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Invertebrate Zoology, 2008, 5(2): 133153 © INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, 2008 Stalked crinoids of the family Bathycrinidae (Echinodermata) from the eastern Pacific A.N. Mironov P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskyi Prospekt 36, Moscow 117997, Russia. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Three crinoid species of the family Bathycrinidae have been found in the Eastern Pacific; depths from 4130 to 6240 m. The species Bathycrinus complanathus was known previously only from northwestern Pacific. A new genus and two new species, Discolocrinus thieli gen. et sp.n. and Bathycrinus mendeleevi sp.n., are described. Six types of pinnule structure are distinguished within the living ten-armed crinoids of the order Bourgueticrinida. One of these types is represented in the Discolocrinus only. KEY WORDS: Discolocrinus, Bathycrinidae, Bourgueticrinida, Crinoidea, East Pacific, deep-sea fauna, comparative morphological analysis. Ñòåáåëü÷àòûå ìîðñêèå ëèëèè ñåìåéñòâà Bathycrinidae (Echinodermata) èç âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè Òèõîãî îêåàíà À.Í. Ìèðîíîâ Èíñòèòóò îêåàíîëîãèè èì. Ï.Ï. Øèðøîâà ÐÀÍ, Íàõèìîâñêèé ïðîñïåêò 36, Ìîñêâà, 117997, Ðîññèÿ. e-mail: [email protected] ÐÅÇÞÌÅ: Òðè âèäà ìîðñêèõ ëèëèé ñåìåéñòâà Bathycrinidae îáíàðóæåíû â âîñòî÷- íîé ÷àñòè Òèõîãî îêåàíà; ãëóáèíû îò 4130 äî 6240 ì. Bathycrinus complanathus ðàíåå áûë èçâåñòåí ëèøü â ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîé ÷àñòè Òèõîãî îêåàíà. Îïèñàíû Discolocrinus thieli gen. et sp.n. è Bathycrinus mendeleevi sp.n. Ïèííóëû ñîâðåìåííûõ äåñÿòèðóêèõ ìîðñêèõ ëèëèé îòðÿäà Bourgueticrinida ïî ïðèçíàêàì ñâîåãî ñòðîåíèÿ îòíåñåíû ê øåñòè òèïàì. Îäèí èç ýòèõ òèïîâ ïðåäñòàâëåí òîëüêî ó Discolocrinus. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Discolocrinus, Bathycrinidae, Bourgueticrinida, Crinoidea, Âîñ- òî÷íàÿ Ïàöèôèêà, ãëóáîêîâîäíàÿ ìîðñêàÿ ôàóíà, ñðàâíèòåëüíî-ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèé àíàëèç. Printed in 2009 134 A.N. Mironov Introduction German DISCOL program (Disturbance and Recolonization Experiment in a Manganese The stalked crinoids of the deep-sea family Nodule Area of the Deep South Pacific Ocean) Bathycrinidae are found at depths between 520 (Borowsky, Thiel, 1998). and 9345 m in all oceans. Knowledge of eastern Validity of Bathycrinus complanathus is Pacific bathycrinid diversity remains very scarce. confirmed with a glance to morphological vari- The taxonomy of these has been dealt with only ability of the northern representatives of this single paper. A.H. Clark (1908) established species (RV Vityaz, St. 7502) and closely relat- Bathycrinus equatorialis on the base of stalk ed Arctic species B. carpenteri. Together with fragments and basal ring taken by Albatross traditional diagnostic characters some features west of the Galapagos Islands (St. 4742, 0°3.4¢N, of the pinnules are used in order to establish new 117°15.8¢W, 4220 m). In addition Monachocri- genus and new species. The strucrure of bathy- nus sp. was listed in the catalog of Echinoder- crinid pinnules was not be tested in detail for mata deposited in the Scripps Institution of taxonomic significance. For this reason it was Oceanography; the specimens were found west necessary to re-examine the following eleven of Patton Escarpment, 36003676 m (Luke, species of the order Bourgueticrinida. 1982; Maluf, 1988). The deep-sea photographs Bathycrinus australis A.H. Clark Chal- of the Peru-Chile Trench floor (60106260 m), lenger, St. 146, 46°36¢S, 45°31¢E, 2515 m, East Pacific Rise (about 21°N and 109°W, 2600 type specimen, Bergen Museum, Cat. No. 2700 m) and the abyssal manganese nodule field 722 (labeled as Bathycrinus aldrichianus) (between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture (description of this specimen in Carpenter, 1884 zones) show the ten-armed stalked crinoids re- as B. aldrichianus). sembling Bathycrinus (Menzies, 1963; Men- B. australocrucis McKnight Expedition zies et al., 1973; Roux, 1980, 1987). 525 of National Institute of Water & Atmo- The present study reports on three bathy- spheric Research (NIWA), St. D0244, 03.10 crinid species found for the first time in the 1964, 39.5167°S, 171.0000°E, 838 m, paratype Eastern Pacific. The species Bathycrinus com- (stalk with BB and radix), Cat. No. P180 planathus had been taken previously only by (McKnight, 1973). Albatross in the northwestern Pacific (A.H. B. carpenteri Danielssen et Koren Nor- Clark, 1907a). A new genus and two new spe- wegian North-Atlantic Expedition, St. 53, 10.08 cies, Discolocrinus thieli gen. et sp.n., and Bathy- 1876, 65°13¢N, 00°33¢E, 2814 m, 4 spms, Ber- crinus mendeleevi sp.n., are described. Com- gen Museum, Cat. No. 16023 (Danielssen, 1892). parative morphological analysis indicates six M. Sars, 1900, St. 9, 26.07.1900, 63°53¢N, types of pinnule structure in the extant ten- 6°22¢W, 1960 m, fragments of 8 spms, Bergen armed Bourgueticrinida. One of these types is Museum, Cat. No. 7701 (Grieg, 1904). M. represented in the Discolocrinus thieli only. Sars, 1902, St. 102, 29.08.1902, 63°13¢N, 6° The subfamily Caledonicrininae Mironov, 2000 32¢W, depth 1700 m, 3 spms, Bergen Museum is raised to the family level. no. 7700 (Grieg, 1904). Sadko, St. 101, 24.07.1938, 81°50¢N, 136°14¢E, 37003800 m, Matherial and Terminology fragments of stalks, Zoological Institute, Saint- Petersburg, Cat. No. 16/11756 (Djakonov, The material analysed in this study was 1946). Ob, St. 6, 18.08.1956, 78°05¢7 N, 02° collected during three expeditions: Cruise 4 of 25¢W, 2870 m, 21 spms, Zoological Institute, RV Akademic Kurchatov (St. 294), Cruise 20 of Saint-Petersburg, Cat. No.27/17656 (Koltun, RV Dmitry Mendeleyev (St. 1656), and DIS- 1964). Polarstern, Expedition ARK XI/1, COL 3 Expedition of RV Sonne (St. 77/085). St. 60b, 29.08.1995, 80°16¢0 N, 150°19¢5 E, The last sample has been obtained from a man- 1580 m, 11 spms, Zoological Institute, Saint- ganese nodule area which became a target of the Petersburg (Smirnov, Smirnov, 2006). Akademik Stalked crinoids from eastern Pacific 135 Fedorov, cruise 26, 29.07.2007, submersible and symbols are used: BB basals, RR Mir-2, Dive 2/413, 82°29,70¢N, 64°28,05¢E, radials, Br brachial, IBrs12 primibrachs, 1321 m, 1 spm, Institute of Oceanology, Mos- IIBrs secundibrachs, Br1, Br2, Br3, cow. first, second, third, secundibrachs, P pin- B. gracilis Wyville Thomson Akademik nule, Ps pinnules, Pn pinnular, Pns Mstislav Keldysh, cruise 47, St. 4304, 02.02. pinnulars. A plus sign (+) indicates a non-mus- 2002, 48°11¢04 N 48°11¢77 N, 16°05¢52 W cular (ligamentary) articulation between two 16°03¢64, 41204553 m, 2 spms, Institute of brachials. The figures in the brachial formu1ae Oceanology, Moscow. show the numbers of consecutive Brs with mus- B. pacificus A.H. Clark Albatross, St. cular articulations located between two non- 4974, 33°18¢10²N, 135°40¢50²E, 1655 m, ho- muscular articulations. For example, a part of lotype, U.S. National Museum, Washington, the arm with brachial formula 6+5 consists of 11 Cat. No. 22602 (A.H. Clark, 1907b). Brs, and a non-muscular articulation divides Caledonicrinus vaubani Avocat et Roux these ossicles into two groups of 6 and 5 Brs Alis, Expedition SMIB 4, St. DW 65, 10.03.1989, with 5 and 4 consecutive muscular articulations. 22°55,7¢S, 167°14,0¢E, 400420 m, 1 spm., The proximal brachial formulae 1+2,3+4,5,6,7 Institute of Oceanology, Moscow (Bourseau et or 1+2,3+4,5,6,7,8 are represented here as 1+2+4 al., 1991). and 1+2+5. Cingocrinus radicatus Mironov Aka- demik Mstislav Keldysh, Cruise 22, St. 2303, Description of species 2829.07.1990, 54°57¢62 N, 165°48¢45 E, 4570 m, holotype, Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Order Bourgueticrinida Sieverts- Cat. No. XV632 (Mironov, 2000). Doreck Monachocrinus aotearoa McKnight Ex- Family Bathycrinidae Bather pedition 1136 of National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), St. J0048, Composition of the family: Bathycrinus Thom- 20.04.1970, 36.5000°S, 170.4333°E, 2150 m, son, 1872 (type genus), Monachocrinus A. H. Clark, holotype, Cat. No. H116 (McKnight, 1973). 1917, Cingocrinus Mironov, 2000, Discolocrinus M. recuperatus Perrier Akademik Ms- gen.n. Remarks. The genus Cingocrinus is not firmly tislav Keldysh, cruise 47, St. 4304, 02.02 2002, established because it was known only from single 48°11¢04 N 48°11¢77 N, 16°05¢52 W 16° specimen with regenerated RR-ring and all of arms 03¢64 W, 41204553 m, 2 spms, Institute of (Mironov, 2000). Cingocrinus differs from closely Oceanology, Moscow. related Bathycrinus in having moveable (muscular) M. sexradiatus A.H. Clark Ingolf, St 18, joint between Pns beyond the first pair of Pns, more proximal position of P1 and short columnals in 17.06 1895, 61°44¢N, 30°29¢W, 2075 m, syn- mesistele. A new species of Cingocrinus represented type, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Cat. No. in the collection of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Cri-65 (A.H. Clark, 1917; A.M. Clark, 1923). Oceanology, was taken in the Antarctic. Some ten- Septocrinus disjunctus Mironov Dmitry armed bourgieticrinids are attributed here to other Mendeleyev, cruise 43, St. 4107, 12.04.1989, families: Caledonicrinus Avocat et Roux (in Amé- ziane-Cominardi et al., 1990) to Caledonicrin- 41°45,65¢41°44,36¢S, 41°35,64¢41°34,36¢W, idae Mironov, 2000; Septocrinus Mironov, 2000 51805190 m, holotype, Institute of Oceanolo- and Zeuctocrinus A.M. Clark, 1973 to Septocri- gy, Moscow, Cat. No. XV634 (Mironov, nidae Mironov, 2000. Naumachocrinus A.H. Clark, 2000). 1912 and the Jurassic Dolichocrinus de Loriol are of The measurements of calyx, primibrachs doubtful affinity (see discussion below). and columnals are as in Mironov, 2000, fig. 1. Genus Bathycrinus Thomson, 1872 Terminology of morphological characteristics follows that of Breimer (1978) and Roux et al. Composition. B. aldrichianus W. Thomson, B. (2002). The following traditional abbreviations australis A.H.
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  • Artificial Keys to the Genera of Living Stalked Crinoids (Echinodermata) Michel Roux Universite De Reims - France

    Artificial Keys to the Genera of Living Stalked Crinoids (Echinodermata) Michel Roux Universite De Reims - France

    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences 5-1-2002 Artificial Keys to the Genera of Living Stalked Crinoids (Echinodermata) Michel Roux Universite de Reims - France Charles G. Messing Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] Nadia Améziane Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - Paris, France Find out more information about Nova Southeastern University and the Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography. Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facarticles Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Recommended Citation Roux, Michel, Charles G. Messing, and Nadia Ameziane. "Artificial keys to the genera of living stalked crinoids (Echinodermata)." Bulletin of Marine Science 70, no. 3 (2002): 799-830. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 70(3): 799–830, 2002 ARTIFICIAL KEYS TO THE GENERA OF LIVING STALKED CRINOIDS (ECHINODERMATA) Michel Roux, Charles G. Messing and Nadia Améziane ABSTRACT Two practical, illustrated, dichotomous keys to the 29 genera of living stalked crinoids are provided: one for entire animals and one for stalk ossicles and fragments. These are accompanied by (1) an overview of taxonomically important morphology, and (2) an alphabetical list by family and genus of the ~95 nominal living species and their distribu- tion by region. This is the first compilation of such data for all living stalked crinoids since Carpenter (1884) recognized 27 species in six genera in his monograph based on the H.M.S.
  • Echinodermata: Crinoidea) Kristian Taylor Nova Southeastern University

    Echinodermata: Crinoidea) Kristian Taylor Nova Southeastern University

    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 8-26-2015 A Phylogenetic Revision of Superfamily Himerometroidea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) Kristian Taylor Nova Southeastern University This document is a product of extensive research conducted at the Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography. For more information on research and degree programs at the NSU Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, please click here. Follow this and additional works at: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Kristian Taylor. 2015. A Phylogenetic Revision of Superfamily Himerometroidea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (389) http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/389. This Dissertation is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center A Phylogenetic Revision of Superfamily Himerometroidea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) By Kristian Taylor Submitted to the Faculty of Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy Nova Southeastern
  • Palaeoenvironmental Control on Distribution of Crinoids in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of England and France

    Palaeoenvironmental Control on Distribution of Crinoids in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of England and France

    Palaeoenvironmental control on distribution of crinoids in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of England and France AARON W. HUNTER and CHARLIE J. UNDERWOOD Hunter A.W. and Underwood C.J. 2009. Palaeoenvironmental control on distribution of crinoids in the Bathonian (Mid− dle Jurassic) of England and France. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (1): 77–98. Bulk sampling of a number of different marine and marginal marine lithofacies in the British Bathonian has allowed us to as− sess the palaeoenvironmental distribution of crinoids for the first time. Although remains are largely fragmentary, many spe− cies have been identified by comparison with articulated specimens from elsewhere, whilst the large and unbiased sample sizes allowed assessment of relative proportions of different taxa. Results indicate that distribution of crinoids well corre− sponds to particular facies. Ossicles of Chariocrinus and Balanocrinus dominate in deeper−water and lower−energy facies, with the former extending further into shallower−water facies than the latter. Isocrinus dominates in shallower water carbon− ate facies, accompanied by rarer comatulids, and was also present in the more marine parts of lagoons. Pentacrinites remains are abundant in very high−energy oolite shoal lithofacies. The presence of millericrinids within one, partly allochthonous lithofacies suggests the presence of an otherwise unknown hard substrate from which they have been transported. These re− sults are compared to crinoid assemblages from other Mesozoic localities, and it is evident that the same morphological ad− aptations are present within crinoids from similar lithofacies throughout the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Key words: Echinodermata, Crinoidea, lithofacies, palaeoecology, Jurassic, Bathonian, England, France. Aaron W. Hunter [[email protected]] and Charlie J.
  • Crinoid Phylogeny: a Preliminary Analysis (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)

    Crinoid Phylogeny: a Preliminary Analysis (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)

    Cohen, B. L. and Ameziane, N. and Eleaume, M. and De Forges, B. R. (2004) Crinoid phylogeny: a preliminary analysis (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Marine Biology 144(3):pp. 605-617. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/2938/ Glasgow ePrints Service http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Marine Biology (2004) 144: 605-617 Crinoid Phylogeny: a Preliminary Analysis (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) BERNARD L. COHEN1*, NADIA AMÉZIANE2, MARC ELEAUME2, AND BERTRAND RICHER DE FORGES3 1 University of Glasgow, IBLS Division of Molecular Genetics, Pontecorvo Building, 56 Dumbarton Rd., Glasgow, G11 6NU, UK. e-mail: [email protected] * corresponding author 2 Département des Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR 5178 CNRS BOME "Biologie des Organismes Marins et Ecologie", 55 rue Buffon, F75005 Paris, France. 3 Institut de Recherche et Développement, BP A5, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia. Abstract We describe the first molecular and morphological analysis of extant crinoid high- level inter-relationships. Nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and a cladistically coded matrix of 30 morphological characters are presented, and analysed by phylogenetic methods. The molecular data were compiled from concatenated nuclear-encoded 18S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer 1, 5.8S rDNA, and internal transcribed spacer 2, together with part of mitochondrial 16S rDNA, and comprised 3593 sites, of which 313 were parsimony- informative. The molecular and morphological analyses include data from the bourgueticrinid, Bathycrinus; the antedonid comatulids, Dorometra and Florometra; the cyrtocrinids Cyathidium, Gymnocrinus, and Holopus; the isocrinids Endoxocrinus, and two species of Metacrinus; as well as from Guillecrinus and Caledonicrinus, whose ordinal relationships are uncertain, together with morphological data from Proisocrinus.