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On Novels by Black American Women: a Bibliographical Essay City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Women's Studies Quarterly Archives and Special Collections 1978 On Novels by Black American Women: A Bibliographical Essay Rita B. Dandridge How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/wsq/257 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Rita 8. Dandridge A slightly better bibliography, published the 1975) and Eva's Man (New York: Random same year, is Darwin T. Turner's Afro­ House, 1976); Toni Morrison's Sula (Alfred On Novels by American Writers (New York: Appleton­ Knopf, 1973); Carlene Polite's Sister X and Black American Women: A Bibliographical Essay Century-Crofts, 1970). With emphasis on the Victims of Foul Play (New York: the major works published by Afro-Ameri­ Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1975); Ann The following is part of a bibliographical can writers in the twentieth century, Turner Shockley's Loving Her (New York: The essay which will appear in Black Women's lists eighteen Black American female Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1974); and Studies, to be published by The Feminist novelists and their works. Special features Alice Walker's Meridian (New York: Press. The complete essay goes on of the Turner bibliography include such Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976). Most to include extensive bibliographical infor­ annotations as an asterisk following an of the foregoing out-of-print older novels mation on individual Black women entry to indicate novels of special im­ and difficult-to-purchase newer ones can novelists. portance and a dagger sign to indicate the be ordered from several reputable distribu­ availability of the work in paperback. The tion points: 1) AMS Press, Inc., 56 East Novels written by Black American women most extensive listing of novels written by 13 Street, New York, New York 10003; have been woefully neglected by scholars, Black American women is that of Ora 2) McBlain Books, Box 971, Des Moines, Black and white. They have been mentioned Williams in American Black Women: In the Iowa 50304; and 3) University Place Book in footnotes, cited in cross-references, Arts and Social Sciences (Metuchen, New Store, 840 Broadway, New York, New tucked away in bibliographies, and glossed Jersey: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1973, York 10003. over in reviews and surveys. Few are men­ pp. 33-36). Williams lists 51 novels written tioned in the Encyclopedia Americana. No by 3 5 Black American women. II. LITERARY AND comprehensive study of the novel by PERSONAL BACKGROUND Black American women exists. To date, no Supplement to Bibliographies • individual Black American female novelist Sources of information about the literary and her novels have been dealt with in a Important novels published before 1973 backgrounds and personal lives of Black book-length published study. Doctoral dis­ but not included in the current bibliog­ women novelists are scarce and generally sertations on the Black American female raphies are Dorothy Lee Dickens's Black on unpublished. Information relating to the novelist are only just beginning to emerge, the Rainbow (New York: Pageant Press, unpublished sources of novels by Black and contributions to scholarly journals on 1952); Pauline Hopkins's Contending American women still living can be ob­ her novels are few and far between. In view Forces (Boston: Colored Cooperative Pub­ tained either by writing to the authors listed of the neglect of these novels, this essay has lishing Co., 1900); Audrey Lee's The in Ann Allen Shockley's and Sue P. Chand­ been written as a guide for teachers and Workers (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969); ler's biographical directory entitled Living students. Cleo Overstreet's The Boar Hog Woman Black American Authors (New York: R.R. (New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc., Bowker Company, 1973) or by writing to I. GUIDE TO THE NOVELS 1972); Carlene Hatcher Polite's The Flagel­ the authors not listed in the directory in /ants (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, care of their publishers. Bibliographies 1967), also published in France under the Several bibliographies, including a listing of title of Les Flagel/ants in 1966; Felice Autobiographies Swados's House of Fury (New York: novels by Black American women, are avail­ The two published autobiographies by Doubleday, Doran and Company, Inc., able. Professor Robert A. Corrigan, former Black American women novelists are director of the Institute for Afro-American 1946); and Zara Wright's Kenneth, pub­ Gwendolyn Brooks's Report from Part Culture, University of Iowa, published a lished under the same cover with her Black One: The Autobiography of Gwendolyn "Bibliography of Afro-American Fiction: and White Tangled Threads (Chicago: Bar­ Brooks (Detroit: Broadside Press, 1972) 1853-1970" in the Summer 1970 issue of nard and Miller, 1920). Popular novels and Zora Neale Hurston's Dust Tracks on a Studies in Black Literature, pp. 51-86. written by Black American women after Road (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Though Professor Corrigan lists a consider­ the publication of Williams's bibliography Company, 1942). able number of novels by Black American include Arthenia Bates's The Deity Nodded women, gives the prices of the novels, and (Detroit: Harlo Press, 1973); Rosa Guy's Letters and Personal Papers indicates which novels can be obtained in The Friends (New York: Holt, Rinehart paperback, his bibliography has two serious and Winston, 1973) and Ruby (New York: To my knowledge, no letters of a single drawbacks: secondary works written by Viking Press, 1976); Gayle Jones's Black American female novelist have been Blacks are not distinguished from those Corregidora (New York: Random House, published. Zora Neale Hurston's letters and written by whites, and most novels are not papers, however, can be found in the Uni­ distinguished from short story collections. versity of Florida library at Gainesville, and in the James Weldon Johnson Collec- 28 tion of Yale University. Ann Petry's ietters Black Writers (New York; Liveright, 1973). and papers can be found at the University In the same volume, O'Brien interviews of Connecticut. Alice Walker. Another important source is Margaret Alice Walker's second novel, Meridian, a Walker's paper, How I Wrote Jubilee , pub­ study of the civil rights movement of the lished in pamphlet form ( 3 6 pages) by 1960s, is the focus of Jessica Harris's inter­ Third World Press in 1972. view with her in Essence 7 (July 1976): 33. Articles Ill. CRITICISM Zora Neale Hurston, in "Characteristics of General Criticism Negro Expression ," Negro : An Anthology , Although no full-length study of the novel ed. Nancy Cunard (New York : Frederick by Black American women has appeared, Ungar Publishing Company, [reprint) novels written by Black American women 1970), describes the primary characteristics have received token respect in other book­ of Negro expression and names the Negro 's length studies. The first full-length study three major contributions to the language : of Black fiction in America, Nick Aaron the use of met aphor and simile , the use of Ford's Contemporary Negro Novel (Boston: the double descriptive, and the use of the Meador Co., 1936), examines novels from verbal noun. In "The Task of the Negro 1914 to 1936 and illu_minates the views of Writer as Artist," Negro Digest 14 (April Black writers on issues of race. Ford con­ 1965 : 54-74, notes by Gwendolyn Brooks centrates on such themes in the novel as and Kristin Hunter on what a good Negro segregation, passing, prejudice, imitation, writer should be are included. In "Black Zora Neale Hurston. From Zora Neale and social intermingling. He includes in his Writers' Views on Literary Lions and Hurston: A Literary Biography, by Robert E. study nine men and two women (Fauset Values," Negro Digest 17 (January 1968) : Hemenway, published by the University of and Larsen); he does not refer to any Black 10-47, Gwendolyn Brooks, Alice Childress, Illinois Press, which has also just brought out a paperback reprint of Their Eyes Were female novelists before Fauset, and he does Kristin Hunter, Alice Walker, and Margaret Watching God. not examine all the novels of the two Walker examine the values and literary Black women he has chosen to write on. characteristics of great Black writers. In Published 12 years after Ford's study "The Negro Woman in American Litera­ with George Stavros, which first appeared was Hugh Gloster's Negro Voices in Ameri­ ture," Freedomways 6 (Winter 1966): in Contemporary Literature 11 (1970): can Fiction (Chapel Hill: University of 8-25 , Sarah E. Wright, Alice Childress, 1-20, Gwendolyn Brooks, in addition to North Carolina Press, 1948). Gloster, like and Paule Marshall speak on and against discussing her poetry , answers very specific Ford, gives more attention to the novels the negative image of Black women por­ questions about Maud Martha (19 5 3 ). of Fauset and Larsen than to novels by trayed in American literature and also Jerry Ward's "Legitimate Resources of any other women. Though he does devote point out the few good images of Black the Soul: An Interview with Arthenia Bates one or two pages each to such novels as women in literature-mostly given by Black Millican," Obsidian 3 (Spring 1977): 14-34, Frances Harper's Iola Leroy (1892), Pauline women writers themselves. exposes Millican's views on Black human­ Hopkins's Contending Forces (1900), Sarah The Book News Section of The Buffalo ism and the Black aesthetic, and includes Fleming's Hope's Highway ( 1918), and Evening News, November 15, 1975, p. 7, comments on her poetry, short stories, and Zora Neale Hurston's]onah's Gourd Vine contains relevant statements by and about novel.
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