YUDIATMAJA. et.al. A SystematicMIMBAR Literature, Vol. Review37, No. 1 ofst (June, the Research 2021) pp 24-35on Traditional Medicine Policy
A Systematic Literature Review of the Research on Traditional Medicine Policy
1WAYU EKO YUDIATMAJA, 2IMAM YUDHI PRASTYA, 3SELVI DIANA MEILINDA, 4TRI SAMNUZULSARI
1,2Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Jl. Raya Dompak, Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia 3Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Lampung, Jl. Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Gedong Meneng Raja Basa, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia 4Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Jl. Raya Dompak Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia email: [email protected]; [email protected]; 3 [email protected]
Abstract. The primary objective of this study is to explore the past and recent research in traditional medicine policy published by scholarly journals. From a series of reputable databases, including BMC, Cambridge, Elsevier, JSTOR, Sage, Science for further analysis. Using a systematic literature review, evidence from this work shows that the predominance of traditional medicine policy research is developed from theory and empirical studies, using random sampling and qualitative analysis. There are a wide variety of subject matters studied, but the research commonly focuses on Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The future research directions in this area are discussed to address various theoretical, methodological, and empirical gaps from the prior research. This study positively contributes to our understanding of the development and trends of traditional medicine policy.
Keywords: literature review, systematic literature review, traditional medicine policy
Introduction with human civilization. Many societies around the globe have utilized herbal This study is a systematic literature materials as a traditional medicine to heal review of the research on traditional medicine from various diseases (Schulz et al., 2004). policy. The central aims of this study are to For instance, in Japan, there is Campo, draw the development of the research of traditional medicine formulas used as traditional medicine policy, the trends, and vitamins and pharmaceuticals (Saito, 2000). direction for future research. World Health In Indonesia, Jamu, rooted in Javanese culture, has long been acknowledged as not as the medicine coming from indigenous only for medicine but also for health care, knowledge, theories, experiences, and beauty care, and endurance (Elfahmi et al., beliefs, usually used to maintain human 2014; Riswan & Sangat-Roemantyo, 2002) health and prevents disease (Wachtel- jamu is still very popular in rural as well Galor & Benzie, 2011). Traditional medicine as in urban areas. Based on its traditional is a cultural heritage handed down from use jamu is being developed into a rational generation to generation by the local people form of therapy, by herbal practitioners (Sackey & Kasilo, 2010). Usually, traditional and in the form of phytopharmaceuticals. medicine, both its interventions and therapies, is highly excluded by the Western economically and clinically. We surveyed the medical system (Hunter et al., 2017). most frequently used plants in jamu that Traditional medicine has existed along have also been investigated regarding their
Received: June 10, 2020, Revision: October 26, 2020, Accepted: June 08, 2021 Print ISSN: 0215-8175; Online ISSN: 2303-2499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v37i1.6264 Accredited Sinta 2 based on the decree No.10/E/KPT/2019 until 2024. Indexed by DOAJ, Sinta, Garuda, Crossreff, Dimensions
24 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499 MIMBAR, Vol. 37, No. 1st (June, 2021), pp. 24-35 constituents and pharmacological effects. Takayama et al. (2017) found that many The Indonesian government has divided the people have been applied for traditional preparation of medicinal plants into three medicine to address trauma, post-traumatic categories, i.e. jamu, standardized herbal stress disorder (PTSD), and other indications post-disasters. Many governments around the world There are several recent works of begin to concern about promoting traditional literature about the review of traditional medicines. In line with the global trend or alternative or herbal medicine research “back to nature”, the policymakers in many conducted by the scholars (Cao et al., 2010; countries begin to pay attention to the Eardley et al., 2012; Hall et al., 2012; development of traditional medicine. As a Kamsu-Foguem & Foguem, 2014; Li et al., consequence, rapid progress in traditional 2013). However, many of the reviews were medicine policy has occurred around the typically based on a medical perspective world. WHO (2019, p. 15) noted that 98 of employing medical dimensions in exploring its members had had a national policy on traditional medicine inquiries. The prior traditional medicine. The number increases review focused on several medical features of twofold if it is compared to 2005, which traditional medicine policy, such as medical are only 45 states. The policy is aimed to or diseases case and was limited to medical regulate various aspects of traditional medicine. These trends show that the growth recent literature by reviewing the research of consciousness of the countries to protect on traditional medicine from the policy and build their traditional medicines is in perspective. The policy perspective in this order to be an icon and economical product. study is positioned as the issue of traditional medicine in the context of government Research on the policy of traditional medicine is a part of the study in the area adjusting traditional medicine and policy of policy studies. Policy studies involve a mechanism controlling traditional medicine various spectrum of government activities in certain countries (Konisky & Teodoro, in addressing public affairs (Weible, 2014). 2016). As a consequence, the scope of policy is vast wide involving a large number of three ways. First, this study presents dimensions of public issues, such as energy, the review of the research results on the unemployment, taxation, economic growth, traditional medicine policy from 150 articles and including traditional medicine. Moreover, published in scholarly journals from 2010 policy studies have been developed as an to 2019. Second, this research answers integrated discipline by incorporating various three noteworthy questions, which are: (1) studies (Sabatier, 1991; Weimer, 2008). How is the research on traditional medicine policy? (2) What is the focus of the subjects Currently, because of its importance, in traditional medicine policy? and (3) What traditional medicine is still used and believed methodologies are being used? Finally, this by many societies. Although the use of study uses content analysis by systematically biomedicine is still dominant, many studies reviewing the literature related to traditional have found that traditional medicine has been medicine policy. used by many people on different continents in the world. Societies still believe in the This article is prepared in four sections Liu et al. (2011) reviewed Traditional Chinese containing the background and purpose of Medicine (TCM) used as a cancer treatment this study that includes the rationale of this in China. They revealed that almost ninety- nine percent of patients had used TCM for the study. Methods of the study are drawn in cancer treatment in China. Maroyi (2013) the second section that discusses research presented that there are 93 medicinal methods, process of gathering data, and plants employed by the poor communities to resolve a series of diseases in Zimbabwe. section contains the results and discussion In his study on Australian Aborigin, Oliver of the study based on several categories that (2013) also showed that traditional medicine will be shed light on. The last stage concludes is utilized as complementary to biomedicine. the results of the paper. By reviewing articles published before 2016,
Accredited by Sinta Rank 2 based on Ristekdikti No.10/E/KPT/20 25 YUDIATMAJA. et.al. A Systematic Literature Review of the Research on Traditional Medicine Policy
Research Methodology (a) article type (essays, research paper, and review paper), (b) research purpose For the research purpose, this paper (descriptive, explanative, explorative), and (c) the frameworks or perspective used policy as all of the research articles related to (institutional, regulation, cultural); (2) the government policy of traditional medicine the theory used, including (a) the article around the world, including both policy cited and developed an existing theory processes (formulation, implementation, and or not, and (b) the article investigated or evaluation) and policy analysis (Yudiatmaja, enlarged or built a theory; (3) the main and 2012, 2016). A systematic literature review secondary subjects of study; (4) the unit of using PRISMA (The Preferred Reporting Items analysis (organization, persons, policy); (5) for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) methodological preferences, including (a) was conducted to achieve the study’s method of gathering data, (b) data sources, purpose. It was commonly employed to (c) technique of analysis, (d) sample size, report a literature review and meta-analysis and (e) logic of sample choice. (Fink, 2014). The articles were gained from a reputable electronic database, both open and This study followed three steps. In the earlier phase, the articles related to the Elsevier, JSTOR, Sage, Science Direct, issue of traditional medicine policy were Scopus, Springer, Taylor and Francis, and searched. A content analysis was conducted Wiley. The searching for electronic data from to analyze the articles (Elo & Kyngäs, 2008; the databases was conducted by using the Hsieh & Shannon, 2005). A series of coding keywords “policy” and “traditional medicine.” was used to help in sorting out the articles. From search results, it generated 301 In the beginning, it was found 301 articles articles and eliminated 122 articles because discussing traditional medicine policy, of duplication or irrelevant content, so that and 122 items were excluded because of it yielded 179 articles. From the number of inapplicability. 29 articles were further articles, the articles further analyzed were removed in order to rest only 150 articles. 150 articles from 36 journals (see Figure 1). Then, the data gathered were analyzed using SPSS to perform the trends of the research In this study, following Fitzpatrick’s et and patterns in traditional medicine policy by al. (2011) logic, the articles collected were time and by journals. The steps are as drawn coded as follows: (1) research type, including in Figure 1.