The Study on Upgrading of – Cuamba Road DRAFT FINAL REPORT in the Republic of August 2007

Legend Dry Cropland & Pasture Evergreen Broadleaf Forest Evergreen Needle leaf Irrigated Cropland Forest

Cropland/Grassland Mixed Forest

Cropland/Woodland Water

Grassland Herbaceous Wetland

Shrub land Wooded Wetland

Shrub land/Grassland Barren

Savanna Developed

Deciduous Broadleaf Forest Partly Developed

Deciduous Needle leaf Forest Unclassified

Figure 5.2.5 Vegetation Map in the Project Area

Source: JICA’s preliminary study 2006

Cuamba

Malema Ribaue Nampula

Figure 5.2.6 Forest Reserve Map in the Project Area

Source: Reservas florestais de Nampula December 1998, Ministry of Agriculture

According to the IUCN red list, 80 flora species and 229 of rare fauna species are listed as endangered in Mozambique. However there is no detailed flora and fauna survey of the study area available at the moment.

Fauna Regarding wildlife, some documents state that rich animal diversity such as hyena, wildcat, mongoose, lion and African elephant exist in the study area.

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However, only the presence of African elephant, lion, Nile crocodile and mongoose has been confirmed by the interviews during the stakeholder meetings. A Map of the wildlife habitat is shown below.

Cuamba Ribaue Nampula

Figure 5.2.7 Mammals Distribution Map Source: Head of wildlife Department, Provincial coordinator of community unit & wildlife management, Ministry of Agriculture in Nampula

African elephants in the Niassa forest reserve are well known for their migration. Some minor corridors are located in Mozambique, but the main corridor is situated between the Niassa and Selous forest reserve in Tanzania.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture Wildlife Department, 7 minor corridors exist between the Niassa forest reserve and the eastern coast in . (see Figure 5.2.7) One of the corridors “Route II” passes near the border of Nampula and . The migration happens both ways; once a year from Niassa Forrest Reserve to the coastal area during the rainy season from December to June. Route II, passes along the west side of Cuamba,(border of Niassa and Nampula) , through the Ribaue,Mpalwe and Mecuburi (northern area of Namina).forest reserves There are a total of 30 families and it is estimated that some 400 – 500 elephants are moving annually along route II. The number of elephants has reduced in the last few years due to poaching and the lack of control by the relevant organization in the Niassa Forrest Reserve.

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Figure 5.2.8 African Elephant Corridors from Niassa Forest Reserve Source: presentation material “Conflicts between human and animals” Mr. Aly Awasse / Head of wildlife Department, Provincial coordinator of community unit & wildlife management, Ministry of Agriculture in Nampula

According to a specialist of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in , two minor migration routes are located near the project area. One migration route is passing through Maua, Nipepe, Mutuali in Malema district and west of Cuamba from the Niassa forest reserve, and arrives at the Lake Amaramba near the border of Malawi. Another route is passing Maua and goes to the lake directly. (see following map of the migration routes based on interview) The migration routes are not crossing the N13 due to the many human activities near the road side.

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