A book about you

At the end of our course “Bildval och bild- book about themselves. At an earlier stage strategier” (i.e choice of images and image of the course, they get a number of lectu- strategies) a student group of text design- res on subjects related to images/choosing ers in their final year, are asked to create a images.

Being almost fully trained information designers, they are used to solve various problems related to communication, but when confronted with more artistic, and less rigid type of assignment, other kinds of difficulties arise. At first, it is psychologically and pedagogically interesting for them to figure out what they want to tell about themselves, and how to tell it. This is not a common subject in our university level courses. At this stage, their work method does not differ a lot from other information design related projects. As text designers, they are used to writing, but lack (the same level of) competence regarding images. Still, some of them experiment rather freely and successfully manage to create images/ 1. Art history! illustrations. Aim: make students aware of different techniques. When the students evalute the course, they tend to Contents: lectures and visit to an art museum. point out that it was difficult to figure out what was 2. Words and images! Aim: learn how words and images can work togheter – or not. right or wrong. This is one of the main objectives Content: guest lecturer Robert Nyberg, satirical cartoonist + assignments. of the course, i.e to make the students understand 3. Communicate with an illustrator! Aim: learn how to get the image you want. that they must, in creative tasks, trust their own Contents: guest lecturer, Lisa Öst, editor at one of sweden’s main pubishers of teaching media + assigments. capability and to make design decisions on their 4. Design own. Aim: learn how to format your book! Contents: a workshop with Hans Henningsson, expert on typography and During the recent years, some of our students have form. successfully used this book/booklet as part 5. The book Aim: learn more about paper, covers, book design. of their C.V, later on when applying for jobs. Contents: lecture and assignment.

Björn Fundberg, lecturer in Information Design • Sven Holmberg, lecturer in Information Design • Hans Henningsson, lecturer in Information Design Kate Farley Preference is not Performance Objective versus subjective measures of schematic map usability

Maxwell J. Roberts*, Elizabeth J. Newton•, Hannah Gray*, Jennifer Lesnik*, & Maria Canals• *Department of Psychology, University of Essex, UK •Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, UK

Introduction Method

• Schematic rail maps are intended to simplify the complexities of • Experiment 1: 72 people tested with multilinear, curvilinear, and octolinear reality, giving a clear overview of the trajectories of individual lines, designs, all people attempted to plan journeys using all three maps. their relatedness and their connectivity. • Experiment 2: 40 people tested with concentric and octolinear • Roberts et al. (2013) compared the official Paris Metro map (traditional designs, all people attempted to plan journeys using both. octolinear) with a novel curvilinear design. The curvilinear design was • Journey planning task: 50% faster for journey planning, but preferred by only 50% of people. • People attempted to plan a series of journeys for every • In general, objective measures and subjective evaluations are almost map. Each journey was between two highlighted stations. always uncorrelated: people can prefer designs that are hard to use • Six complex journeys planned per map, two interchanges required and reject designs that are easy to use. to complete each journey, or to avoid a roundabout journey. • People have expectations, prejudices, opinions and aesthetic preferences • Two measures of performance: mean time to plan each journey, concerning design which bias their usability evaluations (Roberts, 2014). and mean estimated time required to undertake each journey – based on a simple station and interchange count. • Two usability studies are reported here which compare objective versus subjective measures for four unofficial Berlin maps matched for size and • Rating task (1): design priorities – the simplest possible line trajectories. • A series of statements about various aspects of the designs were, rated on a 5-point scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree). • Octolinear: traditional Henry Beck style; how people expect a good • Total of ratings gave aggregate questionnaire scores, higher map to be formatted, but these design rules do not suit all cities well. aggregates indicate a more favorable rating for each map. Multilinear: multiple angles permit the straightest line trajectories, but at the expense of the overall coherence of the design. • Rating task (2): Curvilinear: the harsh disruptive corners of linear designs are • Each map was directly rated for perceived usability with smoothed away to form gentle curves that afford effortless flow. three options (easy to use, neutral, hard to use). Concentric: the line trajectories have poor simplicity, but this is the most • Each map was directly rated for perceived attractiveness coherent design of all. It generates massive interest on the internet. with three options (attractive, neutral, unattractive).

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% $ !# %#& !# $" !# "!!$#  • There is a clear dissociation between the objective   measures and the subjective ratings of usability.   #     • The low ratings of the multilinear map are unjustified, the "       "         low ratings of the concentric map are completely justified:    #      • People evaluate maps on the basis of salient features "            in relation to their expectations about good design. "        • Sometimes these salient features are by coincidence related to factors that determine usability, sometimes not.               !   • Aesthetic appreciation seems to be related to usability "           judgement, but is also independent of this: "      • The curvilinear map is rated as more attractive than usable,      #      !   the octolinear map is rated as more usable than attractive. "       "         • The concentric map is rated as much more attractive than the      !      !   multilinear, but seems to receive the lowest usability ratings. "         • Both types of evaluation methodology are necessary: "       • Objective measures to ensure that usable designs are selected. • Objective measures: • Subjective measures to ensure that acceptable designs are selected. • No differences in estimated duration of journeys planned. • Multilinear, curvilinear, octolinear designs equal journey References planning times, concentric map far slower than octolinear.

• Subjective measures: • Roberts, M.J. (2014). What’s your theory of effective schematic map • Multilinear and concentric maps always received the worst design? Schematic Mapping Workshop 2014, University of Essex, April. usability ratings. The curvilinear map was rated more highly, • Roberts, M.J., Newton, E.J., Lagattolla, F.D., Hughes, S., & Hasler, M.C. the octolinear map was always rated the most usable design. (2013). Objective versus subjective measures of Paris Metro map usability: • Curvilinear received a high attractiveness rating, concentric Investigating traditional octolinear versus all-curves schematic maps. and octolinear equal, multilinear the least attractive by far. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 71, 363-386. WORKING WITH TACTILE IMAGES ON A PLATFORM FOR DIFFERENT CHANNELS The main purpose of the platform in question is conditions similar to those of sighted children. to facilitate and improve the possibility to support Below, you find some parts, mostly pictures, children with blindness or visual impairment from Tactile images. Essential for the pictures in their learning to read and understand tactile has been that they should not be gender specific images. With a functional strategy for reading and that they should show, very clearly, the tactile images, maps and graphics it’s easier for importance of using both hands when reading these children to participate in school work on tactile images.

This picture illustrates the difficulty of showing different shapes and forms. In a tactile image both the plate and the ball are represented by a circle.

This shows the importance of using both hands.

This shows the difficulty of illustrationg the proportions of size and distance.

This shows how to make your own tactile image.

Text Lena Stenberg lecturer Information Design – Text Illustrations Peter Johansson, lecturer Information Design – Informative illustration Project manager MDH Yvonne Eriksson, Professor Information Design Project manager MTM Björn Westling, Research and Development A of some of the thingsReview all of us do have a large effect on

Upholding the worldwide communication network and opening up info to everyone

Integrating environment as part of your communication/development strategy © Koji Fujii - Nacasa & Partners - Nacasa Fujii © Koji

Architects planning houses built as part

© Corning Incorporated of the forest. An example of a healthy place where people can exist and communicate in more harmony as part of nature during all seasons. Creating futuristic information Instead of cutting down forests making display technologies such them part of the plan and integrating as flexible glass takes its toll. daily living as part of the environment. Cutting down use of other resources helps balancing out/reducing the total

Everything is connected and has an impact – we are dependent on nature so it matters

Are YOU helping in creating an infrastructure & ways that increase or reduce pollution?

Review by Julia Lila Images & concept by Julia Lila except when noted with credits & copyright. © Culinary Schools The Value Chain Game Work in progress showing the development of a set of visual tools for use by trainers in field situations

1. Retail & sales tax Reverse imagery to show Visualising The aim of this Money Personal shopping project is to develop Government cut language-free graphic Value Chains outputs to define 2. Components created in-house to add value methodologies and tools to support workers in fashion and Reverse imagery to show Buttons Decoration textile supply chains who are working in the context of socially Bead Agricultural product Other focused micro enterprises in the developing world. Packing into salable units Plastic bags

3. Social margin (i.e. with NGOS the part added to the profit margin that goes into a social funding pot or profit sharing scheme) Reverse imagery to show Monetary %

4. Bought-in components (Items with their own supply chain – so if the trainer wants to create a full transparency they can include this) Reverse imagery to show Zip Button Decoration Beads

5. Manufacturing costs Reverse imagery to show Sewing Finishing Washing Dying (post manufacture) Sewing Finishing Washing

6. Embellishment of cloth (could be subcontracted or produced in house) Reverse imagery to show Print Embroidery Beading Cut work Engineered pieces Patchwork

7. Cloth (either bought in or woven in house from yarn or raw materials) Reverse imagery to show Woven Hand loom woven The visuals (right) show Factory knitted (e.g. cotton An identified problem in the field of social and economic jersey) preliminary designs for a Hand knit empowerment of workers and textile producers in the game consisting of a set of developing world is the challenge posed by linguistic colour-coded cards with 8. Shipping & packing & symbols to the front and export/import taxes Reverse imagery to show complexity in regional hubs in training for capacity sample colour imagery on Boats the reverse (left). Their Planes enhancement and trading growth. This project addresses Trucks aim is to enable textile Containers this issue, through the development of a set of visual tools workers (with trainers in a Tax/money Hang tags and bar codes for use by trainers in field situations (typically with small, workshop situation) to Packing into salable units understand more about the Plastic bags localised groups of producers) aiming to engage with global process and operations 9. Where the raw fibres which go into the creation come from textile supply chains. Training programmes are often Reverse imagery to show of a garment from raw Factory internationally developed and a key advantage of visual materials to finished Animal retail-ready fashion. The Silk farm communication tools used in workshops to engage Cotton symbols used represent Linen participants whose literacy skills are limited, or who do eleven identified stages of Bamboo not share a common language is the opportunity to create the value chain – each will have up to twenty varients 10. Yarn income through international trade networks. showing specific processes Reverse imagery to show or stages, to encourage Hand spinning Factory spin This poster introduces the design of this prototype tool kit workshop participants to Home worker ‘build’ the value chain and in the form of a game with double-sided cards that allow understand the worth of participants to build their own value chain from raw material their skills within the process. We are currently through to the final fashion garment. The original idea for considering whether the 11. Management/agency/in treatment of the imagery the project is based around a collaboration pooling the treatment of the imagery country logistics/training should be photographic or (i.e. the work that the NGO skills, interests and professional networks of a visual does, or, in a commercial illustrative – which will setting, the business over- communicator and a sustainable fashion/business expert, depend on feedback from heads for the factory) project partners. Reverse imagery to show Trucks using the principles of transformation drawn from Isotype. Workshops Oce Dr Sue Perks and Mo Tomaney University for the Creative Arts WayFinding: Information Design for Public Spaces Pooja Vasu | M. Des Student, Graphic Design, National Institute of Design, India

Wayfinding has always been a crucial part while navigating through a certain given space. It not only helps us to get familiarized with the immediate environment but also directs us how to navigate through it. A successful design solution should alter the action of the target path / route audience in the desired way. Wayfinding is one such branch of design which has an immediate ORIGIN DESTINATION reaction to the given information. It is a direct effect of motor coordination. Information given purposive, directed and motivated activity at any point is expected to be precise .

Academic project done during the 2nd year Masters at NID. Post Graduate Campus is situated in the city of Gandhinagar, in Gujarat, spread over PG Campus 11,362 sq mts. The campus being relatively new, the structure might still be subjected to many changes according to the institute requirement. Signage System The main area focused was on directional signages in the campus.

METHODOLOGY

Based on the study of the campus layout and analysis done with respect to information dissemination at various touchpoints, the following is the proposed Information Architecture

PROPOSED DESIGNS ICONS

7 ft

As a part of this Signage system, various icons have been designed. 2 types of Icons were created: NAVIGATIONAL | LOCATIONAL

Directional Signages to guide you through the campus CAMPUS SIGNAGES MAP

o 20

Legible viewing distance: 36’ Maps are the most commonly used representational form which indicate the absolute and relative location of places, features and spatial relations. This map is to help the visitors to orient themselves in the immediate campus environment OUTDOOR INDOOR 162 YEARS ON, WHY DO 7 MILLION COMMUTE WITHOUT

Prof. Mandar Rane, IDC, IIT Bombay Hriday Gami, DoD, IIT Guwahati A RAIL MAP? Jaikishan Patel, IDC, IIT Bombay PEOPLE ARGUE WITH ME SAYING, “IN MUMBAI WE RELY ON ASKING AROUND FOR INFORMATION RATHER THAN REFERRING TO A MAP.” INDEED IT’S TRUE, BECAUSE WE NEVER GAVE THEM ONE.

Did nobody design a map in all these years? The first design school in India, National Insitute of Design, (NID) was established in 1961 followed by Industrial Design Centre (IDC) in 1969. Since then, these schools and others have built a tremendous repository of relevant designs for the public domain such as maps and signage. Unfortunately, very few of these designs have been implemented, almost none in Mumbai. This is primarily because of two reasons. Firstly, in a crowded city like Mumbai, people take information for granted, often sourcing it from fellow commuters, which has now become their second-nature. The lack of awareness over the need and function of public information systems has never been questioned and seemed justified. The very same people when exposed to well designed systems (when they visit first world countries) recognize them as indispensable. Secondly, efforts to convince the bureaucratic hierarchy to implement worthy design projects that solve a latent need have been futile, primarily because of the way in which the government and its bodies are designed as bodies of approval, rather than initiative. We sparked a new controversy by designing a map.

The Mumbai suburban rail network flagged off its first train in 1853. It now runs 2,342 trains daily that carry about 7.5 Million commuters on an average. It is a heavily coded system that continually expands and densifies. We share here, how we tackled the core issues while designing the map, followed by our strategies for its implementation.

PEOPLE SAID THAT IT’S HIGH TIME WE CAN A NUMBERED THE MAP APPEARS TOO MADE A SYMBOL FOR CHEQUERED GRID WORK COMPLEX TO THE FIRST- COLOR BLIND-FRIENDLY BETTER THAN TIME USER. PRODUCTS AND THE CONVENTIONAL WE ANSWERED… ENVIRONMENTS… ALPHANUMERIC GRID? WE TESTED… Don Norman, in his book Living with Complexity, mentions about Al Gore’s office desk, which seems chaotic and messy to a visitor but organised and ordered for Al. Once the desk’s underlying structure of organisation is revealed, its complexity fades away. If we draw an analogy to the mess on Al Gore’s desk towards the arrangement of elements in a map; the map for the We propose a universal symbol for identifying first time user would obviously appear complex. colorblind friendly products, such as equipment, But once the user understands how information mobile applications and websites, as well as is organised in the map, its complexity will fade. environments, such as airports, train stations, “Complexity can be tamed through three things: libraries and factories. This will encourage In the map, the conventional alphanumeric grid intelligent organization, excellent modularization professionals and design schools across the world is replaced with a numbered box grid because of and structure as well as training of the (user).”- to design inclusive public formation systems and two reasons. Firstly, map reading is not so common Donald Norman help in establishing a standard for color in India and commuters are not accustomed to universal design. The dictionary can appear to be very complex if using a two axis X-Y grid. Secondly, a numbered the users don’t know the use of alphabetical order The MRM is an attempt at a colorblind friendly grid functions well when the number of divisions and the method for searching for a word. Once map but is yet to become a complete solution. is small, in this case only 22. During testing we revealed, this complexity dissolves. Therefore, The color palette for the map is carefully chosen found that people are able to understand the people need to be taught the method of reading to aid the colorblind by avoiding the use of numbers-only grid and use it better than the the map using the index and the grid. commonly misunderstood colors. alphanumeric based on their past experience.

MAKE THE MAP PART OF INFRASTRUCTURE the railway authorities towards the lack of basic public FROM PAPER 1 AND ITS INSTALLATION A POLICY. We can find a information systems. They are also a means to raise precedence of this at Metro stations in India where maps awareness amongst design students and professionals and signage are installed at designated places during the regarding the importance of pushing sensible design TO PLATFORM. planning stage. Our problem was adding maps to existing towards implementation. stations, some of which are more than a century old and For young students we installed maps and charts at are all different in layout. Making installation of maps OUR STRATEGIES schools, colleges and a science centre such that the map mandatory is possible only through policy level decisions becomes a point of reference and they learn to read made by the authorities and inked in the rule book. FOR MAKING THE it through repeated encounters. We used Facebook as INJECT THE MAP INTO THE SYSTEM BY an effective medium to generate debate among design 2 INCREASING ENCOUNTERS. MAKE PEOPLE students at each iteration and parallelly developed MAP REACH THE FEEL THE NEED FOR ONE. Generate and disseminate products such as MRM notebooks and MRM charts material that conveys the thought behind the to leak the map into the public imagination. The most PEOPLE. absence, need and design of the map through as many effective medium to give people access to the map has communication channels as possible. As part of this been the free mobile application available for strategy, the MRM Thought Books were made to sensitize Android and iOS. Download at: www.mrmapp.in