Connecting with Computer Science Chapter 5 Review:

Chapter Summary:

 The has revolutionized the world.

 The internet is just a giant collection of: WANs and LANs.

 The internet is not owned by any single person or entity.

 You connect to the Internet through ISPs and NBPs.

 Protocols are vital to the operation of the Internet.

 TCP/IP is the protocol set that makes the Internet possible.

 TCP is used for accurate delivery of data packets.

 Every device connected to the Internet has a unique IP address.

 IP is used for addressing and routing data packets.

 IP addresses are organized into classes for block allocation.

 DHCP is a protocol for assigning IP addresses to devices automatically.

 Internet networks are organized into subnets.

 Routers are key to the operation of the Internet.

 SMTP, POP3 and IMAP are protocols for sending and receiving e-mail.

 FTP is widely used to send and receive and receive files of various types.

 HTTP is a protocol for sending and receiving data on the Web.

 A URL is translated into an IP address by DNS.

 Port numbers are used to extend the capability of IP addressing.

 NAT is often used to allow multiple computers to share an Internet connection.

 You can check your computer configuration with the IPCONFIG command.

 HTML is the language of the World Wide Web.

 XML is a mark-up language used to create common information formats.

 Web pages consist of information surrounded by HTML formatting tags.

 Scripting languages can be used on Web pages to make them dynamic.

 Hyperlinks are used on Web pages to connect to other pages.

 Web services make data available to other programs.

 Search engines are used to find Web pages on the Internet. Connecting with Computer Science Chapter 5 Review:

Key Terms:

ARIN: (177) (American Registry of Internet Numbers) The U.S. organization that assigns IP address numbers for the country and its territories. ASP: (193) A Web service technology that combines features of HTML and JavaScript or VBScript programming code; Used on a Web server to create Web pages dynamically. Bot: (196) A small program also called a spider or crawler that access web sites to gather their content for search engine indexes. CGI: (193) An older Web server technology used for dynamic Web page creation. DHCP: (177) (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) A communication protocol that automates assigning IP addresses in an organizations network. DHTML: (193) An extension of HTML tags and options for producing Web pages that are responsive to user interaction. DNS: (183) A method of translating Internet domain names into IP addresses; DNS servers are servers used in this process. Domain Name: (183) A name used to locate the IP address of an organization or other entity on the Internet, such as www.yahoo.com FTP: (173) A protocol designed to exchange text and binary files via the Internet. HTML: (188) Markup symbols or codes inserted in a file that specifies how the material is displayed on a Web page. HTTP: : (173) A protocol designed for transferring files (primarily content files) on the world wide web. Hyperlink: (191) A link that allows users to select a connection from one word, picture or information object to another. IANA: (177) (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) The organization under contract with the U.S. government to oversee allocating IP addresses to ISPs IMAP: (181) (Internet Message Access Protocol) A standard protocol for accessing e-mail from a mail server. IP: (174) The protocol that provides for addressing and routing internet packets from one computer to another. IP Address: (175) A unique 32 bit number assigned to network devices that use Internet protocol. IPCONFIG: (187) A Windows command line utility that can be used to display currently assigned network settings. IPv4: (175) Version 4 of Internet protocol, the most widely used version of IP. IPv6: (176) Version 6 of Internet protocol has more capabilities than version 4 including providing for far more IP addresses. ISP: (172) A company that provides access to the Internet and other related services, such as Web site building and virtual hosting. JavaScript: (193) An interpreted programming or script language from Netscape; Somewhat similar in capability to VBScript. JSP: (193) Comparable with Microsoft’s ASP technology, except it runs only programs written in Java. Metadata: (194) In XML and in database systems, information about characteristics of the data in a file; sometimes called data about data. NAT: (186) Used to translate an IP address to an inside IP address; NAT is often used to allow multiple computers to share one internet connection. NBP: (172) (National Backbone Provider) A provider of high-speed network communication lines for use by ISPs. Perl: (193) A script programming language similar in syntax to the C language; often used to develop CGI dynamic Web pages. PHP: (193) In Web programming, a free script language and interpreter used primarily on Linux Web Servers. POP: (172) An access point to the internet. POP3: (181) (Post Office Protocol V 3) The most recent version of a standard protocol for receiving e-mail from a mail server. Port Number: (185) An addressing mechanism used in TCP/IP as a way for a client program to specify a particular server program on a network computer and to facilitate Network Address Translation. Python: (193) An interpreted OOP similar to Perl that has gained popularity in recent years. Router: (178) A device or in a computer that determines the next network point to which a packet should be forwarded. Search Engine: (195) A program, usually accessed on the Web that gathers and reports information available on the Internet. SGML: (194) (Standard Generalized Markup Language) A standard for how to specify a document markup language or tag set. SMTP: (173) A TCI/IP-related, high level protocol used in sending e-mail. Spider: (196) Also called a bot or crawler, a program that visits Web sites and reads their pages and other information to create entries for a search engine index. SSH: (182) A network protocol for secure data exchange between two networked devices, usually in a Linux environment. Subnet: (177) A portion of a network that shares part of an address with other portions of the network and is distinguished by a subnet number. TCP: (174) An OSI Transport layer, connection orientated protocol designed to exchange messages between network devices. TCP/IP: (174) The suite of communication protocols used to connect hosts on the internet Time to Live: (179) A field in the IP header that enables routers to discard packets that have been traversing the network for too long. URL: (183) The English-like address of a file accessible on the Internet VBScript: (193) An interpreted script language from Microsoft that is a subset of the VB programming language often used by Web browsers and ASP. Web Server: (188) A program running on a computer that responds to http requests for Web pages and returns the Web pages to the requesting client. Web Service: (194) Programming and data on a Web server designed to make data available to other Web programs. XML: (194) A markup language designed to create common information formats and share the formats and data on the World Wide Web. Connecting with Computer Science Chapter 5 Review:

Test yourself:

1.) The Internet is made up of a collection of: ______and ______?

 LANS and WANS

2.) What does the acronym ISP stand for?

 Internet Service Provider

3.) What is an NBP?

 A provider of high-speed network communication lines for use by ISPs.

4.) What is the protocol SMTP used for?

 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

5.) Which Internet protocol is responsible for reliable delivery of data from one computer to another?

 TCP is responsible for reliable delivery of data from one computer to another

6.) Which Internet protocol manages sequencing data packets?

 IP manages sequencing data packets

7.) Which Internet protocol maintains port information?

 TCP/IP maintains port information

8.) What is the size, in bits of an IPv4 address?

 The size, in bits of an IPv4 address IS 32 BITS

9.) Which IPv4 class allows the greatest number of hosts?

 IPv6 allows the greatest number of hosts.

10.) What is the IP address 255.255.255.255 reserved for?

 The IP address 255.255.255.255 reserved for network broadcasts.

11.) What is the regional agency that assigns IP addresses for the U.S. and its territories?

 ARIN

12.) What is the function of DHCP in networking?

 The function of DHCP in networking is to assign IP addresses.

13.) What is a router?

 A router is a device or software in a computer that determines the next network point to which a packet should be forwarded.

14.) What prevents TCP/IP packets from bouncing from router to router forever?

 Time to live prevents TCP/IP packets from bouncing from router to router forever.

15.) What is the purpose of FTP?

 The purpose of FTP is to exchange text and binary files via the Internet.

16.) Which network device is used to resolve domain names into IP addresses?

 DNS is a network device is used to resolve domain names into IP addresses.

17.) What is the Windows command-line utility to check your computer’s network configuration?

 IPCONFIG is the Windows command-line utility to check your computer’s network configuration.

18.) What is the language of the World Wide Web?

 HTML is the language of the World Wide Web.

19.) What programs are used to “crawl” the web?

 Programs are used to “crawl” the web include:

 Yahoo

 Webcrawler

 Altavista

 Bing Connecting with Computer Science Chapter 5 Review:

Practice Exercises

1.) The Internet is owned by:

 D. None of the above.

2.) Internet providers maintain a switching centre called a

 C. Router.

3.) The purpose of HTTP is to:

 B. Transfer Web pages

4.) Which of the following is not an Internet- related protocol?

 B. HTML

5.) How many possible ports are allowed in TCP:

 B. 16

6.) Which portion of the TCP/IP protocol suite provides error detection and correction?

 C. Both

7.) How many different hosts can be granted a Class A IP address allocation?

 D. 126

8.) Which Internet protocol is used to assign IP addresses dynamically?

 B. DHCP

9.) Routers are critical to the operation of the Internet.

 A. True

10.) Which Internet component is responsible for decrementing the TTL field?

 D. Packet

11.) Which of the following is an example of a high-level protocol?

 D. SMTP

12.) Which of the following protocols makes the Web possible?

 C. HTTP

13.) Which of the following is an example of a URL?

 A. www.cengage.com

14.) How many DNS servers does the Internet have?

 C. Thousands

15.) What is the standard port number for HTTP?

 D. 80

16.) How many IP addresses are presented to the Internet when NAT is used?

 A. 1 (pg 34)

17.) Which of the following is an example of an example of an HTML tag?

 B.

18.) Which HTML tag is used to provide links to other pages?

 C.

19.) XML is just another name for HTML

 B. False

20.) Bots are used by______to crawl the World Wide Web.

 B. Search Engines