2013 ( 1)  ( 35 )      _           Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (35) No. (1) 2013

,,-  . rabiei      =,   /: ­ 9< 89 Alfalfa mosaic virus / 0 1 2 3 ­  = ?

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( ( 2013 / 1 / 14 D3 = @J . 2012 / 8 / 26 F : G  )

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. .   M JLN M     M 9 1 , =  J J M 9  L < * .   M JLN M     M 9 1 , =  J J M 9  L < ** . .   M JLN M     M 9 1 , (M   ) 9     ***

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2013 ( 1)  ( 35 )      _           Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (35) No. (1) 2013

Effect of Mixed Infection of Ascochyta rabiei and Alfalfa mosaic Virus on the Symptoms of Infection and Yielding Components of Plant

Dr. Ibtisam Ghazal * Dr. Basel Al Kay ** Reem Ghareeb ***

(Received 26 / 8 / 2012. Accepted 14 / 1 /201 3)

 ABSTRACT 

The interaction between Ascochyta rabiei and alfalfa mosaic virus in mixed infection was studied on two genotypes of Chickpea Gab3 and Gab5. The results showed no effect on the period of incubation for the two pathogens. Mixed infection plants exhibited more severe symptoms of A.rabiei when compared with those plants affected only by A.rabiei ; while this infection never affected the symptoms of the virus. The number of pods and their weights, both wet and dry, decreased in infected plants of A. rabiei and Amv when compared with healthy ones. The loss in pod number was between 76.7 - 80.68% to 88.5-90.81% for wet weight, and 90.6-90.50% for dry weight. On the other hand, when comparing infected plants with A. rabiei with those of both A. rabiei and AMV, it was found that the loss in number of pods was about 28% -57.5%. It was about 54-67.03% for the wet weight, and 53-67.03% for the dry weight. Yet, mixed infection showed no effects compared with plants infected with the virus only.

Key words : Chickpea, interaction, Ascochyta rabiei , alfalfa mosaic virus

*Associate Professor- Plant Protection Department- Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University- Latakia- Syria. ** Associate Professor- Plant Protection Department- Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University- Latakia- Syria. *** Postgradute student- Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University- Latakia- Syria.

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172 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )1 . ( 35 ) %B B   / %.   < .B %B

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174 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )1 . ( 35 ) %B B   / %.   < .B %B

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76.74  >  80.68 80.68 77.27 77.27 54.54 76.74 76.74 76.74 67.44 =  > /%  C< 8.23 8.23 8.07 8.08 7.89 8.05 LSD ,

 +   ) 0  '%  > 

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 >  0 15 15 0 0 0 =  >

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176 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )1 . ( 35 ) %B B   / %.   < .B %B

3. A 5 . A =/ `  2       9 Z = E S .=  X-  E 1  : ( 3) @ 3 A  5 A 

    C<     C<   / f^ 3 / f^ 3      / f^ 3 / f^ 3    /% /% _ ) f.    > > _ ) f.    > >     0.60 0.62 0.65 0.81 1.82 6.32 0.61 0.63 0.69 0.93 1.5 6  > 1' %.  +   ) 0  '%

 >  71.20 90.50 90.18 89.71 87.18 89.83 89.50 88.50 84.50 75 1'

=  > /%  C< 6.10 6.10 6.07 5.80 5.79 5.82 LSD ,  +   ) 0  '%  > 

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#@. >   %. #@. >   %. LSD , 1  @ . 1  @ .

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178 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )1 . ( 35 ) %B B   / %.   < .B %B

3. A 5 . A =/ `  2       9 Z = E S .=  V   E 1  : ( 4) @ 3 A  5 A   C<  C<           / f^ 3 / f^ 3    / f^ 3 / f^ 3    ) f. /% ) f. /%    > >    > > _ _     0.60 0.62 0.65 0.81 1.82 6.32 0.40 0.46 0.47 0.58 1 5  > 1' %.  +    ) 0  '%

1'  > 90.50 90.18 89.71 87.18 71.20 92 90.8 90.6 88.4 80 =  > /%  C< 3.9 4.20 3.95 3.89 3.87 3.91 LSD ,  +    ) 0  '% 1'  >

67 65.93 64.28 60 54 53 =  >  %. > 1.16 1.18 1.14 1.04 1.02 1.06 LSD ,  +    ) 0  '% 1'  >

25.92 23.45 19.75 31.03 20.68 18.96 =  >   %. > a= 0.05 >P= 0.89 a= 0.05 >P= 0.61 #,  B  ^ ) #,  B  ^ )

  %.   .   %.   . LSD , @ . #@. > @ . #@. > 1  1 

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:b :b   .  . SPSS "% < ¯)  " / '  #  B\ %" . )  ; . " ,B r 1 . . 454 , 2006 , D  , < % %C ,$ 2- ANDRES; REYES, A.; KAILASH, C.; CHADHA. Interaction between Fusraium f. sp. Conglutinans and Turnip mosaic virus in Brassica campestris Var. chinensis seedlings, Phytopathology Vol.62,1972,1424-1428. 3- ATAGA, A. E.;EPTONT, H. A. S.; and FROT, R. R. Interaction of virus-infected celery and Septoria apiicola. ,Vol. 8,1999, 620-626. 4- BAINS, S. S.; and PARKASH, V. Increased susceptibility to pseudoperonospora cubensis in virus infected cucurbita pepo genotypes. Phytoparasitica, Vol. 12, (3-4), 1984, 183-188. 5- BOSQUE-PEREZ, N.A.; and BUDDENHAGEN, I.W. Studies on epidemiology of virus disease of chickpea in California . Plant Disease, Vol. 74,1990, 372-378. 6- DAMSTEEGT, V. D.; and BONDE, M. R. Interaction between maize streak virus and downy mildew fungi in susceptible maize cultivars . Plant disease. Vol. 77,1993, 390- 392. 7- HAYATI, J; RISHI, N; and CHAND, J. N . Effect of Bottle mosaic virus on Powdery mildew development in Bottle gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria (Mol.) Standl). Vol.97, No.6,1987, 475-479. 8_ IQBAL, S. M.; GHAFOORA.; AYUBN.; AHMAD, I.; and BAKHSH, A. Effect of ascochyta blight on the productivity of chickpea . Pak. J. Botany, Vol.35,2003, 431- 437. 9 - KAISER, W.J.; and DANESH, D. biology of four viruses affecting arietinum L. in Iran . Phytopathology,Vol. 64,1971, 372-375. 10 - KUMAR, P.L. ; KUMARI, S.M..G & WALIYAR, F . Virus Diseases of Chickpea, in chapter 18in Characterization, Diagnosis & Management of Plant Viruses. Vegetable and plus cropse, Vol.3, 2006, 22. 11- LENTONEN, P.; HELANDER, M.; SIDDIQUI, S. A.; LEHTON.; SAIKKONEN, K. Endophytic decreases plantvirus infection in Meedow ryegrass . Vol.22,2006,620-623. 12- MAKKOUK, K.M.; BOS, L. & AZZAM, O.I. A preliminary survey of viruses affecting broad bean, lentil and chickpea in Middle East and North Africa . International Food Research Conference. Held in July, 1986. 13- MAKKOUK, K.M.; S. Kumari. Detection of ten viruses by tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) , Arab Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 14,1996,3-9

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14- MALIK, R. S.; IQBAL, U.; AHMAD, I.; HAQQANI, M. A. Response of chickpea lines to ascochyta rabiei at two growing stages . Pluses programe, National Agriculture research center. Vol.3,No.2,2005, 173-177. 15- MCKIRDY,S; & JONES, R;. Virus diseased of . Department of Agriculture and Food , Plant pathology.Vol.16,No.97,2005,3. 16- MEYER, M. D. Studies on sweet corn:Stewart’s wilt forecasting, the effect of maize dwarf mosaic on foliar diseases and herbicide sensitivity . M.S. thesis. University of Illinois,Urbana ,2010. 17- MEYER, M. D.; and PATAKY, J. K . Increased severity of fungal foliar diseases on sweet corn infected with maize dwarf mosaic . Phytopathology. Vol. 98,2008,1-3. 18- MEYER, M. D.; and PATAKY, J. K. Increased severity of foliar diseases of sweet corn infected with maize dwarf mosaic and sugarcane mosaic viruses . University of Illinois.Vol.94,No.9,2010,1093-1099. 19- NAVAS-CORTES, J. A. ; Trapero-Casas, A.; JIMENEZ, R. M. Influence of relative humidity and temperature on development of Didymella rabiei on chickpea debris . Plant Pathology, Vol. 47, No. 1, 1998, 57-66(10). 20- NENE, Y.L.; SHEILA, V.K.; & SHRMA, S.B . A world list of Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L) and Pigeon ( Cajanus eagan L. Millsp.) pathogens . Pulse pathogens ICRISAT, Pulse Pathology Progress Report. No. 32, 1984, 21- NITZANY, F. E. Synergism between Pythium ultimum and cucumber mosaic virus. Phytopathology. Vol. 56,1966, 1386-1389. 22- OMAR, S. A. M.;BAILISS, K. W.; and CHAPMAN,G. P. Virus-induced changes in the response of faba bean to infection by Botrytis. Plant Pathol.Vol. 35,1986,86-92. 23- REDDY, M. V; and KABBABEH, S. Pathogenic variability and race establishment of Ascochyta rabiei in Syria and Lebanon .Plant Dis. Vol. 69,1985,177 24- SCOTT, D. H. Effect of barley yellow dwarf virus infection on the development of root rot caused by Cochliobolus sativus in Avena sativa and Triticum durum. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Illinois,1968, 106. 25- SCHWARTZ, F. H.; GENT, H . D .; MIKKELSON, M; & RIESSELMAN, J. Ascochyta blight of chickpea. Pulse Crops,2007, 3 P. 26- SWARD, R. M; and KOLLMORGEN, J. F . The separate and combined effects of Barley yellow dwarf virus and Take all fungus Gaeumannomyes graminis Var. tritici on the growth and yield of wheat . Australian journal of Agricultural research.Vol. 37(1),1986, 11-22. 27- VIR, S.; GREWAL, J. S . Physiologic specialization in Ascochyta arabiei the causal organism of gram blight . India, Phytopathology.Vol. 27,1974, 355-360.

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