DOCSLIB.ORG

Closure of the Forth Road Bridge 22 January 2016 16/09 Alan Rehfisch

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Closure of the Forth Road Bridge 22 January 2016 16/09 Alan Rehfisch The Scottish Parliament and Scottish Parliament Infor mation C entre l ogos. SPICe Briefing Closure of the Forth Road Bridge 22 January 2016 16/09 Alan Rehfisch The Forth Road Bridge (FRB) was temporarily closed to all traffic at midnight on 3 December 2015, on the advice of specialist bridge engineers, after the discovery of defective steelwork. Following a series of temporary repairs, the FRB re-opened to traffic, except HGVs and abnormal loads, on 23 December 2015. This briefing outlines the history of the FRB, how it has been managed, funding for bridge operations and looks in more detail at the events leading up to its temporary closure. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF THE FORTH ROAD BRIDGE ..................................................................... 3 HISTORY OF THE FORTH ROAD BRIDGE ............................................................................................................... 4 INCREASE IN TRAFFIC LOADING AND TRAFFIC GROWTH ON THE FRB .......................................................... 4 SUSPENSION BRIDGE DESIGN AND THE CLOSURE OF THE FORTH ROAD BRIDGE ...................................... 5 FETA PROPOSALS TO REPAIR/REPLACE THE TRUSS END LINKAGES ............................................................ 8 BRIDGE TOLLING REGIME ...................................................................................................................................... 13 SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT GRANT FUNDING ....................................................................................................... 14 SOURCES .................................................................................................................................................................. 16 RELATED BRIEFINGS .............................................................................................................................................. 18 2 INTRODUCTION The Forth Road Bridge (FRB) is a long span suspension bridge that crosses the Firth of Forth some 15km west of Edinburgh. It is a vital link in Scotland's strategic road network used by over 24 million vehicles per year. The bridge and its approach viaducts, which carry a two lane dual carriageway plus cycle/foot paths, are 2,517 metres long. The suspension bridge itself is 1,822 metres long, making it the second longest single span suspension bridge in the UK after the Humber Bridge. When it opened in September 1964 the FRB was the fourth longest span bridge in the world and the first long span suspension bridge to be built outside of the United States. The FRB is currently the 28th longest span suspension bridge in the world. OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF THE FORTH ROAD BRIDGE The FRB has been owned and managed by three separate organisations, as set out below: Forth Road Bridge Joint Board: The construction and management of the Forth Road Bridge was overseen by the Forth Road Bridge Joint Board (FRBJB), established under the provisions of the Forth Road Bridge Order Confirmation Act 1947. The FRJB retained responsibility for the management and maintenance of the FRB until 1 April 2002. On that date the Joint Board was dissolved. Forth Estuary Transport Authority: On 1 April 2002 the assets, liabilities and responsibilities of the FRJB were passed to the newly created Forth Estuary Transport Authority (FETA) which was created under the provisions of the Forth Estuary Transport Order 2002. FETA was established with a broader remit than the FRBJB, allowing it to spend money on public transport and other initiatives aimed at improving cross-Forth travel and reducing congestion on the Forth Road Bridge as well as focusing on Bridge maintenance and operation. The then Scottish Executive outlined the reasons behind the establishment of FETA in a press release issued in January 2002, which stated: "The creation of the Forth Estuary Transport Authority marks a significant step forward in our efforts to tackle congestion on the Forth Road Bridge and to improve travel across the Forth. While maintenance of the bridge will remain a top priority, the Authority will also be able to use revenues to fund public transport alternatives, road works, traffic management measures and other schemes it feels will bring real benefits to bridge users.” FETA was a joint board made up of councillors from four local authorities, namely: City of Edinburgh Council 4 members Fife Council 4 members Perth & Kinross Council 1 member West Lothian Council 1 member FETA was formally wound up, under the provisions of the Forth Road Bridge Act 2013, on 1 June 2015. Scottish Ministers: On 1 June 2015 the assets, liabilities and responsibilities of FETA were passed to Scottish Ministers, under the provisions of the Forth Road Bridge Act 2013. Transport Scotland, acting on behalf of Scottish Ministers, contracted out the day-to-day 3 management and maintenance of the FRB to Amey, which was the successful bidder for a five year long management and maintenance contract. This contract also began on 1 June 2015. HISTORY OF THE FORTH ROAD BRIDGE The Forth Road Bridge was designed, and the construction supervised, by two firms of Consulting Engineers, Messrs. Mott Hay and Anderson and Sir Freeman Fox and Partners. The bridge was built by a consortium, known as the ACD group, which involved Sir William Arrol & Company, The Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company and Dorman Long (Bridge and Engineering). The cost of constructing the bridge and approach viaducts was £11.5m. The total cost of the construction of the bridge project, 1964/5 cash price, including eight miles of dual carriageway on the approaches, a further eight miles of minor roads and 24 other minor bridges, was £19.5m. Several major projects have been carried out on the FRB since it opened in 1964. These projects were required to either replace, strengthen or improve elements of the structure following changes to traffic loading, design codes, a risk assessment of shipping impact and the results of testing of bridge components. The key projects include: Strengthening of viaduct box girders, completed in 1977 Strengthening of main tower wind bracing, completed in 1992 Strengthening of the main towers, completed in 1997 Construction of pier defences, protecting the main towers from damage by shipping, completed in 1998 Replacement of hanger ropes, completed in 2008 Main cable inspection, acoustic monitoring and dehumidification system, the first internal inspection of the main cables was carried out in 2004, followed by the installation of acoustic monitoring equipment in 2006 to monitor wire breakages and the installation of the main cable dehumidification system in 2008/09, the third internal inspection of the main cables was carried out in 2012 Inspection and testing of the main cable anchorages, completed in 2013. INCREASE IN TRAFFIC LOADING AND TRAFFIC GROWTH ON THE FRB The Forth Road Bridge was designed to carry loads specified in British Standard 153, which was based on a convoy of up to five 22 ton vehicles, the heaviest allowed on UK roads at that time, and eight 10 ton vehicles followed by lighter vehicles. Since the opening of the FRB, the maximum UK vehicle weight has been increased several times, as set out below: 1983: 38 tonne articulated vehicles with five axles (with a drive axle maximum weight of 10.5 tonnes); 1999: the allowable weight limit was increased to 40 tonnes on five axles (with the axle weight limit increased to 11.5 tonnes); 1994: six axle 44 tonne vehicles (max drive axle weight of 10.5 tonnes) allowed on a very limited number of UK roads 2001: six axle 44 tonne vehicles were allowed on all UK roads (with a max drive axle weight of 10.5 tonnes). 4 It should be noted that some overweight Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) with a gross vehicle weight in excess of 44 tonnes cross the FRB. Amey monitor vehicle weight and movements using a weigh in motion system located on the north side of the bridge. In addition to the growth in maximum vehicle weights set out above, the amount of traffic using the FRB has increased at a relatively steady rate of 2-3 per cent growth each year, levelling off at around 24 million vehicles per annum in around 2003. Works to strengthen the FRB have been undertaken, as set out above, which have ensured the bridge remains safe to use at all times. However, the increase in vehicle weights and amount of traffic using the bridge is far in excess of that anticipated by its designers, which has an impact on the life expectancy of bridge components and the amount and frequency of maintenance required to ensure continued safe operation. SUSPENSION BRIDGE DESIGN AND THE CLOSURE OF THE FORTH ROAD BRIDGE To understand the nature of the defect that led to the temporary closure of the Forth Road Bridge it is important to understand how a suspension bridge works. This is very briefly explained below. Figure 1: View of the Forth Road Bridge Showing Viaducts, Main Towers, Piers, Main Cables, Hangers, Suspended Span and Roadway Photograph: Forth Road Bridge 5 General principles1: The Forth Road Bridge consists of two main towers, built on concrete piers sunk into the bed of the river Forth, over which two parallel main cables, themselves made up of 11,618 individual wires, are stretched. The ends of these cables are attached to large concrete anchors which are sunk deep into the rock at either end of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Firth of Forth Bridges
    Historic Bridge Foundation Facebook Archives Focus Bridges: Firth of Forth Bridges September 2017 The Firth of Forth in Scotland is a unique location— perhaps one of the only locations in the world where three centuries of large-scale bridge design and construction can be seen side by side. Here, three parallel bridges cross the Firth of Forth: the 1890 Forth Rail Bridge, the 1964 Forth Road Bridge, and the 2017 Queensferry Crossing. The Forth Rail Bridge is a steel cantilever through truss, and one of a small number of bridges in the world to be designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which was awarded in 2015. The UNESCO World Heritage designation not only recognizes the bridge’s "outstanding universal value" but also confirms its protection and preservation as a heritage structure. Among the most famous bridges in the world, the Forth Rail Bridge was the longest cantilever truss bridge in the world when it was completed in 1890. The 1917 Quebec Bridge in Canada is the only bridge to have surpassed its span among cantilever truss bridges. Sir John Fowler and Sir Benjamin Baker designed the Forth Rail Bridge and construction began in 1882. It is unique for its use of massive tubular members and is also one of the first large-scale uses of steel in bridges rather than wrought iron. It remains in use by trains today, and was fully blasted and repainted for the first time starting in 2002. The bridge's overall length is 8,093 feet and the main spans are 1,700 feet each.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Dunedin Income Growth Investment Trust
    The History of Dunedin Income Growth Investment Trust PLC The first investment trust launched in Scotland, 1873 – 2018 Dunedin Income Growth Trust Investment Income Dunedin Foreword 1873 – 2018 This booklet, written for us by John Newlands, It is a particular pleasure for me, as Chairman of DIGIT describes the history of Dunedin Income Growth and as former employee of Robert Fleming & Co to be Investment Trust PLC, from its formation in Dundee able to write a foreword to this history. It was Robert in February 1873 through to the present day. Fleming’s vision that established the trust. The history Launched as The Scottish American Investment Trust, of the trust and its role in making professional “DIGIT”, as the Company is often known, was the first investment accessible is as relevant today as it investment trust formed in Scotland and has been was in the 1870s when the original prospectus was operating continuously for the last 145 years. published. I hope you will find this story of Scottish enterprise, endeavour and vision, and of investment Notwithstanding the Company’s long life, and the way over the past 145 years interesting and informative. in which it has evolved over the decades, the same The Board of DIGIT today are delighted that the ethos of investing in a diversified portfolio of high trust’s history has been told as we approach the quality income-producing securities has prevailed 150th anniversary of the trust’s formation. since the first day. Today, while DIGIT invests predominantly in UK listed companies, we, its board and managers, maintain a keen global perspective, given that a significant proportion of the Company’s revenues are generated from outside of the UK and that many of the companies in which we invest have very little exposure to the domestic economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Forth Replacement Crossing Community Forum Minutes
    Page 1 of 16 Forth Replacement Crossing Community Forum Minutes Meeting Location: FRC Contact & Education Centre, South Queensferry Meeting Date/Time: 29 November 2017 – 7 pm Participants: Transport Scotland – Employer’s Delivery Team Lawrence Shackman - FRC Project Manager Raymond Kirk – FRC Policy, Governance and Stakeholder Liaison, Outreach and Education Forth Crossing Bridge Constructors Katrina Bruce - FCBC Community Liaison Brian Walker – FCBC (part) Amey Chris Waite – Media and Communications Manager City of Edinburgh Council Dave Sinclair Community Representatives Wayne Morris - Inverkeithing Community Council Lin Collis - North Queensferry Community Council Grant Sangster - QDCC Bert Scott - Cramond & Barnton Community Council Doug Tait – BRIGS Les Chapman - BRIGS Peter Fitzgerald - BRIGS Page 2 of 16 David Buchanan – Kirkliston Community Council Doug Ross - Cramond & Barnton Community Council Tim Beasley - Newton Community Council Apologies Alan Shirley - Head of Policy, Governance and Stakeholder Liaison Keith Giblett – QDCC Bill King – Rosyth Community Council Action 1 Welcome and introductions 1.1 - Meeting Chaired by LS. LS welcomed all to the Community Forum and reminded everyone of the Health and Safety arrangements: Toilets are located on the ground floor in reception area. No smoking policy in and around the entrance to the building. No fire alarms planned for this evening. If the fire alarm sounds, make your way to the nearest exit and congregate at the muster point in the car park (red phone box). LS also stated that this would be the final Community Forum in its current guise and following the Queensferry Crossing opening as a motorway at the end of January 2018, the responsibility for community engagement would transfer to the Forth Bridges Operating Company – FBOC.
    [Show full text]
  • Forth Road Bridge Suspended Span Under Deck Access (SSUDA) Improvements – Phase 6 NGR 312541, 679746 (Centre Point)
    Transport Scotland EC DIRECTIVE 97/11 (as amended) ROADS (SCOTLAND) ACT 1984 (as amended) RECORD OF DETERMINATION Name of Project: Location: Forth Road Bridge Forth Road Bridge Suspended Span Under Deck Access (SSUDA) Improvements – Phase 6 NGR 312541, 679746 (centre point) DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT BEAR Scotland (BEAR) has been commissioned by Transport Scotland to undertake Suspended Span Under Deck Access (SSUDA) improvement works on the Forth Road Bridge (FRB). The bridge spans the Firth of Forth between South Queensferry and North Queensferry (Appendix A, Figure 1 and Figure 2). The FRB SSUDA system was designed and installed in 1981 and travels the full 1821 m length of the bridge. It is used for inspection of the suspended span and for carrying out minor remedial works such as painting, replacing bolted connections and maintenance of the deck half joints. The FRB SSUDA system is comprised of walkways made of steel angle and channel sections connected through plated, bolted or welded connections. The walkway mesh is supported on longitudinally spanning angle sections with a maximum span of 3.86 m centres between the walkway hangers. The walkway hangers are mainly standard to each line; however, several bespoke hangers exist to avoid collision with the bridge structure or public utilities. The two walkways below the pedestrian footpaths / cycleways are designated as the ‘A-Lines’. The walkways below each carriageway are the ‘C-Lines’, and the ‘D-Line’ is below the central reservation. The longitudinal stiffening truss, or ‘top chord’ is designated as the ‘B-Line’, from which are suspended temporary ‘B-Line hangers’.
    [Show full text]
  • LMRC ‘Re-Tweeted’ the St
    Campaign The Levenmouth Rail Campaign Update 37 Newsletter January “ More Than Just a Railway ! ” 2018 Happy New Year, Everyone - Enjoy 2018! “More Than Just a Railway!” ———————————–—————————————————————— New Slogan … and Plenty of New Campaign Strategies “A F I R S T - C L A S S P r e se n t a t i o n f r o m @Playfair15 tonight - lots of well—evidenced analysis and useful recommendations! ….. .... … .. ” — That was how the Above: The Playfair Consulting LMRC ‘re-tweeted’ the St. Group brief LMRC members at their meeting on Tuesday, 28th. November. Andrews-based Playfair Consulting Group for their impressive display at the TheDundee-Levenmouthfinal meeting of 2017 at Fife College, on Methil- Dundee, and its famous haven Road, Buckhaven. Tay railway bridge. The LMRC, and the Connection IImage:: Wiikiidata.. ‘News’ editor Alistair Ayn- scough, thank all of them LAST MONTH The LevenMouth Rail for all that sterling work! Campaign met up with their new He has already adopted the new LMRC campaign ‘mentors’, Playfair Consulting Group, and also Dundee Council ’s transport slogan ‘More Than Just a officials, for an important get together, to Railway’ for these news- discuss just how the Levenmouth rail link letters’ main title-banners. might benefit Dundee in future, and not connection could reduce Dundee’s likely The meeting, on Tues- day, 28th. November, was just Levenmouth. Gregor Hamilton, Head benefits but, by calling at a ‘minor’ plat- to set out new campaign of the Council ’s Planning and Economic form at one or other of the stations
    [Show full text]
  • Scotland's Key Transport Infrastructure Projects
    Scotland’s key transport infrastructure projects Prepared by Audit Scotland June 2013 Auditor General for Scotland The Auditor General’s role is to: • appoint auditors to Scotland’s central government and NHS bodies • examine how public bodies spend public money • help them to manage their finances to the highest standards • check whether they achieve value for money. The Auditor General is independent and reports to the Scottish Parliament on the performance of: • directorates of the Scottish Government • government agencies, eg the Scottish Prison Service, Historic Scotland • NHS bodies • further education colleges • Scottish Water • NDPBs and others, eg Scottish Police Authority, Scottish Fire and Rescue Service. You can find out more about the work of the Auditor General on our website: www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/about/ags Audit Scotland is a statutory body set up in April 2000 under the Public Finance and Accountability (Scotland) Act 2000. We help the Auditor General for Scotland and the Accounts Commission check that organisations spending public money use it properly, efficiently and effectively. Scotland’s key transport infrastructure projects | 3 Contents Summary 4 Key messages 7 Part 1. Overview of projects and progress to date 12 Part 2. Investment decision-making and management 21 Part 3. Financial management and public reporting 32 Endnotes 43 Appendix 1. Audit methodology 44 Appendix 2. Advantages and disadvantages of different financing methods 45 Exhibit data When viewing this report online, you can access background data by clicking on the graph icon. The data file will open in a new window. 4 | Summary Key facts £1,462 Forth million £745 Replacement million Crossing Oct Mar 2016 2018 Aberdeen Western Borders Peripheral Route/ Railway Balmedie-Tipperty Combined estimated 30-year budget £353 commitment for million the five projects1 Sept £588 £7.5 billion 2015 million Apr 2017 Edinburgh- M8 Glasgow bundle Improvement £650 Programme million Mar 2019 – phase 1 Current estimated building cost Current forecast completion date Note: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Ferrymuir Gait, South Queensferry, Edinburgh EH30 9SF Ferrymuir Gait, South Queensferry
    FOR SALE PRIME EDINBURGH RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SITE • Planning Permission in Principle (PPP) for up to 125 residential units • Approx. 4.1 hectares (10.1 acres) • Net Developable Area approx. 3.5 hectares (8.6 acres) • Located within the boundary of The City of Edinburgh ©Aerial Photography Solutions 2014 Approximate area for illustrative purposes only On Behalf of Corus Hotels www.ferrymuirgait.com Ferrymuir Gait, South Queensferry, Edinburgh EH30 9SF Ferrymuir Gait, South Queensferry Proposed Site Layout - all details are approximate The site at Ferrymuir Gait, formerly occupied by the Forth Bridges Hotel, is a prime development site overlooking the Firth of Forth approximately 10 miles from Edinburgh. Extending to approximately 4.1 Ha (10.1 acres), the site occupies a prominent elevated position overlooking the Firth of Forth with excellent access links to Edinburgh and beyond. Planning Permission in Principle (PPP) was granted on 8th October 2015 for up to 125 units, including 25% Affordable Housing, with access from the Varney Estate, to the east of the site. The PPP consent applies to the roads, access, open space and unit numbers but leaves the layout as illustrative and subject to subsequent Approval of Matters Specified in Conditions (AMC) application. SITE DESCRIPTION: • The site is situated in the town of South Queensferry, approx. 1 mile from the station at Dalmeny with regular trains to both Edinburgh (approx. a 20 minute journey) and connections to the north. • The site extends to approx. 4.1 hectares (10.1 acres). Formerly occupied by the Forth Bridges Hotel, the site is now cleared and vacant.
    [Show full text]
  • Congestion Charging
    No.StB dliilI Edinburgh. In C!4! wontrasts Look at www.transportedinburgh.info for Facts Without Spin Congestion Charging - a Community Perspective 20 Reasons Why You Should Vote Against Congestion Charging Despite the hundreds of concerns and objections expressed at the May 2004 Congestion Charging Public Inquiry, the City of Edinburgh Council remains determined to press ahead with a flawed congestion charging scheme. More than twelve community councils and local organisations took part in the public inquiry. Many were extremely concerned about the negative impact of the congestion charging proposals on their communities. Listed below* are 20 reasons why you should vote “NO” in the February 2005 Referendum. 1. Traffic is projected to increase on over 60 Edinburgh streets in communities which lie between the cordons. Rat-running, as drivers try to avoid the cordons, will impact on everyone. Most affected areas are: Leith Walk, Canonmills, lnverleith and the Botanic Gardens, Dalry-Blackhall, Corstorphine, Marchmont, Morningside, Queen’s Drive, Duddingston and the 6701 orbital route. 2. This is congestion-building scheme, not a congestion-busting scheme. 64% of car journeys will be unaffected, as they are made between the proposed two cordons or inside the inner cordon. 3. Neither details nor a timetable for mitigation of the impacts of the congestion charge on streets which will experience more traffic are available. A report has been promised, but this should have been done at an earlier stage. Mitigation is not always possible (for example, along emergency services routes). Where it is possible, it has a knock-on effect on other neighbourhood streets.
    [Show full text]
  • Arrol House Rosyth Europarc, Viking Way Rosyth, Fife, Ky11 2Uu
    TO LET/ FOR SALE WWW.ARROL-HOUSE.CO.UK ARROL HOUSE ROSYTH EUROPARC, VIKING WAY ROSYTH, FIFE, KY11 2UU Newly Refurbished Open Plan Grade A Office Accommodation Located adjacent to Babcock International, Lloyds Banking Group and Sainsbury’s Bank From 465 - 1,992 sq m (5,000 to 21,446 sq ft) Immediate entry available EPC “B” Classification ARROL HOUSE 02 ROSYTH LOCATION LOCATED ON THE NORTHERN SHORE OF THE FIRTH OF FORTH, ROSYTH EUROPARC OCCUPIES A GATEWAY POSITION WITHIN SCOTLAND’S CENTRAL BELT AND FIFE’S EVOLVING BRIDGEHEAD AREA. A variety of Scotland’s diverse engineering, production, finance and technology companies are situated within South West Fife, taking advantage of the diverse working population and excellent proximity to Scotland’s key office and industrial districts. Rosyth Europarc is particularly well LLOYDS BANK established for its’ easy access to the Scottish motorway networks with direct access to the M90 motorway leading SAINSBURY’S BANK directly to the arterial A9, M8 and M9 motorways. Edinburgh Airport and Edinburgh City Centre are respectively 20 and 25 minutes by road via the Forth Road Bridge and the Forth Replacement Crossing project is currently underway with completion scheduled for June 2017. The new ARROL HOUSE Queensferry Crossing will be of great benefit to Fife and will prompt further development of the Bridgehead area. The location also benefits from a range of public transport amenities including both Inverkeithing and Rosyth railway stations which provide trains to Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Dundee via the national rail network. Inverkeithing railway station provides a direct link to London via the East Coast Main Line.
    [Show full text]
  • Fife Waterfront Network Proposal
    FIFE WATERFRONT NETWORK Fife Waterfront Network Proposal Prepared by: James Bell 25 June 2020 Proposal number: 123-4567 FIFE WATERFRONT NETWORK EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Objective To redefine Inverkeithing as a transport hub for walkers and cyclists and promote a sustainable active travel economy, recognising Inverkeithing’s unique location as a gateway from the Forth Road Bridge into and from the Fife Coastal Path, routes 1 and 76 of the National Cycle Network and noting the path’s close proximity to Ferrytoll bus station and Inverkeithing train station. To create sustainable regeneration and bring distinction and investment to Inverkeithing, enhancing its waterfront and access to the Fife Coastal Path for everyone. It will offer potential downstream benefits to Dalgety Bay, Aberdour and beyond. Rationale Over the course of 120 years three iconic bridges have been constructed over the Firth of Forth at the equivalent cost of billions of pounds. In combination with the rich natural splendour of the area and fascinating history, Inverkeithing and towns along the Fife Coastal Path are in a position to capitalise from sustainable tourism growth and self-discovery. The Forth Rail Bridge is an iconic World Heritage Site. The construction of the Queensferry Crossing has eased traffic on the Forth Road Bridge, further enhancing the experience of crossing it on foot or bike on dedicated lanes - but the benefit of this monumental investment has not been fully realised. This is because on exiting the Forth Road Bridge at Inverkeithing the cycle lane immediately degenerates and becomes unfit for purpose. Instead of Inverkeithing being a hub, linking visitors using the Forth Road Bridge and the Fife Coastal Path, the substandard nature of the connection deters visitors from onward exploration into Inverkeithing and beyond, achieving exactly the opposite to what it should.
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Tour of Britain & Ireland
    GRAND TOUR OF BRITAIN & IRELAND 18 Day London to London May 12th - May 30th 2023 ITINERARY Day 1 ARRIVE IN LONDON, ENGLAND Day 2 LONDON (B) Day 3 LONDON–STONEHENGE – WIDECOMBE – PLYMOUTH (B) (D) Day 4 PLYMOUTH–GLASTONBURY–BATH–CARDIFF, WALES (B) Day 5 CARDIFF–TENBY–TRAMORE, IRELAND (B) Day 6 TRAMORE–BLARNEY–KILLARNEY (B) Day 7 KILLARNEY. RING OF KERRY EXCURSION (B) Day 8 KILLARNEY–DINGLE PENINSULA–ADARE–LIMERICK (B) Day 9 LIMERICK–CLIFFS OF MOHER–GALWAY–DUBLIN (B) Day 10 DUBLIN (B) Day 11 DUBLIN–CAERNARVON, WALES–LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND (B) Day 12 LIVERPOOL–LAKE DISTRICT–GRETNA GREEN, SCOTLAND – GLASGOW (B) (D) Day 13 GLASGOW–FORT WILLIAM–INVERNESS–CULLODEN MOOR–HIGHLANDS (B) (D) Day 14 HIGHLANDS–PITLOCHRY–ST. ANDREWS–EDINBURGH (B) Day 15 EDINBURGH (B) Day 16 EDINBURGH–JEDBURGH–YORK, ENGLAND–LEEDS (B) (D) Da7 17 LEEDS–STRATFORD-UPON-AVON–LONDON (B) Day 18 LONDON - Your vacation ends with breakfast this morning. (B) ACCOMMODATIONS Hotels subject to change INCLUDED FEATURES LONDON Novotel London West (F) R/T Motor Coach Shermans Dale to Airport PLYMOUTH Jury Inn (F) Round Trip Airfare CARDIFF Mercure (F) 18 Day Escorted Tour TRAMORE Majestic (ST) 17 Nights Hotel KILLARNEY Killarney Court (F) All Gov’t Taxes & Fees LIMERICK Limerick City Hotel (ST) 18 Full English breakfasts DUBLIN Bonnington (F) 5 three-course dinners with choice of menus LIVERPOOL Holiday Inn Liverpool City Centre (F) Pre Trip Meet & Greet GLASGOW Leoardo Inn West End (F) HIGHLANDS Carrbridge (F) Per person EDINBURGH Novotel Edinburgh Park (F) $4,799* double occupancy LEEDS Holiday Inn (F) LONDON Kensington Close (ST) or Novotel London West (F) JC Smith Travel 5263 Spring Rd *ALL PRICING AND INCLUDED FEATURES ARE BASED ON A MINIMUM OF Shermans Dale 20 PASSENGERS.
    [Show full text]
  • Access-Statement.Pdf
    Table of Contents General Information About Us Wheelchair Users Prams Entrance and Pre-Arrival Getting Here By Rail By Bus By Car By Taxi By Bicycle Car Park and Lift Entrance Main Entrance Dynamic Earth Amphitheatre: Earth’s Core and Outside Picnic Area Ticket Desk Cloakroom Tour, Education, and Corporate Entrance to Tour Exhibitions and Access along the Tour Education Classrooms Corporate Events Other Amenities Food Chain Café Public Toilets Natural Selection Gift Shop Ocean Commotion Soft Play Additional Information Assistance Dogs Signage Staff Training First Aid Public Wi-Fi Contact Information Building Diagrams General Information About Us: Our Dynamic Earth is a Five Star Visitor Attraction located in the heart of Edinburgh. Our Dynamic Earth is fully accessible for wheelchair users and prams. We also have additional amenities for those with special access needs including transcripts and audio guides. Our tour experience invites you to take a journey through time to witness the story of planet Earth. Through a series of interactive exhibits, state of the art technology, and a 4D encounter. You will feel the heat of a bubbling volcano, face the chill of polar ice, and fly across the globe before crash landing in a tropical rainforest. Hours of Operation: April through October open everyday from 10:00 – 17:30 (last admission 16:00). July and August open from 10:00 – 18:00 (last admission 16:30). November through March open Wednesday to Sunday (closed Monday and Tuesday) 10:00 – 17:30 (last admission 16:00). Please check our website prior to your visit. Wheelchair Users: The Dynamic Earth tour is fully accessible for wheelchair users.
    [Show full text]