DOCSLIB.ORG

Vegetation Changes Caused by Agricultural Societies in the Great Mazurian Lake District

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vegetation Changes Caused by Agricultural Societies in the Great Mazurian Lake District Acta Palaeobotanica 52(1): 59–104, 2012 Vegetation changes caused by agricultural societies in the Great Mazurian Lake District AGNIESZKA WACNIK 1, TOMASZ GOSLAR 2,3, and JUSTYNA CZERNIK 2 1 W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Poznań Radiocarbon Laboratory, Foundation of the A. Mickiewicz University, Rubież 46, 61-612 Poznań, Poland 3 Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland Received 14. May 2012; accepted for publication 31 May 2012 ABSTRACT: The results of pollen analysis and radiocarbon datings of bottom sediments of four lakes: Lakes Miłkowskie, Wojnowo, Łazduny, and former Lake Staświńskie, situated in the eastern part of the Great Mazu- rian Lake District, were the basis for the reconstruction of vegetation changes during the last 4 millennia. In addition to the local pollen assemblage zones, which represent transformations of forest vegetation at the local level, three regional pollen assemblage zones were described, as were also the changes of plant communities developing in water basins. In the case of Lake Miłkowskie the variations in the composition of fossil green algae showed its evolution from an oligotrophic to strongly eutrophic water body as early as the 11th century AD. The present studies have confi rmed that the vegetation transformations in the Miłki-Staświny microregion differed from those in Szczepanki vicinity. In the fi rst case, human activity, besides climate, proved decisive agent in vegetation cover development, in the second one it was a natural process of lake terrestrialization. Pollen record showed that a characteristic short-lasting phase of the intensive Picea development about 2000 –1600 BC was delayed for at least a century compared to the Suwałki region. It was confi rmed that the fi rst Carpinus spread in the forests occurred about 1350 BC. The data provided evidence for metachronous beginning of forma- tion and long-term persistence of anthropogenic forest communities dominated by birch in different parts of the area (1200 BC – 1100 AD in Miłki and Staświny regions, 200 BC – 1500 AD in Lake Łazduny region). The investigations documented the spread of local cereal cultivation (Triticum and Hordeum types) during the middle Bronze Age. The phases of more intensifi ed human impact on microregional vegetation were identi- fi ed with the middle Bronze Age settlement (Lusatian culture); with the activity period of the West Baltic Bur- row culture population; with the societies of the Bogaczewo culture and Prussian Galindians. The last phase of the very strong agricultural exploitation of the area that lasts to the present time, was initiated in the Middle Ages, about 1100 AD in Lakes Wojnowo and Miłkowskie regions and in the 16th century near Lake Łazduny. The datings of sediments deposited in the Middle Ages confi rmed the asynchronous beginnings of the large- scale deforestations. Of special interest was the dating of the deforestation time in the surroundings of Lakes Miłkowskie and Wojnowo (in the Staświny settlement centre) to the earlier time than it was deduced from written sources and the presentation of arguments for the foundation of permanent settlement units prior the arrival of the Teutonic Order Knights. The stages of anthropogenic disturbances of vegetation distinguished in individual pollen diagrams in the most cases well refl ected the history and intensity of settlement confi rmed by archaeological fi ndings and historical data. KEYWORDS: palynology, vegetation history, human impact, radiocarbon chronology, adoption of agriculture, fi re, large-scale clearings, settlement history, late Holocene, NE Poland INTRODUCTION The signifi cant natural potential of the palaeoenvironmental changes. Among the Great Mazurian Lake District for palaeoeco- sites that were palynologically investigated logical studies, resulting from the abundance after the second World War, only a few of lakes and peat bogs, was hitherto little included pollen sequences reaching to mod- exploited in the analysis of the late Holocene ern times. These were pollen profi les from the 60 following lakes: Mikołajskie (Ralska-Jasiewi- leadership of W. Gumiński from the Warsaw czowa 1966, Ralska-Jasiewiczowa & Latałowa University, worked on the sites Szczepanki 1996), Kruklin, Mamry, Tałty (Stasiak 1967, and Dudka. 1971), and Dgał Wielki (Filbrandt-Czaja 2000). The questions connected with the process The insuffi cient number of radiocarbon dates of the neolithization of north-eastern Poland, of the late Holocene sediments resulted in including the very beginning of the transfor- a very generalized chronology of vegetation mation from foraging to (partly) producing changes presented in these papers. This fact economy type, are as yet not fully understood. restricts the possibility of the reconstruction of A particular feature of this area, is contrary to the rates of environmental changes and their the rest of Poland, was a prolonged existence correlation with archaeological-historical and of foraging and a very late acceptance of farm- climatic data. The investigations of the envi- ing as the basis for food procurement. Hitherto ronmental history of the Great Mazurian Lake existing palynological studies of bottom sedi- District and its connection with the appear- ments of Lakes Miłkowskie and Staświńskie, ance of agricultural societies during the last which are to a high degree representative millennia require on one hand the selection of for this region, have demonstrated that the deposits suitable for palaeoecological analyses impact of local Mesolithic and Neolithic popu- and on the other, the information about the lations on vegetation was insignifi cant, while changing in time forms of local economic and climate remained the main agent controlling settlement activities. The good recognition of the dynamics of plant community changes. radiocarbon and archaeological chronologies is The use of fi re for clearing small surfaces for of key signifi cance in these studies. The time economic and settlement purposes, and since frames for the present investigations, which ca 3800 BC also sporadically for farming, focus on the impact of agricultural societies caused only small and temporary disturbances on vegetation, were established on the basis of the structure and taxonomic composition of of the fi rst appearance of Cerealia type pol- forest communities. It was only the increased len grains about 3800 BC in the sediments of signifi cance of producers’ economy based on Lake Miłkowskie (Wacnik 2009a) and approxi- plant cultivation and animal raising, recorded mately at the same time in Lake Dgał Wielki in the middle Bronze Age from about 1400 BC, (Filbrandt-Czaja 2000) as well as in cultural that resulted in more pronounced environmen- layers from an archaeological site Szczepanki 8 tal changes (Wacnik 2005, 2009a). The char- (Wacnik & Ralska-Jasiewiczowa 2008, Madeja acter of anthropogenic disturbances during et al. 2009). These data indicate a likely begin- the early and middle Holocene that can be ning of the interference in vegetation of people observed in this area, resembles those known who were engaged, though on a very limited from the majority of the Baltic countries. scale, in cultivating plants and raising live- The basic aim of the present paper was to stock. In order to recognize anthropogenic veg- describe the main stages of palaeoenviron- etation changes in the late Holocene several mental changes, which occurred in the Great new localities, situated a few to a dozen or so Mazurian Lake District from the onset of agri- kilometers apart, were investigated. Thanks culture to modern times and to confi rm that to their different dimensions, pollen records the large-area deforestations and enlargement showed differences refl ecting the unequal sizes of surfaces taken under cultivation were not of source areas for pollen transported to the synchronous over the whole area. sedimentation basins, which made possible the differentiation of local and regional phenom- ena. The region Staświny-Miłki-Szczepanki THE STUDY REGION was selected for palynological investigations because human settlement in this terrain was The Great Mazurian Lake District (1730 km²) well known due to the intensive archaeologi- lies in a depression between the Mrągowo cal explorations carried out by two teams. One Lake District to the west and Ełk Lake District of them, under the leadership of M. Karcze- to the east. To the north it borders upon the wski and M. Karczewska from the University Węgorapa District and to the south upon the of Bialystok, studied the region of Paprotki Mazurian Plain, where the border is marked Kolonia and Staświny, another one, under the by marginal forms (moraines and kames) 61 Fig. 1. Location of studied sites in the eastern part of the Great Mazurian Lake District. Main localities mentioned in the paper are marked on the map. Names of the studied palynological sites are framed of the Pomeranian stage of the Vistula gla- exaration basins were formed, which gave rise ciation, running north of Ruciane, and south to the network of modern channel lakes includ- of Lakes Śniardwy, and Orzysz (Kondracki ing Lakes Miłkowskie, Wojnowo, and Łazduny 1972). In respect of geomorphology the region (Fig. 1). Front moraines were formed at that is situated within the reach of the last glacia- time as well as local accumulations of kame tion formations and forms, between the I and sands and gravels. During the glacier
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Strong Workforce Program Dashboard Provides Annual Results
    The Strong Workforce Program Dashboard provides annual results, disaggregated data, and benchmarking information for metrics associated with the Strong Workforce Program and students enrolled in career and technical education (CTE) programs. The Office of Research, Planning & Institutional Effectiveness has included example datasets in this document. Users are highly encouraged to visit the CCCCO and Cal PASS-Plus LaunchBoard Strong Workforce Program Dashboard (located here) to explore the most current data disaggregated by age group, gender, race/ethnicity, and economic status (as available), as well as comparisons between our District and Statewide, Macroregion, and Microregion data. The Strong Workforce Program Dashboard Information is based on students who took one or more courses in the selected CTE program at a community college. You can view detailed comparisons between locales and programs or sectors, and the displayed data can be exported in csv format. You can filter data by selecting from the following criteria: • Locale: You can view data at the college, district, microregion, macroregion, or statewide level • For COS data select District (Sequoias District) or College (College of the Sequoias) • Our Microregion is Southern Central Valley-Mother Lode • Our Macroregion is Central-Mother Lode • Program: You can view data for All CTE programs, individual sectors, or individual programs based on TOP6 or TOP4 codes. • Academic Year: There are 8 years of data (2011-12 through 2018-19) • Using the “Drill Down” filter, you can view
    [Show full text]
  • Daria V. Konior Institute for Linguistic Studies (Russian Academy Of
    Daria V. Konior Institute for Linguistic Studies (Russian Academy of Sciences), Saint Petersburg, Russia E-mail: [email protected] Patterns and mechanisms of lexical change in symbiotic communities: the case of Carașova and Iabalcea (Banat, Romania) The historical region of Banat is known as one of the most diverse multilingual areas on the map of Europe. It has become a true mosaic of multiethnic and multilingual communities mainly due to numerous waves of migrations (first of all, arrival of the Slavic tribes to the Balkans, which started between 5th or 6th centuries), but also due to colonization policy of Habsburg administration. It resulted in mixing of different nations (Romanians, Hungarians, Germans, Serbs, Gypsies, Ukrainians, Bulgarians, Slovaks, Jews, Czechs, Croats, etc.) on a limited territory. One of the most interesting (sometimes even reffered to as “mysterious”) communities of Banat is the Catholic Christian population of the Karashevo microregion in Romania. There, the Krashovani Slavic dialect belonging to the Torlak dialect of Serbo-Croatian language is spoken in the village of Carașova, and the Krashovani Romanian dialect belonging to Banat Romanian continuum is spoken in the village of Iabalcea. This ethnolinguistic situation can be described not just as an intimate language contact, but as a symbiotic interaction, considering that Krashovani from these two villages share religion, identity and traditional values, but use different languages in their everyday communication. Our research focuses on the ways in which lexical and cultural codes interact in this community in 21th century. In order to explore this interaction, I examined the vocabulary of the traditional Krashovani wedding using a specifically elaborated bilingual questionnaire during my fieldwork in the microregion.
    [Show full text]
  • Closing the Gap Juanda1, Stefan Schwarze2, Stephan Von Cramon-Taubadel3 1
    The Access of Microenterprises to Commercial Microcredit in Aceh Besar: Closing the Gap Juanda1, Stefan Schwarze2, Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel3 1. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tropical and International Agriculture, Germany; 2. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Germany; 3. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Germany Introduction . Reducing poverty has become an essential part of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and need to achieve. Microenterprises (MEs) have played an important role in rural developmental activities and were long recognized as vital in poverty alleviation in Indonesia. The developing world has in fact led the way in promoting the importance of rural finance. Access to commercial services is restricted in rural areas and the services can not meet the demand for financial services by rural households. Many microenterprises belong to poor and they are unable to provide collateral. Objectives Credit Limit There were two objectives formulated in this research: . In Indonesia, the official definition of microcredit covers all loans under IDR 50 million 1. To provide a review for the gap between the number of microenterprises (approximately US$5,500). being assisted and the overall number who might need assistance. Only seven percent of microenterprises have credit limit above IDR 50 million (Figure 4). 2. To determine effect of determinant factors which were found in research Figure 4. Credit limit of MEs area to ownership of standard collateral for access to microcredit. 1% Material and Methods 7% IDR, 1 US$ ≈ IDR9000 Figure 1. Map of Aceh Besar District 10% 0 40% • The Research was >0-10 million conducted in Aceh >10-20 million Besar Dist., Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam 42% >20-50 million Prov., Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Matematika És Természettudományok
    A MAGYAR TUDOMÁNYOS AKADÉMIA KUTATÓHELYEINEK 2008. ÉVI TUDOMÁNYOS EREDMÉNYEI I. Matematika és természettudományok Budapest 2009 A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia matematikai és természettudományi kutatóhelyeinek beszámolói alapján – az intézmények vezet ıinek aktív közrem őködésével – szerkesztették az MTA Titkársága Kutatóintézeti F ıosztályának, valamint a Támogatott Kutatóhelyek Irodájának a munkatársai Banczerowski Januszné f ıosztályvezet ı Heged ős Kisztina Herczeg György Horváth Csaba Redler László Idei Miklós ISSN 2060-680X F.k.: Banczerowski Januszné Akaprint Kft. F.v.: Freier László 2 TARTALOMJEGYZÉK El ıszó ............................................................................................................ 5 A táblázatokkal kapcsolatos megjegyzések .................................................... 7 Matematikai és természettudományi kutatóintézetek Atommagkutató Intézet................................................................................. 11 Földrajztudományi Kutatóintézet.................................................................. 27 Geodéziai és Geofizikai Kutatóintézet.......................................................... 36 Geokémiai Kutatóintézet............................................................................... 46 Izotópkutató Intézet....................................................................................... 56 Kémiai Kutatóközpont .................................................................................. 67 Kémiai Kutatóközpont Anyag- és Környezetkémiai Intézet........................
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Recent Changes in Agrarian Systems of the Microregion Of
    Semina: Ciências Agrárias ISSN: 1676-546X [email protected] Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brasil Soares Júnior, Dimas; Pédelahore, Philippe; Ralisch, Ricardo; Cialdella, Nathalie Recent changes in agrarian systems of the Microregion of Toledo and Northern Pioneer Territory in Paraná State, Brazil Semina: Ciências Agrárias, vol. 38, núm. 2, marzo-abril, 2017, pp. 699-714 Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=445750711014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p699 Recent changes in agrarian systems of the Microregion of Toledo and Northern Pioneer Territory in Paraná State, Brazil Transformações recentes nos sistemas agrários na microrregião de Toledo/PR e no território Norte Pioneiro Paranaense Dimas Soares Júnior1*; Philippe Pédelahore2; Ricardo Ralisch3; Nathalie Cialdella2 Abstract During the period of 1950 through 2000, a green-revolution-based model mostly for commodities boosted global agricultural production. From the 70’s, this design became consolidated in Brazil and other countries because of policies and strategies by states and private groups. However, some doubts has been raised on its environmental and socioeconomic issues, in special for family farming. This study aimed to contribute by identifying changes and resistance in agricultural structures, systems and demographic aspects of this model and its adoption by farmers. It was carried out in the state of Paraná – Brazil, within the microregion of Toledo and in the northern pioneer area, which represent the history and diversity of this state about socioeconomic and human aspects, as well as technical development.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Place Theory Reloaded and Revised: Political Economy and Landscape Dynamics in the Longue Durée
    land Editorial Central Place Theory Reloaded and Revised: Political Economy and Landscape Dynamics in the Longue Durée Athanasios K. Vionis * and Giorgos Papantoniou * Department of History and Archaeology, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.K.V.); [email protected] (G.P.) Received: 12 February 2019; Accepted: 18 February 2019; Published: 21 February 2019 1. Introduction The aim of this contribution is to introduce the topic of this volume and briefly measure the evolution and applicability of central place theory in previous and contemporary archaeological practice and thought. Thus, one needs to rethink and reevaluate central place theory in light of contemporary developments in landscape archaeology, by bringing together ‘central places’ and ‘un-central landscapes’ and by grasping diachronically upon the complex relation between town and country, as shaped by political economies and the availability of natural resources. It is true that 85 years after the publication of Walter Christaller’s seminal monograph Die zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland [1], the significance of his theory has been appreciated, modified, elaborated, recycled, criticised, rejected and revised several times. As Peter Taylor and his collaborators [2] (p. 2803) have noted, “nobody has a good word to say about the theory”, while “the influence of a theory is not to be measured purely in terms of its overt applications”. Originally set forth by a German geographer, central place theory, once described as geography’s “finest intellectual product” [3] (p. 129), sought to identify and explicate the number, size, distribution and functional composition of retailing and service centres or ‘central places’ in a microeconomic world [4] (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Mendel University in Brno
    Mendel 5 et 1 N 0 22 2 years Editors: Ondřej Polák, Radim Cerkal, Natálie Březinová Belcredi Proceedings of International PhD Students Conference November 11 and &'! 2015 Brno, Czech Republic Mendel University in Brno Faculty of Agronomy Proceedings of International PhD Students Conference Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic November 11 and 12, 2015 Published by Mendel University in Brno. www.mendelu.cz Copyright © 2015, by Mendel University in Brno. All rights reserved. All papers of the present volume were peer-reviewed by two independent reviewers. Acceptance was granted when both reviewers’ recommendations were positive. The Conference MendelNet 2015 was realized thanks to: the special fund for a specific university research according to the Act on the Support of Research, Experimental Development and Innovations granted by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, and the support of: Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Plc. Datagro s.r.o. DRUMO, spol. s r.o. !"N$%&' )'*T,-)&./.!. DYNEX TECHNOLOGIES, spol. s r.o. PELERO CZ o.s. B O R, s.r.o. Profi Press s. r. o. ISBN 978-80-7509-363-9 Editors: !"#$%!&T()$*+,./$ 011+2#$*3+4#$ !"#$56&78$9(3.6, , Ph.D., !"#$:6;,7($<T(=7!+>$<(,23(&7/$*?#@# Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic. Committee Members: Section Plant Production Prof. Ing. Ra &+>6!$*+.+3!"/$*?#@#$B9?67386!C 011+2#$*3+4#$D;6!71,6>$E()&F./ Ph.D. 011+2#$*3+4#$G,6&783$D8F;!"/ Ph.D. !"#$I68636$@3J,+>/$* h.D. <2#$ !"#$L>6$D6M.+>/ Ph.D. Section Animal Production Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Lengyel, Imre Conference Paper The role of clusters in the development of Hungarian city-regions 50th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Sustainable Regional Growth and Development in the Creative Knowledge Economy", 19-23 August 2010, Jönköping, Sweden Provided in Cooperation with: European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Suggested Citation: Lengyel, Imre (2010) : The role of clusters in the development of Hungarian city-regions, 50th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Sustainable Regional Growth and Development in the Creative Knowledge Economy", 19-23 August 2010, Jönköping, Sweden, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/118863 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia
    World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site.
    [Show full text]
  • Dziennik Urzędowy Województwa Warmińsko-Mazurskiego
    DZIENNIK URZĘDOWY WOJEWÓDZTWA WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIEGO Olsztyn, dnia 18 lipca 2014 r. Poz. 2604 UCHWAŁA NR XLVIII/324/14 RADY MIEJSKIEJ W ORZYSZU z dnia 25 czerwca 2014 r. w sprawie przyjęcia Programu Opieki nad Zabytkami Gminy Orzysz na Lata 2014-2017. Na podstawie art. 18 ust. 2 pkt 15 ustawy z dnia 8 marca 1990 r. o samorządzie gminnym (Dz. U. 2013.594 z późn. zm.) oraz art. 87 ust. 3 ustawy z dnia 23 lipca 2003 r. o ochronie zabytków i opiece nad zabytkami (Dz. U. z 2003r. Nr 162 poz. 1568 z późn. zm.) Rada Miejska w Orzyszu uchwala, co następuje: § 1. Przyjmuje się Program Opieki nad Zabytkami Gminy Orzysz na Lata 2014-2017, stanowiący załącznik nr 1 do niniejszej uchwały. § 2. Wykonanie uchwały powierza się Burmistrzowi Orzysza. § 3. Uchwała wchodzi w życie z dniem podjęcia i podlega ogłoszeniu w Dzienniku Urzędowym Województwa Warmińsko-Mazurskiego. Przewodniczący Rady Wiesław Wasilewski Dziennik Urzędowy Województwa Warmińsko-Mazurskiego – 2 – Poz. 2604 Załącznik Nr 1 do Uchwały Nr XLVIII/324/14 Rady Miejskiej w Orzyszu z dnia 25 czerwca 2014 r. PROGRAM OPIEKI NAD ZABYTKAMI GMINY ORZYSZ NA LATA 2014-2017 Orzysz, styczeń 2014 r. Dziennik Urzędowy Województwa Warmińsko-Mazurskiego – 3 – Poz. 2604 SPIS TREŚCI 1.WSTĘP .................................................................................................................................................. 3 2.PODSTAWA PRAWNA OPRACOWANIA PROGRAMU OPIEKI NAD ZABYTKAMI ........................................ 4 3.UWARUNKOWANIA PRAWNE OCHRONY I OPIEKI NAD ZABYTKAMI W POLSCE ...................................
    [Show full text]
  • As Exemplified by the Population Labour Mobility
    Geographia Technica, Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2015, pp 66 to 76 AGGLOMERATION EFFECTS OF THE BRNO CITY (CZECH REPUBLIC) AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE POPULATION LABOUR MOBILITY Vilém PAŘIL, Josef KUNC, Petr ŠAŠINKA, Petr TONEV, Milan VITURKA1 ABSTRACT: Labour mobility (or, formally, travels to work) is the most significant region-shaping process creating agglomeration hinterlands of all larger cities. The South-Moravian Region and the city of Brno, which, with the population of 400,000, is its natural centre, represent the model region for this article. Based on performed research work the article would like to introduce and verify the potential of labour mobility of the region's inhabitants in relation to the expected potential salary/wage, transport time and distance from the centre - these belong among the principal economic motivators for travelling to work. Agglomeration effects of the Brno City are therefore perceived in the context of space and time while emphasizing transport costs, transport facilities and the effect of labour mobility itself. Key-words: Agglomeration effect, Transport, Travels to work, Mobility, accessibility, Regional development, City of Brno, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. 1. INTRODUCTION The concept of agglomeration effects, or advantages, was established in the late 1900s when the English economist Alfred Marshall identified the mechanisms (principles) used by individual businesses to agglomerate or create mutual bonds. The concept explains concentration of activities at a place, through which they are provided an added value, extra profit, simplification of activities or cost saving (Rosenthal & Strange, 2008). These mechanisms can be classified in various ways. Kitchin and Thrift (2009) divide them into agglomeration advantages focused on flexibility and dynamics (sharing of services and infrastructure, transport cost reduction, proximity of the labour force source) and agglomeration advantages focused on innovation (sharing of know-how, experience).
    [Show full text]
  • Analiza Zmian W Zagospodarowaniu Przestrzennym Gminy Orzysz
    P LANOWANIE PRZESTRZEN NE I OBSŁUGA NIERUCHOMOŚC I ul. Srebrna 8/42, 10 – 698 Olsztyn, Tel. 664 – 026 - 310 E-mail: [email protected] strona internetowa www.esprit.net.pl ANALIZA ZMIAN W ZAGOSPODAROWANIU PRZESTRZENNYM GMINY ORZYSZ Autorzy opracowania mgr inż. Michał Romański mgr inż. Anna Godlewska Olsztyn, marzec 2018 ANALIZA ZMIAN W ZAGOSPODAROWANIU PRZESTRZENNYM GMINY ORZYSZ S P I S T R E Ś C I 1. WPROWADZENIE ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1. PODSTAWA PRAWNA .................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2. PRZEDMIOT ANALIZY ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3. CEL OPRACOWANIA ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4. METODOLOGIA OCENY ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.5. CHARAKTERYSTYKA GMINY ORZYSZ ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.5.1. SIEĆ OSADNICZA .........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]