The True Efficacy & Value of LUTRONIC® Medical Devices
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Melanocytes and Their Diseases
Downloaded from http://perspectivesinmedicine.cshlp.org/ on October 2, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Melanocytes and Their Diseases Yuji Yamaguchi1 and Vincent J. Hearing2 1Medical, AbbVie GK, Mita, Tokyo 108-6302, Japan 2Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Correspondence: [email protected] Human melanocytes are distributed not only in the epidermis and in hair follicles but also in mucosa, cochlea (ear), iris (eye), and mesencephalon (brain) among other tissues. Melano- cytes, which are derived from the neural crest, are unique in that they produce eu-/pheo- melanin pigments in unique membrane-bound organelles termed melanosomes, which can be divided into four stages depending on their degree of maturation. Pigmentation production is determined by three distinct elements: enzymes involved in melanin synthesis, proteins required for melanosome structure, and proteins required for their trafficking and distribution. Many genes are involved in regulating pigmentation at various levels, and mutations in many of them cause pigmentary disorders, which can be classified into three types: hyperpigmen- tation (including melasma), hypopigmentation (including oculocutaneous albinism [OCA]), and mixed hyper-/hypopigmentation (including dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria). We briefly review vitiligo as a representative of an acquired hypopigmentation disorder. igments that determine human skin colors somes can be divided into four stages depend- Pinclude melanin, hemoglobin (red), hemo- ing on their degree of maturation. Early mela- siderin (brown), carotene (yellow), and bilin nosomes, especially stage I melanosomes, are (yellow). Among those, melanins play key roles similar to lysosomes whereas late melanosomes in determining human skin (and hair) pigmen- contain a structured matrix and highly dense tation. -
Guidelines of Care for the 10 Most Common Dermatologic Diseases
1 Guidelines of Care for the 10 most common dermatologic diseases: Copyright by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Disclaimer Adherence to these guidelines will not ensure successful treatment in every situation. Further, these guidelines should not be deemed inclusive of all proper methods of care or exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed to obtaining the same results. The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific procedure must be made by the physician in light of all the circumstances presented by the individual patient. For the benefit of members of the American Academy of Dermatology who practice in countries outside the jurisdiction of the United States, the listed treatments may include agents that not currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 1. Acne Vulgaris 2. Alopecia Areata 3. Atopic Dermatitis 4. Contact Dermatitis 5. Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions 6. Nail Disorders 7. Psoriasis 8. Superficial Mycotic Infections of the Skin: Mucocutaneous Candidiasis, Onychomycosis, Piedra, Pityriasis, Tinea Capitis , Tinea Barbae, Tinea Corporis, Tinea Cruris, Tinea Faciei, Tinea Manuum, and Tinea Pedis. 9. Vitiligo 10. Warts: Human Papillomavirus 1 2 1- Guidelines of Care for Acne Vulgaris* Reference: 1990 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. I. Introduction The American Academy of Dermatology’s Committee on Guidelines of Care is developing guidelines of care for our profession. The development of guidelines will promote the continued delivery of quality care and assist those outside our profession in understanding the complexities and boundaries of care provided by dermatologists. II. Definition Acne vulgaris is a follicular disorder that affects susceptible pilosebaceous follicles, primarily of the face, neck, and upper trunk, and is characterized by both noninflammatory and inflammatory lesions. -
Negative Emotions in Skin Disorders: a Systematic Review
REVIEW ARTICLE Negative Emotions in Skin Disorders: A Systematic Review Emociones negativas en enfermedades de la piel: una revisión sistemática Carmela Mento1, Amelia Rizzo2?, Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello2, Rocco Antonio Zoccali2, Antonio Bruno2 1Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychological, Educational and Cultural Studies, ◦ University of Messina, Italy. Vol 13, N 1 2Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, https://revistas.usb.edu.co/index.php/IJPR University of Messina, Italy. ISSN 2011-2084 E-ISSN 2011-7922 Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to describe how negative emotions were investigated in the sphere of dermatological diseases, in order (1) to summarize literature trends about skin disorders and emotions, (2) to highlight any imbalances between the most studied and neglected emotions, (3) and to offer directions for future research. A computerized literature search provided 41 relevant and potentially eligible studies. Results showed that the study of emotions in skin disease is limited to Sadness/depression and Fear/anxiety. The emotions of Anger and Disgust have been poorly explored in empirical studies, despite they could be theoretically considered a vulnerability factor for OPEN ACCESS the development of skin disorders and the dermatological extreme consequences, as negative emotionality toward self and the pathological skin condition. The Editor: Jorge Mauricio Cuartas Arias, bibliometric qualitative analysis with VOSViewer software revealed that the Universidad de San Buenaventura, majority of the studies have been focused on the relationships between vitiligo Medellín, Colombia and Sadness/depression, dermatitis and Fear/anxiety, psoriasis, and Anger, suggesting the need of future research exploring Disgust and, in general, a wider Manuscript received: 30–04–2019 Revised:15–08–2019 emotional spectrum. -
General Dermatology an Atlas of Diagnosis and Management 2007
An Atlas of Diagnosis and Management GENERAL DERMATOLOGY John SC English, FRCP Department of Dermatology Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham, UK CLINICAL PUBLISHING OXFORD Clinical Publishing An imprint of Atlas Medical Publishing Ltd Oxford Centre for Innovation Mill Street, Oxford OX2 0JX, UK tel: +44 1865 811116 fax: +44 1865 251550 email: [email protected] web: www.clinicalpublishing.co.uk Distributed in USA and Canada by: Clinical Publishing 30 Amberwood Parkway Ashland OH 44805 USA tel: 800-247-6553 (toll free within US and Canada) fax: 419-281-6883 email: [email protected] Distributed in UK and Rest of World by: Marston Book Services Ltd PO Box 269 Abingdon Oxon OX14 4YN UK tel: +44 1235 465500 fax: +44 1235 465555 email: [email protected] © Atlas Medical Publishing Ltd 2007 First published 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Clinical Publishing or Atlas Medical Publishing Ltd. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to our attention. A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN-13 978 1 904392 76 7 Electronic ISBN 978 1 84692 568 9 The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, that the dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. -
Phacomatosis Spilorosea Versus Phacomatosis Melanorosea
Acta Dermatovenerologica 2021;30:27-30 Acta Dermatovenerol APA Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica doi: 10.15570/actaapa.2021.6 Phacomatosis spilorosea versus phacomatosis melanorosea: a critical reappraisal of the worldwide literature with updated classification of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis Daniele Torchia1 ✉ 1Department of Dermatology, James Paget University Hospital, Gorleston-on-Sea, United Kingdom. Abstract Introduction: Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis is a term encompassing a group of disorders characterized by the coexistence of a segmental pigmented nevus of melanocytic origin and segmental capillary nevus. Over the past decades, confusion over the names and definitions of phacomatosis spilorosea, phacomatosis melanorosea, and their defining nevi, as well as of unclassifi- able phacomatosis pigmentovascularis cases, has led to several misplaced diagnoses in published cases. Methods: A systematic and critical review of the worldwide literature on phacomatosis spilorosea and phacomatosis melanorosea was carried out. Results: This study yielded 18 definite instances of phacomatosis spilorosea and 14 of phacomatosis melanorosea, with one and six previously unrecognized cases, respectively. Conclusions: Phacomatosis spilorosea predominantly involves the musculoskeletal system and can be complicated by neuro- logical manifestations. Phacomatosis melanorosea is sometimes associated with ancillary cutaneous lesions, displays a relevant association with vascular malformations of the brain, and in general appears to be a less severe syndrome. -
Alopecia Areata Part 1: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Prognosis
Clinical Review Alopecia areata Part 1: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis Frank Spano MD CCFP Jeff C. Donovan MD PhD FRCPC Abstract Objective To provide family physicians with a background understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, histology, and clinical approach to the diagnosis of alopecia areata (AA). Sources of information PubMed was searched for relevant articles regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of AA. Main message Alopecia areata is a form of autoimmune hair loss with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 2%. A personal or family history of concomitant autoimmune disorders, such as vitiligo or thyroid disease, might be noted in a small subset of patients. Diagnosis can often be made clinically, based on the characteristic nonscarring, circular areas of hair loss, with small “exclamation mark” hairs at the periphery in those with early stages of the condition. The diagnosis of more complex cases or unusual presentations can be facilitated by biopsy and histologic examination. The prognosis varies widely, and poor outcomes are associated with an early age of onset, extensive loss, the ophiasis variant, nail changes, a family history, or comorbid autoimmune disorders. Conclusion Alopecia areata is an autoimmune form of hair loss seen regularly in primary care. Family physicians are well placed to identify AA, characterize the severity of disease, and form an appropriate differential diagnosis. Further, they are able educate their patients about the clinical course of AA, as well as the overall prognosis, depending on the patient subtype. Case A 25-year-old man was getting his regular haircut when his EDITor’s KEY POINTS • Alopecia areata is an autoimmune form of barber pointed out several areas of hair loss. -
Topographical Dermatology Picture Cause Basic Lesion
page: 332 Chapter 12: alphabetical Topographical dermatology picture cause basic lesion search contents print last screen viewed back next Topographical dermatology Alopecia page: 333 12.1 Alopecia alphabetical Alopecia areata Alopecia areata of the scalp is characterized by the appearance of round or oval, smooth, shiny picture patches of alopecia which gradually increase in size. The patches are usually homogeneously glabrous and are bordered by a peripheral scatter of short broken- cause off hairs known as exclamation- mark hairs. basic lesion Basic Lesions: None specific Causes: None specific search contents print last screen viewed back next Topographical dermatology Alopecia page: 334 alphabetical Alopecia areata continued Alopecia areata of the occipital region, known as ophiasis, is more resistant to regrowth. Other hair picture regions can also be affected: eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, and the axillary and pubic regions. In some cases the alopecia can be generalized: this is known as cause alopecia totalis (scalp) and alopecia universalis (whole body). basic lesion Basic Lesions: Causes: None specific search contents print last screen viewed back next Topographical dermatology Alopecia page: 335 alphabetical Pseudopelade Pseudopelade consists of circumscribed alopecia which varies in shape and in size, with picture more or less distinct limits. The skin is atrophic and adheres to the underlying tissue layers. This unusual cicatricial clinical appearance can be symptomatic of cause various other conditions: lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, folliculitis decalvans. Some cases are idiopathic and these are known as pseudopelade. basic lesion Basic Lesions: Atrophy; Scars Causes: None specific search contents print last screen viewed back next Topographical dermatology Alopecia page: 336 alphabetical Trichotillomania Plucking of the hair on a large scale. -
Alopecia Areata: Evidence-Based Treatments
Alopecia Areata: Evidence-Based Treatments Seema Garg and Andrew G. Messenger Alopecia areata is a common condition causing nonscarring hair loss. It may be patchy, involve the entire scalp (alopecia totalis) or whole body (alopecia universalis). Patients may recover spontaneously but the disorder can follow a course of recurrent relapses or result in persistent hair loss. Alopecia areata can cause great psychological distress, and the most important aspect of management is counseling the patient about the unpredictable nature and course of the condition as well as the available effective treatments, with details of their side effects. Although many treatments have been shown to stimulate hair growth in alopecia areata, there are limited data on their long-term efficacy and impact on quality of life. We review the evidence for the following commonly used treatments: corticosteroids (topical, intralesional, and systemic), topical sensitizers (diphenylcyclopropenone), psor- alen and ultraviolet A phototherapy (PUVA), minoxidil and dithranol. Semin Cutan Med Surg 28:15-18 © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. lopecia areata (AA) is a chronic inflammatory condition caus- with AA having nail involvement. Recovery can occur spontaneously, Aing nonscarring hair loss. The lifetime risk of developing the although hair loss can recur and progress to alopecia totalis (total loss of condition has been estimated at 1.7% and it accounts for 1% to 2% scalp hair) or universalis (both body and scalp hair). Diagnosis is usu- of new patients seen in dermatology clinics in the United Kingdom ally made clinically, and investigations usually are unnecessary. Poor and United States.1 The onset may occur at any age; however, the prognosis is linked to the presence of other immune diseases, family majority (60%) commence before 20 years of age.2 There is equal history of AA, young age at onset, nail dystrophy, extensive hair loss, distribution of incidence across races and sexes. -
Cutaneous Manifestation of Β‑Thalassemic Patients Mohamed A
[Downloaded free from http://www.mmj.eg.net on Thursday, January 14, 2021, IP: 156.204.184.20] Original article 267 Cutaneous manifestation of β‑thalassemic patients Mohamed A. Gaber, Marwa Galal Departement of Dermatology and Venereology, Objective Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt The aim was to study the prevalence of common dermatological problems in patients with Correspondence to Marwa Galal, MBBCh, β‑thalassemia major to help rapid treatment and prevent complications. Shiben Elkom, Menoufia, Background Egypt β‑Thalassemia major affects multiple organs and is associated with considerable morbidity Tel: +20 100 276 8385; Postal code: 32511; and mortality. In β‑thalassemia, a wide spectrum of skin diseases was identified, which were e‑mail: [email protected] caused by both the hemoglobin disorder and the complications of treatment. Patients and methods Received 07 August 2018 Revised 10 September 2018 This cross‑sectional study included 105 Egyptian patients (50 female individuals and 55 male Accepted 23 September 2018 individuals) with transfusion‑dependent β‑thalassemia major in the period spanning from June Published 25 March 2020 2017 to February 2018. The study was performed on child and adult patients of β‑thalassemia Menoufia Medical Journal 2020, 33:267–271 who presented to the hematology clinic, Menoufia University hospital. Skin examination of each patient was carried out, and any skin disease present was recorded. Results The main skin disorders that were noticed in decreasing order of frequency were pruritus (34.4%), xerosis (24.8%), urticaria (21.1%), freckles (17.1%), tinea infections (11.6%), pitriasis alba reported in 10.5%, scars (10.5%), hypersensitivity to deferoxamine pump (9.5%), herpes simplex (9.5%), acne vulgaris (8.6%), miliaria (6.7%), contact dermatitis (4.8%). -
Case of Persistent Regrowth of Blond Hair in a Previously Brunette Alopecia Areata Totalis Patient
Case of Persistent Regrowth of Blond Hair in a Previously Brunette Alopecia Areata Totalis Patient Karla Snider, DO,* John Young, MD** *PGYIII, Silver Falls Dermatology/Western University, Salem, OR **Program Director, Dermatology Residency Program, Silver Falls Dermatology, Salem, OR Abstract We present a case of a brunette, 64-year-old female with no previous history of alopecia areata who presented to our clinic with diffuse hair loss over the scalp. She was treated with triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injections and experienced hair re-growth of initially white hair that then partially re-pigmented to blond at the vertex. Two years following initiation of therapy, she continued to have blond hair growth on her scalp with no dark hair re-growth and no recurrence of alopecia areata. Introduction (CBC), comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), along the periphery of the occipital, parietal and Alopecia areata (AA) is a fairly common thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) test and temporal scalp), sisaipho pattern (loss of hair in autoimmune disorder of non-scarring hair loss. antinuclear antibody (ANA) test. All values were the frontal parietotemporal scalp), patchy hair unremarkable, and the ANA was negative. The loss (reticular variant) and a diffuse thinning The disease commonly presents as hair loss from 2 any hair-bearing area of the body. Following patient declined a biopsy. variant. Often, “exclamation point hairs” can be hair loss, it is not rare to see initial growth of A clinical diagnosis of alopecia areata was seen in and around the margins of the hair loss. depigmented or hypopigmented hair in areas made. The patient was treated with 5.0 mg/mL The distal ends of these hairs are thicker than the proximal ends, and they are a marker of active of regrowth in the first anagen cycle. -
Clinical Profile of Children with Pigmentary Disorders Accepted: 08-12-2019
International Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy Sciences. 2020; 3(1): 08-13 E-ISSN: 2664-942X P-ISSN: 2664-9411 Original Article www.dermatologypaper.com/ Derma 2020; 3(1): 08-13 Received: 06-11-2019 Clinical profile of children with pigmentary disorders Accepted: 08-12-2019 Dr. Sori Tukaram Dr. Sori Tukaram, Dr. Dyavannavar Veeresh V, Dr. TJ Jaisankar and Assistant Professor, Department of Skin & STD, Dr. Thappa DM GIMS, Gadag, Karnataka, India DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/26649411.2020.v3.i1a.31 Dr. Dyavannavar Veeresh V Abstract Associate Professor, Pigmentary disorders are believed to be the commonest group of dermatoses in pediatric age group [6]. Department of Skin & STD, but, there is a dearth of adequate data regarding the frequency and pattern of different types of GIMS, Gadag, Karnataka, India pigmentary disorders in children. Any deviation from the normal pattern of pigmentation results in significant concerns in the affected individual. Even, relatively minor pathologic pigmentary changes Dr. TJ Jaisankar can cause children to become pariahs in their community. This study was a descriptive study spanning Professor, Department of Skin over a period of 23 months. Institute ethics committee clearance was obtained. All children attending & STD, GIMS, JIPMER, the Dermatology out Patient Department (OPD) (6 days in a week) were screened for any cutaneous Pondicherry, India pigmentary lesions. Children (up to 14 years of age) with pigmentary disorders were included in the study after getting informed consent from the parents/ guardians. Out of 167 children, 53 (31.7%) had Dr. Thappa DM hyperpigmentation lesions only, whereas 108 (64.7%) had hypopigmentary lesions only. -
Safety and Efficacy of the JAK Inhibitor Tofacitinib Citrate in Patients with Alopecia Areata
Safety and efficacy of the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib citrate in patients with alopecia areata Milène Kennedy Crispin, … , Anthony E. Oro, Brett A. King JCI Insight. 2016;1(15):e89776. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.89776. Clinical Medicine Dermatology Inflammation BACKGROUND. Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by hair loss mediated by CD8+ T cells. There are no reliably effective therapies for AA. Based on recent developments in the understanding of the pathomechanism of AA, JAK inhibitors appear to be a therapeutic option; however, their efficacy for the treatment of AA has not been systematically examined. METHODS. This was a 2-center, open-label, single-arm trial using the pan-JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib citrate, for AA with >50% scalp hair loss, alopecia totalis (AT), and alopecia universalis (AU). Tofacitinib (5 mg) was given twice daily for 3 months. Endpoints included regrowth of scalp hair, as assessed by the severity of alopecia tool (SALT), duration of hair growth after completion of therapy, and disease transcriptome. RESULTS. Of 66 subjects treated, 32% experienced 50% or greater improvement in SALT score. AA and ophiasis subtypes were more responsive than AT and AU subtypes. Shorter duration of disease and histological peribulbar inflammation on pretreatment scalp biopsies were associated with improvement in SALT score. Drug cessation resulted in disease relapse in 8.5 weeks. Adverse events were limited to grade I and II infections. An AA responsiveness to […] Find the latest version: https://jci.me/89776/pdf CLINICAL MEDICINE Safety and efficacy of the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib citrate in patients with alopecia areata Milène Kennedy Crispin,1 Justin M.