Bottlenose Dolphins Population Structure
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Washington Gray Wolf Conservation and Management 2016 Annual Report
WASHINGTON GRAY WOLF CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT 2016 ANNUAL REPORT A cooperative effort by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Confederated Colville Tribes, Spokane Tribe of Indians, USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Photo: WDFW This report presents information on the status, distribution, and management of wolves in the State of Washington from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016. This report may be copied and distributed as needed. Suggested Citation: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Confederated Colville Tribes, Spokane Tribe of Indians, USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2017. Washington Gray Wolf Conservation and Management 2016 Annual Report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Colville, WA, USA. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were classified as an endangered species in Washington under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1973. In 2011, wolves in the eastern third of Washington were removed from federal protections under the ESA. Wolves in the western two- thirds of Washington continue to be protected under the ESA and are classified as an endangered species under federal law. In December 2011, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) Commission formally adopted the Wolf Conservation and Management Plan to guide recovery and management of gray wolves as they naturally recolonize the State of Washington. At present, wolves are classified as an endangered species under state law (WAC 232-12-014) throughout Washington regardless of federal status. Washington is composed of three recovery areas which include Eastern Washington, the Northern Cascades, and the Southern Cascades and Northwest Coast. -
Northeastern Coyote/Coywolf Taxonomy and Admixture: a Meta-Analysis
Way and Lynn Northeastern coyote taxonomy Copyright © 2016 by the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. ISSN 1478-2677 Synthesis Northeastern coyote/coywolf taxonomy and admixture: A meta-analysis Jonathan G. Way1* and William S. Lynn2 1 Eastern Coyote Research, 89 Ebenezer Road, Osterville, MA 02655, USA. Email [email protected] 2 Marsh Institute, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA. Email [email protected] * Correspondence author Keywords: Canis latrans, Canis lycaon, Canis lupus, Canis oriens, cladogamy, coyote, coywolf, eastern coyote, eastern wolf, hybridisation, meta-analysis, northeastern coyote, wolf. Abstract A flurry of recent papers have attempted to taxonomically characterise eastern canids, mainly grey wolves Canis lupus, eastern wolves Canis lycaon or Canis lupus lycaon and northeastern coyotes or coywolves Canis latrans, Canis latrans var. or Canis latrans x C. lycaon, in northeastern North America. In this paper, we performed a meta-analysis on northeastern coyote taxonomy by comparing results across studies to synthesise what is known about genetic admixture and taxonomy of this animal. Hybridisation or cladogamy (the crossing between any given clades) be- tween coyotes, wolves and domestic dogs created the northeastern coyote, but the animal now has little genetic in- put from its parental species across the majority of its northeastern North American (e.g. the New England states) range except in areas where they overlap, such as southeastern Canada, Ohio and Pennsylvania, and the mid- Atlantic area. The northeastern coyote has roughly 60% genetic influence from coyote, 30% wolf and 10% domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris. There is still disagreement about the amount of eastern wolf versus grey wolf in its genome, and additional SNP genotyping needs to sample known eastern wolves from Algonquin Pro- vincial Park, Ontario to verify this. -
Vol. 76 Monday, No. 181 September 19, 2011 Pages 57897–58088
Vol. 76 Monday, No. 181 September 19, 2011 Pages 57897–58088 OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER VerDate Mar 15 2010 18:22 Sep 16, 2011 Jkt 223001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\19SEWS.LOC 19SEWS sroberts on DSK5SPTVN1PROD with RULES II Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 181 / Monday, September 19, 2011 The FEDERAL REGISTER (ISSN 0097–6326) is published daily, SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Monday through Friday, except official holidays, by the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records PUBLIC Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register Subscriptions: Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) and the regulations of the Administrative Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Committee of the Federal Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Assistance with public subscriptions 202–512–1806 Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 is the exclusive distributor of the official General online information 202–512–1530; 1–888–293–6498 edition. Periodicals postage is paid at Washington, DC. Single copies/back copies: The FEDERAL REGISTER provides a uniform system for making Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Assistance with public single copies 1–866–512–1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and (Toll-Free) Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general FEDERAL AGENCIES applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published Subscriptions: by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest. Paper or fiche 202–741–6005 Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions 202–741–6005 Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the issuing agency requests earlier filing. -
List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies
List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies Introduction The Committee on Taxonomy, chaired by Patricia Rosel, produced the first official Society for Marine Mammalogy list of marine mammal species and subspecies in 2010. Consensus on some issues has not been possible; this is reflected in the footnotes. The list is updated at least annually. The current version was updated in May 2020. This list can be cited as follows: “Committee on Taxonomy. 2019. List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Society for Marine Mammalogy, www.marinemammalscience.org, consulted on [date].” This list includes living and recently extinct (within historical times) species and subspecies. It is meant to reflect prevailing usage and recent revisions published in the peer-reviewed literature. Classification and scientific names follow Rice (1998), with adjustments reflecting more recent literature. Author(s) and year of description of each taxon follow the Latin (scientific) species name; when these are enclosed in parentheses, the taxon was originally described in a different genus. The Committee annually considers and evaluates new, peer-reviewed literature that proposes taxonomic changes. The Committee’s focus is on alpha taxonomy (describing and naming taxa) and beta taxonomy primarily at lower levels of the hierarchy (subspecies, species and genera), although it may evaluate issues at higher levels if deemed necessary. Proposals for new, taxonomically distinct taxa require a formal, peer-reviewed study and should provide robust evidence that some subspecies or species criterion was met. For review of species concepts, see Reeves et al. (2004), Orr and Coyne (2004), de Queiroz (2007), Perrin (2009) and Taylor et al. -
Marine Mammals - Cetaceans
Manx Marine Environmental Assessment Ecology/ Biodiversity Marine Mammals - Cetaceans Whales, dolphins & porpoise in Manx Waters. Bottlenose dolphins in front of Douglas lighthouse. Photo: Manx Whale and Dolphin Watch. MMEA Chapter 3.4 (a) October 2018 (1.1 Partial update) Lead author: Dr Lara Howe – Manx Wildlife Trust MMEA Chapter 3.4 (a) – Ecology/ Biodiversity Manx Marine Environmental Assessment 1.1 Edition: October 2018 (partial update) © Isle of Man Government, all rights reserved This document was produced as part of the Manx Marine Environmental Assessment, a Government project with external stakeholder input, funded and facilitated by the Department of Infrastructure, Department for Enterprise and Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture. This document is downloadable from the Isle of Man Government website at: https://www.gov.im/about-the-government/departments/infrastructure/harbours- information/territorial-seas/manx-marine-environmental-assessment/ Contact: Manx Marine Environmental Assessment Fisheries Division Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture Thie Slieau Whallian Foxdale Road St John’s Isle of Man IM4 3AS Email: [email protected] Tel: 01624 685857 Suggested Citations Chapter Howe, V.L. 2018. Marine Mammals-Cetaceans. In; Manx Marine Environmental Assessment (1.1 Edition - partial update). Isle of Man Government. pp. 51. Contributors to 1st edition: Tom Felce - Manx Whale & Dolphin Watch Eleanor Stone** - formerly Manx Wildlife Trust Laura Hanley* – formerly Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture Dr Fiona Gell – Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture Disclaimer: The Isle of Man Government has facilitated the compilation of this document, to provide baseline information on the Manx marine environment. Information has been provided by various Government Officers, marine experts, local organisations and industry, often in a voluntary capacity or outside their usual work remit. -
Population Genomic Analysis of North American Eastern Wolves (Canis Lycaon) Supports Their Conservation Priority Status
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Population Genomic Analysis of North American Eastern Wolves (Canis lycaon) Supports Their Conservation Priority Status Elizabeth Heppenheimer 1,† , Ryan J. Harrigan 2,†, Linda Y. Rutledge 1,3 , Klaus-Peter Koepfli 4,5, Alexandra L. DeCandia 1 , Kristin E. Brzeski 1,6, John F. Benson 7, Tyler Wheeldon 8,9, Brent R. Patterson 8,9, Roland Kays 10, Paul A. Hohenlohe 11 and Bridgett M. von Holdt 1,* 1 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; [email protected] (E.H.); [email protected] (L.Y.R.); [email protected] (A.L.D); [email protected] (K.E.B.) 2 Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; [email protected] 3 Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 1Z8, Canada 4 Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA; klauspeter.koepfl[email protected] 5 Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia 6 School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA 7 School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; [email protected] 8 Environmental & Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; [email protected] (T.W.); [email protected] (B.R.P.) 9 Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada 10 North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA; [email protected] 11 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally. -
Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Southeastern Pre-Columbian Canids Kristin E
Journal of Heredity, 2016, 287–293 doi:10.1093/jhered/esw002 Original Article Advance Access publication January 16, 2016 Brief Communication Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Southeastern Pre-Columbian Canids Kristin E. Brzeski, Melissa B. DeBiasse, David R. Rabon Jr, Michael J. Chamberlain, and Sabrina S. Taylor Downloaded from From the School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (Brzeski and Taylor); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (DeBiasse); Endangered Wolf Center, P.O. Box 760, Eureka, MO 63025 (Rabon); and Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 (Chamberlain). Address correspondence to Kristin E. Brzeski at the address above, or e-mail: [email protected]. http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/ Received July 11, 2015; First decision August 17, 2015; Accepted January 4, 2016. Corresponding editor: Bridgett vonHoldt Abstract The taxonomic status of the red wolf (Canis rufus) is heavily debated, but could be clarified by examining historic specimens from the southeastern United States. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 3 ancient (350–1900 year olds) putative wolf samples excavated from middens at Louisiana State University on June 17, 2016 and sinkholes within the historic red wolf range. We detected 3 unique mtDNA haplotypes, which grouped with the coyote mtDNA clade, suggesting that the canids inhabiting southeastern North America prior to human colonization from Europe were either coyotes, which would vastly expand historic coyote distributions, an ancient coyote–wolf hybrid, or a North American evolved red wolf lineage related to coyotes. Should the red wolf prove to be a distinct species, our results support the idea of either an ancient hybrid origin for red wolves or a shared common ancestor between coyotes and red wolves. -
Disneynature DOLPHIN REEF Educator's Guide
Educator’s Guide Grades 2-6 n DOLPHIN REEF, Disneynature dives under the sea Ito frolic with some of the planet’s most engaging animals: dolphins. Echo is a young bottlenose dolphin who can’t quite decide if it’s time to grow up and take on new responsibilities—or give in to his silly side and just have fun. Dolphin society is tricky, and the coral reef that Echo and his family call home depends on all of its inhabitants to keep it healthy. But with humpback whales, orcas, sea turtles and cuttlefish seemingly begging for his attention, Echo has a tough time resisting all that the ocean has to offer. The Disneynature DOLPHIN REEF Educator’s Guide includes multiple standards-aligned lessons and activities targeted to grades 2 through 6. The guide introduces students to a variety of topics, including: • Animal Behavior • Biodiversity • Culture and the Arts and Natural History • Earth’s Systems • Making a Positive Difference • Habitat and Ecosystems for Wildlife Worldwide Educator’s Guide Objectives 3 Increase students’ 3 Enhance students’ viewing 3 Promote life-long 3 Empower you and your knowledge of the of the Disneynature film conservation values students to create positive amazing animals and DOLPHIN REEF and and STEAM-based skills changes for wildlife in habitats of Earth’s oceans inspire an appreciation through outdoor natural your school, community through interactive, for the wildlife and wild exploration and discovery. and world. interdisciplinary and places featured in the film. inquiry-based lessons. Disney.com/nature 2 Content provided by education experts at Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment © 2019 Disney Enterprises, Inc. -
Review of Underwater and In-Air Sounds Emitted by Australian and Antarctic Marine Mammals
Acoust Aust (2017) 45:179–241 DOI 10.1007/s40857-017-0101-z ORIGINAL PAPER Review of Underwater and In-Air Sounds Emitted by Australian and Antarctic Marine Mammals Christine Erbe1 · Rebecca Dunlop2 · K. Curt S. Jenner3 · Micheline-N. M. Jenner3 · Robert D. McCauley1 · Iain Parnum1 · Miles Parsons1 · Tracey Rogers4 · Chandra Salgado-Kent1 Received: 8 May 2017 / Accepted: 1 July 2017 / Published online: 19 September 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract The study of marine soundscapes is a growing field of research. Recording hardware is becoming more accessible; there are a number of off-the-shelf autonomous recorders that can be deployed for months at a time; software analysis tools exist as shareware; raw or preprocessed recordings are freely and publicly available. However, what is missing are catalogues of commonly recorded sounds. Sounds related to geophysical events (e.g. earthquakes) and weather (e.g. wind and precipitation), to human activities (e.g. ships) and to marine animals (e.g. crustaceans, fish and marine mammals) commonly occur. Marine mammals are distributed throughout Australia’s oceans and significantly contribute to the underwater soundscape. However, due to a lack of concurrent visual and passive acoustic observations, it is often not known which species produces which sounds. To aid in the analysis of Australian and Antarctic marine soundscape recordings, a literature review of the sounds made by marine mammals was undertaken. Frequency, duration and source level measurements are summarised and tabulated. In addition to the literature review, new marine mammal data are presented and include recordings from Australia of Omura’s whales (Balaenoptera omurai), dwarf sperm whales (Kogia sima), common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus), long-finned pilot whales (G. -
Hybridization in Bottlenose Dolphins—A Case Study of Tursiops Aduncus × T
RESEARCH ARTICLE Hybridization in bottlenose dolphinsÐA case study of Tursiops aduncus × T. truncatus hybrids and successful backcross hybridization events T. Gridley1*, S. H. Elwen2, G. Harris3, D. M. Moore4, A. R. Hoelzel4, F. Lampen3 1 Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, a1111111111 University of Cape Town, C/o Sea Search Research and Conservation NPC, Muizenberg Cape Town, South Africa, 2 Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, C/o a1111111111 Sea Search Research and Conservation NPC, Muizenberg Cape Town, South Africa, 3 The South African a1111111111 Association for Marine Biological Research, uShaka Sea World, Point, Durban, South Africa, 4 Department of a1111111111 Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom a1111111111 * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Gridley T, Elwen SH, Harris G, Moore DM, The bottlenose dolphin, genus Tursiops is one of the best studied of all the Cetacea with a Hoelzel AR, Lampen F (2018) Hybridization in minimum of two species widely recognised. Common bottlenose dolphins (T. truncatus), bottlenose dolphinsÐA case study of Tursiops are the cetacean species most frequently held in captivity and are known to hybridize with aduncus × T. truncatus hybrids and successful species from at least 6 different genera. In this study, we document several intra-generic backcross hybridization events. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0201722. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. hybridization events between T. truncatus and T. aduncus held in captivity. We demonstrate pone.0201722 that the F1 hybrids are fertile and can backcross producing apparently healthy offspring, Editor: Cheryl S. Rosenfeld, University of Missouri thereby showing introgressive inter-specific hybridization within the genus. -
COSSARO Candidate V, T, E Species Evaluation Form
Ontario Species at Risk Evaluation Report for Algonquin Wolf (Canis sp.), an evolutionarily significant and distinct hybrid with Canis lycaon, C. latrans, and C. lupus ancestry Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO) Assessed by COSSARO as THREATENED January 2016 Final Loup Algonquin (Canis sp.) Le loup Algonquin (Canis sp.) est un canidé de taille intermédiaire qui vit en meute familiale et qui se nourrit de proies comme le castor, le cerf de Virginie et l’orignal. Le loup Algonquin est le fruit d’une longue tradition d’hybridation et de rétrocroisement entre le loup de l’Est (Canis lycaon) (appelé aussi C. lupus lycaon), le loup gris (C. lupus) et le coyote (C. latrans). Bien qu’il fasse partie d’un complexe hybride répandu, le loup Algonquin peut se différencier des autres hybrides, comme le loup boréal des Grands Lacs, parce qu’il forme une grappe discrète, sur le plan génétique, composée d’individus étroitement apparentés à partir de laquelle il est possible de faire des estimations de filiation présumée. De plus, selon les données morphologiques, il est généralement plus grand que les canidés de type C. latrans et plus petit que les canidés de type C. lupus, bien qu’une identification fiable nécessite des données génotypiques. En Ontario, le loup Algonquin est principalement confiné dans le parc provincial Algonquin ainsi que dans les régions avoisinantes, dont certaines sont protégées. Ces régions englobent le parc provincial Killarney au sud de la région caractéristique des Hautes-Terres de Kawartha. Les relevés plus éloignés sont relativement rares et vraisemblablement attribuables à des incidents de dispersion occasionnels sur de grandes distances. -
Perspectives on the Conservation of Wild Hybrids ⇑ Astrid V
Biological Conservation 167 (2013) 390–395 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Perspective Perspectives on the conservation of wild hybrids ⇑ Astrid V. Stronen a, , Paul C. Paquet b,c a Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Waszkiewicza 1, 17-230 Białowieza,_ Poland b Raincoast Conservation Foundation, PO Box 86, Denny Island, British Columbia V0T 1B0, Canada c Department of Geography, University of Victoria, PO Box 3060, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3R4, Canada article info abstract Article history: Hybridization processes are widespread throughout the taxonomic range and require conservation rec- Received 13 April 2013 ognition. Science can help us understand hybridization processes but not whether and when we ought Received in revised form 31 August 2013 to conserve hybrids. Important questions include the role of humans in hybridization and the value Accepted 1 September 2013 we place on natural and human-induced hybrids concerning their ecological function. Certain hybrids resulting from human actions have replaced the ecological role of extirpated or extinct parent taxa and this ecological role should be preserved. Conservation policies must increasingly recognize popula- Keywords: tions of wild organisms that hybridize naturally within the context of their historical ecological role. Nat- Canis ural selection acts on individual organisms and the range of characteristics displayed by individual Ecological niche Evolution hybrids constitute raw material for evolution. Guidelines must consider the conservation value of indi- Human values viduals and the ethical aspects of removing hybrids for the purpose of conserving population genetic Hybridization integrity. Conservation policies should focus on protecting the ecological role of taxa affected by hybrid- Policy ization.