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Invert5 2 133 153 Mironov.P65 Invertebrate Zoology, 2008, 5(2): 133153 © INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, 2008 Stalked crinoids of the family Bathycrinidae (Echinodermata) from the eastern Pacific A.N. Mironov P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskyi Prospekt 36, Moscow 117997, Russia. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Three crinoid species of the family Bathycrinidae have been found in the Eastern Pacific; depths from 4130 to 6240 m. The species Bathycrinus complanathus was known previously only from northwestern Pacific. A new genus and two new species, Discolocrinus thieli gen. et sp.n. and Bathycrinus mendeleevi sp.n., are described. Six types of pinnule structure are distinguished within the living ten-armed crinoids of the order Bourgueticrinida. One of these types is represented in the Discolocrinus only. KEY WORDS: Discolocrinus, Bathycrinidae, Bourgueticrinida, Crinoidea, East Pacific, deep-sea fauna, comparative morphological analysis. Ñòåáåëü÷àòûå ìîðñêèå ëèëèè ñåìåéñòâà Bathycrinidae (Echinodermata) èç âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè Òèõîãî îêåàíà À.Í. Ìèðîíîâ Èíñòèòóò îêåàíîëîãèè èì. Ï.Ï. Øèðøîâà ÐÀÍ, Íàõèìîâñêèé ïðîñïåêò 36, Ìîñêâà, 117997, Ðîññèÿ. e-mail: [email protected] ÐÅÇÞÌÅ: Òðè âèäà ìîðñêèõ ëèëèé ñåìåéñòâà Bathycrinidae îáíàðóæåíû â âîñòî÷- íîé ÷àñòè Òèõîãî îêåàíà; ãëóáèíû îò 4130 äî 6240 ì. Bathycrinus complanathus ðàíåå áûë èçâåñòåí ëèøü â ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîé ÷àñòè Òèõîãî îêåàíà. Îïèñàíû Discolocrinus thieli gen. et sp.n. è Bathycrinus mendeleevi sp.n. Ïèííóëû ñîâðåìåííûõ äåñÿòèðóêèõ ìîðñêèõ ëèëèé îòðÿäà Bourgueticrinida ïî ïðèçíàêàì ñâîåãî ñòðîåíèÿ îòíåñåíû ê øåñòè òèïàì. Îäèí èç ýòèõ òèïîâ ïðåäñòàâëåí òîëüêî ó Discolocrinus. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Discolocrinus, Bathycrinidae, Bourgueticrinida, Crinoidea, Âîñ- òî÷íàÿ Ïàöèôèêà, ãëóáîêîâîäíàÿ ìîðñêàÿ ôàóíà, ñðàâíèòåëüíî-ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèé àíàëèç. Printed in 2009 134 A.N. Mironov Introduction German DISCOL program (Disturbance and Recolonization Experiment in a Manganese The stalked crinoids of the deep-sea family Nodule Area of the Deep South Pacific Ocean) Bathycrinidae are found at depths between 520 (Borowsky, Thiel, 1998). and 9345 m in all oceans. Knowledge of eastern Validity of Bathycrinus complanathus is Pacific bathycrinid diversity remains very scarce. confirmed with a glance to morphological vari- The taxonomy of these has been dealt with only ability of the northern representatives of this single paper. A.H. Clark (1908) established species (RV Vityaz, St. 7502) and closely relat- Bathycrinus equatorialis on the base of stalk ed Arctic species B. carpenteri. Together with fragments and basal ring taken by Albatross traditional diagnostic characters some features west of the Galapagos Islands (St. 4742, 0°3.4¢N, of the pinnules are used in order to establish new 117°15.8¢W, 4220 m). In addition Monachocri- genus and new species. The strucrure of bathy- nus sp. was listed in the catalog of Echinoder- crinid pinnules was not be tested in detail for mata deposited in the Scripps Institution of taxonomic significance. For this reason it was Oceanography; the specimens were found west necessary to re-examine the following eleven of Patton Escarpment, 36003676 m (Luke, species of the order Bourgueticrinida. 1982; Maluf, 1988). The deep-sea photographs Bathycrinus australis A.H. Clark Chal- of the Peru-Chile Trench floor (60106260 m), lenger, St. 146, 46°36¢S, 45°31¢E, 2515 m, East Pacific Rise (about 21°N and 109°W, 2600 type specimen, Bergen Museum, Cat. No. 2700 m) and the abyssal manganese nodule field 722 (labeled as Bathycrinus aldrichianus) (between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture (description of this specimen in Carpenter, 1884 zones) show the ten-armed stalked crinoids re- as B. aldrichianus). sembling Bathycrinus (Menzies, 1963; Men- B. australocrucis McKnight Expedition zies et al., 1973; Roux, 1980, 1987). 525 of National Institute of Water & Atmo- The present study reports on three bathy- spheric Research (NIWA), St. D0244, 03.10 crinid species found for the first time in the 1964, 39.5167°S, 171.0000°E, 838 m, paratype Eastern Pacific. The species Bathycrinus com- (stalk with BB and radix), Cat. No. P180 planathus had been taken previously only by (McKnight, 1973). Albatross in the northwestern Pacific (A.H. B. carpenteri Danielssen et Koren Nor- Clark, 1907a). A new genus and two new spe- wegian North-Atlantic Expedition, St. 53, 10.08 cies, Discolocrinus thieli gen. et sp.n., and Bathy- 1876, 65°13¢N, 00°33¢E, 2814 m, 4 spms, Ber- crinus mendeleevi sp.n., are described. Com- gen Museum, Cat. No. 16023 (Danielssen, 1892). parative morphological analysis indicates six M. Sars, 1900, St. 9, 26.07.1900, 63°53¢N, types of pinnule structure in the extant ten- 6°22¢W, 1960 m, fragments of 8 spms, Bergen armed Bourgueticrinida. One of these types is Museum, Cat. No. 7701 (Grieg, 1904). M. represented in the Discolocrinus thieli only. Sars, 1902, St. 102, 29.08.1902, 63°13¢N, 6° The subfamily Caledonicrininae Mironov, 2000 32¢W, depth 1700 m, 3 spms, Bergen Museum is raised to the family level. no. 7700 (Grieg, 1904). Sadko, St. 101, 24.07.1938, 81°50¢N, 136°14¢E, 37003800 m, Matherial and Terminology fragments of stalks, Zoological Institute, Saint- Petersburg, Cat. No. 16/11756 (Djakonov, The material analysed in this study was 1946). Ob, St. 6, 18.08.1956, 78°05¢7 N, 02° collected during three expeditions: Cruise 4 of 25¢W, 2870 m, 21 spms, Zoological Institute, RV Akademic Kurchatov (St. 294), Cruise 20 of Saint-Petersburg, Cat. No.27/17656 (Koltun, RV Dmitry Mendeleyev (St. 1656), and DIS- 1964). Polarstern, Expedition ARK XI/1, COL 3 Expedition of RV Sonne (St. 77/085). St. 60b, 29.08.1995, 80°16¢0 N, 150°19¢5 E, The last sample has been obtained from a man- 1580 m, 11 spms, Zoological Institute, Saint- ganese nodule area which became a target of the Petersburg (Smirnov, Smirnov, 2006). Akademik Stalked crinoids from eastern Pacific 135 Fedorov, cruise 26, 29.07.2007, submersible and symbols are used: BB basals, RR Mir-2, Dive 2/413, 82°29,70¢N, 64°28,05¢E, radials, Br brachial, IBrs12 primibrachs, 1321 m, 1 spm, Institute of Oceanology, Mos- IIBrs secundibrachs, Br1, Br2, Br3, cow. first, second, third, secundibrachs, P pin- B. gracilis Wyville Thomson Akademik nule, Ps pinnules, Pn pinnular, Pns Mstislav Keldysh, cruise 47, St. 4304, 02.02. pinnulars. A plus sign (+) indicates a non-mus- 2002, 48°11¢04 N 48°11¢77 N, 16°05¢52 W cular (ligamentary) articulation between two 16°03¢64, 41204553 m, 2 spms, Institute of brachials. The figures in the brachial formu1ae Oceanology, Moscow. show the numbers of consecutive Brs with mus- B. pacificus A.H. Clark Albatross, St. cular articulations located between two non- 4974, 33°18¢10²N, 135°40¢50²E, 1655 m, ho- muscular articulations. For example, a part of lotype, U.S. National Museum, Washington, the arm with brachial formula 6+5 consists of 11 Cat. No. 22602 (A.H. Clark, 1907b). Brs, and a non-muscular articulation divides Caledonicrinus vaubani Avocat et Roux these ossicles into two groups of 6 and 5 Brs Alis, Expedition SMIB 4, St. DW 65, 10.03.1989, with 5 and 4 consecutive muscular articulations. 22°55,7¢S, 167°14,0¢E, 400420 m, 1 spm., The proximal brachial formulae 1+2,3+4,5,6,7 Institute of Oceanology, Moscow (Bourseau et or 1+2,3+4,5,6,7,8 are represented here as 1+2+4 al., 1991). and 1+2+5. Cingocrinus radicatus Mironov Aka- demik Mstislav Keldysh, Cruise 22, St. 2303, Description of species 2829.07.1990, 54°57¢62 N, 165°48¢45 E, 4570 m, holotype, Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Order Bourgueticrinida Sieverts- Cat. No. XV632 (Mironov, 2000). Doreck Monachocrinus aotearoa McKnight Ex- Family Bathycrinidae Bather pedition 1136 of National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), St. J0048, Composition of the family: Bathycrinus Thom- 20.04.1970, 36.5000°S, 170.4333°E, 2150 m, son, 1872 (type genus), Monachocrinus A. H. Clark, holotype, Cat. No. H116 (McKnight, 1973). 1917, Cingocrinus Mironov, 2000, Discolocrinus M. recuperatus Perrier Akademik Ms- gen.n. Remarks. The genus Cingocrinus is not firmly tislav Keldysh, cruise 47, St. 4304, 02.02 2002, established because it was known only from single 48°11¢04 N 48°11¢77 N, 16°05¢52 W 16° specimen with regenerated RR-ring and all of arms 03¢64 W, 41204553 m, 2 spms, Institute of (Mironov, 2000). Cingocrinus differs from closely Oceanology, Moscow. related Bathycrinus in having moveable (muscular) M. sexradiatus A.H. Clark Ingolf, St 18, joint between Pns beyond the first pair of Pns, more proximal position of P1 and short columnals in 17.06 1895, 61°44¢N, 30°29¢W, 2075 m, syn- mesistele. A new species of Cingocrinus represented type, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Cat. No. in the collection of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Cri-65 (A.H. Clark, 1917; A.M. Clark, 1923). Oceanology, was taken in the Antarctic. Some ten- Septocrinus disjunctus Mironov Dmitry armed bourgieticrinids are attributed here to other Mendeleyev, cruise 43, St. 4107, 12.04.1989, families: Caledonicrinus Avocat et Roux (in Amé- ziane-Cominardi et al., 1990) to Caledonicrin- 41°45,65¢41°44,36¢S, 41°35,64¢41°34,36¢W, idae Mironov, 2000; Septocrinus Mironov, 2000 51805190 m, holotype, Institute of Oceanolo- and Zeuctocrinus A.M. Clark, 1973 to Septocri- gy, Moscow, Cat. No. XV634 (Mironov, nidae Mironov, 2000. Naumachocrinus A.H. Clark, 2000). 1912 and the Jurassic Dolichocrinus de Loriol are of The measurements of calyx, primibrachs doubtful affinity (see discussion below). and columnals are as in Mironov, 2000, fig. 1. Genus Bathycrinus Thomson, 1872 Terminology of morphological characteristics follows that of Breimer (1978) and Roux et al. Composition. B. aldrichianus W. Thomson, B. (2002). The following traditional abbreviations australis A.H.
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