Connecting Managers, Service Providers and Clients in Bombali District, Sierra Leone
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Mobile health: Connecting managers, service providers and clients in Bombali district, Sierra Leone Intervention study on mHealth for maternal and newborn health in resource-poor community and health system settings, Sierra Leone Final report DFID New and Emerging Technologies Research Competition, Phase 2 The project consortium partners are: University of Sierra Medical Research Government of Sierra Leone Centre Leone This publication was made possible thanks to the financial support of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) with co-funding from the Public Private Partnerships Sierra Leone programme within MDG5 Meshwork.1 For enquiries, contact: Medical Research Centre (MRC) Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) Dr Heidi Jalloh-Vos Mr Hermen Ormel 5 Frazier Davies Drive Senior Advisor Freetown PO Box 95001, 1090 HA Amsterdam Sierra Leone The Netherlands Tel +232 76 684 337 Tel +31 20 568 8578 E-mail [email protected] E-mail [email protected], www.kit.nl This is an open access publication permitting unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Disclaimer: this document is an output from a project funded by DFID for the benefit of developing countries. However, the views expressed and information contained in the report are not necessarily those of, or endorsed by, DFID, which can accept no responsibility for such views or information or for any reliance placed on them. Suggested citation: Jalloh-Vos H et al. (2014), Mobile health: Connecting managers, service providers and clients in Bombali district, Sierra Leone. mHealth for maternal and newborn health in resource-poor community and health system settings, Sierra Leone. Final report. Amsterdam: KIT. Cover photos (clockwise from top left): Road in Bombali district (photo: KIT); Busy day at a clinic in Bombali district (photo: MRC); supportive field supervision Makamary village Bombali (photo: KIT); Training Wedge 2 PHU staff (photo: MRC); phone and solar charger equipment (photo: Fatou Wurie Photography); Traditional birth attendant making a call (photo: MRC). 1 The MDG5 Meshwork for Improving Maternal Health is a cross-sector, cross-disciplinary network of more than 30 organizations based in Sierra Leone, Afghanistan and the Netherlands (www.mdg5-meshwork.org). 2 | mHealth: Connecting managers, service providers and clients in Bombali district, Sierra Leone Mobile health: Connecting managers, service providers and clients in Bombali district, Sierra Leone Intervention study on mHealth for maternal and newborn health in resource-poor community and health system settings, Sierra Leone Final report DFID New and Emerging Technologies Research Competition, Phase 2 April 2014 Authors Heidi Jalloh-Vos, Medical Research Centre, Freetown Hermen Ormel, KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam Korrie de Koning, KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam Alpha Mohamed Jalloh, Medical Research Centre, Freetown Kathy Herschderfer, KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam Rolla Khadduri, MannionDaniels Ltd, Bath Fernando Maldonado, KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam Sarian A.Y. Kamara, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown Abdul K. Jalloh, Medical Research Centre, Freetown Liezel Wolmarans, KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam Bailah Leigh, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown Edward Magbity, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown David Daniels, MannionDaniels Ltd, Bath Hajo van Beijma, Text to Change, Amsterdam Samuel Kargbo, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown Isaac Palmer, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown Lynda Foray-Rahall, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown Peter Hessels, KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam mHealth: Connecting managers, service providers and clients in Bombali district, Sierra Leone | 3 4 | mHealth: Connecting managers, service providers and clients in Bombali district, Sierra Leone Acknowledgements This report reflects the efforts of many people, and all contributions are greatly appreciated. We would first like to thank the health service clients who enrolled in the mHealth communication scheme and community members who agreed to being interviewed, thus bringing demand-side perspectives towards health services to life. We are grateful to the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation and thank the Hon. Deputy Minister II, Mr Foday Sawi, for his leadership and the Ministry’s vision and effort to make this study happen. The Bombali district health management team members, health facility staff and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) took time from their busy schedules to engage with the mHealth programme interventions and meet with the data collectors to provide answers to the survey and interview questions; we cannot thank them enough. We also thank the team of data collectors who helped develop and pilot the surveys and interview topic guides and who spent many hours in the field visiting facilities and homes to collect data: - Henry J. Squire, lecturer, University of Sierra Leone - Elsie Clarissa Aye-Femi Lisk, - Rodney Isaac Lambert, - Josephine M.R. Robert, - Eddison Jambah Amara, - Geraldeen Hastings-Spaine, - Alpha Thomas Ensah, - Alhaji M. Nyakoi, - Agatha Massaquoi, - Theresa Rhodes, and - Grace Bangura — all students at the University of Sierra Leone. We furthermore want to thank the stakeholders from government institutions, private businesses, non- governmental organizations and donor agencies who participated in the process for sharing their valuable insights. Specifically, we would like to thank Airtel for their collaboration in a spirit of corporate social responsibility, which led to a reduction in the cost of services that was much appreciated. The authors represent six organizations that together formed the consortium that undertook the DFID NET-RC research call application and implementation, and we wish to thank our colleagues for their support during the preparation, implementation and completion of this study, from the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), the Medical Research Centre (MRC) and the University of Sierra Leone (USL), all from Sierra Leone; the Netherlands-based KIT Royal Tropical Institute and Text to Change; and MannionDaniels (UK). All consortium partners contributed to the final report by reviewing draft versions and providing their insights and comments. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the financial support from main funder DFID and co-funder MDG5 Meshwork. mHealth: Connecting managers, service providers and clients in Bombali district, Sierra Leone | 5 6 | mHealth: Connecting managers, service providers and clients in Bombali district, Sierra Leone Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................. 5 Abbreviations and acronyms ................................................. 11 Executive summary ............................................................... 13 Implications for the health system .................................................... 17 1 Introduction ....................................................................... 23 1.1 mHealth feasibility study results ............................................... 23 1.2 mHealth intervention study ...................................................... 24 2 Context ............................................................................... 27 2.1 Maternal and newborn health worldwide .................................... 27 2.2 Maternal and newborn health in Sierra Leone ............................. 27 2.3 Bombali district ...................................................................... 29 2.4 Priorities for MNH in Sierra Leone.............................................. 30 2.5 mHealth in the international context.......................................... 30 2.6 The scope for mHealth to improve maternal and newborn health .. 31 2.7 mHealth for maternal and newborn health in Sierra Leone ........... 33 3 Study design and methodology .......................................... 37 3.1 Intervention study objectives ................................................... 37 3.2 Interventions ......................................................................... 37 3.3 Methodology .......................................................................... 40 3.4 Study limitations ..................................................................... 46 4 Intervention descriptive information and process .............. 51 4.1 Health facility information ................................................... 51 4.2 Participant characteristics ................................................... 52 4.2.1 Participants in qualitative interviews and FGDs (midline and endline) ........ 52 4.2.2 Health worker survey respondents ................................................................. 54 4.3 Intervention stages ............................................................. 55 4.4 Client enrolment ..................................................................... 56 4.5 Enrolment challenges and sensitivities ....................................... 59 4.6 Phones and solar chargers ................................................... 62 4.7 VPN, network coverage and network providers ................... 63 4.8 Health workers’ ownership of and access to phones ............ 66 4.9 Paying for phone calls ............................................................. 67 4.10 Charging the phone ................................................................. 68 4.11 Calling versus texting .............................................................