Lignitul Activitatea Miniera

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Lignitul Activitatea Miniera SECTORUL RESURSELOR ENERGETICE MINERALE LIGNITUL ACTIVITATEA MINIERA APRILIE 2016 1 Cuprins 1. Date generale..............................................................................................................................................3 2. Date generale asupra geologiei regiunii.......................................................................................................4 3. Date generale asupra geologiei zăcămintelor de substanţe minerale utile ...................................................5 4. Situaţia căilor de acces la zăcăminte............................................................................................................5 5. Potenţialul minier existent în regiune şi situaţia actuală a acestuia..............................................................6 6. Perimetre miniere aflate in exploatare si funcţiune .....................................................................................9 Bazinul minier Rovinari .......................................................................................................................................9 Bazinul minier Motru Jilţ .....................................................................................................................................9 Bazinul minier Ruget Berbeşti ...........................................................................................................................10 Bazinul minier Mehedinţi..................................................................................................................................11 7. Mine, cariere închise .................................................................................................................................13 8. Situaţia actuală a Complexului Energetic Oltenia .......................................................................................14 9. Analiza diagnostic......................................................................................................................................17 10. Obiectivul Activităţii Miniere din Complexul Energetic Oltenia...............................................................21 11. Prognoza preţului de vânzare al energiei electrice .................................................................................23 12. Concluzii................................................................................................................................................24 2 1. Date generale Arealul de răspândire a zăcământului de lignit din Oltenia aparţine din punct de vedere geografic Subcarpaţilor Olteniei şi Podişului Getic, paralel cu marginea sudică a Carpaţilor Meridionali, (Fig. 1.)1. Subcarpaţii delimitează la nord depozitele purtătoare de cărbuni, fiind alcătuiţi din formaţiuni neogene cu structuri cutate. Morfologic sunt caracterizaţi de depresiuni intracolinare (sinclinale) de natură tectonică sau de eroziune şi culmi deluroase (anticlinale). Podişul getic se dezvoltă la periferia Subcarpaţilor şi se individualizează prin culmi deluroase cu altitudini ce scad treptat de la Nord la Sud. ÎNCADRAREA GEOGRAFICA A PRIMETRELOR MINIERE DIN OLTENIA 15 16 17 18 19 11 10 6 7 8 9 10 6 11 3 4 8 5 12 2 4 5 9 3 7 13 14 1 2 1 PERIMETRE DE EXPLOATARE LA ZI 1. Husnicioara, 2. Lupoaia, 3. Rosiuta, 4. Jilt Nord, 5. Jilt Sud, 6. Tismana II, 7. Tismana I, 8. Gârla, 9. Rovinari Est, 10. Pinoasa, 11. Rosia, 12. Pesteana Nord, 13. Urdari, 14. Pesteana Sud, 15. Seciuri, 16. Ruget, 17. Oltet, 18. Berbesti, 19. Panga. PERIMETRE DE EXPLOATARE SUBTERANA 1. Zegujani, 2. Horasti, 3. Leurda, 4. Plostina, 5. Lupoaia, 6. Rosiuta, 7. Tehomir, 8. Farcasesti, 9. Urdari, 10. Albeni, 11. Cerna. Fig. 1. Încadrarea în regiune a perimetrelor în care se exploatează zăcământul de lignit din Oltenia Aparţinând zonei subcarpatice, clima este temperat continentală, temperatura medie anuala având uşoare diferenţe doar între zonele colinare şi cele de depresiune şi luncă. 1 Realizat Oprea Scorţariu, PROD-MIN 24-26 iunie 2002 3 Astfel, în zonele colinare, temperaturile medii anuale au valori cuprinse între 9 - 10 C, iar în depresiuni între 10 - 11 C. Temperaturile minime variază în zona luncilor între -2 C şi -3 C iar în zona colinară între -1 C şi -2 C. Temperaturile medii lunare oscilează între -2,5 C în luna ianuarie şi +22.6 C în luna iulie. Precipitaţiile medii anuale sunt cuprinse între 600 şi 800 mm, înregistrându-se valori maxime în lunile mai şi iunie, iar cele mai reduse în lunile februarie şi martie. Condiţiile climaterice prin precipitaţiile bogate sunt favorabile acumulării apelor subterane. 2. Date generale asupra geologiei regiunii Unitatea structurală majoră din care fac parte zăcămintele din Nordul Olteniei este “Depresiunea Getică”, (Fig. 2.)2 o depresiune premontană, care a preluat funcţia de arie de sedimentare, evoluând ca atare în Paleogen şi Neogen. Fig. 2. Regiunea de Nord a Olteniei - Depresiunea Getică 2 Fragment din Harta Geologică a României scara 1:1 000 000 4 Depresiunea premontană, formată în timpul mişcărilor Laramice, a suportat ulterior un proces de sedimentare care a început din Paleogen şi pe parcursul căruia s-au remarcat mai multe discontinuităţi, care nu au un caracter general. Formaţiunile sedimentare ale Depresiunii Getice corespund intervalului Paleogen - Cuaternar şi însumează grosimi de mii de metrii. 3. Date generale asupra geologiei zăcămintelor de substanţe minerale utile Ultimele studii întreprinse pe parcursul mai multor ani de N. Ţicleanu et. al. între 1985-1987 şi I. Andreescu et. al. au dus la împărţirea depozitelor Dacian - Romaniene în trei formaţiuni litostratigrafice. Această împărţire reprezintă o fragmentare locală a depozitelor amintite Formaţiunea de Jiu Motru înglobându-le pe celelalte două (Formaţiunea de Berbeşti şi Formaţiunea de Cîndeşti), cu diferenţe litostratigrafice specifice fiecărei zone. De asemenea se poate constata caracterul comprehensiv al formaţiunii de Jiu - Motru ce include atât dacianul cât şi romanianul. 4. Situaţia căilor de acces la zăcăminte Zăcămintele de lignit exploatabile industrial în Oltenia sunt grupate pe bazine miniere în principal după structura geologică şi după beneficiari. Bazinul minier Rovinari cu perimetrele Tismana I, Tismana II, Rovinari Est, Gârla, Pinoasa, Roşia de Jiu, Peşteana Nord, Peşteana Sud, accesul cu principalele centre industriale se poate realiza: Rutier E79 - Targu Jiu – Rovinari – Bâlteni – Turceni - Filiaşi - Craiova Cale Ferată Targu Jiu – Rovinari – Turceni – Filiaşi – Craiova Bazinul minier Motru cu perimetrele Lupoaia, Roşiuţa, accesul cu principalele centre industriale se poate realiza: Rutier DN67 - Targu Jiu – Motru – Drobeta Turnu Severin Cale Ferată Motru – Strehaia – Filiaşi – Craiova 5 Motru – Strehaia – Filiaşi – Turceni Bazinul minier Jilţ cu perimetrele Jilţ Nord, Jilţ Sud, Tehomir accesul cu principalele centre industriale se poate realiza: Rutier DN67 - Targu Jiu – Calnic – DJ673 – Mătăsari – Turceni – E79 – Filiaş - Craiova Cale Ferată Dragoteşti – Turceni – Filiaşi – Craiova Motru – Strehaia – Filiaşi – Turceni Bazinul minier Berbeşti cu perimetrele Olteţ, Panga, Berbeşti Vest, accesul cu principalele centre industriale se poate realiza: Rutier E79 - Targu Jiu – Milostea – DJ676 – Berbeşti - Alunu E79 – Râmnicu Vâlcea – Horezu – Milostea – DJ676 – Berbeşti - Alunu Cale Ferată Alunu – Berbe ti – Băbeni - Govora – Râmnicu Vâlcea Alunu – Berbe şti – Băbeni – Piatra Olt - Craiova Bazinul minierş Mehedinţi cu perimetrul Husnicioara, accesul cu principalele centre industriale se poate realiza: Rutier E70 – Craiova – Filiaşi - Strehaia – Drobeta Turnu Severin – DJ607 – Husnicioara DN67 – Motru – Drobeta Turnu Severin – DJ607 – Husnicioara Cale Ferată Drobeta Turnu Severin – Strehaia – Filiaşii - Craiova Drobeta Turnu Severin – Caransebeş – Lugoj – Timişoara – Arad 5. Potenţialul minier existent în regiune şi situaţia actuală a acestuia LIGNITUL Descrierea generală a istoriei exploatării zăcămintelor analizate Activitatea de extracţie a lignitului în Bazinul Minier al Olteniei se desfăşoară pe teritoriul a trei judeţe, Gorj, Mehedinţi şi Vâlcea, în 17 perimetre miniere din care 16 perimetre exploatate prin lucrări miniere la zi şi 1 perimetru exploatat prin lucrări miniere subterane. Coordonarea activităţii de exploatare se realizează prin Unităţi Miniere de Cariera care administrativ pot grupa mai multe perimetre. 6 Capacitatea de producţie proiectată este de 35 milioane tone/an lignit energetic, fiind determinată de dotarea tehnică, baza materială şi condiţiile tehnologice. Baza materială este constituită din rezervele de lignit cantonate în perimetrele miniere concesionate care se cifrează la cca. 300 milioane tone lignit energetic, teritorial administrativ fiind repartizate astfel: Gorj - 88%, Mehedinţi –2%, Vâlcea – 10%. Puterea calorifică a lignitului exploatat este cuprinsă între 1,7-2,2 Gcal/t, conţinutul de sulf al lignitului încadrându-se în intervalul 0,5% -1,5 %. Consumatorii lignitului exploatat în aceste perimetrele sunt termocentralele Rovinari, Turceni, Craiova şi Işalniţa, precum şi centralele termice, CET Halânga, CET Govora, CET Arad, CET Oradea, COLTERM Timişoara, UATA Motru, şi Instituţiile Publice şi consumatorii casnici din regiune. Tehnologii de exploatare a lignitului Procesul de extracţie a lignitului în exploatările la zi cuprinde următoarele operaţii tehnologice: Excavarea se realizează în flux continuu cu excavatoare cu rotor din gama SRs1300, SRs1400, SRs2000, pe trepte de lucru cu înălţimi de 25 - 30 m şi capacităţi de excavare între 2800
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