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SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Soderberg Et Al., Nature Manuscript 2008-02-01442
doi: 10.1038/nature06997 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMA1TION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Soderberg et al., Nature Manuscript 2008-02-01442 1 Spectral analysis of Swift/XRT data We use the xspec v11.3.2 X-ray spectral fitting package to fit both a power law and a blackbody model to the XRT outburst data. In both models we allow for excess neutral hydrogen absorption (NH ) above the Galactic value along the line of sight to NGC 2770, 20 −2 2 NH,Gal = 1.7 × 10 cm . The best-fit power law model (χ = 7.5 for 17 degrees of −1.3±0.3 freedom; probability, P = 0.98) has a photon index, Γ = 2.3 ± 0.3 (or, Fν ∝ ν ) and +1.8 × 21 −2 ± NH = 6.9−1.5 10 cm . The best-fit blackbody model is described by kT = 0.71 0.08 +1.0 × 21 −2 keV and NH = 1.3−0.9 10 cm . However, this model provides a much poorer fit to the data (χ2 = 26.0 for 17 degrees of freedom; probability, P = 0.074). We therefore adopt the power law model as the best description of the data. The resulting count rate to flux conversion is 1 counts s−1 = 5 × 10−11 erg cm−2 s−1. The outburst undergoes a significant hard-to-soft spectral evolution as indicated by the ratio of counts in the 0.3 − 2 keV band and 2−10 keV band. The hardness ratio decreases from 1.35±0.15 during the peak of the flare to 0.25 ± 0.10 about 400 s later. -
Spiral Galaxy HI Models, Rotation Curves and Kinematic Classifications
Spiral galaxy HI models, rotation curves and kinematic classifications Theresa B. V. Wiegert A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Canada 2010 Copyright (c) 2010 by Theresa B. V. Wiegert Abstract Although galaxy interactions cause dramatic changes, galaxies also continue to form stars and evolve when they are isolated. The dark matter (DM) halo may influence this evolu- tion since it generates the rotational behaviour of galactic disks which could affect local conditions in the gas. Therefore we study neutral hydrogen kinematics of non-interacting, nearby spiral galaxies, characterising their rotation curves (RC) which probe the DM halo; delineating kinematic classes of galaxies; and investigating relations between these classes and galaxy properties such as disk size and star formation rate (SFR). To generate the RCs, we use GalAPAGOS (by J. Fiege). My role was to test and help drive the development of this software, which employs a powerful genetic algorithm, con- straining 23 parameters while using the full 3D data cube as input. The RC is here simply described by a tanh-based function which adequately traces the global RC behaviour. Ex- tensive testing on artificial galaxies show that the kinematic properties of galaxies with inclination > 40 ◦, including edge-on galaxies, are found reliably. Using a hierarchical clustering algorithm on parametrised RCs from 79 galaxies culled from literature generates a preliminary scheme consisting of five classes. These are based on three parameters: maximum rotational velocity, turnover radius and outer slope of the RC. -
Bibliographie
Christine L. Borgman Qu’est-ce que le travail scientifique des données ? Big data, little data, no data OpenEdition Press Bibliographie DOI : 10.4000/books.oep.14792 Éditeur : OpenEdition Press Lieu d’édition : OpenEdition Press Année d’édition : 2020 Date de mise en ligne : 18 décembre 2020 Collection : Encyclopédie numérique EAN électronique : 9791036565410 http://books.openedition.org Référence électronique BORGMAN, Christine L. Bibliographie In : Qu’est-ce que le travail scientifique des données ? Big data, little data, no data [en ligne]. Marseille : OpenEdition Press, 2020 (généré le 25 juin 2021). Disponible sur Internet : <http://books.openedition.org/oep/14792>. ISBN : 9791036565410. DOI : https://doi.org/ 10.4000/books.oep.14792. Bibliographie Aad, G., T. Abajyan, B. Abbott, J. Abdallah, S. Abdel Khalek, A. A. Abdelalim, O. Abdinov et al. 2012. “Observation of a New Particle in the Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC”. Physics Letters [Part B], 716 (1), p. 1-29. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037026931200857X?via=ihub. Abbate, Janet. 1999. Inventing the Internet. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. Accomazzi, Alberto. 2010. “Astronomy 3.0 Style”. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, 433, p. 273-281. Accomazzi, Alberto et Rahul Dave. 2011. “Semantic Interlinking of Resources in the Virtual Observatory Era”. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, 442, p. 415-424. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1103.5958.pdf. Acropolis Museum. 2013. “The Frieze”. http://www.theacropolismuseum.gr/en/ content/frieze-0. Agosti, Maristella et Nicola Ferro. 2007. “A Formal Model of Annotations of Digital Content”. ACM Tran- sactions on Information Systems, 26 (1). -
Issue 36, June 2008
June2008 June2008 In This Issue: 7 Supernova Birth Seen in Real Time Alicia Soderberg & Edo Berger 23 Arp299 With LGS AO Damien Gratadour & Jean-René Roy 46 Aspen Instrument Update Joseph Jensen On the Cover: NGC 2770, home to Supernova 2008D (see story starting on page 7 Engaging Our Host of this issue, and image 52 above showing location Communities of supernova). Image Stephen J. O’Meara, Janice Harvey, was obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object & Maria Antonieta García Spectrograph (GMOS) on Gemini North. 2 Gemini Observatory www.gemini.edu GeminiFocus Director’s Message 4 Doug Simons 11 Intermediate-Mass Black Hole in Gemini South at moonset, April 2008 Omega Centauri Eva Noyola Collisions of 15 Planetary Embryos Earthquake Readiness Joseph Rhee 49 Workshop Michael Sheehan 19 Taking the Measure of a Black Hole 58 Polly Roth Andrea Prestwich Staff Profile Peter Michaud 28 To Coldly Go Where No Brown Dwarf 62 Rodrigo Carrasco Has Gone Before Staff Profile Étienne Artigau & Philippe Delorme David Tytell Recent 31 66 Photo Journal Science Highlights North & South Jean-René Roy & R. Scott Fisher Photographs by Gemini Staff: • Étienne Artigau NICI Update • Kirk Pu‘uohau-Pummill 37 Tom Hayward GNIRS Update 39 Joseph Jensen & Scot Kleinman FLAMINGOS-2 Update Managing Editor, Peter Michaud 42 Stephen Eikenberry Science Editor, R. Scott Fisher MCAO System Status Associate Editor, Carolyn Collins Petersen 44 Maxime Boccas & François Rigaut Designer, Kirk Pu‘uohau-Pummill 3 Gemini Observatory www.gemini.edu June2008 by Doug Simons Director, Gemini Observatory Director’s Message Figure 1. any organizations (Gemini Observatory 100 The year-end task included) have extremely dedicated and hard- completion statistics 90 working staff members striving to achieve a across the entire M 80 0-49% Done observatory are worthwhile goal. -
Sandra Faber Receives $500,000 Gruber Cosmology Prize
Media Contact: A. Sarah Hreha +1 (203) 432-6231 [email protected] Online Newsroom: www.gruber.yale.edu/news-media SANDRA FABER RECEIVES $500,000 GRUBER COSMOLOGY PRIZE FOR CAREER ACHIEVEMENTS Sandra Faber May 17, 2017, New Haven, CT – The 2017 Gruber Foundation Cosmology Prize recognizes Sandra M. Faber for a body of work that has helped establish many of the foundational principles underlying the modern understanding of the universe on the largest scales. The citation praises Faber for “her groundbreaking studies of the structure, dynamics, and evolution of galaxies.” That work has led to the widespread acceptance of the need to study dark matter, to an appreciation of the inextricable relationship between the presence of dark matter and the formation of galaxies, and to the recognition that black holes reside at the heart of most large galaxies. She has also made significant contributions to the innovations in telescope technology that have revolutionized modern astronomy. Through these myriad achievements, the Gruber citation adds, Faber has “aided and inspired the work of astronomers and cosmologists worldwide.” Faber will receive the $500,000 award as well as a gold medal at a ceremony this fall. Less than a hundred years ago, astronomers were still debating whether our Milky Way Galaxy was the entirety of the universe or if other galaxies existed beyond our own. Today astronomers estimate the number of galaxies within the visible universe at somewhere between 200 billion and 2 trillion. For more than four decades Faber—now Professor Emerita at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and Astronomer Emerita of the University of California Observatories—has served as a pivotal figure in leading and guiding the exploration of this unimaginably vast virgin scientific territory. -
Core-Collapse Supernovae Overview with Swift Collaboration
Publications Spring 2015 Core-Collapse Supernovae Overview with Swift Collaboration Kiranjyot Gill Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, [email protected] Michele Zanolin Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, [email protected] Marek Szczepańczyk Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/publication Part of the Astrophysics and Astronomy Commons, and the Physics Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Gill, K., Zanolin, M., & Szczepańczyk, M. (2015). Core-Collapse Supernovae Overview with Swift Collaboration. , (). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/publication/3 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Core-Collapse Supernovae Overview with Swift Collaboration∗ Kiranjyot Gill,y Dr. Michele Zanolin,z and Marek Szczepanczykx Physics Department, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University (Dated: June 30, 2015) The Core-Collapse supernovae (CCSNe) mark the dynamic and explosive end of the lives of massive stars. The mysterious mechanism, primarily focused with the shock revival phase, behind CCSNe explosions could be explained by detecting the corresponding gravitational wave (GW) emissions by the laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory, LIGO. GWs are extremely hard to detect because they are weak signals in a floor of instrument noise. Optical observations of CCSNe are already used in coincidence with LIGO data, as a hint of the times where to search for the emission of GWs. More of these hints would be very helpful. For the first time in history a Harvard group has observed X-ray transients in coincidence with optical CCSNe. -
Women of Astronomy
WOMEN OF ASTRONOMY AND A TIMELINE OF EVENTS… Time line of Astronomy • 2350 B.C. – EnHeduanna (ornament of heaven) – • Chief Astronomer Priestess of the Moon Goddess of the City in Babylonia. • Movement of the Stars were used to create Calendars • 2000 B.C. - According to legend, two Chinese astronomers are executed for not predicting an eclipse. • 129 B.C. - Hipparchos completes the first catalog of the stars, and invented stellar magnitude (still in use today!) • 150 A.D. - Claudius Ptolemy publishes his theory of the Earth- centered universe. • 350 A.D – Hypatia of Alexandria – First woman Astronomer • Hypatia of Alexandria Born approximately in 350 A.D. • Accomplished mathematician, inventor, & philosopher of Plato and Aristotle • Designed astronomical instruments, such as the astrolabe and the planesphere. The first star chart to have the name An early astrolabe was invented in "planisphere" was made in 1624 by 150 BC and is often attributed to Jacob Bartsch. Son of Johannes Hipparchus Kepler, who solved planetary motion. Time line of Astronomy • 970 - al-Sufi, a Persian Astronomer prepares catalog of over 1,000 stars. • 1420 Ulugh-Beg, prince of Turkestan, builds a great observatory and prepares tables of planet and stars • 1543 While on his deathbed, Copernicus publishes his theory that planets orbit around the sun. • 1609 Galileo discovers craters on Earth’s moon, the moons of Jupiter, the turning of the sun, and the presence of innumerable stars in the Milky Way with a telescope that he built. • 1666 Isaac Newton begins his work on the theory of universal gravitation. • 1671 Newton demonstrates his invention, the reflecting telescope. -
OCA CLUB MEETING STAR PARTIES COMING up the Free and Open Club the Black Star Canyon Site Will Be Open on the Next Session of the Meeting Will Be Held September 20Th
September 2008 Free to members, subscriptions $12 for 12 issues Volume 35, Number 9 REMINDER: SEPTEMBER MEETING MOVED TO SEPTEMBER 5TH! Don Lynn captured this image of NGC 6193 (cluster) and NGC 6188 (nebula) via an Internet-linked telescope in Australia on June 5, 2008. For those of us presently unable to afford a lengthy stay Down Under, Internet observing is a handy way to clear out one’s Southern Hemisphere list! OCA CLUB MEETING STAR PARTIES COMING UP The free and open club The Black Star Canyon site will be open on The next session of the meeting will be held September 20th. The Anza site will be open Beginners Class will be held on Friday, September 5th at on September 27th. Members are Friday, September 5th at the 7:30 PM in the Irvine encouraged to check the website calendar, Centennial Heritage Museum at Lecture Hall of the for the latest updates on star parties and 3101 West Harvard Street in Hashinger Science Center other events. Santa Ana. at Chapman University in GOTO SIG: TBA (contact Orange. The main Please check the website calendar for the coordinator for details) speaker is yet to be outreach events this month! Volunteers Astro-Imagers SIG: Sep. 16th, announced as of press are always welcome! Oct. 21st time, so be 65sure to You are also reminded to check the web EOA SIG: Sep. 24th, Oct. 22nd check the website for site frequently for updates to the calendar Astrophysics SIG:Sep. 19th, updates. of events and other club news. Oct. 17th Dark Sky Group: TBA (contact NEXT MEETING: October coordinator for details) 10th President’s Message By Barbara Toy My apologies – I’m afraid I fell down a bit on the job last month, as I didn’t realize until after the August issue of the Sirius Astronomer went to press that I had forgotten to give notice of the fact that our September general meeting had been moved to the first Friday of the month instead of our usual second Friday, because Chapman University needs to use the Chapman Auditorium for another function on our usual night. -
Observations of an X-Ray Transient in NGC 2770 1 Introduction 2 BAT
GCN Report 110.1 15-Jan-08 1 Observations of an X-ray transient in NGC 2770 K.L. Page (U. Leicester), S. Immler (NASA/UMCP/GSFC), A.P. Beardmore (U. Leicester), D.N. Burrows (PSU), N. Gehrels (GSFC) on behalf of the Swift Team and A. Soderberg (Princeton), E. Berger (Princeton) on behalf of a larger collaboration 1 Introduction During Swift observations of SN 2007uy beginning at 13:32:48.9 UT on 2008-01-09 (Obs ID 00031081002), a transient X-ray source was serendipitously identified and reported on Jan 10.58 (Berger & Soderberg, GCN Circ. 7159 and ATel 1353; Kong & Maccarone, ATel 1355). The source was observed to rise to a maximum flux about 65 seconds after the observation began, and then subsequently decay; the observed duration of the event is roughly 600 seconds. The X-ray emission was already in progress when this observation began, so the start time of the event is uncertain. The object was within the BAT field of view for approximately 30 minutes prior to the observation in which it was first detected (Burrows et al., GCN Circ 7179), but never triggered the instrument. Target of opportunity Swift follow-up observations were promptly scheduled to reveal the nature of the transient. The first announcement of an optical counterpart was reported by Deng & Zhu (GCN Circ. 7160) on Jan 10.76 UT, and confirmed by NOT observations on Jan 11.0 UT (Thoene et al., GCN Circ. 7161). A comparison of Asiago Observatory data taken Jan 7.0 and Jan 10.0 indicated that the optical counterpart brightened rapidly (Valenti et al., GCN Circ. -
Making a Sky Atlas
Appendix A Making a Sky Atlas Although a number of very advanced sky atlases are now available in print, none is likely to be ideal for any given task. Published atlases will probably have too few or too many guide stars, too few or too many deep-sky objects plotted in them, wrong- size charts, etc. I found that with MegaStar I could design and make, specifically for my survey, a “just right” personalized atlas. My atlas consists of 108 charts, each about twenty square degrees in size, with guide stars down to magnitude 8.9. I used only the northernmost 78 charts, since I observed the sky only down to –35°. On the charts I plotted only the objects I wanted to observe. In addition I made enlargements of small, overcrowded areas (“quad charts”) as well as separate large-scale charts for the Virgo Galaxy Cluster, the latter with guide stars down to magnitude 11.4. I put the charts in plastic sheet protectors in a three-ring binder, taking them out and plac- ing them on my telescope mount’s clipboard as needed. To find an object I would use the 35 mm finder (except in the Virgo Cluster, where I used the 60 mm as the finder) to point the ensemble of telescopes at the indicated spot among the guide stars. If the object was not seen in the 35 mm, as it usually was not, I would then look in the larger telescopes. If the object was not immediately visible even in the primary telescope – a not uncommon occur- rence due to inexact initial pointing – I would then scan around for it. -
Opening of the Battcock Centre for Experimental Astrophysics
CavMag FEBRUARY 2014 Issue 11 News from the Cavendish Laboratory Inside Guest Editor: Val Gibson 3 High Energy Physics – Not the Higgs Boson 4 Ernest Walton honoured by new Sculpture 5 DNA coatings and new forms of colloidal self-assembly 6 Athene Donald and Churchill 7 Understanding Cancer 8 Inventor’s Teaching Room 9 Early Computing in Radio Astronomy 10 Nora Sidgwick at the Cavendish Laboratory 12 Spin at the Heart of Solar Cells 14 Expansion of the Outreach Team 15 Widening participation project: Cambridge Colleges Physics Experience 16 Materials Discovery 18 Astronomy in the Freezer – CAMELs in Greenland 20 Cavendish News 22 Ray Dolby 1933 – 2013 23 Welcome to Chris Carilli 24 How you can contribute 24 Opening of the Battcock Centre for Experimental Astrophysics n 14 October 2013, the The Chancellor of the University, Lord Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology Battcock Centre for Sainsbury of Turville, was joined at the have historically been among the very Experimental Astrophysics opening by the Vice-Chancellor, Professor strongest scientific disciplines in Cambridge. was formally opened by Sir Leszek Borysiewicz and the chief The construction of the Battcock O benefactor who made the building possible, Centre for Experimental Astrophysics the Chancellor of the University, Mr. Humphrey Battcock. Humphrey is a brings together on the same site the Lord Sainsbury. This auspicious Cavendish Laboratory and Downing College experimental astrophysicists from the occasion marked the completion alumnus who has been an enthusiastic Cavendish Laboratory with astronomers of the consolidation of astronomy, supporter of the University’s initiatives since from the Institute of Astronomy and Kavli astrophysics and cosmology on the beginning of the present Cavendish Institute for Cosmology, completing the the Institute of Astronomy site in redevelopment programme. -
Meeting Abstracts
228th AAS San Diego, CA – June, 2016 Meeting Abstracts Session Table of Contents 100 – Welcome Address by AAS President Photoionized Plasmas, Tim Kallman (NASA 301 – The Polarization of the Cosmic Meg Urry GSFC) Microwave Background: Current Status and 101 – Kavli Foundation Lecture: Observation 201 – Extrasolar Planets: Atmospheres Future Prospects of Gravitational Waves, Gabriela Gonzalez 202 – Evolution of Galaxies 302 – Bridging Laboratory & Astrophysics: (LIGO) 203 – Bridging Laboratory & Astrophysics: Atomic Physics in X-rays 102 – The NASA K2 Mission Molecules in the mm II 303 – The Limits of Scientific Cosmology: 103 – Galaxies Big and Small 204 – The Limits of Scientific Cosmology: Town Hall 104 – Bridging Laboratory & Astrophysics: Setting the Stage 304 – Star Formation in a Range of Dust & Ices in the mm and X-rays 205 – Small Telescope Research Environments 105 – College Astronomy Education: Communities of Practice: Research Areas 305 – Plenary Talk: From the First Stars and Research, Resources, and Getting Involved Suitable for Small Telescopes Galaxies to the Epoch of Reionization: 20 106 – Small Telescope Research 206 – Plenary Talk: APOGEE: The New View Years of Computational Progress, Michael Communities of Practice: Pro-Am of the Milky Way -- Large Scale Galactic Norman (UC San Diego) Communities of Practice Structure, Jo Bovy (University of Toronto) 308 – Star Formation, Associations, and 107 – Plenary Talk: From Space Archeology 208 – Classification and Properties of Young Stellar Objects in the Milky Way to Serving