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Dermocystidiosis Induced by the Parasite Dermocystidium Sp. in the ˜›—Š–Ž—Š•Ȱ꜑Ȱparacheirodon Axelrodi

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Dermocystidiosis Induced by the Parasite Dermocystidium Sp. in the ˜›—Š–Ž—Š•Ȱ꜑Ȱparacheirodon Axelrodi ǯȱǯȱǯȱȱǯǰȱřŞǻŘǼȱŘŖŗŞǰȱŝř NOTE Dermocystidiosis induced by the parasite Dermocystidium sp. in the ȱęȱParacheirodon axelrodi S. E. Plaul1,2*, P. F. Andrés Laube1,2, M. M. Montes3,4, E. Topa3, S. R. Martorelli3,4 and C. G. Barbeito2,4 1Servicio de Ictiopatología y Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV). Av. 60 y 118, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP). La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, FCV, UNLP, Argentina; 3ȱȱȱàȱ¢ȱȱǻǼǰȱȬȱȬ ȬǯȱȱŗŘŘȱȦȱŜŗȱ¢ȱŜŘǯȱȱǰȱȱǰȱDzȱ4CONICET Abstract ȱȱȱĚȱǻ¢ȱȱȱ£ȱǼȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Paracheirodon axelrodiǯȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱěȱ¢ȱȱȱDermocystidium. Protist cysts were located in the dermis causing ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱęȱǻ¢ȱHemigrammus sp. or Hyphessobrycon sp.) into established home aquaria, ȱȱȱęȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱȱǯ ȱ£ȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱ In Argentina P. axelrodi is the largely imported ¢ȱȱ ȱęȱǻǰȱŘŖŖŗǼǯȱ ȱ ęȱǻřŚǯřřƖǼǰȱ ȱParacheirodon sp. is the 4th ȱǰȱȱȬȱȃȄȱȱȱDzȱ ȱȱȱęȱ¡ȱǻ·ȱ ǰȱŘŖŗśǼǯȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱęȱ- ȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ¢ȱȱȱ vironments are subject to injury during capture, ȱȱ¡¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ- aquaria, as they are brightly colored and easy to ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱśŖȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱĚȱǻ¢ȱȱȱ£ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǼȱȱȱȱȱęȱǻǰȱŘŖŖŝǼǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱěȱ but the cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi pet shops to be sold (Doyle et al., 1996; Kim et ǻĵǰȱŗşśŜǼǼǰȱȱȱȱŞŖƖȱȱ al., 2002). the total catch (Chao, 2001; Zehev et al., 2015). ȘȱȱȂȱȬDZȱȓ¢ǯǯǯ ŝŚǰȱǯȱǯȱǯȱȱǯǰȱřŞǻŘǼȱŘŖŗŞ Figure 1.ȱǼȱȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱParacheirodon axelrodi with a macroscopic lesion showing white ȱ¢ȱȱDermocystidiumȱǯDzȱǼȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǯȱ DZȱȱ¢ȱȱDermocystidim sp. ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱDzȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱŘśǯŜȱƹȱŖǯŜŘȱ into established home aquaria have been report- ȱȱȱǯȱFish were humanely ed to the Ichthyopathology and Aquaculture ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ Department (Servicio de Ictiopatología y AcuicultuȬ (30 mg Lƺŗ) (García-Gómez et al., 2002) and the ra, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad ȱęȱ ȱę¡ȱȱŗŖƖȱěȱǯȱ Nacional de La PlataǼǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ- ęȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱęǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ in disodium EDTA CAS (6381-92-6) Biopack, Hemigrammus Gill or Hyphessobrycon Durbinand, ȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗŝǼǯȱȱ¢- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ observed. They began to lose colour, the skin were sectioned at 5 μm, stained with hema- ȱDzȱȱęȱ ȱȱ ȱ ¡¢ȱȱȱǻ ǭǼǰȱȂȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱęȱ ȱȦ¡¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ days, the cardinal tetra exhibit tubular cysts on microscopy. Micrographs were taken with an ȱ¢ȱǯȱȱȱǰȱȱ Olympus microscope (model CX31) equipped clinical signs were observed in the other species with an Olympus camera (model U-CMAD3, ȱȱȱǯȱ Tokyo, Japan). ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ and observed under a light microscope. Sterile ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱ was assigned to the genus Dermocystidium (Figure ȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ 1b). The employed culture media did not support ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱ its growth, but numerous environmental and employing heterotrophic plate count methods: ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱ the spread plate method (APHA, 1992) and mainly Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. ȱ¢ȂȱĚȱ¢ȱȱ (ARFTM) (Dungan and Bushek, 2015). In ad- Pathological analysis showed a macroscopic dition, ten P. axelrodi ȱěȱ ȱ lesion characterised by a transparent tubulous ǯȱǯȱǯȱȱǯǰȱřŞǻŘǼȱŘŖŗŞǰȱŝś cyst resembling a nematode, measuring 2.6 – 3.4 ȱǻŘǯŞŜȱƹȱŖǯřŗȱǼȱȱȱȱŘǯŖȱȮȱřǯŝȱȱ ǻŘǯŞŜȱƹȱŖǯŜŚȱǼȱȱ ǯȱDermocystidium sp. ¢¢ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǻȱŗǼǰȱ in our case surrounded by a transparent oedema ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ - ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ same developmental stage. Spores were spheri- ǰȱ¢ȱȱ£ȱȱśǯŖȱȱŞǯŖȱΐȱǻŝǯŖȱƹȱŖǯŝŜȱ ΐǼȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱŚǯŖȱ ȮȱŜǯŖȱΐȱǻŚǯşŚȱƹȱŖǯŜśȱΐǼȱȱǰȱ¢ȱ or eccentrically situated. Cysts were located in the dermis and causing lesions extending to the epidermis and exerting pressure on the musculature as it increases in size (Figure 2a, b). The alterations in the skin were consistent Figure 2. Cyst within the dermis extending to the epidermis as it increases in size. a) A microscopic with a chronic process. Haemorrhagic areas in ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȼȱ ȱ Dzȱ dermis and muscle were observed, as well as b) Dermocystidium sp. cyst with numerous mild vascular congestion. Around the cysts, an ¢ȱǯȱ DZȱ ęȱȱȱ ¢ȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ ęȱȱȱĚ¢ȱǰȱ lymphocytes. Cy: tubular cyst, Ep: epidermis, mainly lymphocytes and macrophages, was DZȱǰȱDZȱǰȱȱęȱǻǼǰȱ haemorrhagic area (arrow). ȱȱȱȱȱȱĚ¢ȱ- ȱǻȱŘǼǯȱ ȱȱěȱǰȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ et al., 2002; Hassan et al., 2014; Langenmayer ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ et al., 2015). To date, there are three reports on was noticeable (Figure 3). dermocystidiosis in neon tetra (Reichenbach- Klinke, 1982; Lewisch, 2010; Langenmayer et al., In recent years, organisms belonging to the class 2015). In this study, the lesions observed were Mesomycetozoea have been considered a risk to ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ aquatic and terrestrial animals (Mendoza et al., ęȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱęǯȱȱDerȬ 2002; Glockling et al., 2013; Blazer et al., 2016). mocystis pusulaȱ·£ȱ ȱȱȱȱŗşŖŝȱ ȱȱȱDermocystidium sp. have been ȱ ǰȱěȱȱȱDermoȬ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęǰȱ cystidiumȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ resulting in dermocystidiosis that has a high ȱȱȱęȱȱǰȱȱȱ mortality rate (Schäperclaus, 1992; Hassan et ȱȱǻ ¢ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗřǼǯȱȱęȱ ǯǰȱŘŖŗŚǼǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¤ȱȱǻȱȱȱ£ǰȱŘŖŖŖǼǰȱ ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ while recently Fujimoto et al. (2018) reported ȱȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱǻȱ ȱȱDermocystidium sp. in the hybrid ŝŜǰȱǯȱǯȱǯȱȱǯǰȱřŞǻŘǼȱŘŖŗŞ ȱȱȱȱǯȱǰȱ prevention through good management practices is the best control measure to minimise disease ȱȱęȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ęȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ aquarium. We wish to thank M. Fiorella Alvarado Pinedo and Gabriel Travería (Centro de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Veterinariasǰȱ Ǽȱȱȱ technical assistance in bacteriological analysis. ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ English text. References APHA (1992). American Public Health ǯȱȱȱȱȱ ¡ȱȱ ȱȱ ǯŗŞth edition, Washington DC. pp. 1316. Figure 3. a) Normal epidermal tissue with mucous £ȱǰȱ Ĵȱǰȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱ cells (arrows); b) Epidermal tissue near to the and Adams CR (2016). Dermocystidium sp. ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ with cytoplasmic vacuolisation (arrows) and loss Maryland. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health ȱȱȱǰȱȦ ȱǯȱDZȱ 28(3), 143-149. epidermis, D: dermis, M: muscle, Sc: scale. ȱȱǻŘŖŖŗǼǯȱȱę¢ǰȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ęȱȱǻColossoma macropomum Cuvier ȱǰȱ£ȱȮȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱPiaractus brachypomus Cuvier male) Piaba (1989–99). 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(Merr. & Perry), y%20Exportaci%C3%B3n%20de%20 ȱ·ȱ£ȱ¢ȱàȱȱ Organismos%20Acu%C3%A1ticos%20 labores rutinarias de manipulación de peces Ornamentales%20durante%20el%202014. marinos cultivados. Boletín Instituto Español ǯ de Oceanografía 18, 21-23. Plaul SE, Andrés Laube PF, Pacheco Marino Glockling SL, Marshall WL, Gozlan RE, SG, Santamaría Martín CJ, Moyano DA Marano AV, Lilje O and Gleason FH and Barbeito CG (ŘŖŗŝǼǯȱMorphological (2013). The ecological and economic techniques used in ichthyopathological ȱȱ£ȱ¢£ȱ diagnosis. In “Microscopy and imaging ǻ¢Ǽȱȱȱ ȱę. science approaches to applied research and In “Freshwater Fungi and Fungal-like education” A. Méndez-Vilas Eds. Zaragoza, Organisms” Jones EBG, Hyde KD, Pang Ûǯȱpp. 269-280. KL, editors. Berlin, Germany. pp. 203-216. ȱ ȱ ǻŘŖŖŝǼǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Hassan MA, Osman HAM and Mahmoud MA ȱ ȱȱę¢ȱ ȱ (2014). Studies on Dermocystidiosis (yellow ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱǼȱȱȱȱęȱ £ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ǰȱ uk market. UAKARI 3ǰȱŝȬśŗǯȱ Saudi Arabia. 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