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Mining Journal Special Publication 2005.Pdf NAMIBIA ■ More than diamonds and deserts ■ Increasing focus on uranium, base metals and precious metals ■ New generation of modern mines ■ Extensive state-of-the-art geodata supports exploration ■ Well-defi ned mining code and supportive government SPECIAL PUBLICATION 2 Mining Journal special publication, London, November 2005 NAMIBIA Exploration opportunities abound in a stable country, rich in minerals ITUATED in southwestern Africa, Namibia than 50% of export earnings deriving from minerals (of includes a competitive policy and regulatory frame- covers an area of some 825,400 km2 and has which around 70% are from diamonds). work, security of tenure and the provision of national a population in the order of 1.83 million, There is a well-developed physical infrastructure, geo-scientific data. of which around one-third is urban. While with over 42,000 km of roads that connect the major The minerals policy addresses a wide range of issues the official language is English, a number of towns and link Namibia to neighbouring countries. In pertinent to the mining sector including: economic and Sindigenous languages are also spoken, as well as Ger- addition, a well-established rail network runs between development policy; a review of the mining industry as man and Afrikaans. major Namibian cities, the South African border and a whole; value addition; marketing; the environment; With the Kalahari Desert in the east and the Namib the country’s two ports at Walvis Bay and Luderitz. human resources; governance (including transparency); Desert in the west, Namibia has a predominantly arid to Namibia’s international airport is situated some 50 km and research and development. Formulated following semi-arid climate, with sub-tropical conditions in the far from Windhoek and provides a number of daily flights, wide-ranging consultations with all stakeholders, the northeast. The topography rises from the coastal plains mostly to sub-Saharan Africa, but also to Europe, and country’s minerals policy is enabling the Ministry of bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the central highlands most local centres have facilities for smaller aircraft. Mines and Energy to revitalise and promote the mining around Windhoek. Some 15% of the country’s total Namibia also has a modern telecommunications industry, backed by mining legislation that enhances surface area consists of designated nature reserves and infrastructure, which is 98% digital and provides direct- Namibia as an attractive investment destination. protected areas to safeguard its unique wildlife and dialling access to most of the world. Namibia Post has In addition, the policy clearly states that the govern- landforms. offices and agencies throughout the country, and the ment will encourage, promote and invest in research Windhoek is the country’s administrative, judicial and water and electricity infrastructure, which is currently and development in the search for innovative solutions legislative capital. Other major growth centres include being extended into remote rural areas, is rated one of to the challenges faced by the mining sector. The Oshakati, Ondangwa, Grootfontein, Tsumeb, Rundu, the best on the African continent. pivotal role played by the Geological Survey of Namibia Katima Mulilo, Swakopmund, Walvis Bay, Rehoboth, Namibia’s social infrastructure includes one of the in carrying out geoscientific research and development Keetmanshoop, Okahandja, Mariental, Otjiwarongo, best doctor/patient ratios in Africa. State-run hospitals has led to an increase in the number of its operational Luderitz and Gobabis. The Namibian Constitution are located in all major centres, with additional private divisions from three to six. The survey’s staff is being entrenches multi-party democracy, and lays down the facilities in Windhoek, Otjiwarongo, Tsumeb, Walvis Bay increased over a five-year period, with the government division of power between the executive, legislature and Swakopmund. Apart from a widespread system also allocating funds in the development budget for a and judiciary. Since independence in 1990, Namibia has of primary and secondary schools, which accounts for number of projects aimed at improving the country’s built a strong democratic foundation, committed to a a literacy rate of more than 80%, the country boasts geological and geophysical database. free-market economy. Presidential and local authority a number of colleges, technicons and other tertiary elections are held on a regular basis, and are conducted educational institutions. Namibia’s highest institution of MINERAL SECTOR ADMINISTRATION freely and fairly. learning is the University of Namibia, in Windhoek. Operating under the 1992 Mining Act, the Mining The national currency, the Namibia dollar (N$), is Commissioner’s office of the Ministry of Mines and linked to the South African rand, which also serves as le- NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY Energy issues the following five licence types related to gal tender in Namibia. The country’s major commercial Published in 2002, Namibia’s minerals policy established exploration and mining: banks (such as Bank Windhoek, FNB Namibia Holdings, the guiding principles and direction of government in ■ Mining Claim: Available only to Namibian citizens Standard Bank of Namibia and Nedbank Namibia) have relation to mining-sector development. The govern- for the development of small-scale mines and mineral a nation-wide network of branches, and are capable of ment has long recognised the significant contribution deposits, mining claims are valid for three years. Two- providing international services, as well as specialised made by the mining industry to the country’s social year extension periods are possible provided that the merchant-banking facilities. and economic development, and acknowledges that claim is being developed or worked. Per capita GDP at current prices was N$16,509 in exploration and the development of mineral wealth ■ Reconnaissance Licence: Designed for regional, 2003, and per capita GDP at constant prices for the is best undertaken by the private sector. To achieve a mainly remotely-sensed exploration, a reconnaissance same period was N$8,401. In 2004, the inflation rate sustained contribution from the mining sector to the licence is valid for six months on a non-renewable basis. decreased to 4.6% from an average of 7.3% in 2003. economy, the government has created a conducive and This licence facilitates the identification of exploration The most important sectors of Namibia’s economy are enabling legislative, fiscal and institutional environ- targets and is only exclusive in special cases. mining, fishing, agriculture and tourism, with more ment to attract private sector-driven exploration. This ■ Exclusive Prospecting Licence: This three-year Metallogenic focus 4 Mineral exploration 11 Contents Diamonds 5 Junior exploration activity 12 Uranium 7 Geological Survey of Namibia 13 Base and precious metals 8 Economic geology and data 14 Geological map of Namibia 2 Copper-lead 8 Geochemical data, laboratories Introduction to Namibia 3 Zinc-lead 8 and publications 14 National minerals policy 3 Minerals and metals production 9 The Minerals Development Mineral sector administration 3 Gold 11 Fund of Namibia 15 Namibia’s geology 4 Dimension stone 11 Key contacts 15 Mining Journal special publication, London, November 2005 3 NAMIBIA Exploration drilling at Bafex Exploration (Pty) Ltd’s Tevrede iron oxide-copper-gold project, under option to Boulder Mining Corp and Springbok Resources Ltd THE NUMBER OF EXCLUSIVE PROSPECTING LICENCES AND MINING LICENCES GRANTED EACH YEAR BY THE MINISTRY OF MINES AND ENERGY 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 (Jan-June) Sinclair SequenceSequence of centralcentral Namibia, with its aassociatedssociated EPL 89 78 48 97 148 90 96 87 43 granitesgranites (for(for example,example, the GamsbergGamsberg Suite).Suite). ML 9 4 8 5 4 8 12 2 1 The coastal and intracontinental arms of the late Source: Directorate of Mines, 2005 ProterozoicProterozoic DamaraDamara OrogenOrogen (800-500 Ma)Ma) underlieunderlie largelarge partsparts of northwesternnorthwestern and centralcentral Namibia,Namibia, withwith licencelicence allowsallows systematicsystematic prospectingprospecting in areasareas of up TheThe bulk of explorationexploration and mining in NamiNamibiabia isis stable platformplatform carbonatescarbonates in the northnorth and a vvarietyariety to 1,000 km2. It gives exclusive exploration rights to focused on diamonds, precious metals, base metals, of metasedimentary rocks pointing to more variable the land and may be extended twice for two-year industrial minerals and, more recently, on uranium. depositional conditions further south. Along the periods if demonstrable progress is shown. Renewals Namibia also has several active dimension-stone quar- southwestern coast, the volcano-sedimentary Gariep beyond seven years require special approval from the ries and processing plants. Furthermore, companies are Belt is interpreted as being the southern extension of Minister. actively exploring for fossil fuels, and the off shore Kudu the Damara Orogen. During the later stages of orogenic ■ Mining Licence: This gives the holder the exclusive gas fi eld will be exploited in the near future. With the evolution, the shallow-marine clastic sediments of the mining right in the licence area for a period of 25 recovery in the global economy and improvements in Nama Group, which covers much of central-southern years or the life of the mine, with renewals valid for commodity prices, renewed
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