California Chronicle

C A L I F O R N I A H I S T O R I C A L S O C I E T Y F O U N D E D 1 8 7 1 V O L U M E 1 2 N O . 3 S U M M E R 2 0 0 1 “The Perfect Package’’— California Citrus Culture

our fingernails break through the crum b l y , sticky women, animals, native flowers and, of course, the orange itself. Yshell to reveal a thinly-wrapped, orange globe of Ci t r us crates were employed for a variety of functions other juice. You peel off a slice and taste it. The taste is rem a r k - than transporting oranges, such as bookshelves and sleds, show- ing the enormous success of citrus advertising. Americans willing- able, a distinct sweetness unlike honey or chocolate but ly welcomed the labels to infiltrate all parts of their lives. Citrus an earthly, dreamy sweetness. was everywhere. At the turn of the century the Golden State was introduced to The labels were created in lithography studios located mainly the Washington navel orange and instant fame ensued. Southern in San Francisco and Los Angeles. A photograph of an old lithog- California’s warm days, cool nights and abundant irrigation were raphy studio in San Francisco shows a striking resemblance to the pr omising conditions to create a fully mature orange with dot-com office of today: stark walls, open space, young workers. unequivocal taste and color. The orange could ripen in the Ho w e v e r , in place of I-Macs the photograph shows the litho- California winter. And through the newly established system of artists hard at work in front of their easels. ra i l r oads the fruit could be shipped from coast to coast, year The first labels, rarely seen today, were printed through the round. In Eastern snowy cities, the orange from California was an involved process of stone lithography, while later labels were cre- unexpected and welcomed delicacy. ated through off-set printing. Lithography studios experienced a Vince Moses, Ph.D., an expert in California citrus culture and dramatic turnover of artists due to the hardships of mass prod u c - Senior Curator of History at the Riverside Municipal Museum, tion by hand, the relative anonymity and low wages. Theref o re , explains that it wasn’t just the fruit’s natural qualities that fueled the studios avoided association with any particular artist. Most its popularity. Citrus industry leaders played a key role in the rev - labels are not signed by the original artists. olution of advertising. Their intention was no longer just to sell a In the fifties, cardb o a r d boxes and the two-color stamp ended pr oduct but to market an entire lifestyle, an environment and a the era of wood crates and citrus labels. The citrus industry at this dr eam. Citrus crate labels evolved from promoting a particular point was so well established that it was unnecessary and ineffi - brand to promoting an idea in tandem with a brand. The labels cient to maintain the same advertising and packing strategy cam- communicated the mythical dream of California; the orange paigns. Shortly after, labels became a valued collectible. They became the symbol of a nurturing, healthy ‘‘final fron t i e r. ’ ’ serve as a reminder of the origins of California citrus culture and ‘‘H e r e was a piece of sunshine from California coming at ar e appreciated for their high value as commercial art. them on the East Coast,’’ Moses further articulates. Jennifer Liss With bold, adventurous colors, citrus labels portray striking Ed i t o r , California Chron i c l e California landscapes where snowy peaks and palm trees co-exist. They depict the fantasies of the ‘‘Old Wes t ’ ’ with cowboys, mis- Big Orange: California Citrus Label Art will be showing sions and symbols of Mexican culture. Label art of the time some- at the CHS headquarters from June 23 – September 30. times displayed images clearly offensive and racist today with CHS thanks Vince Moses, Ph.D., The Riverside visual stereotypes of American Indians and Black Am e r i c a n s . Municipal Museum, the Ontario Museum of History Featuring icons from colonial history, a series of labels appeal to a and Art, and Gordon T. McClelland for loans and assis- dated American patriotism. There are labels emphasizing beautiful tance to the exhibition.

Fruit label adapted from ”Big Find.” Orange crate label. Bostonia Fru i t Gr o wers & Packers, Co., El Caj o n , California, San Diego, County. Label courtesy Vince Moses, Ph.D. CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY G

F R O M T H E E X E C U T I V E D I R E C T O R

Dear Members: depth, organized information about our programs and services. Last weekend I watched my nineteen-year-old son, Joe, take You can log on and test out our first effort—California History apart our three-year old computer and use the parts to re-build a Online—right now. This first sample of what’s to come was new one. He rapidly plugged and unplugged the boards and recently completed, and has already received numerous recogni- cards, flipped the switch, and danced his fingers around the key- tions and awards. board, activating the Internet. The Net is Joe’s link to the world. We welcome your comments and ideas about how the Web He cannot conceive of living without the Internet, even for a day. can best serve our members and audiences. Watch for our new It’s easy to see why. design this summer, and drop us an e-mail about what you like The thing that amazes me about Joe’s generation is not just and what you would like to see from your Historical Society’s the ease with which they maneuver through rapidly changing new Internet efforts. Write me at [email protected], or send technology but their general acceptance that information belongs your comments to [email protected]. We look forward to to everyone—and the confidence they possess to go and find it. seeing you in cyberspace! Joe wanted the computer back online so he could regain what has become an essential—rapid, free-flowing communication I am delighted to welcome Pamela Young in the new position of and information. Chief Curator. Pam’s most recent position was Director of The Internet has brought the world into our offices, living Creative Resources at Walt Disney Imagineering. Managing a rooms and schools. The Web has resulted in dizzying quantities staff of twenty-five, she was responsible for the care and man- of information, some good, some questionable, and some already agement of the art library, slide library, company-wide research infamous for being inaccurate garbage. But there are glimmers of library, project documentation library and photography/imag- greatness in cyberspace: the Internet is slowly coming round to ing studio. She supervised the transition from analog (film) to having many resources of the highest quality, tucked away, ready digital formats and processes for each department, along with to be tapped. the conversion from manual to computerized media asset man- The California Historical Society is entering this world with agement databases. Pam helped create and install an exhibition f resh and broad interests in becoming one of the Internet’s on Disney architecture in the American Pavilion at the 1996 j e w e l s . CHS is committed to providing the highest quality infor- Venice Biennale for Architecture. She also worked on WDI's mation and experience we can, and playing our part in making worldwide exhibitions in Paris, Tokyo, New York, Washington, sure that the world of California history is accessible to all. D.C. and Montreal. It will always be true that nothing quite compares to view- Prior to this position, Pam was the Chief Curator at the ing an original map of early California or a turn of the century Rancho Los Alamitos Historic Site, Long Beach and the first lithograph of a young Los Angeles or Sacramento – but for so Curator at the Mission Inn, Riverside. She received her M.A. in many people, free and open access to these treasures has been American History/Historic Resources Management from the limited. At CHS we are embarking upon multiple online projects University of California, Riverside and her B.S. in Economics that will open up these stories and resources in our collections from the same institution. and publications to vast, new audiences through the ease of the Internet. Our growing web resource offers a rich, navigable overview of California history. This summer, our in-house web team is launching a newly designed CHS web site that will feature in- Stephen Becker, Executive Director

Many Thanks ! ! New CHS Staff The California Historical Society would like to extend our deep Enrique Peña joins the California Historical Society part-time as ap p r eciation to Edgar O. May and Edith M. May and their family the CHS Web m a s t e r . Enrique is also the Webmaster at Zeum, a for including CHS in their will. The May family’s bequest of center for art and technology for children. He is pursuing a $50,000 will be instrumental in helping CHS achieve many of our de g r ee in Computer Science at the San Francisco Community upcoming goals. College where he is currently studying Math and English. Trina Lopez joins us as both a clerk in the bookstore and a page in the library.A graduate student at San Francisco State University, Trina is currently working on a film about the histo- ry of San Francisco’s cemeteries for her Master of Fine Arts degree in Cinema. Trina was a patron of the library last year, using the manuscript collection, maps and photographs from the collections for her documentary. We are very pleased to have her with us. CHS is pleased to have Sarah C.A. Schulman as our new Director of Finance and Operations. Sarah is a graduate of Hofstra Law School and also brings a background in finance and administration to this new position. Sarah has long been involved in the non-profit world, and enjoys doing volunteer work in her spare time.

Edith M. May and Edgar O. May Photo courtesy the May family. CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY G From Branch to Boxcar: The Journey of an Orange t the beginning of the 20th century, Riverside’s citrus packers eliminated through proper picking and processing meth Aand shippers sent more than five thousand boxcar loads of ods, including the type of clippers used in picking, the size high quality oranges to eastern markets every year, returning pre- and construction of picking bags, the use of sanitary field boxes, care in transport to the packing shed, and careful mium prices. However, they complained that as much as 25% of handling in the packing process (p.34). all their fruit decayed while in transit, losing hundreds of thou- sands of dollars. They appealed to the United States Department Rather than a problem of pathology, as growers and packers of Ag r i c u l t u r e and the University of California for scientific assis- expected, Powell saw the problem in the mechanisms of handling, tance. Responding in January 1904, the Department of Ag r i c u l t u r e packing and shipping the oranges. Growers and packers imple- sent transportation and refrigeration investigator G. Howard mented Powell’s recommendations and within four years the Powell from the Bureau of Plant Industry, and a team of agricul- en t i r e industry transformed, saving growers an estimated one and tural scientists, to solve the growers’ decay problem. Powell and one-half million dollars per year. his team soon determined the cause and the solution to the grow - The images below illustrate the mechanized processes sug- ers’ prob l e m : gested by Powell. Many of the machines pictured here were developed by two competing machinists from Riverside, Fred He proposed industrial solutions involving labor practices, packinghouse machinery and management struc t u r e, and Stebler and George Parker. Their inventions resulted ultimately in general business methods (Moses, p. 23). In particular, Powell the conversion of manual citrus packing to full-blown assembly demonstrated that spoilage in transit could be virtually line orga n i z a t i o n .

Before oranges are shipped to the processing plants they are harvested and placed in field boxes. Packers wrap the oranges and place them into boxes according to size and grade. These women pack from 50 to 75 boxes a day.

Oranges are then delivered to packinghouses distributed throughout orange growing regions, such as Sunkist (pic- With the aid of a foot-press the cover is quickly nailed on the box. tured here).

All oranges are carefully placed in a water bath and then dried by blasts of cold air. Oranges are then loaded tightly in freight cars. There are 70,000 oranges in an average car.

Tanya Hollis, Acting Director of the Library and Wendy Wel k e r , Photo Arch i v i s t Re f e re n c e : H. Vincent Moses, ‘‘‘The Orange-Grower is Not a Farmer’: G. Harold Powell, Riverside Orch a r dists, and the Coming of Industrial Ag r i c u l t u r e, 1893-1930.’’ California History: Spring 1995. 3 CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY G

San Francisco’s Lost Cemeteries What happens when an aspect of a city's history is nearly larger than life, perhaps even the afterlife? Take, for instance, the fantastic history of San Francisco's cemeteries. "What cemeteries?" you may be asking yourself. "There aren't any." Well yes and no . . .

an Francisco is home to the Presidio military cemetery photographs, maps, manuscripts and other materials. I had such a Sand a nearby, small yet whimsical great experience, I'm now part of the staff. pet cemetery. One can't forget the With this research as a foundation, I famous Mission Dolores Cemetery soon discovered the incredible value of (remember Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo oral histories while conducting field where Carlota Valdes is buried?) and research. By interacting with senior citi- the still functional Columbarium, a zens to discover more about the odd, gorgeous Greco-Roman style reposito- occasionally creepy, yet always com- ry for cremated remains designed by pelling topic of San Francisco's former Bernard J.S. Cahill, the same man cemeteries, I found that the interviews I who created Mount Rushmore. conducted may be the most important So, why aren't there any cemeter- contribution I can make to peoples' ies within the city limits? The San understanding and appreciation of the Francisco Board of Supervisors subject. I'm proud to say that despite banned cemeteries in 1914, and from being a native Arizonan, I have been able that time until 1948, four major ceme- to contribute to the preservation of histo- teries in the Inner Richmond neigh- ry in the Bay Area. borhood were systematically removed With the recent discovery of body and relocated to Colma, a.k.a."The remains at the construction site for the City of Souls." Over 100,000 bodies new Asian Art Museum in downtown San were removed in what may have been Francisco over what was once Yerba one of the largest such Buena Cemetery, the history endeavors in history. of the city's burial grounds While conducting once again comes to light. research for my Cinema And while it may not seem Master of Fine Arts thesis that finding bones and coffins film, tentatively titled A can tell us much about our- Second Final Rest: The selves in the present time, by History of San Francisco's getting to know more about Former Cemeteries, I have such topics in facilities such as been captivated by the the North Baker Research sheer peculiarity of the Library, we can learn more history, one which is about California's ever-chang- extremely fragmentary in ing population and how the its documentation. experiences and choices of In articles and web- those who established the sites dedicated to the foundations of California still topic, I noticed one glaring affect us today. omission—no one had included firsthand accounts from those who Trina Lopez Library Page recalled the presence of these graveyards. I embarked on a quest to find some of these folks in local senior centers. I was able to locate several of them, ranging in ages from sixty-five to ninety. Interviews with these indi- viduals, as well as others who have had modern- day interactions with the former cemetery sites, will Images beginning from top: be featured in the half- “First Inhabitant,” Laurel Hill Cemetery, ca. 1941-45. hour documentary. Photographer, Thelma Kruger. My research took me Lone Mountain Cemetery. FN- to several libraries, one of 27674 the most informative Firemens Plot, Laurel HillCemetery. being the North Baker Laurel Hill Cemetery, ca. 1941- Research Library at the 45. Photographer, Thelma California Historical Kruger.

Society with its extensive All photographs from the collection of ephemera, California Historical Society Photography Collection.

4 CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY G Summer Education Programs JU N E JU L Y AU G U S T 24 14 4 Su n d a y , 9:30 – 11:00 AM Sa t u r d a y , 1:00 – 3:00 PM Sa t u r d a y , 2:00 – 4:00 PM Big Orange Br e a k f a s t Celebrate Citrus! Hands-on History Members-only breakfast with Vin c e Join us at the California Historical Local author Elizabeth Partridge will Moses, Curator of Big Orange. Society for an afternoon of orange read her new picture book, Or a n g e s Reservations req u i r ed. Please call tasting and cooking demonstrations. on Golden Mountain, a tender story of 415-357-1848 x29 or email In conjunction with the Big Orange one Chinese boy’s transition to a new ma g g i e @ca l h i s t . o r g exhibition, CHS staff member and life in late-nineteenth-century San 24 former pastry chef, Crissa Van Vleck, Francisco. Reading followed by a will demonstrate two delicious slide presentation and hands-on Su n d a y , 3:00 – 4:00 PM dessert recipes using California activities for kids, ages 5 to 12. Big Orange Gallery Talk & Wal k oranges. A variety of oranges, donat- Reservations req u i r ed. Please call Vince Moses, Curator, will lead the ed by Real Foods, will also be avail- (415) 357-1848 x 24 or email public in a special guided tour of the able for tasting. an i s s a @ c a l h i s t . o rg . ex h i b i t i o n .

On-site programs at the California Historical Society are free with museum admission and open to the public. No reservations req u i r ed, unless otherwise noted. Please note: On-site programs are subject to change. Please contact Anissa Paulsen, Education and Outreach Coordi n a t o r , at (415) 357-1848 x24 or [email protected] for up-to-date program information.

Fine Arts Collections News Special Thanks! Fr om the estate of Marshall Dill, Jr., CHS has received a generou s The Education Department would like to extend a special thanks gift of paintings and works on paper by California artists. A to Adam Berger. Adam contacted CHS as a graphic design stu- pr ominent San Francisco family, the Dill’s counted well-known dent at City College looking for volunteer opportunities. He California artists among their personal acquaintances. Many of the turned his volunteer work into an internship and has been works in this gift have letters describing the transactions of sale invaluable to us. Adam assisted with the research, writing, and accompanying the item, or are personally inscribed by the artists installation of the Education gallery for the Splendide Californie to the family. Highlights from the gift include a large Percy Gray exhibition. In addition, he researched and wrote educational wa t e rc o l o r , Landscape with Mount Tam a l p a i s and an accompanying material complementing the exhibition, Big Orange, which will study in waterco l o r . Lucien Labaudt, Charles Dorman Robinson, go online with our new website. It has been a pleasure to work Louis Edward Rea, Edward DeWitt Tay l o r , Carl Jonnevold and with him and we wish him success in his future endeavors. Fe r dinand Burgd o r f f are among other artists rep r esented in the Dill donation. Ad d i t i o n a l l y , CHS wishes to thank Dawn Moser for her ded- ication and labor in completing a ten-month project. Dawn, a doll maker and costume specialist who has worked with the Oakland Museum of California and at the Grace Carpenter Hudson Museum in Ukiah, was instrumental in the identification and accessioning of over 250 items donated to CHS by the Napa County Historical Society. Her keen eye and extensive fashion knowledge allowed items, from 19th century undergarments to flapper outfits, to be appropriately dated and attributed to fashion tr end. Dawn selected only those items that were not only in excel- lent condition, but were also rep r esentative of a style or fashion era. We look forward to enriching future exhibitions with selec- tions from this gift. Ten major lithographs from both the Fine Arts collection and CHS Volunteers the North Baker Research Library Poster collection are on site after Christopher Day, a volunteer since July 2000, is cataloging conservation at the Western Resources Paper Conservation ephemera for the library. The library has numerous boxes of La b o r a t o r y . CHS is indebted to both Janice Schopfer of the Fine assorted ephemera (such as brochures and advertisements); Arts Museums, San Francisco, and Reid W. Dennis who made Chris assigns a single subject heading to each item and files it. conservation of these works possible. He enjoys the diversity of these items from the past of the state and city, and the information and artistry they often display.A Splendide Californie: French Artists' Impressions of the Golden retired professor of anthropology, Chris also volunteers to coun- State, 1786-1900 will travel to the Crocker Art Museum this sum- sel people about Medicare. me r , opening in Sacramento on June 22, 2001. Sp l e n d i d e in c l u d e s The library is also pleased to have Denice Stephenson join us as over eighty works of art in public and private collections throu g h - a volunteer. Denice is working on the reorganization of the out the state of California and beyond—a rare opportunity to view Moore Family Papers, a collection related to the Peoples Temple many works together that rank among the most significant contri- Collection. She is a close friend of Rebecca Moore and Fielding butions to California's visual history, in one examination of Fren c h McGehee III, the donors of the collection. Denice worked in the artists and the Wes t . library as a hired researcher last year, assisting a filmmaker using the Peoples Temple Collection and the Moore Family Papers for a documentary to be released this summer.

5 EVENTS AROUND TH

J U N E J u ly

Juneteenth Celebration. The Autry Museum of Western Heritage, Votes for Wom e n . Hayward Area Historical Society, Ha yw a r d . 16 Los Angeles. An all-day, free, family event. (323) 667-2000 [S] 1-28 (5 10) 581-0223 [N] Pasadena in the Movies - Bus Tou r . Pasadena Heritage, Fo u r th of July Dinner and Fireworks Viewing Part y . Hyde Pas a d e n a . Historic buildings, home and neighborhoods featured in 4 Street Pier, San Fran c i s c o . Music, food and fireworks. Benefit for the 16 popular Hollywood films such as Gone with the Wind and Back to the San Francisco Maritime National Park Association. (415) 561- 6 662 [N] Fu t u r e . (626) 441-6333 [S] Evergreen Cemetery Tou r . "Apple Pie and the 4th of July." Museum 14th Annual Silent Film Benefit. Ca t alina Island Museum. of Art & History, Sa n t a Cruz. Evergreen is a gold rush era cemetery 16 Featuring Buster Keaton accompanied by an original score on Avalon 4 established in 185 0 as one of the first Protestant cemeteries in the state. Theatre's Page organ. (310) 510- 2 4 14 [S] It is still an active cemetery. (831) 429-1964 [C]

Early Days in San Juan Bautista. San Juan Bautista State Historic Purisima's People Day. La Purisima Mission State Historic Park, 16-17 Park, San Juan Bautista. Interpretive activities, Victorian Ball and reen- Lom p o c . Encounter daily life of the Mission in 1822 as costumed actments of eve r yday pioneer life in the 1840s - 1 860s. (831) 623-4881 7 staff and volunteers portray inhabitants going about their daily routine. [C ] (8 05) 733-3713 [C]

Douglas Brinkley. San Diego Historical Society, San Diego. The Walkthrough of Gallery Exhibition: "The House of Gospel." 22 man regarded as "the best of the new generation of American histo- UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, Los Angeles. Exhibition rians" will speak. (619) 232-6203 [S] 12 photographer Carol Peterson takes viewers on a journey through ar tist Mario Sebastian Avila Vargas’ unique home. Free. (310) 825-4288 Mission Life Day. La Purisima Mission State Historic Park, Lom p o c . [S ] 23 Experience the sights, sounds, smells and feel of mission life as cos- tumed volunteers recreate activities of mission residents. (805) 733-3713 Celebrate Citrus! California Historical Society, San Fran c i s c o . [C ] 14 Ch r i s s a Van Vleck will demonstrate delicious dessert recipes using California oranges. (415) 357- 1 848 x29 [N] First Views: Exploring Artists and the Final Frontier. Wells Fargo 23 Theater, Los Angeles. The Curator of Visual Arts will explore the works Mission Life Day. La Purisima Mission State Historic Park, Lom p o c . of various artists and their Western journeys. (323) 667-2000 [S] Experience the sights, sounds, smells and feel of mission life as cos- 21 tumed volunteers recreate activities of mission residents. (805) 733-3713 Public Gallery Walk & Tal k . California Historical Society, San [C ] 24 Fran c i s c o . Vince Moses, Curator, will lead the public on a tour of the Big Oran g e exhibition. (415) 357- 1 848 x 24 [N] Eye of the Beholder - Collections and Collectors. Merced County Courthouse Museum, Me r c e d . From animal licenses to pot - 26-Oct31 te r y, old jewe l r y to postmarks, this exhibit focuses on some of the things people collect and why. (209) 723-2401 [N]

Antique & Collectible Fair. Hayward Area Historical Society. 28-29 McConaghy House, Ha yw a r d . (510) 581-0223 [N]

All labels from the Kemble Collections on Western Printing and Publishing.

6 THE STATE

Au g us t On going 1-Nov 10 Here Comes the Bride. Hayward Area Historical Society, Ha yw a r d . Jun 23- Big Orange. California Historical Society, San Fran c i s c o . California (5 10) 581-0223 [N] Sep 30 label art tells the story of California citrus culture. (415) 357- 1 848 [N] Our Heritage in Quilts. Folsom Historical Society, Fol s o m . 21st Diné: "The People” Life and Culture of the Navajo. Palm 1-Sep Annual Antique Quilt Show. Antique quilts, legends, related pho- J u n3 0 - Springs Desert Museum, Palm Springs. Objects dating from 1865 tographs and period clothing. (916) 985 - 7 2 8 8 [C] Nov 4 through the 1960s including textiles, jewe l r y, paintings, photographs and artifacts. (760) 325-7186 [S] Hands-on History. California Historical Society, San Fran c i s c o . Local author Elizabeth Partridge will read her new picture book, Remington, Russell and the Language of Western Art. Bowers 4 ”Oranges on Golden Mountain,” a story of a young Chinese boy’s J u l7 - Museum of Cultural Art, Sa n t a Ana. Although they never met, these transition to life in late-nineteenth-century San Francisco. Reading fol- S e p1 6 men were considered creators of a mythical American West image and lo wed by a slide presentation, and hands-on activities. (415) 357- 1 848 West American Art. (714) 567- 3 6 00 [S] x24 [N] A Bountiful Plenty. Fresno Metropolitan Museum, Fre s n o . Folk art Purisima's People Day. La Purisima Mission State Historic Park, Ju l 12- from the 18th and 19th century collected by E. Havemeyer Webb. Lom p o c . Encounter daily life of the mission in 1822 as costumed staff Se p 1 9 (5 5 9) 441- 1 444 [C] 4 and volunteers portray inhabitants going about their daily routine. (8 05) 733- 3713. [C] A Leg a c y of Early California Paintings: The Shumate th r u Co l l e c t i o n . Oakland Museum of California, Oa k l a n d . Paintings from Evergreen Cemetery Tou r . "Recently dug up stories". Museum of the collection of Dr. C. Albert Shumate document 19th Century Ar t & History, Sa n t a Cruz. Evergreen is a gold rush era cemetery Au g 5 California life and art. Gal l e r y talk and walk through by the curator July 4 established in 185 0 as one of the first Protestant cemeteries in the 15. 1-800 - OAK MUSE [N] state. It is still an active cemetery. (831) 429-1964 [C] Dressing Up in the 1890s: Women's Apparel from the Victorian House Tou r . Angel Island State Park, Angel Island. thru Permanent Collection. Museum of Art & History, Sa n t a Cruz. San t a Costumed docents interpret the architecture and history of three Cruz had its share of dressmakers, milliners and women's apparel 4-5 Victorian homes on Angel Island. (415) 435-3522 [N] Au g 12 shops. See the elaborate forms, luxuriant fabrics and exciting styling of the 19th century. (831) 429-1964 [C] All Nations Big Time. Petaluma Adobe State Historic Park, Peta l u m a . Food, music, dancing and archeological tours at the Native Every Wor k er is an Organizer: Farm Labor and the 4-5 American artists crafts show and sale. (707) 762 - 4 8 71 [C] Resurgence of the United Farm Wor ke r s . Oakland Museum of th r u Cal i f o r n i a , Oa k l a n d . David Bacon's photographs document organizing Mission Life Day. La Purisima Mission State Historic Park, Lom p o c . Au g 26 ef f o r ts of fruit and vegetable workers, many them young immigrants. Experience the sights, sounds, smells and feel of mission life as cos- Working life and the culture of the union is revealed. 1-800 -O A K 18 tumed volunteer recreate activities that supplied the needs of mission MUSE [N] residents. (805) 733-3713 [C] thru Historic Garden Tou r s , Monterey. Historic garden tours of old Mo n t e r e y eve r y Tuesday and Thursday. (831) 647- 6 2 0 4 or (831) 649 - Mountain Men. La Purisima Mission State Historic Park, Lom p o c . Se p 1 33 6 4 [N] 24-25 Join a party of fur trappers resting at the Mission to repair equipment. (8 05) 733- 3713 [C] A Communion of Spirits - African-American Quilters, thru Preservers, and Their Stories. Natural History Museum of Los Village Days. La Purisima Mission State Historic Park, Lom p o c . Hear Se p 3 An g e l e s . Woven through quilt designs are the struggles, jubilations stories from costumed docents in the reconstructed Tule village. See and journeys of generations of African-Americans. (213) 76 3 - D INO [S] 25 ho w the Chumash Indians lived and worked before the arrival of the Spanish. (805) 733-3713 [C] Be-Bop and Hi-Fi: A Brief History of Jazz. Ful l e r ton Museum th r u Center, Ful l e r t o n . Photographs, vintage instruments, rare records Victorian Days in the Par k . San Mateo County Historical sh o wing the history of jazz through the legendary jazz bassist Milt Association, San Mateo. Arts, crafts and history festival. (650) 299- Se p 9 "Judge" Hinton. (714) 738-6545 [S] 25-26 0104 [N] th r u California Tile - The Golden Era 1910- 19 4 0. California Heritage Museum, Sa n t a Monica. Included are tiles, fountains, furniture, Se p 30 murals and flowerpots. (310) 392-8537 [S]

Tiniest Giants: Discovering Dinosaur Eggs. Natural History th r u Museum of Los Angeles. See dinosaur nests, eggs and embryo s . Learn about current research in a working paleo laboratory. (213) 76 3 - Oc t 14 DINO [S]

Key: [C] Central California [N] Northern California [S] Southern California 7 CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY G

Recent Donations to the Who uses the California North Baker Research Library Historical Society Collections? Publications and ephemera Our collections are widely used to enhance a multitude of pro- Acme Advertising; Alameda County Historical Society; Linda jects. From imagery for a poster to save the California Missions to images of the Haight in the 60’s for a British video to Chinese Jacobs Altman; Ar cadia Publishing; John Barbey; Malcolm E. immigration photos for a Smithsonian website to simply a prized Barker; Wilder Bentley; Ed Boudway; Walter C. Cambra; Deana portrait of a baseball hero, the CHS collections are spreading the Campbell; Julian Caplan; Castle Creek Productions; Morton wo r d of our California’s rich heritage. This column is meant to Ca t h r o; City of San Carlos; Claremont Graduate Division; Clarion sh a r e our work of discovery with you. We thank those who con- sented to publication of their proj e c t s . Books; Compass Points Books; Custom & Limited Editions; E. C. Davis; Richard Davis; Claudia Doerr; East Contra Costa Historical Kathryn Kowalewski Photographer Society; Adam & Danica Eterovich; Edward Everet t - R o n n i n g ; Kerry Everton; Falcon Publishing; Jim Fenner; Ferrell Publications; Patron Project First Unitarian Universalist Society of San Francisco; An n i c k Foucrier; Georges and Germaine Fusenot Charity Foundation; The Smithsonian Institution Asian Pacific American Studies website Dale H. Gieringer; E. W. Giesecke; Heritage West Books; Jean M. exhibit Hiller; Dr. Stephen R. Hunt; Myrtle S. Hyde; Johns Hopkins National Park Service Publication about National Historic Tra i l s University; Johns Hopkins University Press; KRON-TV; Kitsap Museum; Helen Schmidt Kuesel; Louis P. Lamy; Anne Lawren c e ; Marin Museum of the American Indian Depictions of California Indians during Barbara Lekisch; Los Angeles Corral of Westerners; Los An g e l e s Gold Rush for the Cradle Basket Exhibit County Museum of Modern Art; Malibu Lagoon Museum; San Francisco Examiner Article on the Angel Island Immigration Manifold Press; MaxIt Pub.; Dr. Kieran R. McCarty; Michael St a t i o n McCone; Nancy Moure, Dustin Publications; New York Public Library; James Orton; Jean Paule; Perpetual Motion Films; Samuel David Richer Bodie State Park interpretive work A. Pond; Port of Oakland; Elizabeth L. Potter; Princeton As i a n We e k Poster of Asian American history time line University Press; Dorothy M. Pryor, Public Policy Institute of for Asian Pacific Heritage Month (May) California; Random House Children’s Books; Raven River Pres s ; Dr . Francis Rigney; Ronald L. Rindge; Justin Ruhge; Saint Francis John Baranski Dissertation on the history of public housing Historical Society; Saint Ignatius Preparatory; Santa Clara in San Francisco, 1938-1998 University; Michael D. Schroeder; Robert Shallenberger; Scott Black Soil Cinema Salt Water Plunges of the late 19th century Shields; Simon & Schuster; Stanford University Press; Bernardi n e Swadley; Stephen Taber; Judith M. Taylor; Trinity County Jesse S. Crisler & Joseph McElrath Research for biography of novelist Frank Historical Society; UC Press; University of California, Berkeley, No r r i s Harmer E. Davis Transportation Library; University of New Liam Reidy Research on Environmental History Mexico Press; University of Oklahoma Press; University of Reconstruction at the Presidio Tennessee Press; University of Washington Press; University Pres s of Kansas; Vermont Historical Society; Victoria Dailey Publisher; Rona Halualani Research on Hawaiian Settlements in Ca r ole G. Vogel; Edward P. Von der Porten; WEM Records ; California, early 1800’s WGBH; Bernis Wall; David A. White; David Ansel Wei s s , Frank Won g Chinatown, 1930’s through 1960’s Cumberland Enterprises; Loren Wilson, E Clampus Vit u s ; Zamorano Club. Megan Shaw Prelinger Paper for the New England American Studies Association Conference on the Ph o t o g r a p h y : history of Hwy 96, the State of Jefferson • Photos of 1906 earthquake given by Joseph Ewing Scenic Byway • Small photo albums of San Francisco and Los Angeles from the late 1930’s given by Mrs. Judith Huf John Martini Historic views of Sutro Baths and Playland • Interior shots of Sutro Baths taken and donated by ret i r ed pro Mark Skubik Public policy and the political history of the fessional photographer E. Lee Hussey first and second outbreak of the bubonic plague in San Francisco Research Requests Rebecca Mead Western Women Suffrage The Library and Photography Collections are now open to res e a r chers by appointment only on Wednesdays and Thursdays, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. You may call 415-357-1848, ext. 20 to request an appointment, or direct your res e a rc h requests to [email protected]. You may also mail your questions to North Baker Research Library, 678 Mission St r eet, San Francisco, CA 94105, or fax them to 415-357- 1850. We will answer questions reg a r ding our holdings and brief ref e r ence questions about California. Un f o r t u n a t e l y , we do not own ref e r ence sources for answering genealogical requests; res e a r ch is limited to checking our collections for holdings on family me m b e r s . Photographer: Art Frisch. Last day at Sutro Baths, ca 1952. Gift of Benjamin Jordan. FN-32439

8 C A L I F O R N I A J O U R N E Y G HISTORIC RIVERSIDE urn of the century Riverside, home to the original Was h i n g t o n Mission Inn Museum Tnaval orange tree, became central geographically and cultural- View rare pieces from the Mission Inn collection such as life-sized ly to the rise and growth of citrus industry. Due in part to the papal court figures, Spanish and Mexican terra cotta and lac- ef fectiveness of citrus labels, as well as its close proximity to Los qu e r ed Asian temple guardians. The Museum offers docent-led Angeles and its luxurious climate, Riverside rep r esented the tours for overnight and day visitors. “California” of the collective imagination. The town became a 3696 Main Street, Riverside popular ret r eat for the social elite who came for a taste of the land 909-788-9556 that gave birth to citrus. Mt. Rubidoux Riverside still boasts the remnants of what was once a thriving cit- Fr om the highest point on Mt. Rubidoux hikers will discover a rus community. Visit the official California Citrus State Historic spectacular panoramic view, a cross dedicated to Father Junipero Park, the legendary Mission Inn or take a hike up Mt. Rubidoux. Serra and typical southern California terrain of pepper trees, cacti Use this introductory guide to begin an exploration of historic and century plants. Mt. Rubidoux trails can be accessed from a Riverside. parking lot at Rubidoux Drive and 10th Street, Riverside. California Citrus State Historic Park Riverside Art Museum Part of the old Citrus Belt, the California State Historic Park con- In 1929 Julia Morgan, architect of the Hearst Museum, designed tains 180 acres of working orange groves. In operation since the the Mediterranean-style building that was once a YM C A and is 1880s the Gage Canal system imports irrigation water for the now home to the Riverside Art Museum. Both contemporary and gro v e s . historic art are shown in the museum’s rotating exhibits. Van Buren Boulevard at Dufferin Avenue, Riverside 3425 Mission Inn Avenue, Riverside 90 9 - 7 8 0 - 6 2 2 2 90 9 - 6 8 4 - 7 1 11 Mission Inn ww w . riversideartmuseum.com Its Spanish revival arch i t e c t u r e, eclectic collection and prime loca- Riverside Municipal Museum tion in the heart of sunny Riverside made the Mission Inn one of Learn about the natural and cultural history of greater Riverside California’s most popular destinations during the height of the cit- at the Riverside Municipal Museum. rus industry. Flocks of Hollywood stars, politicians and military 3580 Mission Inn Avenue, Riverside ret i r ees took their holiday at the Mission Inn. Built by Frank Miller 90 9 - 8 2 6 - 5 2 7 3 between 1902-1931, the Inn still attracts visitors seeking out a his- ww w. c i . r i v e r s i d e . c a . u s / m u s e u m / toric experience in one of California’s most bizarre, grand buildings. The Heritage House 3649 Mission Inn Avenue, Riverside The Heritage House exemplifies nineteenth Century construc t i o n , 90 9 - 7 8 4 - 0 3 0 0 tastes, values and lifestyle. ww w. m i s s i o n i n n . c o m 8193 Magnolia Avenue, Riverside 90 9 - 8 2 6 - 5 2 7 3 For an alternative exploration of the early 20th ce n t u r y citrus landscape, travel along Highway 126 in Ven t u r a County. This road to the Santa Clarita Val l e y weaves through a series of small citrus towns like Fillmore and Santa Paula. You will pass through old working groves and may even spot original field worker houses.

by Jennifer Liss Editor, California Chronicle

Top: “”The greatest orange-growing district in the world. . . . View on the President Roosevelt Drive, Riverside, CA.” Photo: Sunset Photo Engraving, Co., San Francisco. Left: “Monument to Eliza Tibbets, who in 1873 planted the first orange tree in California. Near left: Mission Inn, Riverside, CA. Photo: H.A. Parker, Pasadena, CA. All photographs from the California Historical Society Photography Collection

9 WALKING TOURS G THE MUSEUM STORE G

The Califor nia Historical Society pres e n t s Color It Orange, Label It Art Hi s t o r y Wal k a b o u t s with Gary L. Holloway The CHS Museum Store, in conjunction with Big Orange: California Citrus Label Art, is offering two books by Gordon McClelland and The California Historical Society presents Jay Last that explore the value and fascination with California History Walkabouts with Gary L. Holloway. Explore the history, lore and architecture of label art. California with “everybody’s favorite guide.’’ California Orange Box La b e l s tells the definitive histo- Walks start from locations accessible by public ry of the production and use of transit and are repeated several times for your con- California orange crate labels. venience. Gary walks rain or shine, so dress for the weather. See order form in the next column for complete schedule and prices. Lavishly illustrated with 400 color illustrations, this book ex p l o r es the lives of the New! JULY 6-8 artists who designed the BELVEDERE (Marin County) labels, a chapter on the litho- This legendary California city is over 100 years old, and our stroll will embrace its graphic printing process and famous hill perched above the waters of the San Francisco Bay, with unique architec- a history of the companies ture and some of the most beautiful vistas in the world. The word ’’Belvedere“ is Latin that produced the labels. It for ’’beautiful view,” and the area was developed as a second-home colony for is arranged by subject mat- wealthy San Franciscans in the late 1900s. Our walk will take us from the small village ter and is fully indexed. center to the crest of the hill that defines the city, as we discover a variety of architec- Fruit Box Labels is the tural styles, walk wooded lanes, and hear tales about many of California’s first families. first full color price guide Walk Rating: Easy. to citrus labels. Fifteen hun- dr ed labels are pictured, with market values and approx i - mate dates when the labels were in use. Historical information New! JULY 27-29 pertaining to the four major ALAMO SQUARE (San Francisco) ci t r us regions, including This beautiful neighborhood and City Historic District sits astride a prominent California, is presented along ridgetop, offering wonderful views in all directions. The original plan of the Wes t e r n with ref e r ences for collectors Addition designated a number of public squares such as Alamo, the Spanish word for and a complete index. the polar tree. On this walk, we’ll see the Victorian neighborhood that grew up Both books are hard- around the square, famous for its variety of architecture and now for its many bed bound and can be mailed at and breakfast establishments, including the famous Archbishop Riordan’s Mansion. first class rate for a total cost And, we’ll pause to reflect on one of the most famous views of San Francisco: a clas- of $40 for members and $45 sic row of Victorian homes with the city’s highrise towers looming behind them. Walk for non-members. Please visit rating: Easy. the Museum Store at 678 Mission Street in San Francisco to see the variety of New! AUGUST 17-19 other orange crate merch a n - SAN JOSE ROAD (San Francisco) dise, including Mr. McClelland’s handpicked The earliest trails leading south from Mission Dolores towards San José were what is assortment of original crate no w Mission Street (the original El Camino Real) and the San José Road. Over the years, Mission Street became the major transportation route, while San José Road la b e l s . became truncated and integrated to the grid pattern of the Mission District. It became San José Avenue, a minor residential street. On this stroll we’ll look at the fascinating neighborhood which developed along this historic road, with an endless variety of MUSEUM STORE architectural styles and quiet residential lanes. And we’ll find some of the city’s largest 678 Mission Street,San Francisco, CA 94105-4014 and finest Victorian homes lining some of the major streets in the area, such as Valencia and Guerrero. This will be a walk in a hidden corner of our Mission District, 415 357-1860 complete with a secret park and astride the old right-of-way of the Ocean Shore Hours: Tuesday-Saturday, 11am-5pm Railroad to Santa Cruz. Walk rating: Easy. Put History on Your Wal l s ! Images from the CHS archives are now available in Harbor and anchorage, San Francisco, ca. 1863 (attributed to Carleton high quality fiber mat black and white prints, each 11" E. Watkins). FN 04763 x 14", suitable for framing. A miner panning for gold (f r om an Each print (price $37.00) can be original albumen print). ord e r ed and mailed to you at a FN 13899 total cost of $45.00 per print View from Russian Hill during the (includes tax, shipping and San Francisco earthquake and fire of handling). Images are hori- 19 0 6 by Arnold Genthe. zontal unless noted. Pictured FN 2112 7 is San Francisco Golden Gate The Street of Gamblers (By Day), by Park Conservatory, ca. 1890. Arnold Genthe, ca. 1895, vertical FN 22229 image. FN 23115 Blowing up Shag Rock, San Also available: Francisco Bay, April 30, 1900. View of San Francisco Bay from FN 23077 First and Howard Stree t s , ca. 1848 The Golden Gate Bridge under con- (f r om an original daguerreo t y p e ) . st r u c t i o n , by Ted Huggins, ca. FN 08426 1938, vertical image. FN 14817

10 CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY G

Newsletter – Feedback Form MEMBERSHIPS MAKE THOUGHTFUL GIFTS

Gift recipients will receive a full color card notifying them of your gift. Mail this form to: CHS, 678 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. Dear Members, Add $10 for addresses outside of the U.S. (including Canada) $40 of each membership covers membership benefits and is not tax deductible. ■ NEW MEMBER ■ RE N E W A L ■ GIFT MEMBERSHIP One of my priorities as the new editor of the California Chron i c l e is ■ $1000 President’s Council ■ $125 Sustaining ■ $40 Student/Teacher/Senior to provide a newsletter that truly meets the needs and interests of ■ $500 Benefactors ■ $75 Couple/Family ■ $250 Contributing ■ $50 Individual CHS members. I invite you to take a few moments and send me NEW MEMBER/GIFT GIVER GIFT RECIPIENT your comments and suggestions on the format, content or any- thing else that you feel is important. Please use the form prov i d e d Name Name be l o w . Although I will not be able to respond to individual com- Address Address ments, CHS will take them all into consideration when crea t i n g City City fu t u r e California Chron i c l e is s u e s . State/Zip State/Zip

Thank you for your continued support! Telephone Telephone

Gift giver: please print your name as you would like it to Ed i t o r , California Chron i c l e appear on the gift notification.

DONATION

Name Phone No. Your gift might be matched by your employer. ___ Contribution to the Annual Fund Contact your personnel office for details. Thank you. Name: ___ Contribution to the Library Fund ___ Please contact me about a Planned Gift City: Date: MEMBERSHIP/DONATION SUMMARY Comments: SUMMARY AMOUNT ___ Enclosed is my check payable to CHS Please charge my ____ Visa ____ MasterCard Memberships $

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TOTAL $ Authorized Signature

Day phone History Walkabouts with Gary L. Holloway Many walks sell out. Be sure to specify a first (1) and second (2) choice for each walk you select. No children under 8 and no pets, please. Walks last two hours; tour and teas last three hours. There are no refunds; howe ver we will do our best to accommodate changes in reservations. Meeting place information will be mailed with your order confirmation.

NO. OF TOTAL Choice: (1) or (2) TICKETS PRICE COST Send to: California Historical Society BELV E D E R E (Marin County) $1 5 Mem $20 Non-mem Attn: California Chronicle, 678 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. JUL 6 Friday 10am ______JUL 7 Saturday 10am _____ 2pm ______JUL 8 Sunday 10am _____ 2pm ______

ALAMO SQUARE, San Francisco $15 Mem $20 Non-mem JUL 27 Friday 10am ______Your Car JUL 28 Saturday 10am _____ 2pm ______JUL29 Sunday 10am _____ 2pm ______

SAN JOSE ROAD, San Francisco $15 Mem $20 Non-mem is History! APR 20 Friday 10am ______AP R 21 Sa t u r d a y 10am _____ 2pm ______AP R 22 Su n d a y 10am _____ 2pm ______We are pleased to announce the initiation of our vehicle TOTAL ______donation program. Cars, boats, RVs and real estate are

gratefully accepted. You Name Daytime phone receive a tax deduction for the Address blue book value of your vehi- Please make your check payable to CHS and mail to CHS, Attn: Walking Tours, 678 Mission St., San Francisco, CA 94105 cle and we receive funding Charge my VISA/MasterCard Acct# Exp. Date

PLEASE READ AND SIGN THE RELEASE BELOW. YOUR ORDER CANNOT BE FILLED WITHOUT IT. fr om the sale of your auto. The undersigned understands that participation in these tours may present possible risks and hazards. I assume any and all risks associated with the forego- ing and agree to hold CHS harmless from any loss or damage I may suffer as a result. I certify that I am in good physical condition and am safely able to Please call 1-800-974-7126 for participate in the tours for which I am registering. mo r e informa t i o n . Date Signature (of parent or guardian if participant is under18) Emergency Name Emergency Phone #

11 C A L I F O R N I A H I S T O R I C A L S O C I E T Y 6 7 8 M I S S I O N S T S A N F R A N C I S C O C A L I F O R N I A 9 4 1 0 5 California Chronicle NON PROFIT ORG. U.S. POSTAGE P A I D PERMIT NO. 191 SO. SAN FRANCISCO,

New California Historical Society Website Launches Summer 2001! Going live this summer, the new CHS site will feature online interactive projects and up-to-date access to information about CHS programs, events, tours and

CHS STAFF BOARD OF TRUSTEES res o u rc e s . Executive Director’s Office Publications Pr e s i d e n t : Presidents Emeriti: Stephen Becker, Exec. Dir., ext. 11 Janet Fireman, ext. 18 Maribelle B. Leavitt, San Francisco Louis Heilbron, San Francisco David B. Hudnut, Tiburon Jennifer Liss, Assistant, ext. 14 Editor, California History Vice President: Edith L. Piness, Ph.D., Mill Valley Larry Campbell, ext. 15 Marlene Smith-Baranzini, John K. Van de Kamp, Arcadia Chief Curator Assoc. Editor, ext. 18 Trustee Emeritus: Pamela Young, ext. 14 Tr e a s u r e r : Stephen L. Taber, Esq., San Francisco Graphic Design George W. Rowe, San Francisco Fine Arts Executive Director Emeritus: Marian Ueki, ext. 17 J.S. Holliday, Ph.D., Carmel Diana Daniels, Registrar, ext. 16 Museum Store Se c r e t a r y : Historic Costume Collections Fran Link, Manager, ext. 30 Peter J. Musto, San Francisco Fashion Inst. of Design & Merchandizing, L. A. Judy Sakaguchi, ext. 30 Maggie Paxten Murray Reception Regional Vice Presidents: Betsy Leland Link, Ph.D., Los Angeles Louise Coffey-Webb Judith Deaton, ext. 10 Toby Rose, San Francisco Library - (by appointment only) Erengo Suto, ext. 10 (Sat) Donn R. Schoenmann, San Francisco Brenda Baldwin, Cataloger, ext. 20 Webmaster Charles J. Soderquist, Ph.D., Sacramento Trina Lopez, Page, ext. 20 Enrique Peña, ext. 40 Abby Bridge, Asst. Librarian, ext. 20 Donald D. Crawford, Jr., Sea Ranch Tanya Hollis, Librarian, ext. 20 REACHING CHS Charles A. Fracchia, San Francisco Photography 678 Mission Street, SF CA 94105- Edward Helfeld, San Francisco 4 0 1 4 Wendy Welker, Archivist, ext. 28 Hon. Robert M. Hertzberg, Sacramento Phone: (415) 357-1848 Huell Howser, Los Angeles Kathryn Kowalewski, Photo Asst., ext. 26 Fax: (415) 357-1850 Robert S. Macfarlane, Jr., Los Angeles Crissa Van Vleck Rights & Repro , ext. 13 E-Mail: [email protected] , . Andrew C. McLaughlin III, P.D., San Francisco Southern California Collections at USC Web: www.calhist.org Museum Store: (415) 357-1860 Russell R. Miller, San Francisco Dace Taube (213) 743-3147 HOURS: John T. Olds, San Francisco Development/Membership Administration Mon-Fri, 9am-5pm Helen L. Rodriguez, San Francisco Maggie Kelly, Associate, ext. 29 Museum & Store John A. Schram, Kenwood Finance Tue-Sat, 11am-5pm A. Jess Shenson, M.D., Sarah Schulman, Dir. of Finance, ext. 12 San Francisco Questions? Contact the [email protected] Education Victoria Steele, Ph.D., Chelsea Pickslay, Director, ext. 22 Los Angeles Anissa Paulsen, Education Coord., ext. 24 John A. Traina, San Francisco