895 – 1908 in the School of Econom- Research in home econom- YEARS 1909–39 cost, in prepa- first recipient of a gradu- Home economics is The Dorothy ics of the University of ics begins with Ellen Alden ration and ate degree in the field. divided into three depart- Roberts Nursery Wisconsin. Huntington’s publication of loss in cook- The title of her thesis is “A ments: foods and adminis- School is estab- The Fireless Cooker. ing.” Alice study of infant mortality tration, clothing and lished at the Loomis grad- of Madison.” textiles, and applied arts. request of June 1903 uates with anSarah Applied arts is soon some neighbor- Upon the Spring 1908 Lunch room, 1923 MA in agri- Sutherland The Practice renamed related arts. hood mothers. recommen- The board of regents votes cultural chemistry. Her the- 1911 Cottage, After spending dation of to transfer the Department sis is on the “Effect of high The university purchases a c. 1912 helpers, “They certainly a year in Luther President- of Home Economics to the and low percentages of fat small house near Agricul- were jewels, and worked Memorial Dorothy Roberts Nursery One of the earliest elect Charles College of Agriculture. It upon the digestibility by ture Hall and remodels it. like Trojans, being excused photographs of the 1914 October 1918 Church, it moves in 1927 Van Hise, soon forces the resignation It becomes the depart- home economics pepsin of the rennet curd A permanent research Students in the home eco- from classes during the to a porch added to the May 1932 the board of of Caroline Hunt. No classes ment’s Practice Cottage. department, probably Caroline Hunt of milk.” She tradition begins with nomics department help crisis. The result is that Practice Cottage. The first PhD is granted regents names Caroline are offered in the 1908–09 taken during Caroline Vitamin C, 1927 becomes an instructor Amy Daniels, care for influenza patients. the home economics to Julia Frank Nofsker, in Hunt's tenure. Hunt professor of home year. instructor in the who uses graduate stu- They are department has come education and home economics, with her salary home economics into its own.” for a part year set at June 1910 dents to begin experi- involved in 1926–29 economics. department. mental work on the the sanita- Spring 1895 $1,000. Sarah Sutherland becomes The first Homemakers’ effects of preparation tion, quaran- the first graduate of the Program is broadcast dur- Helen Campbell gives a methods on nutrients tine, and 1923 program when she earns ing these years. By 1929, series of lectures titled in food. The home eco- feeding of A tearoom and cafeteria is a BS degree. The title of her the program is aired five “Synoptical Lectures in January 1904 June 1911 nomics department female established in the home A student uses the thesis is “A study of the Sanborn Metabolism times a week on WHA. Household Economy,” The regents vote to make Katherine Agnes moves into a new build- patients. AbbyAbby Marlatt, Marlatt the economics building, pro- methods of cooking the Apparatus to measure later published under the domestic science a depart- Donovan earns an ing it shares with UW department’s director, viding students with expe- rump of beef showing cost, basal metabolism. title Household Econom- ment in the College of MS in home eco- Extension. later writes about the rience in institutional Letters and Science. management. Homemakers’ Program Food class, c. 1909 Design class, c. 1910

26 ON WISCONSIN FALL 2003 27 as needing oversight by a predominantly in retailing, consumer science (including through a research survey that female three years old also receive the bulletin. Although the school now occupies all Whether outsiders looking into the male unit was a good thing.” personal finance and consumer affairs), faculty members were twice as likely to Parents in fifteen other states, parts of of the building it originally shared with school recognize all its depth may be However, one of the disadvantages textile and apparel design, interior resign as their male counterparts, Canada, and cities in Great Britain also UW Extension, plus the old practice cot- beside the point. What counts, however, of such independence, says Douthitt, is design, family and consumer journalism, Douthitt mailed letters to junior and sen- receive it. Plus, English and Spanish tage, the growing number of students, are the contributions it has made and that the foods and nutrition program — human development and family studies ior women faculty asking if they would versions are available on the Internet. faculty, and their related research continues to make to its students — may originally part of the home economics (with child development and family like to participate in a program designed The latter version, says Riley, receives stretches the school’s seams. Plans are they be preschoolers or undergraduates department — remained part of the studies), human ecology, and family and to support the female teaching commu- about three hundred hits per day from under way to redesign the current build- — and society at large. Over the years, agriculture school, which by then had consumer education. The majors span nity at the university. Latin America. ing, establishing more space for projects. SoHE has trained teachers, researchers, been renamed the College of Agricul- five departments: consumer science; “I was bombarded with positive “The original goal of the parenting Douthitt expects this endeavor to raise and entrepreneurs. Its commitment to tural and Life Sciences. environment, textiles and design; family responses,” recalls the dean. When the newsletter was to provide tips to parents the school’s profile even more. improving human life has been achieved “Most universities have foods and and consumer communications; human group gathered for its first meeting at the in rural Wisconsin who were isolated “Our faculty have spider legs across every day for the last one hundred years nutrition in human ecology,” explains development and family studies; and University Club, “the room was filled,” from centers or resources,” says Riley. campus,” she says. “While they and their through research and service-learning Douthitt. “This made our curriculum interdisciplinary studies. she recollects. “Everyone just stood and “Combine the newsletter with its online research may be well known, their home projects. less interdisciplinary.” These specialties, then and now, smiled. It was the first time women presence, and suddenly we end up base is not.” She explains that the “We’re brought together by our It might have lost a discipline or two, bring together faculty from a range faculty had come together,” Today, the serving the whole world.” researchers, squeezed for space at SoHE, mission of trying to enhance the quality but the school’s curriculum became even of disciplines, often leading to unique program includes about one hundred In a renewed effort to match its name have established projects and centers of life,” says Douthitt. “We’re directed more diverse. With the focus shifting interdisciplinary projects. mentoring pairs. to its far-reaching mission and interdisci- elsewhere on campus. “What we’re by our strong interests in teaching from vocational to professional training, “I used to kid former Chancellor A service project by human plinary identity, the school underwent trying to do is bring resources back to and research.” courses reached into new academic David Ward that he got the idea of the development and family studies profes- its most recent name change in 1996. It the school so faculty can conduct their In the coming years, the school will areas, including financial planning and ‘cluster hire’ from us. We have always sor David Riley targets a different became the School of Human Ecology. work here. Our research will be far more continue to grow and evolve. Perhaps consumer economics. In 1961, the school brought people together from many audience — parents of newborns and “Part of the reason for all the name visible that way than having it diffuse its name will change again or it will offered twelve majors. Its department different disciplines,” says Douthitt. toddlers throughout the world. Riley, changes is to differentiate ourselves from on campus,” she says. incorporate more majors into its overall gained more independence in developing Smiling, she adds, “We’re delighted to along with UW Extension, developed vocational training,” says Douthitt. During this remodeling, the curriculum. Perhaps passersby peeking curricula, resulting in coursework geared see the rest of the campus doing it.” a series of instructional newsletters “When people hear home economics, Preschool Laboratory will expand into a through the windows of the new toward specialties, such as interior and Along with more specialized mailed monthly to parents with infants. they think high school home economics.” more modern learning environment, as building will witness all the school’s textile design. Beginning in the 1960s, research interests, new outreach efforts As “just in time” bulletins, the news- But another important rationale for well as an updated research facility. “It’d dimensions. the core curriculum included twelve to improve the lives of women, along letters present parenting tips and switching names was to align the be great to see a modern facility so the But one thing is certain: the school, credits of science-related courses. Today, with their families, have emerged. information on infant development school with similar programs at other next generation of early childhood whatever it’s called or wherever it’s students are required to take just nine. While some reach only the university that’s specific to certain ages. institutions that vie for the same research can occur,” says Seth Pollak, a housed, will shape the lives of the next “We’re training fewer generalists community, others reach globally. Started in 1982, the newsletter now students and faculty, adds the dean. UW-Madison psychology professor who generation of people who step inside. than before, because that’s what the In 1989, Douthitt, then an assistant reaches more than forty thousand Wis- SoHE’s competitors include Cornell studies emotional development. More market demands,” says Douthitt. professor of consumer science, helped to consin families with babies under one University, the University of Minnesota, than eight of his research projects have Emily Carlson doesn’t remember what she learned in The school has consolidated some of launch the Women Faculty Mentoring year old. About fifty thousand families in Penn State University, and Ohio State involved children who have attended preschool, but she does know she had a blast catching these majors. It now offers eight majors Program at UW-Madison. After learning the state with children between one and University. the preschool. ladybugs and pretending to cook.

GAINING CHALLENGES March 1970 A NEW BEGINNING 1989 INDEPENDENCE AND SUCCESS William H. 1974–CURRENT Professor Robin Douthitt 1939–1961 1961–1974 Marshall, the launches Women Faculty school’s director, Mentoring Program. She is writes a letter to appointed Ruth Henderson teach- 1955 extension brochure the director of dean in ing an extension course in Greece, the Wisconsin 2001. c. 1953 $975,000. The school Utilities Associa- Gallery of moves in during May Three graduate students tion informing Design 1943 1951 1953. conducting nutrition him that he Robin research, 1962 would like to Douthitt Fall 1991 2003 A major in child develop- 675 students Helen Louise Allen teaching weaving abandon the use of the School opens gallery to 1,107 students, 8 majors, ment is introduced as a joint 1955 committee, the school is August 1968 Home Management exhibit processes and 42 faculty program among several 1951–53 A fifth department is told to place more empha- Faculty member Helen House as a live-in practice results of design. departments, including The west wing of the added: home economics For more information Home Management sis on research, focus on Louise Allen passes away. cottage and instead use House home economics. Home Economics Building education and extension. Consumer science about SoHE or its history, improving its graduate She bequeaths her collection it for office space and students at the resource is built at a cost of A woman works on an July 1996 visit: program, and adopt a of textiles to the university. classrooms. library of the Department Indian printed textile in The name School of http://sohe.wisc.edu or Spring 1941 April 1951 1957 the school’s collection new name. of Justice's Consumer Protection Division, Human Ecology is adopted. http://uwsohecentennial. The regents vote to make The current Preschool The Home Management c. 1975 FRCS graduate student com the department into a Laboratory building is built Grace Tonge publishes House is finished. It con- 1961 May 1968 July 1, 1973 2000 tinues to be used for School of Home Economics between Agriculture Hall Ten Dynamic Women with 49 faculty and 8 majors The name of the school The school becomes an A second preschool site is practical live-in training effective July 1, 1951. and the Home Manage- funding from the Meta Frances Zuill, head of the ment House. changes to the School of autonomous unit, admin- Schroeder Homemaker established to provide care until 1970. Fund. department, is named December 1967 Family Resources and Con- istered by a dean and an for infants as well as associate dean in the Home Economics Building After review conducted by sumer Sciences (FRCS). associate dean. toddlers. College of Agriculture. after the construction of the 1958 a campuswide advisory Textiles class, c. 1975 west wing The course catalog drops gender-specific pronouns. 28 ON WISCONSIN FALL 2003 29 UWUW anthropologistanthropologist NeilNeil WhiteheadWhitehead nevernever intendedintended toto studystudy thethe shamansshamans whowho poisonpoison andand attackattack peoplepeople inin SouthSouth America.America. ButBut allall thatthat changedchanged whenwhen theythey camecame afterafter him.him.

By David Tenenbaum MA’86 t was during his interviews with dark sorcerers in South America that UW-Madison anthropologist Neil Whitehead finally reached a line he would not cross. At the sorcerers’ insistence, he’d paid for the Iinterviews. Although that’s something that anthropologists are loath to do, the payments, as it turned out, were the least of his difficulties. The men who stood before Whitehead claimed to be kanaimàs, dark sorcerers of the Guyana highlands who mutilate and poison their victims as part of gruesome and highly ritualized murders. Whitehead, an expert on violence among South and Central American tribes, had read about kanaimà (which refers to both the people who perform the killings and the practice itself), but he assumed the lurid descriptions were exaggerations that colonists told each other to justify subjugating native peoples. Were these men telling the truth, or were they just trying to hustle a fast buck by impressing the big-time professor from the United States? It was hard to know — but this also wasn’t Whitehead’s biggest problem.

In the early 1990s, when Whitehead You don’t see a pith helmet in Neil first traveled to Guyana, he had no Whitehead’s office overlooking Lake interest in hearing about such stomach- Mendota, nor a poster from an Indiana turning practices. He had landed in the Jones movie. He’s a different sort of country, located on the north coast of swashbuckling anthropologist. Think South America, to catalogue artifacts Harrison Ford with a splash of Anthony and sites of anthropological interest. But Hopkins. Picture a slightly tweedy within an hour of arriving in a highland character with an unabashed interest in village, he found himself talking to a mysterious places and dark tales. nurse who told him that she had treated The forty-seven-year-old professor the men’s victims. On average, she told grew up in London, the son of a publisher him, kanaimàs killed one victim in that of technical journals and a homemaker. region every year. Focusing on conflict, he says, was a natu- The bizarre practice, like much ral outgrowth from the headlines of his else about the Guyana highlands, youth. “I grew up during a very lively ter- had remained hidden from the world rorist war with the IRA [Irish Republican because the government “had neither Army],” he says, “and I believe the world the resources nor the knowledge to do The professor focused his has gotten more like that as time goes by.” anything,” Whitehead says. But he soon His PhD research at Oxford University came to believe it was still taking place studies on conflict, rather concerned the Caribs, ferocious natives — and his belief was based on personal than the more traditional of Central America and the Caribbean, experience. On the first days of that whose name supplied the root for both research trip, Whitehead unknowingly anthropological subjects Caribbean and cannibal. triggered the ire of one or more such as culture, clan, Whitehead’s studies led him to con- kanaimàs. That, he believes, incited them clude that, while the European explorers to poison him, ultimately pushing him to and belief. considered the Caribs to be cannibals, understand what had happened. those opinions were suspect. A couple And so, a few years later, Whitehead of decades after 1492, the year Queen perhaps he’d like to attend a murder. sat surrounded by men who presented Isabella sent Columbus across the ocean Then, after the body had putrefied for a him with a dilemma — one we might call and evicted the Jews from Spain, she few days, he could return and sample the an “invitation problem.” As a rule, permitted Spanish conquistadors to pineapple-scented fluid of decay, which, anthropologists try to immerse them- usurp land from “cannibals” without pay- they explained, was a key goal of the selves in the cultures they study, and ment. The edict, says Whitehead, created entire ritual. living among — even working with — a huge financial incentive to “discover” Whitehead obviously had certain research subjects is a hallowed tradition. cannibalism among the “savages” of powers, and a compelling interest in But as Whitehead pressed for details in Central and South America. kanaimà, the men noted. Wasn’t he his hurried interviews with the men, they The experience led Whitehead to interested in becoming a dark sorcerer? responded with an invitation. If he was focus his studies on conflict, rather than so fascinated by the practice, they said, •••• the more traditional anthropological

MARC MUENCH FALL 2003 31 subjects such as culture, clan, and belief. first day of hiking through the Examining the ways that people and The work mountains, however, he had his mind cultures clash allows “anthropology to changed for him. speak to the central problems of our culminated with The professor and his Patamuna society, not bury itself in rather obscure associates entered a cave that held a truths,” he says. thethe publicationpublication solitary, ceramic urn containing several However, he soon discovered of a chilling old bones. The Patamuna treated the urn that discussions about violence are with awe, and refused to touch it. White- surrounded by taboos. “Our attitude account of ritualized head, however, not only moved the urn and knowledge about violence are where to take a photo, but also removed one of they were about sex thirty to forty years mutilation and murder the bones. That action, as it turned out, ago,” he says. — but also a compelling sealed his fate, guaranteeing that he Indeed, Whitehead’s new book, Dark would soon have a deeply personal Shamans: Kanaimà and the Poetics of Violent interpretationinterpretation ofof interest in kanaimà. Death, contains descriptions of kanaimà why the practice The Patamuna interpreted White- horrendous enough to be taboo in many why the practice head’s behavior as an announcement that publications. This story, too, avoids some has endured. he was either a kanaimà himself or one of the harsher details, but interested of their enemies. His actions, he believes, readers can consult the book for more motivated his new enemies — presum- explicit descriptions. ably directed by kanaimàs — to poison In 1992, a year before joining the him. Their intent was not murder, White- faculty at UW-Madison, Whitehead head says, which they easily could have made his fateful trip to the Guyana accomplished through their knowledge highlands, a forested part of the of natural poisons. Instead, he believes, southern region of the country. their goal was to threaten him about Although part of Guyana, the being too nosy. area has closer economic and The attack, delivered in the form social relations to the Amazon of a meal, caused several weeks of basin of Brazil, to the south. Once serious gastrointestinal problems, predominantly populated by Patamuna, and it helped persuade Whitehead a fairly traditional people, the highlands that the nurse was right. That realiza- have faced incursions from miners, tion, followed quickly by scientific who have been moving north from the curiosity, locked him into a decade of Amazon region. investigating — though never personally Whitehead was planning to survey practicing —the deadly rituals of dark the highlands, assembling a list of old sorcery. During the next five years, he villages, burial sites, and caves with arti- revisited the area, talking with the facts for the aid of future researchers. families of victims and buying interviews No sooner had he arrived, however, with a few men who claimed to be than the local nurse implored him to kanaimàs. The work culminated with the shift his attention to kanaimà. She publication of Dark Shamans, a chilling insisted that kanaimàs were still account of ritualized mutilation and mur- stalking, bludgeoning, poisoning, and der — but also a compelling interpreta- mutilating their victims on forested fangs, mutilating the mouth and anus with tion of why the practice has endured. mountain paths. sharp objects, and inserting toxic plants That story is full of contradictions. Kanaimàs, Whitehead learned, usually into the anus. “The sheer violence of the Kanaimà is murder, an illegal act, and an didn’t immediately kill their victims, pre- attack,” Whitehead says, “is meant to extreme example of dark shamanism. ferring to first maim and intimidate by drive out the life force of the person.” Yet other shamanic practices are seen as breaking victims’ fingers or dislocating Even with medical treatment, victims die healing, both in Guyana and elsewhere. their necks. After the victim endured a an excruciating, lingering death. “Kanaimà is part of the eternal battle few months or years of pain, the kanaimàs Initially, although the nurse was in between light and dark shamanism,” would mount a ferocious killing attack, a position to know, Whitehead refused Whitehead says. In the local world view, piercing the victim’s tongue with snake to believe her horrifying tales. On his “it’s sacrifice, not murder or revenge.

32 ON WISCONSIN It’s connected to the idea about what family are your strongest bonds, and professor responded that these darker is necessary to sustain the bounty and they don’t dissolve or loosen with death.” forms of sorcery are common in the fertility of the cosmos. It represents the Conklin’s and Whitehead’s attempts continent: “Kanaimà is actually not sorcerer’s gift to human beings.” to understand, rather than condemn, exceptional; it’s one example of a very Because dark sorcery is usually per- cannibalism have forced them to ponder important aspect of shamanism in South formed by neighbors against neighbors, the interpretation of their America,” he says. “There’s been an kanaimà also creates a bizarre dynamic work. As Conklin puts emphasis on the curing, beneficial among Patamuna communities in it, Whitehead “is try- aspects of shamanism. We want to set Guyana. On one hand, Whitehead says, ing to grapple with the ethnographic record straight by most victims’ families would “quite the problem of taking reminding people of the very impor- happily kill the kanaimà if they could,” tant cosmological links between the and for that reason, kanaimàs often prey power to kill and the power to cure. on people without family members who They represent complementary possi- could avenge them. bilities of the universe, and are funda- Yet he adds that kanaimàs do carry mental to the way shamanic activity a certain moral authority. In a region is conceived.” where law enforcement is weak and Furthermore, Whitehead where encroaching cultures threaten argues that a full discussion of can- local ways, kanaimà can be beneficial — nibalism must extend beyond South even practical. “It shows that they have America and tribal cultures. He notes not lost all their culture,” says White- that perspective matters — especially head. “Kanaimà becomes a vivid, dra- since history is generally written by vic- matic way of affirming that, and creating tors. “The history of conquest in South a rather useful caution in the minds of America looks very different from government agencies, cops, and armed Europe than from South America,” he Brazilian miners about whether they says. While the Spanish were massacring should screw around with these people.” Indians, he points out, “the Europeans were talking about nailing people to •••• crosses and hanging, drawing, and In focusing the anthropological lens on quartering. There were public execu- cannibalism, Whitehead is not alone. tions and body snatching.” Another recent book — Beth Conklin’s In essence, he notes, one person’s Consuming Grief: Compassionate Cannibal- violence in indigenous society seriously cannibal is another’s cultural hero. ism in an Amazonian Society — has — trying to understand it in ways that “Braveheart [William Wallace, a emerged to paint a warmer, fuzzier pic- don’t reinforce stereotypes of savagery.” medieval Scottish rebel] was ripped to ture of a practice most people have been But Whitehead is aware that his pieces,” he adds. “There was plenty of perfectly willing to dismiss as twisted. work could regenerate some of those torture in the medieval period — it’s not Conklin, an anthropologist at Van- stereotypes. “The concern is that you just cannibals that are sticking heads on derbilt University, studied the Wari tribe end up painting a picture of a bunch of spikes, right?” in South America, where, until recently, violent savages,” he says. “This is the Yet attempts to place cannibalism in-laws ritually ate parts of their dead difficult aspect of deciding to write within a broader context can be seen relatives. Until pressure from govern- about a topic that doesn’t cast people in as justifications for it. Whitehead and ment officials and missionaries forced the the best light. It’s a political, cultural others who write about practices like Wari to desist about forty years ago, the issue that faces anthropology, and I’m cannibalism are often criticized for prac- grisly ritual was an integral part of the very conscious of pushing the envelope ticing cultural relativism. It’s a criticism emotional recovery from death, Conklin on that.” Whitehead welcomes. says. “It marked a distance between the At the same time, Whitehead’s obser- “Cultural relativism simply under- people doing the eating and the person vations are upsetting to people who pre- lines the fact that there are choices to who is eaten,” she says. “The Wari fer to regard shamans as sacred healers. be made,” he says. “It does not say what believe you need to gradually create Recently, when Whitehead read from choice you should make, it merely emotional distance between the living Dark Shamans at a Madison bookstore, suggests you make your choice in light of and the dead, because in a small society, some audience members were unsettled the best possible understanding.” the ties of love and affection to your by his focus on dark shamanism. But the Continued on page 65

FALL 2003 33 Consequences obvious what it is. The Spartans [in despite having made enemies in Guyana Continued from page 33 ancient Greece] would lick blood from that may prevent him from ever return- their swords. Is that cannibalism?” ing there now that his book is out, he He suggests, for example, that some doesn’t consider himself exceptional. Americans have little business condemn- Medieval European doctors prescribed “My work is by no means unique among ing other cultures as violent without the ingredient “mummy,” made from anthropologists. Many are working applying the same critique to their own. processed human bodies. In Denmark, today in very troubling and challenging “There’s an open debate about the role the drinking blood of living people (or of violence in our culture, from how we freshly executed prisoners) was thought circumstances around the world,” he see Hannibal Lecter as entertainment all to cure epilepsy. Are these practices says. “In anthropology, insofar as we stay the way up to state executions,” he says. cannibalistic? close to cultures, we necessarily deal In Whitehead’s view — which, he Unlike the lurid accounts of native with things like violence and conflict. allows, is one of an outsider regarding cannibalism in New Guinea or South It’s more and more part of the job.” U.S. affairs and policies — those judg- America, these other activities rarely get And yet some jobs are tougher than ments often lack consistency. “We don’t discussed in histories, which Whitehead others. Gaining an understanding of dark mind condemning certain kinds of vio- says illustrates that the taboos are alive sorcery and cannibalism, in principle, lence, but it’s more difficult to make the and well. “There may be all kinds of does not differ from any other anthropo- connection between the Columbine mas- ritual behavior that involve mucking logical investigation. But some behaviors sacre, the D.C. snipers, and the presence around with human bodies,” he says. are inherently difficult to explain. Canni- of a violent criminal justice system or a “We roll it all up and say, ‘Ugh, canni- balism, Whitehead admits, is “truly a chal- violently oriented foreign policy.” balism,’ without thinking clearly about lenging human behavior to interpret.” Those who study cannibalism today, what’s going on.” he says, “are trying to disaggregate can- Few people have taken a closer look David Tenenbaum MA’86 has written about cannibalism nibalism, [saying that] it’s not always than Whitehead. But despite having for the science Web site The Why Files. To read more, see the same thing, and it’s not always suffered personally from kanaimà, and http://whyfiles.org/164cannibal/index.html.

FALL 2003 65 wandering

eyes

By Michael Penn MA’97 Photos by Jeff Miller DAVID HOFERER NEVER KNEW HOW TO CHEAT And it’s not easy. until he became a teaching assistant. As a student, he In Physiology 335, instructors take extra measures to worried too much about his assignments to think about derail academic misconduct. Exams are scheduled during subverting them. Now, his instruction is getting subverted, evenings, so that they can be held in larger auditoriums and that has piqued his interest considerably. where there is room to put empty seats between students. “I’ve learned about a lot of cheating technologies that I They’ve even outlawed hats. But there always seems to be a never knew about before,” says Hoferer, who is pursuing a new fault for some determined cheater to discover. During doctorate in environmental studies. “And some of them are an examination this spring, for example, one test-taker really pretty ingenious.” reported hearing repeated beeps from a neighbor’s cell

Professors say cheating is on the rise among college students. But can they do enough to stop it?

Such as the time a student taped a cheat sheet to phone and suspected she was using the phone’s text the underside of a baseball cap. Or when students messaging function to get answers from friends. “We’d programmed equations they were supposed to memorize never thought of that,” says Andrew Lokuta, a lecturer into sophisticated calculators. Or when one student said who coordinates the course. that he was looking around for the clock — which appar- “I think we can catch a lot of it,” he says. “But how ently he thought was on his neighbor’s paper. much we miss, we’ll never know.” All of those things have happened — or allegedly have happened — during examinations in Physiology 335, a five- credit leviathan of a course that Hoferer has assisted for THAT’S WHAT SCARES MANY PROFESSORS. four semesters. With an enrollment that usually exceeds As they grow wise to their students’ ways, they’re making two hundred students and a thorny set of four two-hour discoveries that seem to suggest that there is a lot more examinations, the course is like a semester-long stress test. cheating going on than anyone imagined — and worse, During midterms, some students become so frazzled that nearly everyone is getting away with it. After hearing they forget to fill in their names on the answer form. reports that his students were reusing papers for his intro- Occasionally, students also forget their honor, a reality ductory physics course, for example, University of Virginia that keeps teaching assistants on patrol during examinations. professor Louis Bloomfield ran 1,500 assignments through “I don’t like to watch them. Sometimes I feel like the a computer program he designed to look for possible plagia- wolf watching the sheep,” says Hoferer. “But all it takes is rism. In spring 2001, he accused 122 students of copying one person cheating to make the test unfair for everyone.” others’ work, initiating one of the highest-profile cheating This is the new terrain of academic integrity. In an age scandals in modern academia. Eventually, forty-five when cheating has evolved to be faster, easier, and often students were kicked out of school, and three more had nearly undetectable — when Internet sites sell pre-written their degrees revoked. papers, when computers come with cut-and-paste The Virginia case may be the most prominent weed functions, when fifty bucks buys you a programmable growing through the ivy, but it’s far from the only one. Scan- calculator, and when even the most timid student can use dals have surfaced at universities throughout the United a handheld digital device and sneak onto the Internet in the States and in places like China and Australia. And UW- middle of an exam — no one can afford to look the other Madison has certainly not been immune. From 1996 to 2002, way. Universities, which strive to uphold the high virtue of 490 cases of academic misconduct were formally reported to fair play, are being challenged as never before to instill a the dean of students office, resulting in sanctions ranging spirit of honor among their students. from lowered grades to suspension from the university.

FALL 2003 35 Not included in that total are One 1994 study reported that 89.9 per- CHAPTER 14 OF THE UW SYSTEM twenty-seven accounting students who cent of undergraduate students said that administrative code defines six types of were accused this April of improperly they had cheated at least once in college. academic misconduct, ranging from collaborating on a take-home exam. “It’s getting to be more and more plagiarizing parts or all of a paper, to According to accounting department of a problem, and we know less and giving a friend a test answer, to forging chair John Eichenseher, the students less what to do about it,” says James academic documents. Students who were allowed to complete the exam WollackMA’93, PhD’96, an associate commit or even assist someone else in outside of class so that they would be scientist in the School of Education’s any of these transgressions “must be free to attend a business school guest Testing and Evaluation Services office, confronted and must accept the conse- lecture. The speaker? Sherron Watkins, which, among other things, tries to help quences of their actions,” the code states. the Enron whistleblower who brought professors design cheat-resistant tests It would be hard to find anyone to light the company’s shady accounting and testing environments (see sidebar, among the faculty or administration who practices. page 39). disagrees. Professors usually put stern These students are, of course, merely In 1996, Wollack set out to discover warnings about cheating in course syl- the ones who got caught. It’s hard to the extent of UW-Madison’s cheating labi, and many discuss their expectations know how much cheating really goes on: problem. Instead of asking students if openly in class. The UW Writing Cen- the goal of all cheats, after all, is to go they’d cheated at any point in the past, ter, a popular resource where students undetected, and it’s probably safe to which he considered vague and inconclu- go for help with term papers and other assume that the vast majority of them sive, he visited a dozen undergraduate assignments, offers classes in the dan- succeed. About the only way to assess classes immediately after an exam and gers of plagiarism, and its online guide how many students really are cheating is administered an anonymous survey about to citing sources states bluntly that the to ask them to fess up. that one test. About 5 percent of the university “takes very seriously this act Researchers began doing that in the respondents said they had copied answers of intellectual burglary, and the penalties 1940s, arriving on college campuses with from someone else during the exam. are severe.” armfuls of anonymous surveys that pried That number — which doesn’t even Delivering on those promises, how- from students information about their attempt to quantify plagiarism or other ever, is more challenging than making past transgressions. The measures obvi- forms of cheating that go on outside exam them. In 2001–02, seventy-five students ously aren’t perfect, relying as they do on rooms — adds up fast. Based on that were charged with acts of academic people being honest about their dishon- ratio, if someone were to give the whole misconduct, according to the dean of esty. But the results have shown a campus an examination, you could bet students — less than two-tenths of definite trend over time. Most surveys that more than two thousand students 1 percent of the university’s enrollment. done in the forties observed that less would have a case of wandering eyes. Only two students found guilty of cheat-

None of the students who agreed to talk says that he or she has cheated. Yet all have seen it hap- pen. Most of it, they say, stems not from premeditated deception, but from momentary desperation

than one-quarter of students admitted to “The data show it’s happening every ing were suspended during that year. Six cheating on an assignment at any point time a test goes on,” he says. “Over four were put on probation. Five failed the during college. Now, using the same or five years of college, that’s a lot of course in which they cheated, and three methods, researchers find that 50 to 80 opportunities to cheat. I think it’s very more were removed from the course. By percent of students own up to the deed. serious news.” far the most common punishment —

36 ON WISCONSIN which was levied in fifty-two cases — facilitates the process and offers students “What was I supposed to do — put her was to award the student a lower grade an opportunity to appeal the professor’s on a lie detector?” on the work in question. decision. Appeals are heard either by an That sense of frustration echoes not examiner appointed by the dean of just at UW-Madison, but at universities

During an examination this spring, one test-taker reported hearing repeated beeps from a neighbor’s cell phone. The student suspected she was using the text messaging function to get answers from friends.

Some who look at those numbers students office or a standing review across the nation. In one survey of faculty wonder if they belie the university’s tough board. In either case, the burden of proof attitudes, Donald McCabe, a Rutgers talk about cracking down on cheaters. lies with the accuser. University professor, found that 55 per- “Why are there so few instances of cheat- “You need the evidence,” says cent of professors “would not be willing ing that result in serious disciplinary Sapiro. “Often, professors will find to devote any real effort to documenting action?” asks Ralph Cagle JD’74, a themselves in situations where they suspected incidents of student cheating.” professor of legal ethics. “Is it that cheat- suspect students of having copied some- Instead, they seek alternative routes ing isn’t really a problem here, or is it that thing, but that’s not going to be good to the formal channels, such as handling we don’t enforce the rules?” enough in a judicial process.” cases privately, focusing on prevention, But other professors say those num- Many faculty say that those proceed- or even changing their teaching. Moses bers indicate the difficulty of enforcing ings chew up time that they do not have has radically de-emphasized homework — not disdain for — the rules. to give. “Most of us barely have enough in computer science classes, for example, Virginia Sapiro, a professor of politi- time to do a decent job teaching classes, because students frequently copied each cal science and associate vice chancellor let alone have the time to prosecute a other’s answers. Out-of-class assign- for teaching and learning, says faculty single student,” says Gregory Moses, a ments are now done in teams and count put a “high priority” on fighting aca- professor of engineering. less than 20 percent of the grade. demic misconduct. But they lack the But time is not the only problem. Moses is frustrated by the compro- time and support to do it especially well. Accusing a student of academic miscon- mise, which he says probably hurts “We try to find various ways to prevent duct inevitably becomes a contentious students in the long run because they get it, and to catch and deal with it when it matter that takes an emotional toll. less exposure to hands-on problem solv- happens,” she says. “But it is part of a “You take it personally,” says Susan ing. “But we gave up,” he says. “We were growing pile of responsibilities that have Smith, an associate professor of nutri- fighting against an overwhelming force.” fallen on faculty since the Internet.” tional sciences. “It eats away at you.” Proving cheating is labor intensive, When Smith suspected one of her and most of the labor rests with the students had plagiarized large sections of IT WOULD BE EASIER NOT TO KNOW. faculty who suspect it. If a professor a final paper, she spent a week deliberat- For Cathy Middlecamp PhD’76, believes a student is cheating, he or she ing whether to press the issue. Finally, MS’89, a distinguished faculty associate must gather evidence, confront the stu- she did, calling the student in for a in the chemistry department, those hal- dent, and then prepare a report detailing private meeting. The student burst into cyon days of ignorance ended when she findings and sanctions. Depending on tears, saying she didn’t know she’d done overhauled her Chemistry 108 course to the sanctions, the report may be filed anything wrong. “I had no basis to judge include more writing assignments. Soon with the dean of students office, which the veracity of her statement,” she says. thereafter, she found herself questioning

FALL 2003 37 her students’ work. There was one paper dent who didn’t get away with his deceit there. “I look at their GPAs and think, in particular — a book review from a had lifted entire paragraphs from a text- ‘Why do you need to cheat?’ ” says Lori student who just oozed enthusiasm about book written by Middlecamp herself.) Berquam, associate dean of students, who the insights he’d gained by reading it. As punishment, those students usu- coordinates academic misconduct cases. “This made no sense,” says Middlecamp, ally have their grades docked. But they The answer, she learns, is often fear. “because the book was incredibly bor- also get a conversation with Middle- “A lot of students come here used to ing.” She grabbed her personal copy and camp, who says she would rather explore getting good grades, and when they found its conclusion copied word-for- why students cheat than dwell on how don’t, that’s when they feel that they word into the paper, with no attribution. they’re penalized. “Plagiarism raises must resort to something else,” says A few semesters later, a teaching assis- more questions in my mind than it Micaela O’Neil, a sophomore. tant who suspected a handful of students answers,” she says. “I’m much more “You’re so scared of not doing what of plagiarizing sent around an e-mail to all interested in trying to figure out what’s you want to do because of one class,” 180 students in the course, asking anyone going on with my students than I am in adds junior Heather Lilla. who may have forgotten to cite sources to the sanctions.” None of the students who agreed to come reclaim their paper and make the Although professors say they sense talk about cheating for this story says that changes. It seemed like an innocent way cheating is on the rise, most are at a loss he or she has cheated. Yet all have seen it to deal with an isolated, and perhaps inad- to explain why. Technology obviously happen. Most of it, they say, falls not into vertent, problem. But then came seventy enables it. So, too, may a general malaise the class of coldly premeditated decep- responses, most from students who of societal ethics, where fact-fudging tion, but stems from momentary despera- wanted to revise their papers. accountants, drug-doping athletes, truth- tion. Students fall behind on assignments, “This is not why I entered the teach- dodging politicians, and plagiarizing and then make Faustian bargains to their ing profession,” Middlecamp says. “I don’t journalists and book authors set less- computer screens in the middle of the want to be the cop in my classroom.” than-inspiring examples. Students are night. They cut corners — by cutting and Ironically, the same technology that traditionally great rationalists, and, in a pasting — because that’s the deal that makes cheating easier has allowed Mid- world where cheaters seem to flourish allows them to get some sleep. dlecamp to catch more of its perpetrators.

“A lot of academic misconduct cases involve situations where the student didn’t think that [he or she] was doing something wrong. There’s a lot of education that needs to go on.”

She reads papers at her desk, with a more often than perish, some of their Google search engine open on her com- rationalizations can seem almost rational. “I don’t think anyone is proud of puter screen. Sometimes it takes only Yet the students who get caught defy cheating,” says Chris Miller, a junior minutes to find that paragraphs have simple categorization. Some are defiant, biology major. “People realize that there been heisted from Internet sources. For but many are complicit. Some seem to be is no honor in it. I’ve been tempted to the past three years, Middlecamp has habitual offenders, while others insist cheat before, and I think most people snared two to four students per semester they’ve made a one-time-only misstep. have. It comes at three in the morning, in the net of this rudimentary detective Many are struggling students, trying for when I don’t have time to do this, and I work. She knows there are others. “I only an edge. But many others are at the top know that tomorrow morning I can just catch the dumb ones,” she says. (One stu- of their class, and determined to stay get these answers from someone else.”

38 ON WISCONSIN Still, Miller and other students say they are frustrated by the complacent attitude many of their peers — and even some of their instructors — take toward academic dishonesty. “I don’t think cheaters are particularly scorned here, certainly not the cheaters [for whom] it’s an occasional thing,” says Miller. “I think that’s pretty accepted.” Few students resist cheating out of fear that they’ll be caught or severely punished. From their perspective, that hardly ever happens.

THE RELATIVELY LOW NUMBERS of academic misconduct cases may con- tribute to that perception. When profes- sors don’t report cases to the dean of students office, they may inadvertently play into the hands of habitual cheaters, who can skate by on pleas that they’ll “never do it again.” That is one reason Berquam advises faculty to involve her office, even when the offense seems minor and the sanctions are light. “Faculty are very forgiving, and the process of accusing a student and actu- ally proving that misconduct took place takes time,” Berquam allows. “[But] this is a learning institution, and these cases are part of the learning process. We need to be engaging students in a dialogue about this, because the discussion is itself a tool for instruction.” National surveys show a consider- able gap between what professors and students define as the boundaries of acceptable behavior. A study conducted in 2001–02 by Duke University’s Center for Academic Integrity found that 55 percent of students said it wasn’t “serious cheating” to ask peers for answers to tests they’d taken in the past — some- thing nearly all professors say clearly crosses the line. Neither did half of those n’t think that [he or she] was doing some- answers on a test. Is it okay to use an surveyed say that falsifying lab data thing wrong,” says Wollack. “There’s a lot exam the professor gave in last year’s constituted serious cheating. Only about of education that needs to go on.” class as a study aid? Many professors one in four students responded that It does not help matters that even think not, and decry the fraternities and cutting and pasting without attribution professors can disagree about the defini- sororities that maintain old test files. But constituted a serious breach. tions. Some faculty allow students to col- others encourage the practice and even “A lot of academic misconduct cases laborate on assignments, while others involve situations where the student did- consider that no better than copying Continued on page 57

FALL 2003 39 Cheating land, and Kansas State. Experts ques- merely worthwhile, but imperative. “If Continued from page 39 tion how much real effect they have on students are getting the sense that we’re student behavior; they point, for exam- not taking cheating seriously, it affects a hand out answers in class. “This is why ple, to the problems at the University of whole different level of student [than professors need to clarify in their course Virginia, whose 160-year-old honor code just those who cheat],” he says. “I do syllabi what they expect,” says Berquam. offers one punishment — expulsion — worry about the student who comes to But an ad hoc approach to academic to those caught. But, UW engineering us with high standards, believing that if integrity may be making it harder for prof Gregory Moses notes, it couldn’t they play by the rules they will be the university to deliver a cohesive, com- make things worse. “And I think it could rewarded. If we detract from that stu- munity-wide message about cheating. help change the general psychology and dent’s experience by allowing cheating Classroom discussions often focus on attitude people have,” he maintains. to go on, we have failed our responsibil- mechanics rather than ethics, students “You don’t hear much talk about aca- ity in a big way.” say. “It seems like appealing to your demic integrity. It would really help if Cagle may have been thinking about character might affect more people,” that message came from the institutional a student such as Woodie Mogaka, Lilla says. “I think that if we started community, so that it wasn’t just Profes- whom he encountered a few days earlier talking about how Madison is a school sor X saying, ‘I have a code of ethics.’ ” at a meeting of the Teaching Academy, a of academic integrity, that would have a faculty group that strives to improve little more impact.” instruction and address classroom issues. Classroom ethics do often take a back seat to other pressing matters when BUT PROFESSORS ARE NOT Mogaka, an affable and talented students arrive at UW-Madison. During alone They have a significant ally sophomore, was there as part of a stu- summer orientation, there is so much to in the large community of honest stu- dent panel on academic integrity, whose cover about social life, integrating into a dents, who often suffer tangibly from members urged faculty to keep battling large school, respecting others, and unchecked deceit. When cheaters claim against the cheating problem and offered behaving responsibly that probing good grades that they don’t deserve, it’s insights from their perspective on how discussions about honesty in academic the students who have done the work it might be curtailed. He had personal work can get left behind. who get pushed down the curve. motivation for being on the panel. Dur- “As a university, we probably Andrew Lokuta says much of the ing the fall semester, he had gotten a B+ haven’t done a good enough job of get- street knowledge that he and his teaching in a class — missing an A by just a few ting across the message that theft of assistants bring into the exam room in points, so close he almost could have intangibles is every bit as important as Physiology 335 comes directly from those grabbed it. But the thing that stuck with theft of tangibles,” says Sapiro. students who know how to cheat, but him was knowing that other students in That could change. There have been don’t. If the instructors let dishonest stu- the class falsified lab reports. Not only recent efforts to build more discussion of dents slip by, they hear about it. Lokuta’s did they get away with turning in those cheating into so-called Comm A courses, department has fielded angry e-mails bogus reports, he says, but they got the writing-intensive classes that 75 per- from students who have seen cheating good grades on them. Since the class cent of all UW-Madison students take. during exams and want it stopped. was graded on a curve, that may have Residence halls such as the Bradley And he understands completely. been all it took to rob Mogaka of his A. Learning Community have organized “This is a very hard class,” he says. “Stu- Now, Mogaka can’t help feeling extracurricular discussions around the dents who do well really deserve credit resentful about how effective that topic. And communities within the univer- for that. They don’t deserve to be put in strategy was, about how he got knocked sity, such as the Biocore series of biology the same category as someone who got down a grade by others who were half classes, as well as many individual profes- there by artificial means. We owe it to as bright and nowhere near as ethical sors, are adopting honor codes that pledge the students who are trying hard.” as he. students and professors to act ethically. It was an honest student, as well, When something like that happens, There is even talk among some who convinced Middlecamp to persist he says, “it softens the will of those who faculty about pushing for a campuswide with the often thankless work of track- don’t cheat.” He has learned a lesson. It honor code, which would entail some ing down plagiarists. She was close to just may not be the right one. kind of promise from students that they giving up, when Heather Lilla, who would abide by standards set by the served on one of her student leadership Michael Penn MA’97 is senior editor of On Wisconsin. university community. Popular at mili- boards, reminded her, “You’re doing it To illustrate this story, photographer Jeff Miller enlisted tary and private schools, honor codes for us.” the help of several student volunteers to recreate various forms of cheating that take place on college campuses. are cropping up at larger universities, To professors such as Ralph Cagle, We’re pretty sure the students pictured in this story don’t including Duke, Georgia Tech, Mary- that makes the extraordinary effort not actually do the things we made them do.

FALL 2003 57 UtwzxÜ Uxtâà|xá Everyone has an opinion when it comes to beauty — and beauty pageants — and UW-Madison was once no exception. From a former judge’s guidelines and Badger Beauty recollections, we take a closer look at a forty-year campus tradition.

accrue to the winners — other than judging the annual engineering students’ beard contest. As Mary Olmsted Wal- lace, a 1948 Badger Beauty and spouse of 60 Minutes anchor Mike Wallace, told me, “The contest didn’t have anything to do with talent or brilliance. There were no scholarships or commercial jobs. I don’t think they should have it today. A contest is kind of silly if it’s just based on looks.” Bingo. So how did the beauty pageant concept find a home for so long on the UW-Madison campus, and what did the former Badger Beauties think about it now? In the Spring 2003 issue of On BY CANDICE GAUKEL ANDREWS ’77 So when I found out that the Wisconsin, I sent out a call for Badger I have to admit, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Beauties to tell me their stories. I heard I’ve never believed them — an institution of higher learning in a from more than forty of them. those women in swimsuits who walk progressive city — my own alma mater It appears to have all started inno- in front of a panel of judges and then — actually had a contest for female stu- cently enough — not as much like a try to tell me beauty pageants are all dents based solely on beauty, I couldn’t beauty competition as like being given about talent, academics, and winning believe it. But there they were. In the an honorary title by a loosely organized scholarships. Badger yearbooks from 1931 to 1969 — committee. Prior to 1931, the Badger Right. almost four decades — six women yearbooks included a “Wisconsin Granted, I’ve read that the new, (typically) were bestowed with full-page Women” section featuring women’s politically correct Miss World Pageant portraits only because they had been athletics, clubs, and sororities. But in has jettisoned the national costumes, selected as “Badger Beauties.” that year, for the first time, five full- skimpy swim wear, and high heels for the I hoped that the contest might at page face shots were devoted to the first “more natural environment” of jeans and least be tied to a scholarship, but my so-named “Badger Beauties”: Frances T-shirts. initial research didn’t uncover any mon- Fosshage, Margaret Newman, Carolyn Please. etary reward or civic duty that would Olson, Sally Owen, and Alice Ubbink.

40 ON WISCONSIN The earliest Badger Beauty I talked I commented that she was my idea of to is Ruby Jo Swanstrom, who told me, DLID ]âwzxËá Zâ|wxÄ|Çxá what a Badger Beauty should look like. “In 1937, it was a complete and utter In a few weeks you will be responsible for the The speaker that day was John F. surprise when I found out I had been enviable, but difficult task of selecting the six Kennedy, and we realized later that the elected from Langdon Hall. I reported most beautiful girls on our campus. In a young woman I had singled out was to the Union, where I was interviewed contest like this, there must be some uniform none other than Jackie Kennedy.” for twenty minutes, and then I modeled criteria for judging all of the girls entered. “I’m sure every candidate was a formal dress. I was told almost imme- We have attempted to give you these somewhat surprised when she made diately I was a Badger Beauty.” concepts by composing a score sheet, which is the cut and moved on to the photo ses- According to the yearbooks, by broken down into seven parts, with a total of sion,” says 1956 Badger Beauty Virginia 1946 the contest had evolved into an 100 points: Burdick Duncan. “Fortunately for us, adjunct of the Junior Prom, with the the photographers were excellent and Beauties serving as the prom’s Court of D Walk (10 points). Look at the put everyone at ease. Fortunately for Honor. By 1954, Badger Beauties had girls and see if you think they me, a most generous friend loaned me shifted to functioning as the Military would look at home walking down the a beautiful dress to wear for the session. Ball’s Court of Honor. And by 1957, stairs in Great Hall on the night of I always wondered if maybe it was the the tradition had turned into a cam- Military Ball. dress that won Badger Beauty. In the puswide contest, with 165 entrants 1956 yearbook, there I am, in my bor- vying for the title. Roberta Hicken Schmidt ’59 remembers, rowed finery, photographed seated on With true competition status came “In March of 1958 or 1959, my room- top of the UW president’s grand piano! the need for judges, and Badger yearbook mate invited me to hear a speaker com- The ultimate thrill of this fairy-tale expe- staff strove to give the pageant validity ing to the Wisconsin Union Theater. We rience was at the Military Ball, where — and publicity — by employing had seats in the balcony, and while wait- the Badger Beauties were officially celebrities. Over the years, judges ing for the program to begin, we were presented. It was an era of beautiful included radio, film, and TV personali- talking about the recently announced ball gowns, long, white gloves, and ties such as Fredric March ’20, Bing Badger Beauties. Of course, in our opin- handsomely uniformed escorts. We Crosby, Don Ameche x’31, Phil Silvers, ion, most of them didn’t measure up. swept down the stairway of Great Hall Arthur Godfrey, Fred S. Meyer (MGM Just then, a young woman came walking in the Memorial Union, and under a vice president), and Billy Rose (Broad- up the aisle towards us. After she passed, military sword arch.” way theater producer); John Robert Powers of the same-named modeling agency; and “Pogo” cartoonist, Walt Kelly. And as the contest grew, the judg- ing criteria became more sophisticated. On December 21, 1944, the Daily Cardi- nal reported that George Petty, Sr., one of the first pin-up artists, “nationally famous for his stimulating drawings of UW-MADISON ARCHIVES (4) women for Esquire and other magazines, will judge the co-eds for their photo- genic beauty, personality, and stature.” I wasn’t surprised. By 1961 those rather subjective three aspects had been expanded into seven, with verbalized standards. Professional photographer Duane Hopp ’55, who was assistant professor at the Photographic Media Center on campus from 1958 to 1986, still possesses his original 1961 Judge’s Guidelines, and he provided me with a copy. I now had a concrete piece of the puzzle, with which to analyze the Beauty may be in the eye of the beholder, but the UW tried to make a science out of its own beauty contest. Members of the 1951 committee (above) may have relied on their contest itself. own subjective values, but ten years later, judges had to follow a hard scale of 100 possible points. Opposite: the 1960 Beauties demonstrate poise (10 points).

FALL 2003 41 Okay. I must admit: I’ve always make my prominent under bite quite wanted to do that. presentable, yet it was light-years away As I suspected, however, having a from their dazzling smiles. A freckled- confident stride wasn’t a principal factor. face, frizzled-hair brunette from the city In fact, it was worth only half as much as: streets of the Bronx, New York, stood not a chance of standing among the six E Figure proportions (20 points). beauties who were chosen every year on We have defined this category as the UW-Madison campus.” the relationship of the feet, ankles, legs, Uh-huh. I knew it. Back to square hips, waist, bust, and shoulders. one. “I was a judge for one year — 1941 — H Personal appearance (15 points). the best job I ever had!” Arthur Nielsen, Look at the girls’ hair, clothes, Jr., chair emeritus of the ACNielsen and makeup — see if they have done television-rating company told me. “We the most they could to enhance their were to supply two things: a photo of the natural beauty. girl and a complete and accurate meas- urement of her figure. I took the “What did being a Badger Beauty do for photographs and helped with the meas- me?” asks Suzanne Holly Bachman ’62. urement task — they were dressed in “It gave me confidence, improved my bathing suits. We did the initial judging She’s gonna make it after all: Joanne McNeil public speaking ability, and made my Hayes ’67, a 1965 Badger Beauty. for Earl Carroll, who had a musical junior year one of the most memorable show on Broadway that boasted the years of my life. But perhaps more ‘most beautiful women in the world.’ competition. We were selected after a importantly, it put ‘appearance’ in per- He was happy to be a judge, and he took series of interviews by various people, spective. While no one has ever denied it very seriously.” including professors and student leaders. its importance, it is what a person does, Nielsen’s recollections almost made Then we became representatives of the how hard she works, and what she me forget the sword arch — until I heard University of Wisconsin, campus groups, contributes to her family, community, from Barbara Morey Shade ’41, one of dorms, and sororities. We had and and society that defines a life.” the contestants the year Nielsen was a needed many other characteristics than According to Jane Brandley ’57, judge. “No way did I wear a swimsuit!” appearance.” using her “appearance” at Badger Beauty she reassured me. “We all wore black Maybe — but the big points were appearances had a good and bad side. dresses. Mine was off the shoulders, and really made with: “I was very shy and quiet in those days a friend sent me an orchid to wear. It and pretty much did what I was told. I seemed everyone was sponsored by a G Facial balance (40 points). remember being very upset to find myself sorority. Mine was Pi Beta Phi. The con- When considering this category, in my formal adorning a car dealership. test was sort of like sororities in general: we suggest that you look at the following Pretty much soured me on the beauty wonderful for the ones who made it, but features: eyes, nose, mouth, chin, ears — pageant concept. The ball was fun, and a heartache for the ones who didn’t.” and see if the total adds up to a beautiful the attention was fun. The sorority Number three, where I, personally, face, a face that will be remembered and pushed me forward for other things that would have assigned more points, envied by others. revolved around looks — such frivolity brought me back to the low scorers: seems out of place in today’s world. All “With long, straight hair that hung just of life’s experiences have made me a F Poise (10 points). Are they at below their shoulders, these young confident, caring woman ready to try ease — do they present the best women were everything I wasn’t,” writes anything. Did being a Badger Beauty possible picture of themselves — would Barbara Joan Bass Grubman ’54, a have any part in that? Probably.” they be able to tackle a strange situation student who remembers seeing Badger I’ll concede a point. without being unduly nervous? Beauties on campus in the early 1950s. And while I hate to admit it, I almost “Midwestern and beautiful, their striking like point six: It felt good to hear 1955 Badger Beauty smiles and straight, white teeth were Nannita Ruggles Stahl also deny attributes I did not have, nor could ever I Ability to converse (5 points). Nielsen’s report — from over a decade hope to strive for. True, the braces I wore Can the girls carry on an later. “This was not a ‘bathing beauty’ up until leaving for college did help to intelligent conversation?

42 ON WISCONSIN Says 1941 Badger Beauty Jane Eriksen The first thing each interviewer said Dryburgh, “The dean of women was was, ‘I always wanted to meet a Badger very determined that this should not be Beauty.’ I realized that opened the just a beauty contest. All candidates door and allowed me to make important were to have three-point averages or contacts.” higher and be involved in extra-curricu- But Jean Durgin Harlan ’45 replies lar activities. She interviewed us individ- with an emphatic no. “I wonder whether ually in her office to make sure we met we were particularly determined, during her standards.” the early stages of World War II, to blot “What I most remember is the inter- out that painful reality as we planned view we all had to go through before the our small-minded activities,” she muses. last cut,” recalls Barbara Becker Glass “For whatever reason, many of us ’52. “I talked about my employment as a focused energy on the usual campus counselor and sailing instructor at a rivalries among dorms, sororities, and summer camp on Lake Nagawicka. other residence units, jockeying for Somehow I think that subject as well as social prominence. The Badger Beauty the dress I chose for one of the sessions phenomenon was a component of that — a slinky, gray-blue satin, borrowed by Winter years: Linda Jens was a 1965 Beauty. lightly veiled, ongoing competition. actress Gena Rowlands for her Badger The contest would only last until 1969. “No, this was not one of life’s Beauty picture in the 1950 Badger — was peak experiences for me. It probably key to my being chosen.” I had a ball at the UW. I can’t begin to helped me get into student government So, again, it comes down to a dress? express it.” subsequently, but it certainly had no Makes me wonder if the judges meant Now this is sounding more like my direct bearing on my later life in the integrity or cloth when they asked: university. Kammer certainly had the grownup world.” “material” or “right stuff” — in bushels. Even Virginia Duncan agrees. J Is this girl Badger Beauty mate- Jane Dryburgh says her cohort had “There wasn’t anything really important rial? This will not be scored, but it, too. about being a Badger Beauty. You will be used to help break ties. “We all looked to the future with didn’t have to do anything worthwhile,” both hope and apprehension due to the she says. “All in all, it was pretty super- “I was a contestant in 1952 or 1953,” says growing war in Europe,” she says. “Six ficial, and later generations of women Bonita Stein Kammer ’53, LLB’55. “I months after I graduated in June, Pearl would look for more ‘relevant’ achieve- lived in one of the unofficial Jewish girls’ Harbor plunged the United States into ments. But for a little girl from a small houses that were privately owned [Norris World War II. Some of our Badger town in western New York state — a Hall]. I remember walking to the Union Beauties group became WAVES and girl who was still trying to discover who in my heels and dress: a tight-fitting, red WACS, and one joined the Marines’ she was and what she was hoping to top, with a black skirt with hip pockets. I Woman’s Auxiliary.” achieve — it was a ‘moment in time’ made it to the second-round finals. It was Grubman who got to the crux that contributed to her confidence and “My dad came from Poland and my of the matter for me. “I often wonder if belief in herself. The gawky, self-con- mother from Russia. They met in Mil- being a Badger Beauty opened any scious teenager had perched on top of waukee in their late teens. There was lit- magical doors for these women. Did it the university president’s grand piano, tle opportunity for school in my parents’ allow them to lead happier, more ful- to be photographed as a glamorous generation. My dad went to school until filled lives? Did they look in the mirror young woman ... all in a borrowed he was twelve. As a Jewish girl in Rus- and see their beauty like I saw my lack dress! sia, my mother wasn’t allowed to go; she of it? Would my life have been changed “But, oh, to be able to just one more would look in the window of the grade in any way had I been one of them?” time sweep magnificently down that school and try to learn things. People Pamela Lynch McDonald says yes. grand stairway into Great Hall.” would throw stones at her to chase her “When I graduated from the School of As it turns out, that I can believe. away. Education was like forbidden fruit Journalism in 1957, it was a very com- for my mother and father. My college petitive job market for advertising copy- experience was so different. To me, being writers in Chicago,” she says. “Despite in the Badger Beauty contest meant I that fact, I received calls granting me an Candice Gaukel Andrews, an On Wisconsin writer, rates herself a 98.6 (37 centigrade). For a listing of all the was part of Americana, and that was interview from every advertising agency Badger Beauties she talked to and more recollections, amazing to me! It was a new adventure. to which I had submitted my resume. visit uwalumni.com/onwisconsin.

FALL 2003 43