Chapter 4 state & sample

districts at a glance

Para Particulars Page Number Number 120 4.1. Geographical Area

120 4.2 Climatic condition

121-124 4.3 Banking in Maharashtra state

124-126 4.4 Priority sector in Maharashtra state overview

4.5 Agro climate zone of Maharashtra state 126-128

4.6 128-132 Industrial profile of Maharashtra state

4.7 Branch expansion of banks 133

4.8 Profile of sample districts in Maharashtra 133-142

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Maharashtra state occupies western & central part of India .The natural borders surrounded with hills like satpuda, sahydri maharashtra state has the history of trade & commerce. The history of this state is influenced by islamic, maratha, british rule period i.e. Pre independence period & post independence period. 4.1.Geographical Area- Population-wise & geographical area wise it is second largest state in India. Population of Maharashtra in 2001 was 96,878,627 cr which increased 112,374,333 cr in 2011.The literacy rate in Maharashtra 76.88% in 2001 which increased 82.34%.The 45.22% population occupied urban area & 54.78% occupied rural area .The literacy rate in urban population is 88.69% & 77.1% in rural population. GSDP of Maharashtra increased which was too low in 2008 i.e.610,191cr to 1792121.64 cr in 2015- 2016.The state is capturing maximum area as well as population. The language of the state is marathi, konkani, , english & prominent language. The Maharashtra state consists of 36 districts & divided into six major revenue region i.e. , , Nasik, , ,. Maharashtra state is having tradition of planning at district level. The capital of Maharashtra is the city. It is the home of global banking & financial services .Pune is also one of the important city which is the hub of IT,BPO &KPO industries .The state majorly produce oilseeds, cotton, groundnut, sunflower, soybean, turmeric & vegetables. 4.2.Climatic condition-The state have tropical monsoon climate. Summer is from March & rainy season from early June. The Konkan faces heavy rainfall which slightly declines towards northwards. -Ahemednagar are the dry zones. The state divides in-Coastal Region known as Konkan, & region, heavy & medium rainfall(Eastern & Central Vidarbha) Water resources-Maharashtra has large area under the drought due to less rainfall .Creation of more irrigation facilities create employment ,help to agriculture & leads towards growth & prosperity. The state was first to publish own water policy with priorities like drinking, cooling ,sanitation needs(livestock),industrial as well as commercial use, environment & other uses.

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4.3.Banking in Maharashtra state-Maharashtra state is continually under the progress of banking network. Many cooperative sector banks, private sector banks, public sector banks, rural banks ,foreign banks establishing their network in Maharashtra. Out of total number of rural population 62.94% are utilizing the banking services & 76.02% from urban area utilizing the banking services.

Table Number 1-Household having banking services in Maharashtra state

Population Total Number of Total Number of Percentage

Households in Household availing

Maharashtra Bank services

Rural 13,016,652 8,193,623 62.94%

Population

Urban 10,813,928 8221269 76.02%

Population

Total 23,830,580 16414892 68.88%

Population

Source-Census 2011

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Table Number 2-List of districts in Maharashtra state & average population available for banks per district Kokan Population Pune Population Nasik Population Mumbai City 3,085,411 3,876,001 4,543,159 Mumbai 9,429,408 Pune 9,429,408 2,050,862 suburban Raigad 2,634,200 2,822,143 4,229,917 1,615,069 3,003,741 Nandurbar 1,648,295 Sindhudurg 849,651 Solapur 4,317,756 Nasik 6,107,187 11,060,148 Palghar 68930(2011 part of ) Aurangabad Population Amravati Population Nagpur Population () Aurangabad 3,701,282 1,813,906 1,200,334 Beed 2,585,049 Amravati 2,888,445 2,204,307 Hingoli 1,177,345 2,586,258 1,072,942 Jalana 1,959,046 1,197,160 Gondiya 1,322,507 2,454,196 2,772,348 Nagpur 4,653,570 3,361,292 1,300,774 Osmanabad 1,657,576 1,836,086 Source- Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2014-2015 & census 2011

The table shows the average number of population available in the concerned districts. The major six division of region with the availability of population shows the scope of banks to make available more & more banking services into the area. The total population is one of the important factor which creates impact on deposits & credits as well as on total business of the banks.

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Table Number 3-Banking Network of Maharashtra state Sr Bank Rural Semi Urban Metro Total No Urban Branches 1 Allahabad Bank 32 12 36 45 125 2 Andhra Bank 4 11 37 49 101 3 Bank of Baroda 110 108 75 208 501 4 Bank of India 366 192 86 208 852 5 Bank of 495 287 123 250 1155 Maharashtra 6 Canara Bank 54 81 136 102 373 7 Central Bank of 257 125 77 158 617 India 8 Corporation bank 31 28 38 82 179 9 Dena Bank 93 61 43 106 303 10 IDBI 136 98 69 142 445 11 Indian Bank 11 15 16 77 119 12 Indian overseas 19 35 33 105 192 Bank 13 Oriental Bank of 4 24 29 80 137 commerce 14 Punjab & Sindh 0 3 15 17 35 Bank 15 Punjab National 28 31 59 100 218 Bank 16 State Bank of 72 111 69 47 299 Hyderabad 17 State Bank of India 418 376 199 395 1388 18 Syndicate Bank 58 27 43 88 216 19 United Commercial 34 29 49 59 171 Bank 20 Union Bank of 115 109 72 204 500 India 21 United Bank of 0 2 12 33 47 India 22 Vijaya Bank 11 19 30 70 130 A Subtotal (Public 2348 1748 1346 2625 8103 sector banks) 1 Axis Bank ltd 8 62 65 164 299 2 Federal bank 22 23 19 43 107 3 HDFC bank ltd 68 125 76 198 467 4 ICICI Bank 129 140 93 251 613 5 ING Vyasa Bank 76 25 27 138 266 Ltd 6 Bank 0 0 15 25 40 Ltd 7 Ratankar Bank Ltd 25 22 20 24 91 B Sub- total(Private 328 397 315 843 1883 sector Banks) 1 Maharashtra 267 88 36 0 391 Gramin Bank

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2 Vidharbha 198 98 17 3 316 keshtriya Gramin Bank C Subtotal Gramin 465 186 53 3 707 Banks D Subhadra Local 4 2 3 0 9 Area Bank Ltd E Cooperative Banks 2970 444 362 102 3878 F Total 6115 2813 2079 3573 14580 (A+B+C+D+E) Source-Bank of Maharashtra (SLBC) The banking network all over the Maharashtra is spread differently .Some banks have more branches in rural area & some have more branches in urban area. This unequal distribution of branches makes regional imbalances in terms growth. 4.4.Priority sector in Maharashtra state Overview-The state of Maharashtra consists of various districts. The main business is agriculture. Nearly 64% people are working under this sector .It is one of the most important state from the point of view of development of India. It is flourishing economy with strong infrastructure. The roads, airports, railways, power ,education, tourism are well developed in some part of the state. Textile & sugar are the two main industries. Pharama, food process, electronics, chemicals are the major industries. According to census 2001,55% people works in Agriculture. In early period the large population were not involved in banking. i.e . labors ,artisans, small & marginal farmers, dry land holder & businessmen. They were depends on moneylenders in their districts. They are not able to fulfill the criteria of granting credit. They needs to pay heavy & informal; rate of interest .Most population were get exploited by big landholders .Despite of various schemes for financing the agriculture in Maharashtra many farmers are not able to get benefit out of the same. The agriculture consists of sectors like crop husbandry, animal husbandry ,dairy, fisheries ,agriculture education as well as research ,soil & water conservation .The share of agriculture & allied services is declining in the GSDP of Maharashtra state .But there is continue growth in employment, income & food security. The state has 9 National Agricultural Research Zones .It is divided into 72 Eco units according to soil & climate .There are 4 Agricultural universities which concentrates research on technology & for sustaining crop production

Policy of Maharashtra Government-  Increase farmers income & production by using available resources in sound manner .  Generate skilled & unskilled employment for poverty reduction.

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 To design the plan of exploitation of water resources.  To improve agricultural universities.  Promotion of storage, transport, marketing facilities so that the farmers will the fair prices. Maharashtra is the economic power house of the India. The state has bring sustainable industrial growth & continuous development of industries. The more cleared policies of investment makes it first choice from the point of view of foreigners for investment. Small scale industries are important from the point of view of state. Central as well as state government are designed the various policies to develop the SSI. However though the sources of credit available to them they are not able to access the same because of formalities. Number of small scale industries are growing in Maharashtra. It is one of the opportunities for banks to distribute the credits. The waving is one of the important handicraft business in Maharashtra. There are various handicraft items prepared by artisans. Paithani weaving , weaving ,bidri Art craft, Dolls Paper machine are the handicrafts business .The state Government arranges training program for them. The state also proposes the craft bazaars where handicrafts of artisans are sold. The state is the leader in the export compared to the all states in the country. More than 11362 persons depends on handloom for their livelihood. The state government provides them assistance with the help of the cooperative sectors through promotion ,publicity & awards. The approach of Maharashtra state government towards scheduled castes is give them the direct benefits. The special central assistance is provided to the person who belongs to scheduled castes & below poverty line. The population of scheduled castes in the state is 1,32,75,898 & percentage of scheduled caste to the total population of Maharashtra is 11.81% (Census 2011). The women & child development assistance started to improve socio -economic status of rural women .It is a step towards making them beneficiaries in the development process. The state makes policies to make them economically independent like eliminate the violence, equal Rights, participation in government activities.”Tejaswini Maharashtra Rural Women Empowerment Program” started for subsidized bank loans to the self help group from 8th Oct 2008. The poor people are generally deprived from the benefits offered by government .With the help of the loan sanctioned to the scheduled castes, loan sanctioned to the weaker section can creates good impact on socio-economic characteristics. In state of Maharashtra the

125 small help groups working actively with the help of finance & It is a way for them to earn for their livelihood. Agriculture in Maharashtra State-The state is taking production of various fruits, vegetables ,flowers ,medicinal & aromatic plants ,oilseeds, pulses, spices ,cereals. The Agriculture in India is big game of monsoon .Agriculture in the state is dominated by food grains on the basis of Geographical features state broadly divides into the 1)Konkan with coastal area 2)Sahyadri Hills ( Western Ghats) 3)The Deccan plateau

4.5.Agro climate zone of Maharashtra state-The rainy season is from July to september. There is variations in rainfall. There are nine agro climatic zone .It is based on the rainfall, soil type & crops.

Table Number 4-Agro climatic zone in Maharashtra Sr Name of the Zone Rainfall Geographical Spread Crops No 1 South Konkan Heavy Rainfall Ratnagiri & Sindhudurg Rice, Vari, Costal Line Oilseeds, Fruits & Dry fruits 2 North Konkan High Rainfall Thane & Raigad Rice, Vegetables coastal line ,Vari, Pulses ,Fruits 3 Western Ghat Zone 3000-6000mm Kolhapur,Satara,Pune,Ah Rice ,Ragi rainfall mednagar,Nasik ,Cereals, Fruits .different places having different rainfall

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4 Transition Zone I 700-2500mm Pune,Nasik,Satara,Sangli Kharif,Rabi,Veg ,Kolhapur (Covered 19 etables,Fruits tahsils of 5 districts) 5 Transition Zone II 700-1200mm Tahsils of Kharif & Rabi Dhule,Ahmednagar,Sang li, Central Tahsils of Pune,Nasik,Satara,Sangli ,Kolhapur 6 Scarcity Zone Less than It covers the 73.23 lakh Bajara, Jowar, 750mm in 45 ha. Groundnut, days Sanfflower, Pulses 7 Assured Rainfall 700-900mm Aurangabad,Jalana,Beed, Jowar, Oilseeds, Zone rain. Osmanabad,Parbhani,Lat Pulses ur,Nanded,Buldhana,Ako la,Amaravati,Yavatmal,J algaon,Dhule,Solapur

8 Moderate Rainfall 1130mm Wardha,Major part of Cottan, Jowar, Zone Nagpur,Yavatmal,2 Tur, Pulses Tahsil ,Oilseeds, Chandrapur,Aurangabad, Wheat Jalana,Parbhani,Nanded 9 Eastern Vidharbha 950mm- Bhandara,Gadchiroli, Pulses, Jowar, zone 1250mm on Chandrapur & part of Oilseeds western Nagpur ,Lythrus .1700mm on eastern side

Source- (Department of Agriculture Goverment of Maharshtra)1

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Allied Activities-livestock, poultry, fishery & forestry have great importance in terms of rural state. High protein diet like fish, eggs ,dairy increase the production of livestock & fishery. It created employment opportunities & subsequently develops the other sectors. Fisheries in Maharashtra-The share of Maharashtra in fisheries are significant i.e.16%.The state is occupying 720 km coastline. It also harvesting 32 types of fishes. The state is also providing various training programs for fish farming & management of aquarium. Irrigation –Irrigation sector is one of the largest in the country. The number of dams & storage capacity is large .Due to agricultural expansion there is need of more & more water for irrigation. Constraints on agricultural growth-Agriculture is the main business in almost every district of the state. Uncertainty of rainfall is the problem of every area except kokan region .Low yield ,Crop failure are the problems generating out of the same. Availability of poor resources is the problem of farmers as they are not able to take excess risk. Land degradation is another problem in the state .It leads towards soil erosion. Excess withdrawal of water from wells drying up wells in districts. There are problems like non availability of pesticides ,poor rural roads, inadequate cold storages.

4.6.Industrial Profile of Maharashtra state-The Maharashtra state designs industrial policies for development of industries as well as infrastructural facilities .Identifying the thrust sectors ,quality infrastructure ,employment generation, attractive foreign investment from foreign sectors, strengthen research & development ,survival of sick industrial units, industrial friendly environment ,support to the institutes. (SHRI SRIKARA NAIK, 2008- 2009)2. Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra state. The state is playing major role designing policies & development of infrastructure in the state. The state is having good infrastructural facilities like 6 major airports. The state also having two major & fifty three minor ports. The state is having stable political environment..Besides IT the state also supports electronics, pharmaceuticals ,food & agro processing, textiles & retail Sectors. Maharashtra Industrial development corporation (MIDC) has taken the responsibility of infrastructural development. Maharashtra Agro Industries Development Corporation

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(MAIDC) works on the Agro based units in the state. (State economy & Socio Economy of Maharashtra, 2010)3 The state is occupying 38% country’s automobile sector. Pune, Nasik, Aurangabad ,Nagpur are the major automobile centers .There are 277 public sector undertakings in India out of which 36 in Maharashtra. Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation(MIDC)-It was established in 1962.The development of industry is the primary objective. The infrastructural facilities development roads, water, electricity & services to the industrial areas. 1) Growth centre establishment 2) Small industries to cover all talukas 3) Five starred industrial area set up 4) Drainage, roads, street lights for industries.

Maharashtra Small Scale Industries Development corporation(MSSIDC)-It was set up in 1962 & the objective of the same was development of SSI. 1) Raw material procurement & distribution for SSI 2) Assistance for marketing activities for products, warehouse facilities. 3) Import & Export assistance 4) Handicraft artisans 5) Arrangement of exhibitions Maharashtra state Khadi & Village Industries Board(MSKVIB)-This board is established with an intention to develop the activities of Khadi & Village industries of the state. It gives financial aid to the individuals, institutions. Maharashtra Centre for Entrepreneurship development(MCED)-It provides practical & potential training to the new entrepreneurs. The headquarter is in Aurangabad .It provides information about product selection, Marketing activities .It conduct programs for women & SC/ST candidates.4 (Industrial State Profile of Maharashtra, 2011-2012) MSME development Institute (MSME-DI)-It develops the promotional & developmental needs. It covers 23 districts in the state .All the remaining districts were covered under MSME-DI Nagpur .It is established with an intention to keep coordination in state industries department, financial Institutions & banks, state promotional agencies ,universities, policy promotions, technical consultancy, public procurement policy, liaison with RBI, publish economical & statistical information,

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ii) Special economic zone-Maharashtra state always attracts FDI.In 2001 there was revision of Export Import policy & this policy revised for business productivity. All the developers who are covered under this are exempted from the all kinds of state & local duties .It includes sales tax, octroi ,cess .Domestic rules & regulations are eliminated it will create the free environment. Maharashtra state is trying to attract the FDI. There is expansion of export promotion. The Sanatacruz Electronics & Export Processing Zone(SEEPZ) already converted into economic zone.SEZ authority makes ensure that there is adequate flow of supply of water & power to the concerned zone.

Infrastructure Development-The State is well connected with six neighbor states. Sixteen national highways of the remaining part of the India can be connected with the same .Maharashtra State Road Transport corporation(MSRTC) is providing passenger & transport services in public sector. The railway transport is also developed .The state is connected with the rest of the India. Three international & five domestic airports in the state .There are two major ports Mumbai & Jawahar Lal Nehru port trust & 53 minor ports in the state. Industries in Maharashtra state are the major consumer of electricity with domestic & agriculture sectors. Table Number 5-Micro, Small, Medium Enterprise(MEME) in Maharashtra

Sr Name of the district Micro Small Medium Total no 1 5055 3751 101 8907 Mumbai Suburban

2 1903 1370 28 3301 Mumbai Greater

3 6894 7681 189 14764 Thane

4 1478 999 49 2526 Raigad

5 701 124 5 830 Ratnagiri

6 752 56 4 812 Sindhudurg

9825 8860 247 18932 Konkan Region

7 3869 1336 43 5248

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8 745 209 8 962 Dhule

9 Nandurbar 123 142 0 265 10 Jalgaon 1637 405 7 2049 11 Ahmednagar 1946 627 12 2585

Nashik Region 8320 2719 70 11109 12 13344 4397 130 17871 Pune

13 Sangli 2385 809 12 3206 14 Satara 1318 365 15 1698 15 2729 411 3 3143 Solapur

16 Kolhapur 8732 3098 37 11867 Pune Region 28508 9080 197 37785 17 1444 706 17 2167 Aurangabad

18 Jalana 257 138 9 404 19 Parbhani 349 76 0 425 20 163 139 0 302 Hingoli

21 Beed 797 118 0 915 22 Nanded 722 247 0 969 23 215 36 0 251 Osmanabad

24 Latur 734 159 2 895 Aurangabad Region 4681 1619 28 6328 25 230 85 3 318 Buldhana

26 Akola 578 112 1 691 27 Washim 186 17 1 204 28 789 106 0 895 Amravati

29 Yavatmal 753 88 0 841 2536 408 5 2949 Amravati Region

30 Wardha 531 82 4 917 31 Nagpur 5246 1503 47 6796 32 535 63 3 601 Bhandara

33 611 41 1 653

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34 Chandrapur 1174 112 3 1289 35 591 27 1 61 Gadchiroli

36 8688 1828 59 10317 Nagpur Region Maharashtra 69516 29635 735 99628 Source- (State Profile of Maharashtra, 2015-2016)5

Export in Maharashtra-The state majorly exports software ,textiles ,readymade garments, cotton yards, engineering items, plastic items. The state is also taking efforts by giving awards based on performance

Literacy Level –The literacy level is one of the indicator of economic development .The person who is above age 7 & can read & write in any language can be considered as literate. Literacy is important.

Table Number 6- Literacy Rate in Maharashtra Sr Number Literacy Male Literacy Rate(2011) Female Literacy Rate(2011) Rate(2011)

1 82.9% 89.8% 75.5% Source-Literacy Rate in India (Census 2011) 6 (Annual Plan, 2015-16)

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4.7.Branch Expansion of Banks-Banking Regulation Act 1949 were trying to control the expansion of bank branches .It was for the purpose of prevention of unsound banking practices & misuse of public money. It was the period when RBI judging that the opening of new branches of banks & allowing opening of banks in underdeveloped area is not in the interest of banking in country. Here the RBI were attracting the uneven development. (Jha, 2005 June) mentioned that how to open the branch was depends on economic profile of the district. The information of the centers is require to open the branches. However at that time also the lead bank were having the excuses like there is absence of basic infrastructure, constraint of manpower, However practically there is existence of many problems while establishment of branch in the various district area of the state like history of the districts, geography of the district infrastructure & location of the districts etc. Maharashtra is the state which is consists of large number of population .However any part of the same is excluded from the formal banking system .The vast section of the society from the various state requires banking services at affordable cost for the financial inclusion. The state financial inclusion plan –Maharashtra like ‘Swabhiman’ which of was the initiative taken by the Government of India to reduce the gap between urban & rural area. The promise behind the same is to provide the banking services where the population is above 2000.However the number of population is playing major role for establishment of branches. According to the population census 2001 there are many places in Maharashtra state which is under banked in terms of banks like Jalna,Kolhapur,Latur,Nanded,Nandurbar,Nasik,osmanabad,Parbhani,Satara,Solapur,Thane ,Wardha,Washim, Yavatmal etc.7 (Bhaskar, 2009) However the population is one of the most important factor in the establishment of bank branches. If the number of people are more banks are ready to establish more & more branches in the concern area. If the number of population is more there will be number of accounts which is automatically results in deposit mobilization. The lead bank scheme was the big push .It was the big step towards regional imbalances & socio-economic differences can be reduced with the help of same. However after many years also it is observed that there is positive relation in between the number of branches & population. Even today also according to the population the number of branches of lead banks vary.

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4.8.Profile of districts in Maharashtra

1.Thane District Profile -The original name of the Thane district is Sristhanaka. Agriculture-Agriculture is also important business in the district rice,ragi, varai,pulses are the main crops. The horticulture crops like mango ,cashew banana, coconut, chiku also cultivated .Dairy development is important business in the district, Industry-Various industries like chemicals, engineering products & textiles are the famous industries. It is one of the most important industrial district in Maharashtra state .It is the third industrialized district in the state. The district is broadly categorized under three parts ,i.e. The first area is having the impact of Mumbai metro.The second zone is famous for industrial area, The third zone of the district have cottage industries & primary processing agro industries.. Fisheries- Fishing activities also important in the district. mineral & mining activities are low. Literacy Level- The Literacy level of the district is 84.5%.The literacy in Urban area 88.55% & in rural area of the Thane district 70.60% Economy of the District-The economy of the district is mainly depends on non agriculture activities.

Population- According to the census 2011 the total population of the district 11,060,148 .It also ranks first amongst 35 districts in Maharashtra state population wise .It captures the 9.84% proportion to the total number of Maharashtra state population.76.99% of the population is living in the urban area of the district & 23.01% population lives in rural area of the district. There are near around 5,984 families live on footpath without roof. Lead bank of the district-Bank of Maharashtra is working as lead bank in Thane district .

2.- Pune is known as oxford of the east. The district is famous for education, It is the cultural capital of the Maharashtra state. The district has 14 talukas Agriculture-The climate of the district is favorable for crops like groundnut ,cotton. vegetables .pulses, sugarcane & fruits. The district is mainly famous for flower cultivation. The district is conducting major cultivation of various flowers. Agriculture is the main business of the district.

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Industry-Pune is the IT hub & famous for service industries. . There is tremendous growth in industrial sector which is traditional in nature. The automobile spare parts, food products, disel, engines ,medicine ,electronic items are the major items for exports. The Pune occupies second position in the state in terms of number of population .Availability of minerals in the district is low District economy-The economy of the pune district is based on agriculture as well as on industry. Bank of Maharashtra is acting as lead bank under the same. Population-The population of the Pune is 9,429,408.It covers 8.39% of proportion to the state.60.99% of the pune’s population lives in urban area & 39.01% lives in rural area of the district. The district has 1844 villages. literacy rate –The average rate of the Pune district 89.56%. The literacy in urban area 89.45% & 80.98% in rural area of the Thane district Lead bank of the district- Bank of Maharashtra is working as lead bank in Thane district .

3.Mumbai Suburban-It is declared as independent district w.e.f 1st oct 1990.According to the revenue the Greater Mumbai divided into the Mumbai City & Mumbai Suburban. The head quarter of the district is in Bandra & covers under .It consists of 87 villages with three talukas. Though area wise it is second smallest district in the state . (mumbaisuburban.gov.in)8 Industry-The district is famous for industrial area development. Some export items like engineering products, chemical products ,nylon garments, readymade garments ,textile, cotton as well as silk manufactured in the district. The district is having the potential for service industry. ( Indutrial Profile of Mumbai District)9 District economy-The district economy is mainly depends on manufacturing as well as service industry. Population-Population wise it carries third number in the state. The population is 93,56,962.The 100% population lives in the urban area & 0.00% lives in the rural area

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.Mumbai Suburban occupies 8.33% of the Maharashtra state. Population wise it carries third number in the state .Almost 4512 families does not have roof on their head. Literacy Rate-The average literacy rate of the district is 89.91%, Lead bank of the district-State Bank of India is acting as lead bank under the scheme.

4.- Nashik is the place of trade & commerce. It is located at north west part of the Maharashtra state10(www.nashik.nic.in) Agriculture-74% of the total district population is depends on agriculture. The main crops of the district are Wheat, Paddy, cereals are the crops of the district. However bajara & miaze occupied important position in agriculture. The district is famous for variety of vegetables & known as backyard of Mumbai. The district occupies more area under kharif crops compared to rabi The district is famous for grapes .The allied activities like poultry ,goat rearing, sheep are the business .The economy of the district is agriculture in Nature . Industry-The winery & sugar factories are the main industries.. There are 174 medium & large scale industries taking production in the district. Various industries like sugar manufacturing, gur manufacturing ,bidi making, soap manufacturing, oil mills, rice & dal mills, cotton ginning & pressing, power loom industry ,electrical & mechanical workshop, iron & tin works ,ayurvedic medicines, chemical factories ,confessionary ,saw mills, miscellaneous industries, The small traditional industries like silk working, handloom weaving, blanket weaving, gur making ,oil seed crushing ,blacksmith, carpentry also generating employment. District economy-Agriculture occupies important share in the district economy. Literacy Rate-The Nasik district has 82.3% literacy rate. The literacy in urban area of Nasik 89.12% & in rural area 77.19%. Population-Population of the Nasik District is 6,107,187 .42.53% population lives in urban area of the district.57.47% Population lives in rural area. Major population lives in the rural area. population wise it carries fourth number in the state. Out of the total population of Maharashtra State 5.15% occupied by the Nasik district. There is growth in population 22.30%.3,352 families stays on footpath without house. Lead bank of the district-Bank of Maharashtra is the lead bank in the Nasik district.

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5.-Nagpur is declared as second greenest city in India. It is major political & commercial center of Vidharabha. It is also known as Orange City. It consists of 12 talukas.It is one of the fastest growing city. The district has agrian & rural economy. The city is rich with various minerals & industries. (www.nagpur.gov.in)11 Agriculture & Allied Activities-The district mainly depends on agriculture. The production of crops like paddy ,jowar ,cotton ,tur, soyabean are the main crops of the district. floriculture business in the district is also growing, Variety flowers production is also increasing. The district is also famous for its work in the sericulture business which is bio-agro industry. The district is mainly rich with its resources of minerals like coal, manganese ore, dolomite, limestone, iron ore, clay, copper ,chromites, tungsten ore, zinc (District Indutrial Potential survey report of Nagpur District). 12The availability of minerals in the district in huge quantities. There is abundant availability of good quality sand for construction Fisheries-The fish business is depends on majorly on rivers, Even the Government of Maharashtra implementing Projects on fish farming. The district has greater scope in terms of horticulture, floriculture & fisheries. Industry- Engineering as well as Agricultural based industries situated in the district. The district is famous for its fruit orange there is greater scope for orange based industries & oil industries. (District Indutrial Potential survey report of Nagpur District) District Economy-The economy of the district is Agrarian in Nature. The city enjoys 11th ranked in the country in terms of competitiveness. The economy of the district is wealthy & it is considered as commercial center in vidharbha. Literacy Rate- The Nagpur district has literacy rate 88.39%. The literacy in urban area of Nagpur 91.37% & in rural area 81.92% Population-The total population of the city is 46,53,570. It covers 4.14% proportion of Maharashtra state population.68.31% of the total population lives in urban area & 31.69% population lives in rural area of the district. Population wise it carries the fifth number in the state .There are 2,689 families lives on the street without roof. There is growth in population near around 14.40%. Lead bank of the District- Bank of India is the lead bank for Nagpur district.

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6.Bhandara-The district is belongs to Vidharbha region. The district carries highest temperature in summer. The district divides into 7 talukas & 870 villages. Agriculture & Allied Activities-The economy of the district is agrian in nature.As many people lives in rural area they depends on Agriculture for their livelihood. The main crop of the district is paddy. Besides this various crops production like rice,wheat ,tur ,gram ,turmeric ,mango also taken in the district. The district is having good irrigation facility near around 85000hectures area is under the irrigation. The district is having sericulture business. Near around 119 hecture area of the district is under the sericulture. Fisheries-The district is famous for its lakes & tanks, The district is having potential for fisheries Minerals-In manganese ore found in large quantity. Iron ore, chromites, silliminite, corundum, phyrophyllite, kainite and quartz also found in the district. (District Industrial Potential Survey Reportof Bhandara District, 2009-2010) 13The district is well known for its natural resources like forest. The climate of the district is extreme in nature.As agriculture is the main business there is wider scope for allied activities. Industry-In 1978 the District Industries Center of Bhandara promotes various small cottage industries .There was continuous support under this program & industrial zone was declared he District Industries Centre, (DIC) program was launched on 1st May 1978 to provide a focal point for the promotion of small, village and cottage industries and to provide all services and support to the decentralized industrial sector. For this purpose, it located certain areas for industrial purpose, this was land in declared industrial zone. These units are entitled to procure land with negotiations and with consent of revenue and town planning authorities for conversion into non agriculture land for repaid and planned development. One co-operative industrial estate and M.I.D.C. areas have been established in the district .There are 87 registered units of SSI & 200 units of unregistered units. The district is having good infrastructure from the point of view of industry .However load shading is the major difficulty faced by the industries. The major exportable items rice, aluminum powder ,steel alloys. The availability of raw material is on large scale due to this the industries get material easily. There are industries like rice mills, bidi factories & oil mills in the district .There is also existence of cotton industries which is traditional un nature.

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District Economy-The Economy of the district is depend on agriculture as well as on industry. The industrial area of the district is underdeveloped as there is lack of entrepreneur skills. Literacy Rate-The Average literacy rate of the Bhandara district is 83.76%.The literacy rate in the urban area of the district is 90.74% & in rural area of the district literacy rate is 82.05% Population-The population of the district is 1,200,334.This population constitute 1.07% of total population of Maharashtra state .Out of the total population only 19.48% population lives in urban area of the district.80.52% population of the district lives in rural area.There are almost 352 families who are houseless & they do not have roof on their head. Lead bank of the district-Bank of India is the lead bank in the district.

7.Washim-It is one of the minority concentrated backward region Agriculture & Allied Activities-Near around more than 90% of the total population depends on agriculture .Soyabean,Cotton,Tur are the major crops of the district. Cotton is the main exportable item from the district. Failure of the crops is the major problem of the district. There is need to increase productivity of crops. The district is having favorable situation for floriculture & horticulture. kagzi lime, banana, papaya, and mandarin are the fruits cultivated in the district. However due to lack of irrigation & marketing facilities the district is not able to develop the same. The district is non-traditional in terms of development in sericulture. (Comprehensive District Agriculture plan Washim, 2012-13 to 2017)14 Industry-The district is having handloom industries, sugar industry, ginning-pressing mills ,leather goods, toys, oil mills. The industries majorly exports automobile parts. ( Washim District-Brief Industrial Profile of)15 District Economy-There is problem of unemployment as well as underemployment in the district. The district also needs basic health facilities. The economy of the district is totally based on agriculture. Literacy Rate-The total literacy rate in the district is 83.25%.The average literacy rate in the urban area is 88.29% & in the rural area of the district is 82.17%

Population-The total population of the district is 1,197,160.There is growth in the rate of population up to 17.34% compared to previous population. Near around 257 families are

139 houseless & they stays on foothpath.17.66% population stays in urban area of the district & 82.34% population lives in the rural area of the district. Lead bank of the district-State Bank of India is the lead bank of Washim district.

8.Hingoli-The district is part of . It has separated from Parbhani in the year 1999. It is broadly divided into the 5 talukas. The district is backwards in nature in terms of socio-economic development .It is one of the youngest district in Maharashtra. This district is famous for its pilgrims. Agriculture & Allied Activities-The district economy is agrian in nature. People depends on agriculture, forests & fishing activities. There is seasonal employment in the Agriculture. (A Baseline survey of Minority concentration districts of India Hingoli, 2008)16.The district cultivates major crops like cottan, jawar, wheat mango.cotton & jowar are the main crops in the district. There are no minerals in the district. However sand & stone required for the construction available. Industry-The Industries in the district are agro based, fruit processing, forest based, textile mill based & sugar mill based. District economy-The economy of the district is mainly depends on agriculture. Literacy rate-The total literacy rate of the district is 78.17%.The average literacy rate in the urban area 15.18% & in the rural area 84.82%. Population-The total population of the district is 1,177,345 .15.18% population lives in urban area of the district & 84.82% population lives in rural area of the district. There are almost 200 families which stays on footpath without roof. The growth of population is 19.27%. Lead bank of the district-The cooperative banks plays important role while arrangement of debt to the poors. The State Bank of India is the lead bank in .

9.Gadchiroli-The district gains its separate identity after 1982.Before that it was part of Chandrapur. The district is underdeveloped in nature .It is covered by maximum forest area.75.96% of the total geographical area of the district is covered by the forest. ( website)17

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Agriculture & Allied Activities-Paddy is the main crop of the district besides this it also produce bamboo & tendu leaves .Jawar,tur & Wheat are also the crop cultivated in the district .Major population is depends on agriculture. Industry-There is lack of big industries in the district. Very few industries like rice mills ,paper pulp & paper mills exists in the district. District economy-As there are few industries existing in the district the district is economically backward .Most of the population is tribal & they depends on primary activities in the economy. Literacy rate- The total literacy rate of Gadchiroli district is 74.36% The average literacy rate in the urban area 89% & in the rural area 72.52%. Population-The Total population of the district is 1,07,2942.Out of the total population 11% lives in urban area of the district & 89% population lives in rural area of the district. There is growth of population 10.58% which is comparatively low of census 2001.Almost 430 families does not have roof on their head. Lead bank of the district-Bank of India is the lead bank in the Gadchiroli district

10.Sindhudurg-The district is famous for its beaches ,temples ,forts. The district is having 8 tahsils.a Agriculture & Allied Activities-The major crop of the district are Rice. It also produces coconut, cashew,mangoes & kokam. There are small & marginal farmers who hold small pieces of lands. Only 23.48% area is under the irrigation facility. The availability of the natural resources is tremendous. The climate which is humid &warm is suitable for crops. The major minerals available in the districts are iron ore, bauxite, silica sand, dolomite, china clay, fire clay, feldspar, graphite. ( -Brief Industrial Profile )18 Industry-The fruit processing industries ,automobile industry, plastic parts ,transformers .There are opportunities in the district mining ,cashew processing & bamboo & wooden articles. The district majorly export minerals like iron ore, maganese ,bauxite, processed fish. ( Sindhudurg District-Brief Industrial Profile ) District economy-The economy is depend on agriculture & tourism Literacy rate The total literacy rate Sindhudurg district is 85.56 % The average literacy rate in the urban area 92.07% & in the rural area 84.63% Population-The total population of the district is 742,645.Out of the total population 12.59% lives in urban area of the district & 87.41% population lives in rural area of the

141 district. There is negative growth of population -2.21%.near around 411 families stays on footpath in the district. Lead bank of the district-Bank of India is the lead bank in Sindhudurg district. Conclusion-Maharashtra state carries second number in terms of population & district wise in India. It is economic power house in India. The sustainable industrial growth & continuous development are the characteristics of the country. Kharif & Rabi are the main types of crops in the state. This chapter covers the overview of Maharashtra state & it covers the ten districts of the state i.e. Thane, Pune,Mumbai suburban,Nashik,Nagpur,Bhndara,Washim,Hingoli,Gadchiroli,Sindhudurg on the basis of agriculture & allied activities ,industry, district economy ,literacy rate, population& lead bank of the district.

1 (2015-16). Annual Plan. Planning department. Government of Maharashtra Department of Agriculture Goverment of Maharshtra. (n.d.). Retrieved Aug Friday, 2016, from www.mahaagri.gov.in: http://www.mahaagri.gov.in/CropWeather/AgroClimaticZone.html#map

2 Shri Srikara Naik, A. K. (2008-2009). Handbook of Indutrial policy & Statstics. : Department of industrial policy & promotion.

3 (2010). State economy & Socio Economy of Maharashtra. India Brand Equity Foundation.

4 (2011-2012). Industrial State Profile of Maharashtra. Mumbai: MSME,Ministry of Micro,Small & Medium Entp.

5 (2015-2016). State Profile of Maharashtra. Mumbai: Ministry of MSME,government of India.

6 (2015-16). Annual Plan. Planning department. Government of Maharshtra.

7 Bhaskar, P. V. (2009). Master Circular on Branch Authorisation. Mumbai: Reserve Bank of India.

8 Indutrial Profile of Mumbai District. Goverment of India. Mumbai: Ministry of MSME.

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9 Indutrial Profile of Mumbai District. Goverment of India. Mumbai: Ministry of MSME.

10 www.nashik.nic.in. (n.d.). Retrieved Aug 30, 2016, from http://nashik.nic.in/

11 www.nagpur.gov.in. (n.d.). Retrieved Aug 31, 2016, from http://nagpur.gov.in/

12 District Indutrial Potential survey report of Nagpur District. Nagpur: Goverment of India. 13 2009-2010). District Industrial Potential Survey Reportof Bhandara District. Ministry of Small Scale Indutries. Goverment of India

14 (2012-13 to 2017). Comprehensive District Agriculture plan Washim. Washim: Goverment of Maharashtra.

15 Washim District-Brief Industrial Profile of. government of India. Nagpur: Ministry of MSME,.

16 (2008). A Baseline survey of Minority concentration districts of India Hingoli. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Delhi: Indian Council of Social Science Research.

17 Gadchiroli District website. (n.d.). Retrieved November 11, 2016, from gadchiroli.nic.in/egadchiro.htm

18 Sindhudurg District-Brief Industrial Profile . Goverment of India. Mumbai: Ministry of MSME.

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