.VI. NOTICES DESCRIPTIVE OF THE LOCALITIES OP CERTAIN SCULPTURED STONE MONUMENT N FORFARSHIREI S , &o. (PAR TANDREY I.)B W JERVISE, ESQ., Con. MEM. S.A. SCOT. IN introducing the following notices on the antiquarian and historical pecu- liaritie sculpturee f somth o s f o e d stone monument countiee th n si f Forfarso , Perth, and Kincardine, it may be observed, that they will be confined chiefly to an account of such traces of ancient sepulture, or of other prehistoric remains, as I have either seen myself, or learned from undoubted authority, of having been foun thein di r neighbourhood theso alss T i .t o ei intende somd f ad the o eo d t - more ancien importand an t t points relatin proprietore th o t g y e historth f o y different districts in which these obelisks are situated. n thuI s entering upo e subjecnth f theso t e remarkable monumentsy ma t ,i be observed, that the more than ordinarily rude style in which those of Bruce- ton and Dunnichen are carved perhaps indicates these to be the most ancient in districte th . Thoug figuree hth f bot o sincisede har , they differ totall- de n yi sign ; and the Bruceton stone seems the more primitive of the two. Unlike that of Dunnichen, it does not appear to have been previously prepared to 8 18 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F F SO YO

receive the carving, by a hammering down of the surface or otherwise. But, apart fro e affinitmth f thesyo e stone o eact s h othe n poini r rudenesf o t f so desig executiond nan remarkabls i t i , e tha traditione th t f boto s h localitiee sar onlnot y linked with identical incidents morthe e prominenbut , t mountainsin both districts bear identical names. Within two miles of Bruceton we have the ancient hill-for f Barro t y; and , abou a likt e distance from Dunnichens i ,

well-knowe th n hil Dunbarrowf o l , confounded with tha Barrr Playf to D y y-b accouns fairparishi e n th i , f Meiglf o th o e j1 and, accordin commogo t n tradition, both of these hills were used as prisons for Guanora, queen of the fabulous Prince Arthur. Although history is silent regardin e occurrencgth early an yf econflico t a t Bruceton, tradition says that "dreadfua l battle foughs wa " t time therth en ei of Robert the Bruce ; and to that circumstance, according to the peasantry, the monumental ston f Brucetoo e n owe s nam it sorigind an e t iI s .certai n that trace f earlso y sepulture have been localitye founth n i d , sufficiently grean i t quantit shoyto w that ther eitheehad r bee engagementnan tha districor , the t t was much more populous and important at a remote period than one would now suppose.

The BEITCETON MONUMENT stands in the parish of Alyth, within the county of Perth, but on the very borders of Angus, in the Haugh of the Isla, about a mile east of the old castle of Inverqueich, where King Edward I. abode a night in July 1296. During last autum immediate nth e vicinit thif yo s monumens twa searched by Dr "Wise and myself, but nothing particular was found. On making inquiry abou histors it t previoua t ya s s informedatewa I , d that about fifteen years ago, several stone coffins were discovered twent thirtr yo y yards N.E. e ofth monument; and also, about eight years since, while a hillock was being levelled adjoinine onth gS.W.e far th workmee o mth t , n discovere circleda , builf o t rude land stones circle Th e. measured about eight yard surss across-wa d an , rounde trenca y db h abou feeo ttw t deepe trenc Th alss . ohwa constructef do common land stones, and contained a quantity of black clammy earth, and some fragment f boneso s . Perhaps these remains indicat greateea r antiquity than the days of Bruce, to whose time, as before hinted, the peasantry attribute the origin of all the ancient graves which are found in this quarter. Three park sBrucetoe westh f o t n Stone there stood, until lately ruda ,- eun embellished boulder ,fee n eighte t r highto , which also, accordin commogo t - nre port referencd ha ,time th Brucef eo o et . Another obelis hillsidee th n ko , north

1 Statistical Account, vol. i., p. 580. ANTIQUARIES OF . 189

of the site of the last-named, still remains, and is called " The Stannin' Stane o' Shanzy." It was partially searched some time ago, and some loose stones wer besidt ego e it; valleywhilse th n i t , betwixt that ston Brucetond ean , vari- ous traces of ancient interments have been found. t howeveBu conflica f r o vagu e b tstore haviny eth yma g taken plac t Brnceea - ton in old times, Chalmers affirms that a battle was fought at Dunnichen, in A.D. 685, betwee e Pictisnth h king Bride d Egfrian i f Northumbriado , when lattee s defeateth rwa slain.d an d 1 Subsequently, nea same rth e place, Fere- deth, the Scots king, and his army, shared the same fate at the hands of Alpine, Pictise th h prince.2

The DUNNICHEN MONUMENT was found in a field called the Chashel or Castle Park, and a stone coffin and bones were got below it. The site is now a quarry, and the flat ground immediately south of the terrace, upon which stood the sculptured stone, had formed part of Nechtan's Mere or Loch, where the defeat of Egfrid is said to have happened. The stone is now placed opposite to the porter's lodge at Dunnichen House, near the parish kirk. The kirk was in- scribed to St Constantine, vulgarly called Ccusnan; and throughout the farms of East and West Mains of Dunnichen—which were both reclaimed from the swam r mero p e above mentioned—great quantitie f tumulo s d primitivan i e graves have been discovered, som f whico e h contained e Revurnsr Th M . . Headrick speakinn i , thif go s Statistica localityw "e Ne th n i , l Accounte th f "o parish (1833), observes that, "a good many years ago, ther turnes ewa p u d with the plough a large flat stone, on which is cut a rude outline of an armed warrior's heashouldersd t an dman no d y yearan ; s ago plouge th , h als- oun covered some graves in another part of the same farm. These graves consisted of flat stones on all sides. They were filled with human bones, and urns of red clay with rude ornaments upon them ; the urns being filled with whitish ashes. By exposure to the air, the bones and urns mouldered to dust." It is worthy of remark, however strange it may appear, that the flat stone, which is here repre- sente s bearinda e warrior'gth s heashouldersd an d s nothini , g else thae nth carved stone monument now under review,—a fact which shows how variously and absurdly the emblems on these stones are interpreted , and how necessary and usefu thas i t ti l they shoul preservee db engraver.e th y db 3 Ver tracew y fe ancienf so t sepulture have been immediatfoune th n di e locality of Nechtan's Mere beyond those mentioned by Mr Headrick ; but, to the west

1 Caledonia ,210. volp , ..i. » Holinshed, vol. 244i.. ,p . 3 Sculptured Stone Monuments, Plate 92. 0 19 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F P SO YO

of that, upon the lands of Lownie (the original property of the old Forfarshire family of Auchterlony), and in King's Muir adjoining, a variety of ancient graves have teen nothed wan n discovered. These, however attributet no e ,ar d same toth e melee toos a k plac t Nechtan'ea s .th o Meret e t bettebu , r authenti- cated engagement between Feredeth and Alpine, already noticed. A piece of artificial ground, called The Briigh, adjoins King's Muir. Dr Jamieson says, tha ancienn a t t stone Pictiscoffine th f o ,h kind, was'found there some years before he wrote, and which he presumes to have been that of Fere- deth, peculias fro it face f mth o t r construction d becausan , chroniclere eth y ssa that Alpinlaid Feredet Christian hi n fror buriafa m t .no l placA 1 n ei the same neighbourhood bears the name of. Ferridan or Ferryton Fields ; and e earliesth t recor f thao d t particular patc firse f grounth ho t n i yea s f di ro

Robert II., who granted the half of it, or about thirteen acres, to William By- doune, " pro seruiciis debitis et consuetis manerio nostro de Forfare."2 Since the days of Dr Jamieson many old graves have been found in the same quarter, in tlie course of railway excavations. Only four years ago, about a mile N.E. of the town of Forfar, on a line with the reputed battle-field of Fere- det Alpind han , several graves were foun gravea n di l hillock. They were little more tha na foo t belo e surfacewth , compose f rudo d e flag-stones d froan ,m thre fouo t e r feet long. Fragment f boneso s were whole founth n dei except one, and in it an urn was got, and some black beads, most probably of jet. Through the carelessness of the workmen, the urn was broken to pieces ; and nothing satisfactor preserves yi d regardin e content gth gravee th f so s beyond the facts here given, which are gathered from the common report of the people in the district.

These coffins were little more than a mile west of the Blackgate of PITSC ANDLY, where stand TWO UNEMBELLISHED OBELISKS on the top of an artificial mound. Thes fulle mileo ear ytw s distant from , and, accordin populao gt r story, they mark the graves of Feredeth -and his generals. One of them is of great size, and both appear to be the remains of an ancient circle of rude stones, simila thoso rt e calle ' dDruidical.' " Whethe plac e eves rth erwa use worr dfo - ship is uncertain ; but on one of the stones being blown over some time ago, a founs wa cladn beneatyur t hcontainini g burned ashes,—a discovery which con- firms the idea of its having been a place of burial. More recently, while a part of the hillock was being dug, a small piece of stone was found, about 18 inches square, upon which were incise concentrio tw d c circles d othean , r enigmatical markings. This fragmen s preservei t e mansion-housth t a d f Pitscandlyeo , 1 Soot. Diet VOK.n i ,• 2. Reg. Mag. Sig. , 313.89 ' . ANTIQUARIE SCOTLANDF SO . 191 remainino tw largese e para th th f e f saio s tgb i o t o obeliskdd t an s whicd hha scaled off. whole Th f thio e s locality abound n tracei s f ancieno s t sepulturn o d an e; the farm of Carsegownie, about halfway between Pitscandly and Aberlemno Church stona , e coffin pretta n i , y entire state preserves i , originas it n di l site. It is in the middle of an artificial hillock, nearly circular, composed of stones and earth, measuring abou pace0 3 t s acros e centrefee0 1 th sn i tfrod o t an m,8 height. The bottom of the grave is about 3 feet below the surface, and was compose x separatsi f o d e flag f freestoneo s f whico l hal , remain excepe th t top. It is about 4 feet long, by 2 feet broad, and lies due north and south. e south-eass founAth wa n ston i dn ur e tston o cornertw ed dishean , s with handle r earsso , resembling thos f "luggies.eo boneso N " , weapons perr o , - sonal ornaments were to be seen, but the urn was about half full of black ashes. As a whole, although not cemented with clay or any similar substance, this cist mose th ts i carefully constructed tha I thav t seeno otheeye N . r coffins were found within hillocke circle th th f t upoet o vere bu ;no nth yd margian , it f no more tha nfooa t belo surface,e wth thre four eo r others were disinterree th t da same time. They were also constructe f detachedo d slab f freestoneso o s t no , carefully formed as. the one in the centre of the mound, and differing very ma- terially from it in size,—being from 6 to 6£ feet in length. This ancient place of buria nort roae d closs i lth ol d ho e t fro sidth f meo Brechi Forfaro nt , south of the farm-house of Carsegownie; and, from the peculiar form of the knoll, it is calle dRoundie.e "Th t oughI " tstate e alsb o t d that thre four eo r rude stone coffins, some of which contained bones, were lately dug out of a gravel hillock, near the hamlet of Hen well Burn, about half a mile east of the Roundie. The stone urn and dishes found in the grave at Roundie, were given to the late Mr Charles Gray of Carse Gray, proprietor of the lands; but whether they are still at the family mansion, I am not aware. Carsegownie was anciently within the boundary of the great forest of Plater, which also comprehended the Hil Finhavenf lo whicn o , h thervitrifiea s i e d fortwithid an , nmila thaf eo t fort the Roundie is situated. Sir Robert Bruce, natural son of Robert I., had the lands of Carsegownie along with those of Finhaven; and, subsequently, a 1 cadet of Rynd of Broxmouth had a charter of the estate of Carse from David II., on the payment of a reddendo of a pair of white gloves, and two silver pen- nies yearly.2 The Rynds continued, long in possession of these lands—indeed, down to the close of the 17th century, when the property was disposed of in por- tions—Carsegownie falling int hande o noblcadee th a f th so f eto hous Argyllf eo .

1 Robertson's Index, p. 18, 82. 2 Ibid., p. 81, 161. VOL. II PART II. N 2 19 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F F SO YO convend ol e friar e Montrosf th o t Th f interesn o sa d ethesha n ti e lands,a d an 1 small annual rent and certain privileges are still held over them by the civic authoritie thaf so t burgh trustees a ,ancien e th f so t hospital. Upon the old estates of Tillyquhanland and Flemington, on the south and east of the Kirk of Aberlemno, ancient graves have been found in almost every field ; and in the hollow betwixt Flemington and the Den of Melgund, cists were so numerous till within the last few years, that on opening the smallest hillock, specimens coul e procuredb t conveniencea d gravee Th .thin si s districe ar t about 4J feet long; almost all of them are found to contain bones in a com- paratively entire state; and somn i , e instances, whole skeletons have been got. verOe Hil e onp th fAngusth f y to lo , whic upos hi n Main f Melguno s d farm, a large earthen barrow long formed a conspicuous object in the landscape ; and when it was removed, some years ago, two or three stone coffins were discovered, containin gsligha t quantit tracbonesf o yo n potter f t eo ,bu y ware. Froe mth point where these graves were found, an extensive view is obtained of the val- ley of Strathmore, including some of the vitrified sites in Angus and Mearns.

At the Church of ABEKLEMNO, and in an adjoining field, are THREE of the finest specimens of those SCULPTURED REMAINS, and also one UNEMBELLISHED. Two of e sculptureth d unembellishee stonesth d an , samde obeliskth en i field t e ar ,bu , I am not aware that anything remarkable has been found in connection with either. During last autum I nmad a particulae r searc thein i h r immediate localities, but only ascertained that the stone with the transfixed serpent in- cised upo nort e t stooi nth n hdo circlsida f eo cairr eo smalf no l stonese Th . circle was about 6 feet across, nearly 30 inches deep in the middle, and ap- peare havo dt e been searched before, thoug deposie hth t les f stoneno o ts s swa than a foot below the surface of the field. My belief that this spot had been previously searched, is founded on the fact that the land-stones were mixed up with some slab freestonef so , which were abou fooa t tinche 8 deep1 d san , long, having quite the appearance of the stones commonly used in the construction of parishionerd ol n a tols y cistsdb wa I , . that, whe firsfiele s nth dtwa cultivated whicn i h those monument standw sno , several stone coffins itn weri , t conego - taining bones, immediately south of the stone with the transfixed serpent. The larges f theso t e obelisks roadsidee stand th fixe s i y b sd d an ,int pedestaoa r o l large foot-stone nicelo s , y fitted, firse thatth tt glance,a fooe th , t appearee b o dt a portion of the shaft. This obelisk was also surrounded by a mass of stones, but these seemed to be of recent deposit, and had most probably been collected off the field during agricultural operations. 1 Crawford Case, p. 10. ANTIQUARIE3 19 SCOTLANDF SO .

The brief account given of those monuments in 15691 is well known, and tradition says that they commemorate the defeat of a party of Danes at Aber- lemno time f Malcolth o en i , . mII Alba n Butler remarks regarn i , thio dt s idea, that Malcolm, to perpetuate his victory, " erected a monastery under the patronag Virgie th f eo n Marytowe th f o nn i , , near whic battle hth e

was raisiny foughtb d obelisn ge spota an , th t ,k a still standin villaga t ga e called Cum, from the name of a Danish general that was there slain." 2 Cuin is evidently an error for Camus ton, or it may be for Crosston, as the village of Aberlemno, where these crosses stand, is known by both names even at this day. Tradition farther affirms that those carvings were once Danisreaa y db h soldier, who sat long beside them and wept bitterly. This story, and the inter- pretatio hieroglyphicse th f no preserves i , thosn di e rud rhymesd eol —

" Here Kinliee s th ' Denmark' go s son, Wi' twenty thousand horss omen.hi d ' ean i " And— " Here lies the King o' Denmark sleepin', Nae bod pasn thiy ca s b s without weepin'." forgottee b t oughi o t t t nno tBu that, long repute e prioth o rt d defeae th f o t Northmen at Aberlemno, the Annals of Ulster bear record of a battle which

was fought there (Lemnha), in A.D. 697, in which it is said, " Conquar Mac echa M'Maldwi Aodd tale nan th ,l kin Daleriaid,f go " wer enots i slain. t ,I there 3 - fore, improbable f thii , s relie e noticb n de ca upongrea a t tbu , par f theso t - ese pulchral trace theie sow r origi thao nt t transaction. retur Hilo e t botto e t Angusf th lo th no Bu t t thaf mA o .t ridge, towarde sth river South Esk d upo f e BALQLASSIEan Gallo,o th n w wLa KUDELA , Y INCISED STONE was discovered about ten years ago. According to the farmer's descrip- tion t bori , e representation battle-axa f so cross-bowd ean measured an , d about founs wa feetd o t I aboutw fou. y b rfoota t unde surfacee rth formed an ,e th d top of a coffin, which was carefully constructed of rude stone slabs; and a skull, •and other traces of human remains, were found within it. I have seen upwards o dozea f f sucno h coffin churchyarde slabth n si f Forfarshirso ee aloneon d an , burial-ground ol e ofth thesn i s i ethret r Finhavend a o o than ei f tw o t d an , Aldbar, both places being in the neighbourhood of Balglassie. South of the Gallow Law, in the direction of the ford that crosses the Esk at Nether (whic sometimes hi s calle Romae dth n Statio Esica),f no there was foun ancienn a d t causeway, about thirty feet f considerablbroado d an , e

' Extracta Cron. Scot. 252. p , . 2 " Lires of the Saints Moloc. "(S , June 25). a Johnstone's Antiquitates Celto-Normanmcse, p. 59. N2 4 19 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F P SO Y O

s constructelengthwa t I . f rougdo h whin-stones s closela , y laid farmee th , r remarked, as were the stall floors of his own stables. No coffins, or any other trace of early , times, were found in the track of this causeway, except at a hollow part of the field, where the stones appeared to be laid on twigs, of which there, was a densely packed mass underneath. I am not aware thasimilay an t r trace causewad sol eithee th r wattling-road yf o o r , have been foun dothey inan districtre parth f o t . The well-known Roman camp of Battledykes is only about three miles to e westwar th e sit f thith o e f s o dcausewa d Balglassiy an ; s nearli e y equi- distant from the site of the castle of Woodwray and the romantic kirkyard of Aldbar t bota , whichf ho , places sculptured stone monuments have been dis- covered.

The WOODWRAY MONUMENT was found about the year 1819, when the founda- tions of the old castle were cleared away. Woodwray is now a farm belonging Melgune th o t d r SomervilleestateM d an ; , then facto Loro t r d Minto, beinn ga intimate acquaintance of Sir Walter Scott, sent the sculptured stone to Abbots- ford, where it still stands. It was conveyed to Montrose, and there shipped to Andrer LeitM y hb w Henderson, presently tenane farmth f ,o t from whomI had my information about it. The stone was got in the floor of the kitchen of Hendersor castlee M th d an ; n says that ther anothe s e sameth wa en i rplace , much mutilated, bearing similar carvings ; but not having been sent to Sir Walter Scott, it lay carelessly about for many years, and at length disappeared altogether Castle Th f Woodwra.eo y stoo a hollow n di ,Kir e nortth f ko f ho Aberlemno, near the north-east corner of the vitrified hill-fort of Finhaven. The rising ground south of the site of the Castle, is called the grave hill, and there a circle of stones was found, closely set together, each about a foot in diameter, enclosing a pit of black earth. The earth was mixed with burned bones and charcoal, some flint arrow-heads, and other primitive vestiges graved Ol . s have occasionally been foun othen o d r parts adjoining thicastld sol e seat, particularl fare th f Bogardo mo n yo parise th f n Finhi o , - haven nothint bu , f importancgo s preservei e d relativ nature th o f theiet eo r construction, &c. Although Woodwray adjoins the great forest and barony of Plater, it appears to have been always a separate lordship, tithed to the Priory of Rostinoth mose th td ancienan , s proprietorit f o t s bor name eth Wallaf eo m or Volume. Perhaps they were descende Johf do Welhamee nd predecese th , - sor of Sir James Lindsay, in the castle of Inverqueich.' It is certain that they possessed the lands from an early date down to the first half of the 17th cen- 1 Reg. Mag. Sig., p. 137, 55. ANTIQUARIE5 19 SCOTLANDF SO .

tury, when the family circumstances became so crippled, that the laird of the period, after sellin estats Lindsayge cadehi a th o ef t o t f Crawfordso , wa- re s duce stata o mendicityf dt e o than i d t positioan , n received assistance froe mth poor's-box of the parish of Brechin.1 Before giving an account of the prehistoric traces which have been found in the neighbourhood of Aldbar and Farnell, a glance at such points of the his- torical and proprietary history of the above named districts, as have not already been touche dinteresting,e b upon y ma , althoug feares i t hi wilt nothind i lad g toward elucidatioe sth histore th f no f thosy o e singular monuments.

reputee midse th th f o n tI d battle-fiel Alpif d o Feredeth d nan Priore th , f yo Rostinoth was founded by Boniface in A.D. 624, o2 r nearly 200 years before the era ascribed to the battle, and had, therefore, been a place of some note at that time, although there is no charter evidence of the existence of the Priory until the days of Malcolm IV. Of Pitscandly, as a separate lordship, nothing is known till about the beginning of the 17th century, when it was possessed by a Lind- e thanedoth t say. Bu f Aberlemnomo 3 e landth f Tillyquhanlandd o s an , , Flemington, Balglassie, and Melgund, have a more interesting and distinct his- e firstory f thes o gives Th t . wa eBrucy nb o Williaet m Blunt e repreth , - sentative of an old Dumfriesshire family ;* and the mill of Aberlemno, and the land f Tillyquhanlanso d Balglassiedan d alsan o, an annuit f thoso f t o e you Flemington, were conferre r WilliaSi n Daviy o db m . dII Dissington , whomI presume is the same person who was sheriff of Fifeshire, and master of the works, or builder of the Kirk of St Monance in that county.5 Melgund, more recently the property of Cardinal Beaton, who acquired the lands,.and erected castle th e about 1542 e familth , Annando f belonget yo d helo ol e f dth wh ,do forestership of Plater, before it fell into the hands of Sir Alexander Lindsay of Glenesi. Melgund passed from a descendant of Beaten, to the Marquis of Huutly 1622n i . Soon afterward ownes Henrwa y t b di s y Maule reputee th , d author e " ofemala th Historf ;e y b th ef d yo descendan "an f hiso t , through Murray of Philiphaugh, it came to the present proprietor the Earl of Minto.

The burn of Melgund, which skirts the old castle, was the boundary of the parish of ALDBAK on the west, and that of Aberlemno on the east; and the whole lands to the east of that burn, until it joined with the parish of Brechin, an- ciently belonge e Cramondth o dt Aldbarf so . They were proprietor f theso s e

1 Brechin Sess. Records, July 1636. 2 Extracta Cron. Scot., p. 255. • Service Heirsf so , Forf. A.D. 1616. * Robertson'. s 80 Index , 18 . p , 5 Reg. Mag. Sig 44,121. .p ; Chamb. Rolls 469. ,pp , 524. 6 19 PROCEEDING THE-SOCIETF SO F YO

lands before 129 whicr periode fo 6 e lairth ; hth f do , Laurenc Cramounde ed , did homag Edwaro et . dI As previously remarked SCULPTUKE,a D STON foune chapes th E wa t da Aidf o l - bar. The early histor f thayo t chape s losi l obscurityn i t t therbu , reasos ei n to believe, from its romantic situation, that it originated, like many other ancient places of worship, in being the abode of some recluse, contempo- rary, perhaps, wit introductioe hth f Christianito n y into Scotland. It lien si sidburne bottoa e f th eth o narroa y ,mf b abou o fee n 0 wde t20 - t beload e wth joining lands, overshadowed by rocks and venerable trees. It is mentioned in the ancient taxatio, which was rated in the time of Alexander III.; and, although the limits of the old parish of Aldbar, and the proprietors of the lands fro mremota etracee dateb n dca , with certainty onls i t 142n yi ,i 9 tha firse w t t priestss meeit f t thato A wit e .namte periohon th f e o curhele s dth y dewa b a person surnamed Greenlaw,1 and he may have been related to Bishop Gilbert of Aberdeen, who flourished about the same time. The church belonged to the diocese of St Andrews, and was attached to the provostry of Methven; but the exact periosuppressioe th f do parise th f n unknowno s s h i time it th f eo s i s a , annexation to Aberlemno, and also the name of the Father to whom the kirk was inscribed. gravela n I j hillock, adjoinin Toll-bae gth f Stannochyo r , withi nshora t dis- tance of the Chapel of Aldbar, several cists were found while making a road from Brechin to Dundee, by Lucky's Slap, in the year 1832. They were com- pose f rudo d e a mucslabs d hha , more primitive character than tha t Carsea t - gownie norte ,soiith d anddu han y .la . They were each about four feet long, and from twelve to eighteen inches below the surface. I remember seeing three of them with the skulls, thigh, arm, and some other bones, in a pretty entire state. Similar, but not so complete specimens of old sepulture have been e "gravfounth n di e hill," nea e Stannochth r y Bridge, north-ease th f o t Toll-house, and also in the' direction of the lands of Buthirkill, or Burghill, along the southern banks of the South Esk. Three years ago, a stone coffin was discovered in the field called Burghill Park, within 200 yards of the site of the old chapel of Buthirkill. It was 'in the mid- dle of a gravel hillock, about two feet below the surface. Unlike most old stone coffins, the sides and ends were built of small round whin-stones, such as those rudo fielde founth tw e n s; slab o d s forme bottomsoie e e topth th l th d ,an , bu o tract n ther f humas o e wa e n bone potterr o s y ware. Large trunk1 s0 oak trees have been foun marsa n di h beside this hillock, apparentl greaa f yo t age. 1 Reg. Episc. Brech. i., p. 42. . ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND. ' 197

In the same field Edward I. is said to have placed his war-engines while be- sieging Brechin Castl n 1303ei somd an ; e years ago shora , t distance froe mth coffie sitth f neo just mentioned bala , freestonef lo , about three fee circumn i t - ference, bearing mark f havino s g been fashione hammea y db chiselr ro s wa , ploug e course th turneth y agriculturaf n b hi o e p du l operations t woulI . e db interestin knoo gt e wmissile th whethe f o se intendeon r thi s e useb swa do dt at the siege—a fact which could possibly he ascertained by comparing it with the missiles of the period. It is in good preservation, and bears no marks of having ever been used. Still later tha discovere nth f thiyo s ball larga , e clay urn was found on the very top of the hill of Buthirkill. It too, was got in a gravel hillock roae th d n leadin,i g past Middle Drums, withi nshora t distancf eo than o t w farmtheLa . Believin contaio t t gi pose,na - workmee mu th t i d nha tilated hear s beforwa d t i et offro bu ;m what remaint appeari , it f havo so st e been at least two feet high, and eighteen inches across the orifice. As far as ascertained, it had not been preserved in a cist or any other building, there be- ing but one flat stone near it, which is supposed to have been placed upon its beed mouthha n t I hel. d together while dryin plaitey gb d twig cordsr so f o , which it bore the marks. Some blackish damp stuff in the bottom, was the only thing foun. it n di peasantrThe y hav vaguea e tradition tha battla t foughewas thiin t s quar- ter. Perhaps this story is confounded with that of the siege of Brechin; for neither the era of the fight, nor the names of any of its actors, are handed down. Still, apar tracew t fe f fro prehistorio se mth c remains which have been found here, some stone coffins with urns, urns without coffins stond an , e coffins alone, containing bones beine ar , g constantly discovered throughou- al t most everroyad ol ye l parhuntinth f to g fores Montreathmontf o t . That forest lies immediatel soute th f Aldbaho yo t d Buthirkillan r , stretching nearle yth whol froy mewa Farnel Rescobieo lt eighr distanca ,o x t si milesf eo .

churchyare th n I f FAKNUJ,Ldo , which lie south-ease littlsa th o et f Mono t - treathmont Muir I foun, dMONUMENTAa L STONE mutilatea n i , d condition, during foundatiokire d line th ol k f ; th e e o n th i summef t e no th go s f 1849o rwa t I .

and although inche w onlfe ya s belo t bee e surfaceno wth nd beforha t - i , ob e served. lande Th Farnelf so 1 l belonge propertn di Bishoprie th yo t Brechinf co . castle Th e continue occasionan a e b o dt l residenc Bishope th f e o Brechif so n till pas Reformatione th t , when Bishop Campbell alienate castle dlandth d ean f o s Farnell, as he did the greater part of the property of the See of Brechin, to his 1 The Earl of Southesb proposes to preserve this monument in the lobby of his Castle of Kinnaird, whic undergoinhw isno g extensive alterations. " PROCEEDING 8 19 E SOCIETTH F SF O YO

relative and patron, the Earl of Argyll. A portion of the Bishop's castle or resi- dence at Farnell still stands, and upon the lowest stones of the skews or crow- steps are the two monograms which are represented in the annexed woodcuts:

Edward I. was at the castle of Farnell in 1296 ; and in the early part of the same centur ybaroa n witnesses various local charters, unde name rth Dunf eo - can de Fernevell j1 and he, doubtless, had been a [vassal of the Bishop. The earliest recorde de churc vicath f o rs "Williahi m Herwart nourisheo wh , d from at least the year 1435 ;2 but to what vicar, or if to any, the monument re- s raisedferrewa o t d, canno e said t bearb I t . beautifullsa y interlaced cross, forbiddee ae tth AdaEv d mnan treeothed an , r object f morso e doubtful inter- pretation.3 Upon the glebe lands of Farnell, about 200 yards west of the kirkyard, a stone coffin was lately discovered. It was on the south or sunny side of a slop- ing bank, and contained some bones. It was about three feet long, the sides anwerp d to rudf eo e flag e bottostonesth s formed msinglan a wa , y db e stone nicely scooped out. At Greenlaw and Red Den, about a mile to the westward of the Kirk of Farnell a variet, f ancienyo t stone coffin d urnan ss have been discovered. Both place boundard withie ol sar e nth Montreathmon f yo t-Re e Muirth d d ;an Den, formed by the channel of a burn which runs from west to east, is so named fro peculiae mth r colou soils it f ;ro whil Greenlae eth w Knap, conicaa l mound by the road side, has its name from its verdant appearance. The prehistoric traces that have been found in both these localities, consist of ordinare th y sor stonf o t e coflin urnsd an s . One'o coffine fth s containe stonda e cornee hatchet traco th n f f boneanothern t eo o i r bu r ,urnd o s an s; , which Dend waRe s foun,e smalthera th s t da e wa lcupr rouno rathef n ,o dur r supe- rior manufacture, abou3y Jb inche2 t s high 1d J an inc, h deep inside. This cap is quite entire, and the interior of it appears to have been coated with a yel- lowish substance. A large cinerary urn of greyish clay, about a foot high, and

1 Reg. Vet. de Aberbrothoc, p. 34, &c. 2 Reg. Episc. Brech. i., p. 67, &c. 3 Sculptured Stones of Scotland, Plate Ixxxvi. ANTIQUARIE9 19 SCOTLANDP SO .

8J inches across at the mouth, was found in a tumulus in the same neighbour- hood. The urn contained some trace ofburned ashes. Both relics are now in e Montrosth e Museum whico t , h they were presente e latth e y Ladb d y Car- negie of Southesk. t mustI , however understoode b , , tha remaino tn s have ever been discovered, so far as known, upon the Greenlaw itself. While speaking of this place, it ought to be known, that two or three years ago, the Earl of Southesk caused a deep section to be made through that hillock, from north to south, but nothing was found. In fact this knoll, like many others in the same locality, though it haartifician a s l appearance s clearli , y beed naturalha n d - formean ,de y b d posit ancienf so t streams remaine ,th which f shapse o th prettf n ei ,o y large burns, stil lvicinitys floit n wi . It may be remarked, that there was an old hamlet and pottery work at an ancient ecclesiastica parise l sitth f Farnelln eho i , called Kuikstoun, until near the clos f laseo t century. Mention s madi piggere f "o eth f Kuikstouo r no Kinnaird informem a 164n "i I 6partied y db ; an ' s skille sucn di h matters, that the clay of which the smallest urn or cup is made, is of the same sort as that foun t Kuikstounda . Near the site of the old Kirk of Kuikstoun a hillock or knoll is called Rume's2 Cross; why so named, neither history nor tradition bears any record. It may have referenc saine th whoo o t et Kir e m th Kuikstouf ko dedicates nwa d; but , excep . Rumoe nameSS th t Rumold d f o nsan I kno, e Fatherf nonwth o f eo s having a name at all akin to Rume, and do not see what connection they could hav witd eha h that district. Perhap t preservesi name sth somf eo e local saint, .of whom all record is now lost.

1 Brechin Presb. Records, vol. i. s [This peculiar nam f Rume'o e s Cros Runee s th remind f o Pictorume on s Mane-d an twethel mentioned in the charter of King Alexander II., 1221, and referred to in Mr Brichan'a communication (videpossibly . 147)p ma t I y. have been more correctly Rune's Cross, commemorating the previous existence of a cross or stone with a Runic inscription.—ED.] 0 20 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F P SO YO

March , 185610 . ARCHIBAL . BOYLEDT , Esq., Advocate, V.P.Chaire th n i ,.

The following Gentlemen were elected Fellows of the Society :— JAMES DOUGLAS, Younge f Caversro , Esq. JAMES GEOKGE SYME, Esq., Advocate. The following Donations to the Museum and Library were exhibited:— Denarius of the Emperor Constantius II., dug from the channel e Clyde—Eeverseth f o , withi a nlaure l garland, • VOTI x xx S• MVLTI S• xxxx n exerguei ; CONS• p , . Silver Hoop Ring, inscribed +I + IACR ASCR A'SR (the upside ar s eR' down) ,Abbe e ruine founth th f Arbroathf n so di yo . Small Stone Chise r Axeo l , 4f inches lon 1y gJb broad, found in Forfarshire. Bronze Looped Socketed Celt; and two Roman Coins in poor preservation (a Brass of Diocletian, struck at Alexandria, and a large Brass, apparentl f Philipyo e elder)th , , state havo dt e been found near the Curragh of Kildare, Ireland. CoppeA r Meda f Geoo l . II., e Peacstructh a l n eo kx .oAi f Chapelle—Reverse " PEACE NOURISHES TRADE ;" in exergue, PROCLAIM' DFEB2 . 1748. Foun wideninn di e channegth e th f o l River Clyde. Small Gold Coin of the Dewan Moolraj of Mooltan in the Pun- jaub. Moolraj, who made so gallant a stand against the British under General Whish, 1848-49, having fallen short of money, the women, rather than allow him to surrender, gave up their orna- ments and jewels, which were converted during the siege into a ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND. 201 small coin called the " Mooltan rupee." These have already be- come very rare. By J. C. ROGER, Esq., F.S.A. Scot. smalA l Four-sided Ornamen Stonef to , apparently quartz .taper- ing towards each extremity, shaped somewhat like a small hone, 2J inches lon y •§gb inch broada conica d an , l piec f Bituminouo e s Shale, 2^ inches long; foun mosa n di Ayrshiren s i depta t a ,f ho fee8 abou r t o fro 7 tsurfacee mth , whilst cuttin gdeea p drain. Ancient Turkish Arrow fro Castle mth Aleppof eo , where thers ei larga e vaul chamber to r filled with deptthee th mf severao ht o l feet. Another from an old tower in the Houran, which was sacked y Ibrahib m Pasha's soldiers Wy B . .COCHRA N PATRICK, Esq., F.S.A. Scot. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Vol. VII.; with two Annual Report d Lis f Institutionan so t n Correspondenci s e "with the Smithsonian Institution. By the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, U.S.A. Archseologia, Vol. XXXVI., Part 1; Proceedings, Nos. 41-42, and List of Fellows for 1856. By the SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, London. Illustrations, Historical Genealogicald an f Kino , g James' Irish Army List (1689) JOHy b ; N D'ALTON AUTHORe , th Esq y B . .

e Osuggestioth n f COSMo n O INNES, Esq. ,a committes wa e named to make arrangements for the reception of several eminent French Antiquaries, who are expected to visit Scotland on the occasion of the Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of Great Britain hele b Edinburg n di o t , Juln hi y next.

The Communications read were the following:—