Indiana State Board of Health [Entered as second-class matter at the Postoffice.]

VOLUME III. INDIANAPOLIS, FEBRUARY, 1901. NUMBER 2. 25 Cents a Year,

MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. Section, 28 counties, 651,836 inhabitants had 983 deaths,

T. HENRY DAVIS. M. D., PRESIDENT, Richmond which is a rate of 19.6, being 2.3 higher than the average E. D. LAUGHLIN, M. D VICE-PRESIDENT, Orleans for the State, and 5.2 higher than the corresponding J. N. HURTY, M. D., PH. D., SECRETARY, - Indianapolis JNO. H. FORREST, M. D., - - - - - Marion month last year. W. N.WlSHARD, M. D., - - - Indianapolis The counties which in February had deaths rates above the average for the whole State were, Blackford 18.8, The MONTHLY BULLETIN will be sent to all health officers and dep- Dekalb 20 2, Howard 19.1, Jay 17.9, St. Joseph 18.1 uties in the State. Health officers and deputies shall carefully read and file each copy for future reference. This is very important, for we expect Brown 28, Clinton 20, Henry 19.6, Decatur21.9, Fayette to print instructions, rules and general information, which it will be 22.1, Fountain 20., Johnson 21.8, Marion 18.5, Mont- necessary for officers to preserve. gomery 18.1, Owen 27.4, Putnam 25.4, Randolph 19, Rush 19.3, Shelby 17.6, Tippecanoe 18.1, Union 25, Vermillion 20.4, Wayne 25.3, Clark 26.9, Crawford 26, ABSTRACT OF MORTALITY STATISTICS, Daviess 24.7, Dearborn 21.6, Floyd 18.9, Jackson 20, FOR , Jefferson 23 8, Knox 21.8, Martin 23.8, Orange 24.6, Perry 22.1, Pike 21.5, Posey 25.6, Ripley 22.2, Sullivan The total number of deaths reported for the month was 20.4, 26.3, Vanderburgh 18.6, Washington 3,350, and the death rate is 17.3. For the corresponding 19.4. The county having the lowest death rate was month of last year, the deaths numbered 2,732, a rate of Pulaski, the rate being 5.5. 13.4. The deaths during the month, under 1 year of age CITIES : The cities of the State, showing a total popu- were 566, 1 to 5 inclusive 214, and 65 years and over 951. lation of 847,302, reported 1,200 deaths, a rate of 18.4, The deaths from all forms of pulmonary tuberculosis were which is .3 higher than the average for the State. For 411, as against 395 for February, 1900. The rate from the corresponding month last year, the total number of these figures is 193.2 per 100,000. deaths in cities was 1,073. caused 45 deaths, diphtheria 55, scarlet fever 23, measles The number of deaths under one year of age in the 19, whooping cough 27, pneumonia 608, diarrhoeal diseases cities was 207, which is 18.1% of the whole number of 8, cerebro spinal meningitis 43, influenza 324, cancer 86, deaths The number of deaths over 65 years of age was violence 96, smallpox 2. Pulmonary consumption, pneu- 276, which was 24.1% of the whole number of deaths. monia and influenza account for 39 per cent, of all deaths. COMPARISON OF CITIES AND COUNTRY : The A curiosity in the death table is the fact that the deaths country deaths number 2,150, which is a rate of 16.7, and from whooping cough were greater than from scarlet this rate is 1.7 lower than the city rate. The city con- fever, the figures being respectively, 27 and 23. Cancer sumption rate was 224 per 100,000, that for the country seems to be slowly on the increase. Among the deaths 177.5. The city typhoid rate was 27.6 and the country 21. from violence, we have to report the lynching of a negro Diphtheria, city rate 36.08, country 20.1; scarlet fever, at Terre Haute We note also there were 87 deaths due city 10.7, country 12.4; pneumonia, city 256.2, country to violence in February, 1900, and this February the 343.4; influenza, city 142 6, country 179.9; cancer, city number is 96. The two deaths from smallpox occurred, 62.9, country 35; violence, city 64.4, country 42. one in Daviess and the other in Lawrence county. CITIES BY CLASSES: Cities class A, having over SANITARY SECTIONS: The Northern Sanitary Sec- 50,000 population, report 309 deaths; a death rate of 17.6. tion, having a population of 839,835, and numbering 31 Cities class B, having 25,000 to 50,000 population, report counties, had 960 deaths, which is a rate of 14.8.* Com- 174 deaths; a rate of 19.2. Cities class C, having from pared with the corresponding month last year, this is an 10,000 to 25,000 population, report 314 deaths; a rate of increase of 2.4 and is 3.5 less than the average death rate 18.6. Cities class D, having from 5,000 to 10,000 popu for the State during the month. The Central Sanitary lation report 212 deaths, which is a death rate of 17. Section, 33 counties with 1,024,791 inhabitants, had 1,407, Cities class E, having a population under 5,000, report a rate of 17.8. This is .5 higher than the average rate 191 deaths, which is a rate of 20.5. for the the State, and is 3.8 higher than for the corre- The comparison by sanitary districts is given with a sponding month of last year. The Southern Sanitary chart on page 21. 14 MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.

SICKNESS IN INDIANA IN FEBRUARY, ROCHESTER: Dr. George Edgar Hoffman has been appointed health officer at Rochester in place of Dr. The usual morbidity reports show a decrease in sickness Crosby, who resigned on account of being attacked by in February as compared with the preceding month. The smallpox. Dr. Hoffman has taken hold of health affairs deaths also were fewer. The diseases which increased in with energy and undoubtedly will stay the smallpox area of prevalence were: Influenza, tonsilitis, rheuma- epidemic. He has the hearty support of his board. The tism, pleuritis, scarlet fever, measles, erysipelas, inflama- cases since January number forty, with no deaths. tion of bowels, cerebro-spinal meningitis. The diseases which decreased in area of prevalence were: Typhoid * * * fever, diphtheria, intermittent fever, whooping cough, VACCINATION : An amendment to the compulsory dysentery and infantum. There were 165 cases school law makes it illegal for health boards to order of smallpox reported and two deaths. The disease is still vaccination of school children as heretofore. The amend- mild. The deaths occurred one in Daviess and one in ment is to Senate Bill No. 201, entitled " An act concerning Lawrence county. the education of children," and is as follows: " Provided further, That no child in good mental and physical condi- SMALLPOX IN FEBRUARY. tion shall, for any cause, any rule or law to the contrary, be precluded from attending schools when such schools are There were 165 cases of smallpox and two deaths from in session " This proviso will prevent vaccination upon the disease reported in February as follows: Randolph penalty of exclusion from school, will permit children Co., 1; Daviess Co., 10 cases and 1 death; Monroe Co., 5; from infected houses to attend school, and will also pre- Marion Co., 17; Lake Co., 12; Dekalb Co , 18; Vigo Co., vent the disciplining of incorrigible students by send- 2; St. Joseph Co., 1; Elkhart Co., 2; Pike Co., 4; Dubois ing them home. Mr. George W. Louttit, member^of the Co., 2; Perry Co., 2; Newton Co., 3; Allen Co., 14; Assembly, from Allen county, who is an anti-vaccina- Lawrence Co., 70 cases and one death. tionist and a Christian Scientist, was the author of the The disease is still mild and frequently mistaken for amendment. chickenpox. One doctor in Lake county had the disease * and he and two other physicians regarded it as vaccinia, but now concede they were in error, because later the BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS: A short time ago the doctor's baby had unmistakable smallpox. Bureau of Animal Industry tested a herd of 102 cows belonging to a Government institution in the District of Columbia. Seventy-nine of these animals reacted, and as THE LABORATORY BILL. more than fifty of them were in good condition, without The bill creating a laboratory of hygiene under the visible signs of tuberculosis in the udder or elsewhere, it control of the State Board of Health and presented to was considered a favorable opportunity to test the infec- the Legislature, which adjourned March 11, failed to tiousness of the milk. The test to which reference will not become a law. It passed the Senate, and went smoothly be made was conducted by feeding the milk to guinea pigs. to third reading in the House, but was never handed The final results have not yet been reached, but a large down by the Speaker for final passage. All the influence proportion of these cows, over twenty-five per cent., gave which could be brought to bear upon the Speaker was milk which killed guinea pigs with tuberculosis in a very exerted, but he steadily refused to act. Afterward, in few weeks. Dr. Ravenel has been associated with similar explanation, the Speaker said from his desk: '-I have experimentation in with an even larger been accused of holding back the laboratory bill. This is number of cows, fourteen per cent, of which gave infec- not true. It was placed in its regular order, and the tious milk. Considering the number of cows experimented House adjourned before reaching it; besides the gentleman with, and the large percentage which produced infectious who introduced it into the Senate (Mr. Gutherie) re- milk, the results cannot be passed by as exceptional, and, quested me not to push it." It will be observed the consequently, we can no longer accept the statement that Speaker claims he did not hold it back, but says that there must be plain disease of the udder or evident ema- Senator Gutherie requested him " not to. push it." It is a ciation before the milk becomes infectious.—Dr. D. E. matter of deep regret that the Legislature was prevented Salmon. from acting on the bill. It is now two years since the ** pure food and drug law was passed, and still nothing is MILK FOR CHILDREN : The Leipzig Milk Inspec- done to enforce it. The State Board of Health, being tor Rules contain the following in relation to milk for chil- commanded by the food law to enforce the same, recom- dren : Milk for the use of children, infants, invalids, etc., mended to the Legislature that a laboratory be created to must be full milk, one quality, and can only be sold by those make possible the fulfillment of the law. The board also dealers who have received special permisson from the City recommended that the laboratory be used for looking after Council. A person who wishes to keep cows for the pur- the pollution of streams and doing certain diagnostic work pose of producing milk for children, etc., has to report his necessary in the prevention of disease. Of course, a intention to the City Council and request permission to do laboratory will come some day, for Indiana is certain to so. progress equally with other States. The requirements for such permission are as follows: MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 15

1. The applicant must be a reliable person who has had house, Patrick Joyce and Edward Muller, were at once experience in the milk trade, or who has some experienced ignorant and obstinate enough to resist all argument, and, persons in his employ. as absolute compulsion could not be used, they had to be 2. The stables in which cows are to be kept must not left unprotected. Ten days thereafter Muller developed only be large enough, but must fulfill the hygienic condi- the disease from which his fellow-lodger had suffered, and tions as well. the next day Joyce was attacked by it. Of the many 3. Only such cows are allowed to be kept in these sta- others who were equally endangered, not one has yet bles as give milk for children ; each cow must be so marked shown the first signs of infection. If this episode is not a or branded that it will be impossible to mistake. The sufficient answer to the anti-vaccinationists, they must be council is to be immediately notified whenever any new left in their darkness. There is, of course, a mathemati- cow is added to the stable. cal possibility that the selection by the disease of tlje two 4. All cows must be healthy and show no reaction after men who had not been vaccinated, and its avoidance of the customary injection of tuberculosis lymph. Each cow all those who had been, merely formed a curious coinci- must receive the lymph injection before being placed in dence, but the chance that this is so is too small for ordi- the stable; and at any time thereafter such injection can nary human consideration. As mortal certainties go, it is be repeated, at the discretion of the council. certain that Joyce and Muller would not be in the small- 5. The sickness of any cow must be immediately re- pox hospital today if they had availed themselves of the ported (by the veterinary surgeon having superintendence precaution to which their companions more or less willingly of the stable to which it belongs) to the council. Any such submitted. It is also certain that the absence of a com- cow can be removed from the stable at the discretion of pulsory vaccination law is a source of public peril. These said veterinary. men did more than voluntarily accept a personal risk— 6. The cows are to be fed, cleaned and cared for in a they put others as well as themselves in danger.—The proper way. All food which, in the opinion of the veter- Sanitarian. inary, is inappropriate, must be dispensed with. * * * 7. Every person employed in milking, feeding or other- wise looking after the cows must submit a certificate from TYPHOID AT MARION : The death records for 1900 a physician certifying that he or she is free from infectious shows a death rate from typhoid fever at Marion, Ind., of or nauseous diseases (especially tuberculosis). These cer- 115.3 in 100,000. This is the highest rate from this dis- tificates must be submitted by the proprietor of the estab- ease of any city in the State. Indianapolis shows 44 3 ; lishment to the supervising veterinary at least once in six Evansville, 60.8; Fort Wayne, 31.0; South Bend, 27.7; months. Terre Haute, 59.9; Anderson, 24.7; Elkkart, 26.3; El- Stables, cows and all utensils and cans used in milking, wood, 38.6; JefFersonville, 55.6; .Lafayette, 22.0; Lo- storing and transporting the milk, are to be kept in a scru- gansport, 24.6; Michigan City, 40.3; Muncie, 71.6; New pulously clean condition. Albany, 96 9; Richmond, 49.3, and Vincennes, 87.8. 9. The well-strained or centrifugally purified milk is to A letter to Dr. Powell, Secretary of the Grant County be well cooled and delivered to the customers as soon as Board of Health, called attention to the position of Marion possible. When the milk is not delivered direct to cus- in regard to her typhoid standing, and he has given his tomers, but, instead, goes through the hands of milk dealers, explanation in his annual report, as follows: it is to be sold only in battles provided with patent stop- ''The Secretary of the State Board has called my atten- pers and closed with the private seal of the producer or in- tion to the high death rate from typhoid fever in the city sured in a similar manner. of Marion during the past year. I have only made a par- 10. Stables and every establishment in the City of tial investigation, but I think that the reports are true, Leipzig are under the control of the district physician ; in and that the sanitary conditions to which this high rate is the suburbs they are under the supervision of an official due are shallow wells, or wells in close proximity to cess- veterinary surgeon, no matter where the stables or stores pools or privy vaults. It is only three years since the first may be located.—The Sanitarian. general system of sanitary sewers was established in the city. Many portions of the city are still unprovided with * * * lateral branches, which are, however, being rapidly con- A PRACTICAL LESSON FOR ANTi-VACCI- structed. In many portions of the city the soil is of a NISTS : A mail-carrier was discovered three weeks ago, gravelly nature, and sewage rapidly sinks to the level of in the Melrose lodging house, on upper Third avenue, the shallower wells. Many wells originally dug and , to be suffering from smallpox. He was at bricked up, in the older portions of the city, have gone once removed to North Borther Island, and the Health dry, and extensions have been driven down from the bot" Board officials proceeded to energetically vaccinate every- toms. The wells originally driven frequently have a cess- body in the building. Most of those who had been so pool in the pit about the upper part of the well, where closely exposed to infection promptly and gladly submitted the is dug away for the reception of the pump. to the beneficent rite. A few, dreading a temporary in- "The greater number of the houses, especially in the out- convenience more than they feared the possibility of small- skirts of the city, are unprovided with any sewer connec- pox, objected to the operation, but they were soon per- tion, and their privy vaults are merely holes in the ground. suaded into acquiescence. Only two occupants of the When anyone looks down an alley and sees the intermin- 16 MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE BOArD OF HEALTH.

able line of privies standing on it, and realizes that the surroundings. We hope for your aid in securing a new great majority of "them are reeking with filth, it is not dif- school house.'' ficult to see where the typhoid comes from. There are no * * * cases of typhoid, or very few, from the portions of the SCHOOL HOUSE SANITATION : This cause is cer- city where the people draw their water supply from the tainly gaining ground, as witness this letter: city mains. The city water is good, and those who drink Walcott, Ind,, , 1901. it are safe. Those who persist in drinking well water will Secretary State Board of Health, Indianapolis: always be in danger. The remedy will be the extension Dear Sir—As president of the School Board of Wolcott, White of water mains and sanitary sewers, and the enactment of county, I write you asking that you visit our town at your earliest convenience for the inspection of our school house. We have an an ordinance compelling the citizens to attach to the sew- old wooden structure, inadequate for the accommodation of the ers when possible. school children; it is unsafe both physically and hygenically. "The same conditions exist to a greater or less extent in We hope you will be able to soon visit us and give advice and all of the towns in this county, which have grown so rap- instructions. Very truly yours, idly since the discovery of natural gas. Respectfully sub- GEO. F. BAKER. mitted this 22nd day of January, 1901.—A. E. Powell." * * * CAUSE NOT KNOWN : We wrote to a coroner who * * * returned a death as due to heart failure to be more defi- WELL EMBALMED: A certain law-obeying and nite. He answered: "I found the man dead. You skillful embalmer writes to us concerning the condition of guess." We, in return, wrote him to please hereafter, a soldier's remains brought home from the . when cause of death was unknown, to simply say so. To He says: The casket had a zinc lining, hermetically ascribe an unknown cause of death to heart failure is an sealed. The preservation was perfect, not the least odor inexcusable conceit. of decomposition was perceptible. Body was embalmed in * # cavity and artries, wrapped in a sheet saturated with bi- SANITATION AT JASPER: The town of Jasper, chlorid of mercury, and all the orifices plugged with cot" Dubois county, owns its own waterworks. The reservoir ton. The casket lining was also saturated with bichlorid is on a hill near the town. Recently typhoid fever ap- of mercury. After sealing the casket, formaldehyde gas peared among the dwellings contiguous to the reservoir, had been introduced through a small opening which open- and this fact Dr. Kempf promptly brought to the notice ing had been immediately stopped. of the town authorities, recommending that the town * * * purchase the land surrounding the reservoir, demolish the AUBURN : This city is to be congratulated on having houses, which were few in number and all dilapidated, a mayor who is alive to its sanitary interests. Mayor and thus protect the public water supply. The council D. A. Garwood did not wait for the smallpox to invade appointed a committee to look into the matter, and said his city, but upon its approach had the following order committee returned the following report: passed : To the Board of Trustees of the town of Jasper, Indiana: Gentlemen—We, the undersigned committee, appointed by ORDERD by the common council of the city of Auburn, Indi- your honorable body, beg leave to report as follows: ana, sitting in its capacity as a board of health, that inasmuch 1st. We have personally visited and inspected the land as there exists within dangerous proximity to said city several lying and adjoining the reservoir of said town, which land is now cases of smallpox, and that sundry inhabitants of the county of in possession of and occupied by Reinhard Fink. Dekalb have become exposed to said contagious disease, therefore 2d. We found the condition of things on said land about the it is ordered that the secretary of the Board of Health be instruct- reservoir such as to lead us to believe that it is to the best interest ed and empowered to serve notice upon such persons that they of the health of the citizens of Jasper, using water from said shall remain within their homes and not depart therefrom, or reservoir, for the said town of Jasper to buy said land of said visit said city of Auburn, under penalty of arrest under the terms Fink in fee simple, at the earliest possible moment. of the city ordinance, for a period of fourteen (14) days after the 3d. We recommend that said town purchase said tract of service of this notice; and that if the disease of smallpox shall land, containing about six-tenths of an acre, at a reasonable develop, such persons shall remain quarantined in their homes, figure from said Fink. That all dwellings, stables, outhouses, according to the rules of the State Board of Health, until regu- and buildings whatsoever, be removed from said premises; that larly discharged by the attending physician, and under permit the well, cistern and cellar be drained and filled with earth ; that from the Secretary of the Board of Health. all offensive, decayed vegetable matter; that all animal matter, D. A. GARWOOD, Mayor. and all other health destroying substances of any nature, be Adopted this 12th day of February, 1901. destroyed or removed from said premises immediately upon C. B. WEAVER, City Clerk. obtaining possession of said property, or upon being permitted * * * to remove or destroy the same. UNSANITArY SCHOOL HOUSE: A citizen of 4th. We found the reservoir proper, and the land now Bridgeport writes: "Our school house is wholly unfit owned by the town in a clean and sanitary condition. for use. It has damp, mouldy walls, poor ventilation, in- REV. BASIL HENSLER, GEO. R. WILSON, County Supt., sufficient lighting and is dilapidated. I have the best of HENRY PFAU, Merchant, reasons to believe it is a pest house of disease, as each fall LOUIS H. STURM, Merchant, when school opens we have sick children who were well Committee. when they entered. My child is out of school fully one- It is to be hoped that the council of Jasper will act third of the time on account of illness due to unsanitary promptly in accord with the recommendations above made. MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 17

IMPORTANCE OF SUPERVISING THE FOOD the means and methods of protecting themselves and SUPPLY IN INDIANA: The supervision of the public others from this dangerous and deadly disease. food supply by the State is a matter of importance. In This is the most valuable of the three great benefits Indiana there are about five hundred thousand wage which will result from a consumptive Hospital, conducted earners drawing about four hundred thousand dollars each upon modern scientific principles, because such teachers day. Of this fully three-fourths is spent in the purchase are not the mere promulgators of a theory, but they carry and preparation of food. The wage earners' daily food in their own persons the illustrations of the truth of the outlay is therefore not less than three hundred thousand doctrines they advocate. They return, also, to and min- dollars, which in one year amounts to one hundred and gle freely with those most in need of their instruction. nine million five hundred thousand dollars. If now this By the experience which they have had, they are or- vast amount of food is adulterated or diluted even so much dained to teach with authority the means of salvation from as five per cent, the daily loss to the wage earners of the consumption, and so exert a wider, more direct and posi- State is fifteen thousand dollars, and the annual loss is tive influence than any other class of teachers. Thus, as five million four hundred and seventy-five thousand dol- a means of prevention, the hospital will accomplish the lars. As a matter of fact the adulteration and dilution of greatest good. Respectively submitted, foods by unscrupulous purveyors in Indiana is nearer C. A. LINDSLEY, M. D., twenty than five per cent In Massachusetts, a few years Secretary of State Board of Health, and ago, when food inspection and analysis was commenced, Superintendent of Vital Statistics. thirty per cent, of all food samples selected at random NEW HAVEN, , 1901. were found to be adulterated or diluted. At this time less than ten per cent, are found to be below standard. *** The saving to the people of Massachusetts has been SMALLPOX SUIT: The Indianapolis News of Feb- enormous, and it is more than probable that some of these ruary 22 contains the following dispatch : "The corpora- savings are loaned at a good interest in Indiana. Science tion of Petersburg will sue the city of Wellington, Daviess can do much for any people who will accept her services, county, for $50,000 damages because the authorities of and Indiana will some day rise to the situation. that place allowed a woman with smallpox to come here. Dr. W. H. Stonecipher, councilman from the First ward, * * * is taking an active interest in the case and declares he will ANCIENT SANITARIANS: The Hindoos and the push the prosecution. The town attorney will probably Parsees were practical sanitarians. To them, both water have the papers in the case ready to file in a few days." and soil were holy, and pollution of either was a punishable offense. One of the teachings of Loroaster was that the * * * purity of flowing water-courses should not be defiled. VENTILATION NEEDED : At the present session Every sewered city in Indiana pours it sewage into a of the Assembly the need of better ventilation of the State stream, and the Supreme Court has decided the act is in House, and especially of the halls of the Senate and House accord with the law. 'We might sometimes copy the of Representatives, has been most plainly manifest. Every heathen to advantage. morning, when the two houses are called to order, the halls contain fresh air because the windows have been A HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTIVES. opened in the night by the janitors while cleaning up. Within one hour after calling to order the halls are plainly The present General Assembly of Connecticut has under "stuffy' and in two hours the air is heavy with odor and so consideration a bill for the establishment of a hospital for plainly impure that many visitors remark it upon entering. the care and treatment of consumption in its early and The. bad effect of this lack of ventilation upon the legisla- curable stages. tors is apparent, for sleepy and drowsy members can fre- There are three prominently conspicuous and positive quently be seen in both houses. During the first month advantages which will result from such an undertaking. of every session about sixty per cent, of the members are 1. A large proportion of the patients treated in such a more or less ill. They complain of headache, dullness, hospital will be cured of the disease and restored to health. sleepiness, lassitude, indigestion, cold, catarrh, aching eye- This is the least of the three advantages, because the balls, restlessness, both day and night, cough, etc., etc. number so cured will be but a small part of the whole There can be no doubt these conditions proceed largely number of consumptives in Connecticut. from lack of pure air, and it is certain that the State is a 2. Every patient in the hospital will for the time being loser, because men so afflicted are certain not to give that be removed from the danger of infecting others with attention and thought to the work in hand which its impor- whom he is associated. In this way several others beside tance demands. It is not difficult to imagine that it would himself are benefited; hence it is more beneficial than the be possible for men who have headaches, dullness, lassi- advantage first mentioned. That cured but one; this tude and the like to do some very bad work in the line of protects many from infection. law making. The original provisions for ventilating the 3. The hospital becomes an effective State educational two legislative halls are a farce. There are no ducts for institution, sending forth several times a year groups of removing bad air; the only arrangements for this purpose teachers restored to health, well trained and disciplined in are two grates in each hall. These grates, if in constant 18 MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. operation, would not be sufficient to do the work required, tion almost impossible; ventilation bad. Room No. 4.— but they are closed and of course amount to nothing. An Enrollment 27 ; average attendance 25 ; temperature very engine, with fan taking air from the outside and forcing it irregular—near stove it is sometimes 100, and at distant over steam pipes, is provided for each hall. The openings parts 45. Ventilation in this, and all the other rooms is by of the ducts which bring this air to the halls are placed in windows, and of course drafts accompany every effort to the floor. These openings have registers and in both halls give the children air." some are beneath the members' desks, and so closed, and A practical people would never surround children with other openings are so close to members' desks as to be a bad air; give them insufficient or injurious light; subject cause of inconvenience, and they too are kept closed. So them to varying temperatures, and thus constantly threaten the engines run all day, forcing acres of pure, fresh air, their health and prevent them from studying and pro- not a bit of which enters the rooms above. A greater gressing. Practical people obey nature's laws of health piece of extravagance which these conditions make could and progress, for they realize to go against nature means hardly be practiced ; yet all the efforts of the State Board loss of health, wealth and happiness. of Health to have this very great evil corrected simply re- * sult in bringing a smile to the faces of those addressed. * This smile seems to say, and frequently the words are ac VACCINATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN CAN tually uttered ,"Oh, my good fellow, you are all right, but NO LONGER BE ORDERED BY HEALTH BOARDS: just a little cranky." Then the legislator moves away, The last Legislature did several things to make school life perfectly satisfied with himself, and continues to breathe more perilous. For instance: A bill requiring that bad air, have colds, coughs, stupor, listlessness, etc., and school houses hereafter built should be so constructed as to pass laws which frequently bear marks of carelessness— give the children the full amount of air which nature re- laws which certainly will, directly and indirectly, cost the quires, and so heat them as to make the temperature people dearly. How excellent it would be if the legisla- uniform, and to provide decent, separate privies, received ture would turn "cranky" some day and pass a bill for the only nine votes in the House. Just why the Legislature proper ventilating of the halls. Then surely there would does not want school children to have plenty of air, to be be less dozing, less gaping, less rubbing of the face, less comfortable, and to enjoy necessary sanitary privileges, is listlessness and better work. a question which probably no one can answer. Another thing done was to tack on to the compulsory school law * * * the following amendment: Provided further, That no DEMAND FOR THE BULLETIN: We receive child in good mental and physical condition shall for any frequent requests to be placed on the mailing list for our cause, any rule or law to the contrary, be precluded from Bulletin. Many public libraries, college libraries, life in- attending schools when such school is in session." On surance companies, statisticians and foreign governments account of this law boards of health can not prevent have written for the Bulletin. Indiana's mortality statis- children living in houses where diphtheria, scarlet fever tics are now quite correct, and so deserve most careful or smallpox may exist from attending school, for observe study. the law says, "any cause, when the mental and physical condition is good." A child from a smallpox house can * * * not be said to be in other than " good mental or physical SCHOOL SANITATION: Not a week passes but condition" unless affected with disease. Yet this same some citizen writes to the State Board, complaining of di- child may carry infection and cause much disease lapidated, dangerous or unsanitary school house. Our and death. This law will also prevent expulsion for in- last complaint is from Campbellsburg, the letter being corrigibleness, insult, or outrage of any kind. Of course, dated March 13. The letter says: "Our school building the act was aimed at preventing health boards from order- is an old, dilapidated, wooden structure, totally unfit for ing vaccination upon penalty of exclusion from school. school purposes. Its lighting is bad ; its ventilation is This power did belong to health boards as decided by the bad; its warming is insufficient, and therefore bad; its supreme court. The amendment was moved by a Chris- sanitation is bad; its site is bad; its seating is bad ; in tian Scientist and antivaccinationist member of the fact, it is bad in every particular. Within 110 feet is a Assembly. large saw mill. The noise from this mill makes study and This backward step brings no discouragement, for recitation difficult, and sometimes quite impossible. This sometimes it appears necessary to go back a little to get a school house has four rooms. Room No. 1 has 52 pupils better start. It is possible that within the next two years enrolled, with an average daily attendance of 44; tem- this evil law will bring enough disease, death and trouble perature ranges from 42 to 95 degrees; noise of saw mill to implant practical ideas concerning this matter, and then very disturbing; light of room is very bad, making study we will go forward, not to fall back again. difficult; ventilation bad. Room No. 2.—Seating ca- pacity 43; average attendance 39; temperature in back * * * of room 40, near the stove 98; saw mill noise distracting 'S DEATH RATE : The military manage- at times; ventilation bad. Room No. 3.—Enrollment 39 ; ment of sanitary affairs in Havana steadily continues to average attendance 35 ; temperature near stove 90, distant show excellent results. The report of the chief sanitary parts of room 65; saw mill noise sometimes makes recita- officer of Havana for February says : ' 'It is with pleasure MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 19

I again call the attention of the general commanding to DIRECTIONS FOR THE DISINFECTION OF our steadily decreasing death rate, which I consider a THE ROOMS AND THINGS USED most reliable indication of our steadily improving sanitary BY CONSUMPTIVES* condition." The last February of the Spanish rule gave a Though it is believed that there is little danger of the death rate of 82.32 per 1,000, and this February the rate is infection of the rooms occupied by persons sick with con- 19.32. Havana is now in the 'healthy city class.'' Money sumption if there has, all of the time, been a strict com- properly invested in sanitation brings a large interest. pliance with the rules laid down in Circular No. 54, it nevertheless is the safer way to subject to a careful cleans- * * * ing and disinfection all rooms that have been occupied by "ANTISEPTIC SUIT—This suit is for use by physi- consumptives. Particularly in rooms where strict sanitary cians, health officers and undertakers, whenever there is rules have not been observed, the need of disinfection is danger of carrying infection in one's clothes. This suit, emphasized by the fact that the germ of tuberculosis re- known as the "Dr. Hane's Antiseptic Suit," was first pre- tains its infective powers a long while, under favoring sented to the profession at the meeting of the Colorado conditions. State Medical Society, in 1899. It has been endorsed by The bacillus of tuberculosis is hard to kill: use, there- the Colorado State Medical Board of Health, by Dr. J. F. fore, only those disinfectants which are the most rapidly Kennedy, secretary of the Iowa State Board of Health, destructive of it when it is in its dry state. In fresh spu- and many eminent sanitarians. It is cheap, convenient tum the bacillus requires different treatment. (See Circu- and serviceable. lar No. 54.) This suit is made by Frank S. Betz & Co., 35 Randolph In disinfecting a room that has previously been occupied street, . It costs $2.75. The directions in order- by a consumptive, let the order of procedure be about as ing are as follows: "In ordering be sure to mention your is recommended in the following, sorting out and disinfect- hight in shoes, your reach from wrist to wrist across the back, ing the clothing, and other smaller things first: and state whether you are thin, medium or stout." The A. Clothing. Disinfect with steam or by boiling. physician who does not take great care against carrying Boiling for half an hour will disinfect any article that can infection in his clothes is certainly very derelict in his be subjected to that process. Steam disinfection for one duty to his fellow-man. hour, properly done, is just as trustworthy, and has the advantage of wetting and shrinking fabrics less. Steam disinfection on a small scale can be done in the common wash-boiler by supporting, above the water with two bricks or otherwise, a false flooring of laths or thin board. Pour in two or three inches of water, place the articles to be disinfected above the false flooring, put on the cover, and steam one hour after the water begins to boil, keeping the water briskly boiling all the time. To insure certainty of success there must be a brisk fire, and the steam must be kept streaming through the articles all the time. After the steaming, carry the boiler into the open air and throw the things over a line to dry. In every town and city a portable steam disinfector, such as is described on page 6 of Circular No. 68, or a better one, should be available. Clothing can also be disinfected by soaking it twenty- four hours in solution 6 or 7. Then rinse thoroughly. B. Bedding. Disinfect sheets, blankets, pillow-cases, quilts, comforters, and spreads, as under (A). Pillows and feather-beds are preferably disinfected with steam. They need not be ripped—the steam will penetrate. Empty straw beds, burn straw, and disinfect tick with steam as under (A). Burn cheap mattresses. A mattress worth the trouble may be disinfected with formaldehyde as fol- lows : Make a tight box large enough to contain it. Render it air-tight by pasting up all cracks and corners The Suit Folded and Tied with stout, firm paper. Place the mattress in it, and sprinkle or spray it with at least 4 ounces (1 gill) of form- * * * alin ; put on the cover quickly; paste it up. Leave the , O. : The State Board of Health has mattress twenty-four hours. ordered that plans for this city's new sewerage system be Or a mattress may be disinfected by spraying it with changed so as to provide for the purification of the sewage formalin and quickly and tightly wrapping it in large rub- before it is discharged into the Olentangy river. ber blankets. MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE.BOARD OF HEALTH.

Featherbeds and pillows may be disinfected with form- SANITORIA FOR CONSUMPTIVES: Massachusetts alin as is advised for mattresses. established the first State institution for treating consump- C. Rugs and Carpets. Burn old ones and all that can tives in 1898. The grounds and buildings cost $180,000, not be surely disinfected. Steam disinfection is the and the annual cost of conduction is $60,000. Before the surest; when that is impracticable formaldehyde in con- State Consumptive Hospital was established the indigent centrated doses, as for mattresses, may be used for valu- consumptives were taken care of in poorhouses, municipal able carpets or rugs. hospitals and by township trustees, just as is still done in D. Upholstered Furniture. If the room can be disin- Indiana. The old method was expensive, never effected a fected with formaldehyde, spray or sprinkle the uphol- cure, and from its very nature resulted in spreading the stered part with Solution 7, just before the room disinfec- disease, for no precautions against spread were either tion, and leave in place. If formaldehyde gas is not practiced or taught to the patient. The public consump- available, spray or wash thoroughly with Solution 7 or 6, tion hospital has banished all of these evil conditions. The then expose to the action of direct sunshine three or four cost of care is leas in the hospital than in poorhouses and days—the longer the better. by outdoor relief, and in addition, as the patients are E. Booms. Avoid raising a dust. If the removal of under intelligent control and are specifically instructed, a carpet leaves dust on the floor, remove it after sprinkling they do not spread the disease, and some cures are effected. wet sawdust, or with damp broom or damp cloths. With The public consumptive hospital, besides effecting isola- a damp cloth remove dust from furniture and other tion of the infected person, has great value as a dissemina- surfaces. Boil all cloths thus used. If formaldehyde tor of information as to the proper management of disinfection is available for the room, wash in Solution 7 consumption in the home. Those patients who have been all surfaces of walls, or furniture that may have been in the hospital and become cured or perhaps simply bene- soiled with sputum. Wash or spray the floor with Solution fitted, upon going home, carry with them knowledge in 7, letting the solution soak into the cracks well. Then regard to the disease and the care required to prevent fumigate with formaldehyde letting the stripped furniture spreading it. In Indiana not less than four hundred con- remain. sumptives are continually taken care of in poorhouses and If formaldehyde is not available, wash very carefully in by outdoor township relief. The cases of outdoor relief Solution 6 or 7 the floors and all surfaces which were ex- are always in very poor homes and most frequently sur- posed to the danger of soiling with sputum. Complete the rounded by squalid conditions. The homes or hovels disinfection of the room with liquid disinfectants, repeat become infected and subsequent dwellers therein acquire ing the washing, the interval between the two washings the disease and must be taken care of at public expense. not necessarily exceeding half an hour. Our poorhouses become infected and they, too, are sources For the disinfection of rooms with formaldehyde, the of infection. new vaporizer devised by Professor Robinson, in which On account, therefore, of not practically applying sani- formaldehyde solution is used, is recommended by the tary science, we spread the disease, spend more money for State Board as a simple, compact, and efficient piece of care of indigent patients than is necessary, and do not apparatus. It vaporizes solution of formaldehyde instead impart information calculated to stop spread. Consump- of wood alcohol. At least half a pint of formaldehyde tion contributes materially to pauperism, crime and solution should be used for each 1,000 cubic feet of space. insanity. Keep the room closed eight hours at least. We will some day arouse to the science and economy of In preparing for formaldehyde disinfection the room this matter and establish a special sanitorium for indigent must be made as tight as possible by closing the mouths of consumptives. chimneys, other ventilating openings, chinking or pasting * * * cracks, etc. NIGHT AIR: The night air is purer than that of the SOLUTION 6. day, particularly in great cities, therefore one should al- Corrosive Sublimate, 1 dram. ways keep at least one window open in the bedroom or Water, 1 gallon. in an adjoining room, and thug assure a sufficient and Mix and dissolve. Label, Poison! This is approxi permanent ventilation. Of course, it is always wise to mately a 1:1000 solution Its use should always be under protect one's self against direct draughts from the open the direction of some intelligent and careful person. This window. When it is not possible to place the bed so that is not trustworthy as a disinfectant of fresh sputum. it will be out of the draught, a screen in front of the Destroys metals and guilding. Must be mixed in wood, open window will suffice for protection.—Dr. Knopf. glass, or earthen ware. * * * SOLUTION 7. SANITARY SCIENCE DEFINED: Dr. Stuver, in Solution of Formaldehyde (Formalin), 6 ounces. the Lancet-Clinic, defines sanitary science as follows: "It Water, 1 gallon. is the science and art of promoting healthy development, Mix. This mixture contains a little less than 2 per maintaining the matured organism in a healthy condition cent, of formaldehyde. of normal functional activity, preventing the invasion of Circular State Board of Health of . diseases and stamping them out as soon as possible when they have arisen." MONTHLY BULLETIN, INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 21

CHART SHOWING GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHS FROM CERTAIN COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.

NORTHERN SANITARY SECTION. Total population 839,835 Total deaths 960 Death rate per 1,000 14.8 Consumption, rate per 100,000 157.8 Typhoid, rate per 100,000 24.7 Diphtheria, rate per 100,000 30.9 Scarlet fever, rate per 100,000 3.0 Diarrhoeal diseases, rate per 100,000 6.1

CENTRAL SANITARY SECTION. Total population 1,024,791 Total deaths 1,407 Death rate per 1,000 17.8 Consumption, rate per 100,000 189.0 Typhoid, rate per 100,000 26.6 Diphtheria, rate per 100,000 31.7 Scarlet fever, rate per 100,000 15.2 Diarrhoeal diseases, rate per 100,000 3.8

SOUTHERN SANITARY SECTION. Total population 651,836 Total deaths 983 Death rate per 1,000 19.6 Consumption, rate per 100,000 245.3 Typhoid, rate per 100,000 . 15.9 Diphtheria, rate per 100,000 19.9 Scarlet fever, rate per 100,000 .... 17.9 Diarrhoeal diseases, rate per 100,000 0.0 Sullivan 26,0054120.38926 1 Spencer 22,4072916.815364. 3.... Scott !8,307914.0123 ' Switzerland 11,8402426.3....41 2 i Ripley 19,8813422.295. 7.5 Posey 22,333425.6912 61 Jefferson 22,9134223.8716 1 Jackson 26,6334120.02 512.... Dearborn 22,1943721.6218 31 Vanderburgh ....71,76910318.6127 3218 Perry 18,7783222.140. 71. Orange 16,8543224.6518 1 Ohio 4,724513.712....2 Martin 14,7112723.8563 Lawrence 25,7292814.14753 1.. Knox 32,746521.82314 1... Jennings 15,7571310.52 . 12. Harrison 21,702615.58139i 31i Floyd 30,118418.91206. .41 Dubois 20,3572515.913 Crawford 13,4762726.01493 1 Warren 11,37155.72 Tippecanoe 38,6595418.10263 Washington .19,409219.41 . 21. Warrick 22,3292112.381...... 54 12 Pike 20,4863421.517...2 12.... Daviess 29,9145724.16032 21 Clark 31,835626.92137 7.....I2 Southern Co's....651,83698319.91640288121221 6 11418273 Vigo 62,0358016.741623 Vermillion 15,252420.17 Fulton 17,4532014.8415..... Greene 28,530198.62534.... Gibson 30,099316.854107 911... Wayne 38,9707625.31258 Union 6,7481325.0... Tipton 19,116128.3 Shelby 26,4913617.725 Rush 20,1483019.1456 Putnam 21,4784225.31659 Parke 23,000147.932 Randolph 28,6534219.0918 Owen 15,1493227.416 Johnson 20,223421.8215 Hendricks 21,292148.5....3 Hancock 19,189214.37164.... Hamilton 29,9143213.981 Fountain.! 21,446320.0275914 Porter 19,175214.914 Noble 23,5332513.8761 Jay 26,8183717.912564 Jasper 14,2921311.8 Monroe 20,8732817.415 Marion 197,22728218.514039 Henry 25,088319.65412 Franklin 16,3882116.603 Fayette 13,4952322.10.... Boone 26,3213215.84.....5 White 19,1381711.5243 St.Joseph 58,8818218.4765 Steuben 15,2191815.342 Starke 10,431012.431.... Pulaski 14,03365.512 Morgan 20,457217.1406 Montgomery 29,3884118.6352 Madison 70,4708114.97235.....6 Delaware 49,6246817.31725 Brown 9,7282128.047 Bartholomew.... 24,594121.62593 Central Co's Wells 23,4492714.1864 Wabash 28,2352611.9173 Newton 10,44856.213 Miami 28,3443214.6715 Marshall 25,119215.0316 Laporte 38,3863210.814 Lake 37,8924816.7591 Lagrange 15,2841916.253 Howard 28,5754219.13670 Elkhart 45,0524713.5813 Dekalb 25,7114020.23753113 Carroll 19,9532516.106 Blackford 17,2132518.8101.../.6 Decatur 19,518321.917264.... Clinton 28,202420.165 Clay.. 34,2853212.167 Whitley 17,328216.516 Huntington 28,9012611.874 Gass 34,5454115.6328 Benton 13,123109.92 Allen 77,2709616.1428375 State ofIndiana..2,516,4623,35017.314566219513747596083211 Kosciusko 29,1092812.51637 Adams 22,232011.6153 Grant 54,6937016.61425 Northern Go's....839,83596014.839182271091641371 TABLE No.IDeathsinIndianabyGeographicalSectionandCountieDuringtheMonthofFebruary, STATE COUNTIES. Two deathsfromSmallpox—Daviess,1;Lawrence.(22) AND 1,024,791

Population, Census 1900. 1,40717.8622209338514125124

- Total Deaths Reported for February, 1901.

Annual Death Rate per 1,000 Population

Stillbirths.

Under 1 Year. M

1 to 5, Inclusive.

65 Years and Over. Pulmonary Consumption. Other Forms of Tuberculosis.

Typhoid Fever.

Diphtheria,

Croup.

Scarlet Fever.

Measles.

Whooping Cough.

Pneumonia. diarrheal Dis- eases, Under 5. Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. • Influenza. Puerperal Septicemia. Cancer.

Violence. 1901.

Deaths in Insti- tutions. TABLE No. II. Deaths in Indiana by Cities During the Month of February, 1001. • 0 o s o > c pe r 1900 . 5 . Rat e Reporte d Censu s j CITIES. ) Cough . Dis ~ Year . Fever . an d Deat h Unde r i n In - Fever . Inclusive . Population . 1 Form s o f Death s Septicemia . February , 1901 . Tuberculosi s stitutions . fo r Year s 1,00 0 Over . Meningitis . eases . Consumptio n Death s Annua l Population , 1 t o 5 , Tota l Stillbirth . Unde r Violence . Pulmonar y Cancer . 6 5 Othe r Typhoi d Diphtheria . Puerpera l Croup . Scarle t Pneumonia . Diarrhea l Influenza . Cerebro-spina l Measles . Whoopin g

Cities over 50,000 Popu- lation 309 17.6 19 51 11 43 45 6 2 2 1 1 1 35 1 24 4 11 9 30 1 Indianapolis 169,164 229 17.5 13 41 8 30 31 5 2 2 1 1 21 • • • • • 1 17 1 9 8 18 Evansville... 59,207 80 17.5 6 10 3 13 14 1 14 7 3 2 1 12 Cities from 25,000 to 50,000 Population... 117,787 174 19.2 9 39 12 38 16 4 3 10 2 1 23 2 2 8 10 6 4 Ft. Wayne 45,115 58 16.7 2 7 4 17 6 3 1 2 8 1 1 4 2 3 South Bend 35,999 53 19.1 3 20 3 9 4 1 2 2 2 6 1 3 3 1 *Terre Haute 36,673 63 22.3 4 12 5 12 6 6 1 9 2 4 3 3 1 Cities from 10,000 to * 25,000 Population... 218,623 314 18.6 12 47 25 70 42 3 7 7 1 3 2 53 1 19 2 8 11 2 Anderson 20,178 36 23.1 1 3 4 9 4 1 4 2 8 4 elkhart 15,184 14 11.9 3 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 elwood 12,950 14 14.0 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hammond 12,376 16 16.8 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 1 1 Jeffersonville 10,774 21 25.3 5 3 5 1 1 5 2 Kokomo 10,609 19 23.2 1 2 2 2 5 3 1 3 Lafayette 18,116 21 15.0 3 1 1 4 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 Logansport 16,204 24 19.2 3 1 7 5 5 2 1 1 Marion 17,337 22 16.4 2 6 4 4 1 1 Michigan City 14,850 13 12.2 1 i 6 1 1 2 1 Muncie 20,942 28 17.3 1 8 3 4 5 1 i 1 5 1 1 1 New Albany 20,628 32 20.1 4 1 6 6 1 1 1 ... . 4 1 1 Richmond 18,226 39 27.8 7 3 15 2 10 1 1 Vincennes 10,249 15 19.0 3 3 2 4 1 Cities from 5,000 to 10,000 Population... 161,751 212 17.0 9 37 11 69 20 2 2 4 1 1 28 5 22 2 7 9 1 Alexandria 7,221 9 16.2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Bedford 6,115 5 10.6 2 1 2 1 Bloomington 6,460 8 16.0 1 3 2 2 Brazil 7,786 5 8.3 1 2 1 Columbus 8,130 15 23.9 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 Connersville 6,836 13 24.7 i 1 4 1 3 1 2 Crawfordsville 6,649 12 23.4 1 2 5 2 2 1 Frankfort 7,100 14 25.6 1 1 4 1 1 2 Greensburg 5,034 8 20.6 2 1 3 1 3 Goshen 7,810 8 13.3 1 1 1 1 3 Hartford City 5,912 10 21.9 1 1 5 3 3 Huntington...... 9,491 11 15.0 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Laporte 7,113 7 12.7 1 1 1 1 Madison 7,835 14 23.2 1 2 8 2 4 Mishawaka 5,560 5 11.6 3 1 1 Mt Vernon 5,132 10 25.3 2 7 2 1 2 8,463 10 15.3 a • • * • 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Princeton 6,041 3 6.4 2 1 1 Seymour 6,445 5 10.0 1 2 1 1 Shelbyville 7,169 12 21.7 3 5 i 1 2 1 1 1 Valparaiso 6,280 7 14.4 1 2 2 1 1 1 Wabash 8,618 5 7.5 1 2 2 1 Washington 8,551 16 24.3 * • • • * 8 2 4 1 1 5 1 1 Cities under 5,000 Popu- lation 120,970 191 20.5 8 33 12 56 23 4 4 1 2 2 28 2 6 20 5 7 1 Attica 3,005 7 30.2 1 1 3 2 1 2 Aurora 3,645 10 35.6 1 1 4 1 1 4 2 Bluffton 4,479 3 8.7 1 1 1 1 Cannelton 2,188 5 29.7 1 1 1 1 Clinton 2,918 3 13.3 1 1 1 1 Columbia City 2,975 3 13.1 1 i 1 1

• • • • • Covington 2,213 6 35.2 2 1 1 • a t • • 1 i i Decatur 4,142 4 12.5 • • • • i 1 1 1 1 l Delphi 2,135 3 18.2 2 1 Dunkirk 3,187 10 40.7 1 3 l 3 2 1 1 east Chicago 3,411 4 15.2 • • . • • 1 I 1 1 Franklin 4,005 12 38.9 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 i Garrett 3,910 2 6.6 1 1 1 Gas City 3,622 3 10.7 1 1 Greencastle 3,661 9 31.9 5 1 1 Greenfield 4,489 6 17.3 2 i 1 Huntingburg 2,527 6 30.8 2 3 3 1 Kendallville 3,354 6 23.2 2 2 2 1 1 Lawrenceburg 4,326 10 30.0 * * * * • 3 i 4 1 1 2 1 Lebanon 4,465 9 26.2 2 3 2 3 1 Ligonier 2,231 5 29.1 2 1 Martinsville 4,038 5 16.0 1 1 1 2 Montpelier 3,405 2 7.6 1 1 1 Noblesville 4,792 5 13.5 1 1 2 1 1 1 North Vernon 2,823 2 9.2 1 1 Plymouth 3,656 4 14.2 1 2 1 1 Portland 4,798 6 16.2 1 2 3 1 1 Rensselaer 2,255 Rising Sun 1,428 2 18.2 1 1 Rushville 4,541 6 17.1 2 1 1 1 i 1 Tell City 2,680 1 4.8 1 1 Tipton 3,764 6 20.7 1 i 2 1 Union City 2,716 7 33.5 1 3 1 1 Vevay 1,494 5 43.5 1 2 1 Warsaw 3,987 5 16.3 1 1 1 Winchester 3,705 9 31.5 1 2 2 1 1 1 • • a • 1 1 Total Urban Popu- lation 847,302 1,200 18.4 57 207 71 276 146 19 18 24 4 7 3 4 167 4 15 93 8 41 42 38 Total Rural Popu- lation 1,669,160 2,150 16.7 83 259 141 675 228 18 27 31 6 16 23 441 4 28 231 4 45 54 72

1, homicide; 1, mob violence. (23) Mortality of Indiana for February, 1901. p o Rate . fo r pe r POPULATION BY C D GEOGRAPHI-

CAL SECTIONS Reporte d ^ Number . AND AS Censu s 1900 ...... Deat h URBAN AND o

RURAL. Deat h Rat e Population . Rate . Rate . Rate . Rate . Death s Cent . Cent . Number — February , 1901 . 1,00 0 Pe r Deat h Deat h Pe r Cent . Number . Number . Pe r Number . Number . Number . Annua l Deat h Number . Deat h Population , Tota l Stillbirths .

State .... 2,516,462 3,350 17.3 140 566 17.6 212 6.6 951 29.6 374 193.2 37 19.1 45 23.2 55 28.4 10 5.1 ! NorthernCo's.... 839,835 960 14.8 39 182 19.6 59 6.4 278 30.1 102 157.8 9 13.9 16 24.7 20 30.9 5 7.7 Central Co's 1 1,024,791 1,407 17.8 62 220 16.3 93 6.9 335 28.6 149 189 0 22 27.9 21 26.6 25 31.7 3 3.8 Southern CO'S ....' 651,836 983 19.6 39 164 17.3 60 6.1 288 30.4 123 245.3 6 11.9 8 15.9 10 19.9 2 3.9

All cities 847,302 1,200 18.4 57 207 18.1 71 6.2 276 24.1 146 1224.0 19 29.1 18 27.6 24 36.8 4 6.1 ! . Over50,000 228,171! 309 17.6 19 51 17.5 11 3.7 43 14.8 45 256.3 6 34.1 2 11.3 2 11.3 .. 25,000 to 50,000 117,787 174 ! 19.2 9 39 23.6 12 7.2 38 23.0 16 176.5 4 44.1 3 33.1 10 110.3 2 22.0 10,000 to 25,000 ! 218,623 314 18.6 12 47 15.5 25 8.2 70 23.1 42 249.7 3 17.8 7 41.6 7 41.6 1 5,000 to 10,000 161,751 212 17.0 9 37 18.2 11 5.4 69 33.9 20 160.7 2 16.0 2 16.0 4 32.1 1 .... Under 5,000 120970 191 20.5 8 33 18.0 12 6.5 56 30.6 23 247.1 4 42.9 4 42.9 1 Country 1,669,160 2,150 16.7 83 259 12.5 141 6.8 675 32.6 228 177.5 18 14.0 27 21.0 31 24.1 6 4.6

Deaths and Annual Death Rates per 100,000 Population from Important Causes.

POPULATION . Diarrheal Cerebro- Puerperal Scarlet Measles. Whooping Pneu- Diseases, Spinal Influenza. Septi- Cancer. Violence. Small- BY Fever. Cough. monia. Under 5 Yrs Meningitis. cemia. pox GEOGRAPHI- CAL SECTIONS - AND AS URBAN AND Rate . Rate . Rate . Rate . Rate . Rate . Rate . Rate . RURAL. Rate . Rate . Deat h Deat h Number . Number . Deat h Number . Deat h Deat h Number . Deat h Deat h Deat h Number . Number . Number . Number . Number . Deat h Rate . Deat h Number . Deat h Number .

State 23 11.8 19 9.8 27 13.9 608 314.0 8 4.1 43 22.2 324 167.3 12 6.1 86 44.4 96 49.5

Northern Co's... 2 3.0 5 7.7 4 6.1 137 212.0 4 6.1 11 17.0 88 136.2 3 4.6 36 55.7 28 43.3 Central Co's 12 15.2 8 10.1 11 13.9 252 319 6 3 3.8 16 20.2 122 154.7 3 3.8 32 40.5 41 52.0 Southern Co's ... 9 17.9 6 11.9 12 23.9 219 436.7 1 16 31.9 114 227.3 6 11.9 18 35.8 27 53.8

All cities 7 10.7 3 4.6 4 6.1 167 256.2 4 6.1 15 23.0 93 142.6 8 12.2 41 62.9 42 64.4 i

! ! Over 50,000 ; 1 1 1 35 199.4 1 24 136.7 4 22.7 11 62.6 9 51.2 25,000 to 50,000 ... i 1 23 253.8 2 22.0 2 22.0 8 88.2 10 110.3 6 66.2 !.... 10,000 to 25,000 ... 3 17.8 2 11.8 53 315.1 1 19 112.9 2 11.8 8 47.5 11 65.4 5,000 to 10,000 ....! ! 28 225.0 5 40.1 22 176.8 2 16.0 7 56.2 9 72.3 Under 5,000 2 21.4 2 21.4 28 300.9 2 21.4 6 64.4 20 214.9 5 53.7 7 75.2 Country 16 12.4 16 12.4 23 17.9 441 343.4 4 3.1 28 21.8 231 179.9 4 3.1 45 35.0 54 42 i i ;

Indiana Climatic Data for February, 1901, Furnished by U. S. Department of Agriculture.

C. F. R. WAPPENHANS, LOCAL FORECAST OFFICIAL AND SECTION DIRECTOR.

Temperature-Degrees Precipitation in Inches. Sky. Fahrenheit. th e of th e th e Days . SECTIONS. Days . Days . Directio n fro m fro m (Unmelted. ) Cloud y Day s wit h Cloud y Clea r Precipitation . o f o f Partl y o f o f Normal . Normal . Wind . Departur e Average—Monthly . Monthly—Mean . Averag e Snowfall . Departur e Mean—Maximum . Mean—Minimum . No . No . No . No . Prevailin g

Northern Counties — Normal 24,9 2.23 Average 18.6 —6.3 41 —5 1.56 -0.67 11.8 7 12 8 8 W. Central Counties— Normal 28.7 2.72 Average 23.5 —5.2 50 —2 1.46 —1.26 5.5 7 9 8 11 W. Southern Counties- Normal 31.9 3.45 Average 28.2 -3.7 60 7 1.90 -1.55 4.4 6 12 5 11 N. W. Averages for the State- Normal 28.4 280 Average. 23.4 —5.0 50 1 1.64 —1.16 7.2 7 11 7 10 W

(24)