Savage Arms: An Overview of the History, Development, and Cla~s~cationof the .32 and -380 Semi-automatic

W~ldemarM. Goulet, Ph.D.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The Man

Arthur William Savage was born May 13, 1857 in Kingston, Jamaica, ancl educatecl in Baltimore, Maryland, and in En- gland. His experiences were those of a cattleman in Australia (where he also became a prisoner of the aborigines for more than a year); a coffee planter in the West Indies; and an inventor of the Savage Dirigible Torpedo, which wds adopted by the Brazilian navy. After selling one of his inventions (an improvement of the British ), he decided to remain in New York, whcre lie became the Superintendent of the Utica The Patents Beltline Railroad. He continued his work on , know- ing that competing with the esrablished firms of Winchester, The patent date on the Savage is November 21, 1905, Remington, and Colt would reqidre the development of an the date on which two patents, numbers 804,984 and entirely new and useful . 804,985, were issued to Elbert Hamilton Searle, who earlier was an Ordnance Ofticer at Springfield Armory. It is interest- ing to note that William Daviclson Condit, an investor, was The Company assigned 75% of the rights to Searle's patent.' The connections between Arthur W. Savage, Elbert H. He founded the Savage Kepeating Arms Company on April 5, Searle, and William D. Condit leading to the Ekavage Arms 1894, in Utica, New York. The company began with Savage's Company's use of Searle's patent is not known with certainty. newly designed firearm, which consisted of a rotary maga- What is known is that Condit sent a letter on 24June 1904 to zine, in a lever rifle called the "model 1895,"This was Captain T. A. Dickson seeking infornration on the to followed by his most famous product, the Savage model be used in pistols submitted to the Ordnance Department for 1899, which most collectors today know as the model '99, It testing. More than a year afterward, on 11 October 1905, was through this company that he arranged for the manufac- Condit and Searle presented a pistol to Captain T. A. Dickson, ture of the model 1895 by the Marlin Firearms Company. of the Ordnance Department.2 Furthermore, 2 years later, on In 1897, the company's name was changed to the 22 August 1907, Searle was representing the Savage Arms Company and continued with the manufacture Company when he met with members of the Ordnance of the model 1899, Although the company also produced Department to discuss their required ~hangcs.~Earlier in other successfi~lproduct lines, such as ammunition, reload- 1906, Condit "announced that the automatic pistol which he ing tools, sights, charge cups, and melting pots and covers, by designed and wished to have tested would be represented by 1905 the company was aware of sales by Colt of its .32 the Sdvage Arms Company."" semiautomatic pistol and wished to go after a portion of that The prior activities suggest that Condit was both market. Although Arthur Savage sold his portion of the Searle's backer and broker. As his broker, he probably company in 1904, he continued to manage the business until brought Searle to Savage, which led to the Savage Arms 1911. Company's first .32 caliber pistol, the 1907 model.

Reprinted from the American Society of Arms Collectors Bulletin 81:53-62 Additional articles available at http://americansocietyofarmscollectors.org/resources/articles/ PISTOLS WIJFACTURED Table 1 Savage Pistol Production Automatics Number Highest Caliber Produced Serial # Savage manufactured a total of 272,915 semi-automatic pis- .32 245,375 259,472 tols in the numbers, ranges, and shown in Table 1. ,380 27,215 29,972 Although the .45 and .25 caliber pistols are reported in these .45 300 288 totals, they are not discussed, unless pertineilt to a topic, -25 25 1,014 - because each is a unique story in itself. Totals 4 272,9 15 NIA Among the .32 and the .380 calibers regularly manufac- tured by Savage between 1908 and 1928, the company had developed 25 varjations of the standard pistols. In addition to place. The term molltfication is used to refer to ininor these standard pistols, the company produced pistols with changes within an issue.' nickel, silver, or gold plating; with three eiigraving levels, The first three columns of l'able 3 list all of the models grade A, grade R, and grade C; and with or without pearl and changes made by the company. This numbering systcm is grips. As with other types of firearms, they also produced a succinct way to quickly identify these pistols, Unfortunately accessories and a number of interesting advertisements Carr's numbering system and definitions do not facilitate a (Figures 7 and 8). method to easily count issues and modifications. Savage had three models in both the .32 caliber ancl thc Nonetheless, within this classification scheme, I have ,380 caliber pistols: the 1907 model, the 1.915model, and the added certain information in Table 3 for the reader to quickly 1917 model, James R. Carr, in his book Savage Automatic see by year: the numbering system, the MIM (model, issue, pistol^,^ and Bill West, in his book Savage and Stez~ensArms modification) totals, the quantity per year, the serial number ranges, and thc scarcity rank. These numbers were compiled ~5Histo y,"analyzed Savage standard production records and by analyzing production records, model approximations, pistols. Each author's findings logically led to a chronological noting the opinions of other writers, and the integration of organization and description of those firearms. Both writers did an excellent job; however, James C:arr developed a more usable classification scheme, which will be described as each caliber is discussed.

The .32 Caliber Pistols

The .32 caliber pistol weighed 19 ounces, had barrel and total lengths of 3.75" and 6.5",respectively, and held 10 rounds in the clip. 'l'hey were balanced, shot accurately, yet were not without a somewhat unpleasant recoil after extensive target shooting. They were often advertised as "10-shots quick" and frequently shown being used defensively. A production breakdown by model, number made, and percent of total .32 caliber production is shown in Fable 2. Figure 1. Model 1907, -32callher, Savage Automatic Ykt~l. Table 2 .32 Caliber Pistol Production Definition oj'Models Number % of Model Produced Total Each model was given its model number by the Savage Arms 1907 200,801 85.50 Company. Carr also assigned issue numbers and modification 1915 6,502 2.65 numbers as a means of succinctly class@ing pistols. His 1917 29,072 11.85 definition of "issue" numbers is reserved for representing - Totals 3 245,375 100.00 those years in which a major change in a pistol initially took Table 3 32 Caliber Production, Scarcity, and Ranges Scarcity Serial Number M, 1, M Quantity Model Issue % Rank Totals Year Per Year Start End Viewed 0 1.43 2 3,000 1908 2,000 2,000 1909 1,000 3,000 1 4,100 1909 4,100 7,100 12 1,300 1909 1,300 8,400 2 2,580 1909 2,580 10,980 1 8,520 1909 4,020 15,000 1910 4,500 19,500 2 45,500 1910 11,000 30,500 1911 20,000 50,500 1912 14,500 65,000 Trans 15,500 1912 15,500 80,500 1 7,400 1913 7,400 87,900 2 17,100 1913 12,100 100,000 1914 5,000 105,000 213 19,000 1914 10,750 115,750 1915 8,250 124,000 3 23,000 1915 6,000 130,000 1915 ? 137,690 1916 0 150,000 1916 16,752 166,752 1917 248 167,000 9,300 1917 9,300 176,300 8,300 1917 7,700 184,000 1917 500 184,500 1918 100 184,600 18,800 1918 1,246 185,846 1919 17,554 203,400 26,40 1 1919 20,450 223,850 1920 5,95 1 229,801 6,502 1915 6,379 136,379 1916 123 136,502 15,199 1920 11,199 241,000 1921 4,000 245,000 13.873 1921 750 245,750 1922 270 246,020 1922 0 246,6 1 9 1926 12,853 259,472

The ancl the % entries in the modification column indicate a serial number range where two modifications overlap. A weighting scheme was utilized to assign the overlap to one, or the other, of the modifications.

these into final approximations. A brief description of each ramp, barrel diameter, extractor, , inspector markings, pistol's physical characteristics associated with its identifica- and the clip (). A number of these are presented tion number will demonstrate this table's utility. throughout the discussion. The external chwacteristics are The characteristics are internal, incernal/external, or discussed later and have been chosen to facilitate the initial external. The internal characteristics iilclude the breech- identification of each pistol type and to simplify the explana- block (bolt), the sears ancl sear mechanisms, ejectors, barrel tion and usage of the numbering (classification) system. lugs, and firing pins. Those characteristics that may require Frequently the 1907 model is referred to as the 07, and both internal and external observations include the cartridge similarly for the 1915 and the 1917 models. THE MODELS AND THEIK CIIANGES for a cartridge indicator, the installation of a cartridge indicator, ancl the addition of a safety lock hole (which did Be '07 Model not alter the appearance of the safety). The second classifica- tion number assigned to the 1913 issue, 07 13 2, because the The "der~elopmen.talpistols." The inithl entry in Table 3, 07 word "Savage," in large caps, was added to the frame's left 08 0, represents a pistol with the following characteristics: side; and at approximately 100,000, the slide inscription was the serial nurnbcr is found on the underside of the frame changed to the third type: (above and to the front of the trigger guard), there are steel "S;tvnge Arms Co.,Utica, N.Y. U.S.A. Cal. 32. grips, there is no "Safc" and no "Fire" stamped near the l'atcntrd Novcmbcr 21, 1905-7.65. M-M." safety, the safety shows a "flanged-pad," the slide has a plain Finally, the third 1913 category, 07 13 3, is reserved for the ejection port, thc slide has vertical, narrow ribs, and the military model with its lat~yardring. These models were sold inscription on the slide reads: to Prance and to Portugal, "Mun~faclurcdby Swagc Arms Co. The 07 17 1 pistol no longer l~asSAVAGE on its side, the Iltica, N.Y. I1.S.A. Rlt. Nov. 21, 1905." lanyard ring has no longer been installed, and a reworked The second entry, 07 09 I, represents a pistol that is ,380 clip has frequently been uscd. different from the earlier entry, because it has a full-circled, The next pistol discussed, 07 17 2, l~asa barrel that is no checkered, safety lever, and a thinner barrel lug. longer cut for the cartridge indicator and of course no longer Entry 07 09 2 difers from its predecessor in that it has: a has the cartridge indicator. %-circled,checkered, safety lever, atld the cartridge ramp is The "Jinalpistols. " The next two pistols, sometimes deeper and wider (after serial number 10,000). called the "late models," may better be rcferrecl to as "final The thrcc model variations discussed above all had models" for the 1907 .32 caliber pistol. metal grips and will be referred to as thc "Developmental Thc slide inscription, the fourth type, shown in the 07 Pistols." By 19 10, the company had at1 extensive advertising 19 1 pistol, now rcads: campaign (Figures 9 and 10), and sales substantially in- "Savage Arnls Corp. Utica, N.Y. 1I.S.A. Cal. 32. creased. Perhaps this is the reason people frequently, but I'atmted Novcmber 21, 1905-7.65. M-M." erroneously, refer to the 1907 model as the 1910 model. The vaniations from 1910 through 1917 in the '07 model are thought The slide has 28 narrow serrations (teeth), the finish is now of as the "Improvecl Pistols," which are discussed next. dull; early pistols within this modification appeared gray, The "improved pistols." The first of the "improved whereas later pistols appcared black-blue, the slide is no models" is 07 10 1, which differs from prior inodels with its longer cut for the cartridge indicator, and the clip is no longer n~bbcrgrips, and thc second type of slide inscriptioti, which a rework. compared with thc prior slidc inscription is reduced in size, l'he last of the 1907 pistols, 07 19 2, had the hmer although the words are thc same. changed to the spur type. Note, however, that spur hammers The next entry, 07 10 2, is associated with the moving could have been special ordered beginning in 1914. of thc serial number to a higher position on the framc, that is, at the very front. Furthermore, "Fire" and "Safc" are now stamped in the lowcr and uppcr positions, respectively. These changes probably emanated from the Field Rcport from Troop 1, Third Calvary. The following notation was made by Major Brown on August 1, 1909: "there should he stamped on the left side of the franlc along sidc the two positions of the safety lock the words 'ready' and 'safe' . . ."."

me "transition pistol. " Wien the sight was molded as an integral part of the frame, the changed pistol later became known as thc "transition model," and it is identified as 07 12 Trans, For the pistols manufactured in 1913, thrcc classifica- tion numbers are required to identify changes. The first is 07 13 1, which is differentiated from prior pistols by a barrel cut Figure 2. Model 191 5, -32caliber, Savage Automatic Pistol. The '15 Model thcse grips are attached with screws. Furthermore, the Savage logo was no longer round and was changed from the The 1915 model was produced in 1915 and 1916 and head of an Indian encircled to an ellipse enclosing an Indian serialized within the production numbers of the 1907 model. with a raised rifle. Many of the 1917 models were produced The first .32 caliber was manufactured in April 1915, starting simultaneously with the late production 1907 model "Final at 130,000.This serial number was selected by Savage in 1914 Pistol" types, Approximately halfway through the produc- in the production planning process for this model. tion of the 1917 model, a legend was added to the frame. The 1915 model weighed 2 ounces more than the 1907 There are two reference numbers for the 1917 model. model. The slide inscription (which never changed) read: As given in Table 3, the first is 17 20 0, which indicates a "Savage Arms (:o.Illica, N.Y. U.S.A. (:al. 32 pistol having the frame widened and flared at bottom with I'atented Novembcr 21, 1905-7.65 M-M" the new type of grips installed. The second reference, 17 22 The normal finish for the 1915 model vas bright blue, and 0, has the legend "Savage 1917 Model" on the right side. most models had the word SAVACX on the left side of thc In the 1920s, sales declined because of gun laws and frame. The words "Fire" and "Safe" were stamped near the possibly because of the Doughboys' familiarity with the Colt safety, and these pistols had black rubber grips imprinted 1911; sales ended in 1926. with the Indian head encircled. The clip capacity, like the The .380Luliber Pistols 1907 model, was 10 rounds; however, the clips were not interchangeable because the newer clip's (magazine) fol- The ,380 caliber pistol weighed 21 ounces, had baml and lower had a lip that projected out thc clip's top to operate the total lengths of 4.25" and 7,0", respectively, and held nine slide hold-open lever after the last round is loaded. rounds in the clip. The scnial numbers began at 2000 and This pistol's reference number is 15 00 0, with the went to 29,972. They were better balanced than the .32 following easily observable characteristics: a slide holcl-open caliber, shot accurately, and were somewhat pleasant to use lever was designed and installed to retain the slide, a grip for target shooting. Late in their production, the advertising safety has been installed, and the hammer has been shrouded. changed to emphasize that even with the nine-round clip they could be quick to shoot 10 shots (but they were never ?;be '17 Model known, as was the .32 caliber, as "10 Shots Quick"). A production breakdown by model, number made, and The redesigning of this model occurred in 1917; however, percent of total .380 caliber production is show11 in Table 4. because of the 1918 production of Lewis machine guns, and the sales of the 1907 model in 1918 and 1919, the 1917 model was not introduced until 1920. Each of the models was given its model number by the Savage The distinguishing physical characteristic of the 1917 Arms Company. The first three columns of Table 5 list the model is the size and contour of the grip. The frame, in the three models and use the classification number to identify the area of the grip, has been widened and flared, and a new style major and minor changes within each model. The comments of grip was designed. Unlike thr 1907 and tile 1915 models, written for clarifying Table 5 are identical to those explana- tions given earlier for Table 3. The cha~ictrristicsof the ,380 caliber pistol generally parallel the .32 caliber pistol, and, like those of the .32 models, are internal, internal/external, or external. The internal characteristics include the breechblock (bolt), the

Table 4 .380 Caliber Pistol Production

Number % of Modcl Produced Total 1907 9,849 36.19 1915 3,900 14.33 -1917 13,466 49.48 Totals 3 27.2 15 100.00 Figure 3. Model 1917, .32 caliber, Savage Autumatlc Pistol. I Table 5 .380 Caliber Production, Scarcity, and Ranges Scarcity Serial Numbcr M, I, M Quantity Model Issue Modil. 8 Rank Totals Year Per Yr Start End Viewed

I None manufactured in this range - 1 2,000 07 13 1 3.55 2 350 1913 350 2,001 2,350 07 13 2 44.67 6 4,400 1913 3,267 2,351 5,617 a1913 233 5,618 6,000 b1914 148 6,00 1 6,248 1914 752 6,249 7,000 07 13 2.3 - - - a1913 383 5,6 18 6,000 b1914 248 6,00 1 6,248 07 13 3 2.54 I 250 a1913 150 5,618 6,000 b1914 100 6,001 6,248 07 13 4 30.46 5 3,000 1914 1,973 7,00 1 8,973 1915 1,027 8,974 10,000 - - - 0 1918 0 - 07 19 0 8.12 3 799 1919 729 13,901 14,629 1920 70 14,630 14,699 07 20 0 10.66 4 1,050 1920 1,050 14,700 15,748 15 00 0 100.00 1 3,900 1915 3,500 10,001 13,500 1916 250 13,501 13,750 1917 150 13,751 13,900 17 20 I 43.46 1 5,852 1920 5,851 15,749 21,600 17 20 2 56.54 2 7,614 1920 400 21,601 22,000 1921 904 22,001 22,904 1922 796 22,905 23,700 1923 775 23,701 24,475 1924 765 24,476 25,240 1925 552 25,241 26,550 1926 760 26,551 27,310 1927 2,090 27,3 11 29,400 1928 572 29,401 29,972

The % entry in the modification column indicates a serial number range where two modifications overlap. A weighting scheme was utilized to assign thc overlap to either modification 2 or 3.

sears and sear mechanisms, ejectors, barrel lugs, and firing following characteristics remain the same throughout the pins. Those characteristics that may require both internal and ,380'sentire serial range: molded sights, a 3/4 round-checkered external observations include the cartridge ramp, barrel safety, a wide and deep cartridge ramp, clip has high slot for diameter, extractor, trigger, inspector markings, and the clip magazine catch, magazine release has notched lever at (magazine). bottom, the dimensioiis remain at ,355 for the barrel's The external characteristics are discussed later and interior, ,468 for the exterior, for the lug at 5l36. The recoil have been chosen to facilitate the initial identification of each spring docs not change throughout the ,380 models; how- pistol type and to simpl* the explanation and usage of the ever, it was increased from the dimensions of the .32 caliber. classification system. The first of these ,380 models, 07 13 1, also had the following characteristics: the slide inscription (initial type for THE MODELS AND THEIR CHANGES the ,380models) reads: 7be '07 Model "Manufactured By Smge Arms (:o. CAL. Utica, N.Y. 1J.S.A. Pat-Nov. 2 1, 1905 380" The '07 model, ,380 caliber, incorporates the improvements The space between the inscriptioil lines on the ,380 made to the .32 caliber, 1907 model, issue 13-1 pistols. The caliber models is probably due to the area needed for the Figure 4. Model 1907, .3RO caliber, Savage Automatic PistoL Figure 5. Model 1915, .380 caliber, Savage Automatic Pbtol. sight plain; and for visual reasons is shown double spaced (as me '1.5 Model above) throughout this section. Many of the serial numbers were preceded by the letter The 1915 model was produced in tlie 1915 to 1917 years and, B for this pistol type. like the .32 caliber model, was serialized within the produc- By classification number 07 13 2, all pistols have a "B" tion numbers of the 1907 model. The first ,380 caliber was after the serial number, the breechblock is improved, and the manufactured in January 1915, starting at serial number sear is improved. 10,000 and eliding in 1919 at 13,900. The next type is 07 13 3, a military pistol sellt to The 1915 model, at 23 ounces, weighed 2 ounces more C:olumbia; it is not known whether they had lanyard rings or than the 1907 model. The slide inscription, the second type special markings. If any were sent to Porti~gal,they would for the .380 model reads: have an anchor on them. The last type of the 07 13 issue, 07 13 4, had no lanyard "Savagc Arms Co. Utica, N.Y. IJ3.A. Cd. 380 -( Patcntcd Nov. 21, 1905. 9. M/M" ring (because it was not a military pistol), the word Suuuge + appears on the left side, and the trigger pin is installed in the The normal finish for the 1915 model was bright blue, front part of the trigger, and most niodels had the word SAVAGE on the left side of the The fiiral two issues of the 1907 model had their slide frame. The words Fire and Safe are stamped near the safety, inscriptions chaiiged. By 1919, the slide contained the and these pistols had black rubber grips imprinted with the second type of inscription for the ,380 caliber models, This Indian head encircled. The clip capacity, like the ,380 1907 type is now classified as 07 19 0, and its slide inscription model, was nine rounds; however, as with the 1915 .32 reads: caliber pistol, the clips were not irlterchangeable because of the uniquc follower required to accommodate tlie slide "Savage Arms Co.,Lltica, N.Y. 1J.S.A. Gal. 380 hold-open lever. -( Patented Nov. 21, 1905. + 3 M/M" This pistol's reference number is 15 00 0, with the There is no "Savage" on the left side of the frame, a spur following easily observable characteristics: a slide hold-open (cocking lever) hammer rcplaces the burr hammer, the finish lever was designed and installed to retain the slide, a grip is dull black-blue, there is no longer a cartridge indicator safety has been installed, and the hammer has been shrouded. (however, the barrel is grooved), aiid the slide is cut for a Because of its lack of sales, and increased production cartridge indicator. costs, few 1915 models were produced (even fewer than the 'The final 1907 pistol type, now assigned the 07 20 0 serial range would indicate because some numbers were number, contains the third type of slide inscription, which skipped), and this model was short-lived. reads: "Savagc Arms Cory. Utica, N.Y. I1.S.A. Cal. 380. The '17 Model Patented Novcmber 21, 1905,-3 M-M." The slide now has 28 narrow serations (teeth), the barrel no This model was produced from 1920 through 1928, for an longer is cut for a load indicator, and the ejection port is no estimated total of 13,466 units. longer cut for the load indicator. The most obvious changes are iil the grip arca. The Figure 6. Model 1917, -380 caliber, Savage A~itornaticPistol.

frame has been widened aiid flared. l'he new style of grip has the new Savage emblem of an Indian with a raised rifle enclosed in an ellipse required screws. The third type of ,380 slide inscription is used on both types of tlie 1917 lssue and reads: Figure 7. Sava e Arms Lo o a earlng in their advcrthements and on the grips of kc1907 an% 19% model pistols. "Savagc Arms Corp. Utica, N.Y. I1.S.A. Cal. 380. I'atcntrtl Novrillber 21, 1905-9M-M." 'I'here are two reference numbers for the 1917 model; indicator. And, iunlike the .32 caliber '17 model, the ,380'17 17 20 1 and 17 20 2. l'he 17 20 1 type diffcrs from the final model rarely has the legend "Savage 1917 Model" on the issues of the 1907 model ancl the 1915 model, because the '17 right sicle. pistols hwe the new, wider frame with its flared bottom and The production of tlie .380 caliber model endcd in its new type of grips. ?'he secoi~dreference, 17 20 2, 1928, 2 years after the termination of the .32 caliber produc- indicates a pistol whose barrel is no longer slotted for a load tion.

Figure 8. Sava e Arms logo a pcaring in later advertisements and Figure 9. An advertisement in the .lO10-1915period appealing to a on the grips of he1917 modefpistols. woman's ability and need for self-protection. 7. Carr, James R., Suvage Automatic Pistols. p. 22. (No other publishing data available). 8. Mcadows, Edward S., l1.S. Militaly Automatic Pislob 1894-1321). (Molinc, IL: Richard Ellis Publications,Inc., 1995), p. 244.

RIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Bady, Donald R., Automatic Pistols. (TJSA: Borden Publishing Company, 1956). Carr, James R., Suzjage Automatic Pistols. (No other available publishing data). Playderman, Norm, Flayderman's Guide to Antique Americun Firearms . . . and Values. (Northbrook, IL: DBI Books, Inc., 1994), edition 6. Hogg, Ian V., and Weeks, John, Pistok of The World. (Northfield, IL: Digest Books, Inc., 1982), revised edition. Kirnmel, Jay, Savage G . (Portland, OR: Corey/Stevens Publishing, Incorporated, 1990)) Fourth Print- ing, January 1997. Lambdin, Willaim, "Savage Automatic Pistols." Guns Figure 10. Tbe Tenderfoot's Turn was a small booklet explainhg the qwalities of the Savage pistol. Illustrated 1977, (Digest Books, Inc., 1977), edition 9. Masterson, W. R. "Bat," The Tendetfi)otTsTurn SUMMARY (Reprinted by: Packbasket Publications, P.O. Box 4293, This article concentrates on the standard, production Tumwater, WA 98501. Savage Arms Co., Utica, NY, 1909), .32 caliber and ,380 caliber models. Although no one knows edition 2. for certain how many of the nonstandard models were Mathews, J. Howard, Firearms Identification Volume I produced, it is known that among the approximately 272,600 The Laboratoy Examination of SmallArms Rzping Charac- pistols produced, there were three models each for the .32 teristics In Hand Guns and Notes on Automatic Guns. caliber and the .380 caliber. These six models include 25 (Meriden, CT: Charles C. Thomas, 1962). variations, 16 and 9 for the .32 caliber and the ,380 caliber Meadows, Edward S. U; S. Milituy Automatic Pistols pistols, respectively, for the collector to pursue. 1894-1 920. Moline, IL: Richard Ellis Publications, Inc., 1995. The end of this overview is the beginning of the Pollard, Hugh R. C., Capt. Automatic Pistols. (Old opportunity for the reader to learn more about the Savage Greenwich, CT: W. E. hc., 1921), (Reprint). semi-automatic pistols. Sell, Dflitt E., Collector's Guide to American Car- tridge . (Harrisburg, PA: The Stack Pole Company, 1963). NOTES Stern, Daniel K., Ten Shots Quick. (San Jose, CA: Globe Printing Co., 1967). 1. Kirnmel, Jay, Suvc&e 6 Stez~ensArms. Fourth l'rinti~lg,1997. (Portland, Strauss, Bob, and Strauss, Beverly, American Sporting OR: (:orey/Stevens Publishing, Incorporatrd, 1990), p. 137. 2. Mathews, J. Howard, Pirearms IdentificaNon Volume I: The Labora- Adz~ertising:Posters and Calendars. (Palatine, IL: Paulsons toy Examination of SmallArms, Kuliing Charucleristics tn Handguns and Litho Inc., 1987), volume 1, edition 1. Notes on Atrtomallc. Guns, (Meridan, CT: Charles (:. Thomas, 19621, p. 241. Suydm, C. R., U; S. Cartridges and Their Handguns 3. Hady, Donald B., Automatic Plslols. (Alhambra, CA:Borden Publishing Company, 1973), p. 245. 1795-1975. Second Printing, 1979, (North Hollywood, CA: 4. Barly, p. 157. Beinfeld Publishing, Inc., 1977). K., 5. Carr, James Savage Aulomatic Pistols, pp. 27 and 73. (No other West, Bill, SAVAGE and STEVENS Arms G Histoy. publishing data available). 6. Wcst, Bill, Saz~ugeand Stez~ensArms E- Histoy. Edition 1. (Whittier, (Whittier, CA: Stockton-Doty Trade Press, 1971), edition 1, CA: Stockton-DotyTrade Press, 1971), pp. 14-33 through 1441. 1971. Zhuk, A. R., The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Handguns, Daidone, Henry F., " 'Ten Shots Quick' The Savage Pistols und Revolvers of the World, 1870 to the Present. Model 1915 Pistol." me Gun Report, 35, No. 6, Nov., 1989. (English Language Translation, 1995; Frome, Somerset, En- I-Iansen, Neils R., "Savage Automatic Pistols." The Gun gland: Greenhill Books, London), 1995. Report, Vol. 13, No. 7, December 1967. Hoffschmidt, E. J., "Savage Model 1910 ." Journals The Amedcun Rzpeman. Vol., November 1959. Stem, Daniel K., "Savage Pocket Pistols," 7he Ameri- Raker, Richard L., "The Man Behind the Savage Auto- cun Rgemun, No., September, 1962. matic Pistol." The Gun Report, 14, 1968. Stem, Daniel K., "Savage Pistol Data" in the Dope Bag Billett, Bill (Major), "Savage Confilsion." Man at Arms, section. The American Rzpeman, Vol., No., 1963, 14:July, 1992. Stern, Daniel K., "The Savage Model 1915," Guns, Brower, Bailey, Jr., "Savage Automatic Pistols: A Study January 1967. of Savage Pistol Grips, Showing Their Design Differences & Taylor, Donald A., "The Hybrid Savage Automatic Mechanical Evolution." Man at Arms, 20: 1998. Pistol." The Gun Report, (19:5), October 1973.