A Search of the Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System

Appendix 5

Aboriginal and European Heritage

Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Aboriginal Heritage

A search of the Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System (AHIMS) maintained by the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage was undertaken on 3 October 2012 to investigate recorded Aboriginal sites and declared places in respect to the proposed Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases. The search was divided into two sections - Callala Bay and Vincentia.

It should be noted that during the mapping of the recorded sites, using data provided on the extensive search report, it was identified that three sites within the Callala Bay area were mapped as being within the marine environment of Jervis Bay.

To clarify the location of these sites a copy of the data record was obtained from the AHIMS registrar. After examination of these records it was found that two of the recorded sites were actually land based sites. The third site had unfortunately been misreported and was actually located at Albion Park 45 km to the north of Jervis Bay. Figure 1 provides a reference to the location of these Aboriginal heritage sites.

Figure 1: Aboriginal heritage sites located near the proposed leases in Jervis Bay (Source: Fisheries NSW, 2012).

The records were obtained from the AHIMS which can be accessed through the following webpage: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/licences/AboriginalHeritageInformationManagementSystem.htm

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Search Results - Callala Bay

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Site Record 58-2-0312

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Site Record 58-2-0145

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Site record 58-2-0432

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Search Results - Vincentia

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

European Heritage A search of the Maritime Heritage database maintained by the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage was undertaken to investigate recorded maritime heritage sites in respect of the proposed Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases. Figure 2 provides a reference to the location of the European heritage sites.

Figure 2: Location of European heritage sites within Jervis Bay (Source: Fisheries NSW, 2012). The following records were obtained from the Maritime Heritage database which can be accessed through the following webpage - http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/MaritimeHeritage/index.htm

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Wandra History Wreckage lies in 26m near Drum and Drumsticks, eastern side of Beecroft Peninsula. A wooden screw steamer, 164 tons gross, 36.72m length, built at Coopernook, NSW in 1907. Register of British Shipping, Sydney, folio 31 of 1907, Official No. 121183. Wrecked when swamped by heavy seas on a voyage from Moruya to Sydney on 15 December 1915. Depth of site ~26m

Diver on Wandra wreck site. Photograph by Peter Booth Ship information Type: Steamer screw Construction: Wood Primary industry: Transport Sub-industry: cargo - coastal Gross tonnage: 164 Net tonnage: 71 Length (mtrs): 36.72 Beam (mtrs): 7.924 Draft (mtrs): 1.767 Cargo: Full Cargo Engine: Compound Country built: AUSTRALIA State built: New South Wales Port built: Manning River, Coopernook builder: Unknown Port registered: Sydney When built: 1907 Registration number: 31/1907 Official number: 121183 Sources: NMH & Miners' Advocate 17/12/1915; 8/3/1916 SMH 17/12, 20/12/1915 Lloyd's Register 1913-14 RBS Comments: Depth of site ~26m Wreck event When lost: 1915/12/15 Where lost: Jervis Bay, Drum & Drumsticks Wrecked/Refloated: Wrecked Sinking: Heavy seas, swamped From port: Moruya To port: Sydney Master: Capt Reuben Lucey Owner: Allan Taylor & Co Ltd Crew: 12 Passengers: 0 Crew deaths: 0 Passenger deaths: 0 Total deaths: 0 Location Maximum latitude: 35.04661111111 Minimum latitude: Unknown Maximum longitude: 150.83800000000 Minimum longitude: Unknown Datum used: AGD66 Management Found: Yes Inspected: NO Protected: Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 Jurisdiction: Federal Protection notes: Unknown Signage: Unknown

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Merimbula History

The Merimbula ran up onto Whale Point at Currarong on the night of 27 March, 1928, later sinking down the steeply shelving reef. Ordered by the Illawarra and South Coast Steam Navigation Company following the loss of the Bega in 1908, the 64metre vessel was built by the Ailsa Shipbuilding Company of Troon, Scotland. Merimbula was launched in 1909. Fitted with twin triple expansion engines, the vessel was capable of 14 knots. Merimbula had accommodation for 96 first class and 10 second class passengers. The Merimbula was immediately put into service in the southern trade, the normal run taking in the ports of The anchor. Photograph by Sydney, Bermagui, Tathra, Merimbula and Eden. David Nutley The Merimbula departed Sydney for Eden on 25 March, 1928. At 1 a.m. on the morning of 27 March 1928, the thirteen passengers were awoken by the grinding impact of the vessel driving on Beecroft Peninsula in heavy rain. The crew battled to free the lifeboats that got stuck. Rescue rockets were fired but there was no answer. Captain O'Connor believed the vessel was in no immediate danger and sent the passengers back to the lounge, still with their lifejackets on. There they spent the remainder of the night drinking coffee and eating sandwiches. Rain continued the following morning as the lifeboats were lowered. The passengers were rowed across to the mouth of Currarong Creek where they The exposed bow of the found shelter in a fisherman's hut. Merimbula began to sink and later salvage Merimbula. Photograph by attempts were cancelled. The wreck site has been located, the bow high and dry David Nutley on exposed reef. Depth of submerged portion of site ~13m. Database Ship information Type: Steamer screw Construction: Steel Primary industry: Transport Sub-industry: passengers - coastal Gross tonnage: 1111 Net tonnage: 455 Length (mtrs): 63.88 Beam (mtrs): 9.814 Draft (mtrs): 6.958 Cargo: Mixed Engine: Triple expansion Country built: UNITED KINGDOM State built: Scotland Port built: Ayrshire, Troon builder: Ailsa Shipbuilding Company Port registered: Sydney When built: 1909 Registration 3/1910 Official number: 125225 number: Sources: SMH 28/3, 29/3/28 Sunday Times 16/3/1913 RBS Comments: Twin screw steamer. The site lies in about 13 metres of water. Wreck event When lost: 1928/03/27 Where lost: Jervis Bay, Beecroft Head Wrecked/Refloated: Wrecked Sinking: Ran aground From port: Sydney To port: Bermagui Master: T. O'connor Owner: Illawarra and South Coast Steam Navigation Company Crew: 33 Passengers: 13 Crew deaths: 0 Passenger 0 deaths: Total deaths: 0 Location Maximum latitude: 35.00444444444 Minimum Unknown latitude:

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Maximum longitude: 150.82833333333 Minimum Unknown longitude: Datum used: AGD66 Management Found: Yes Inspected: Yes Protected: Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 Jurisdiction: Federal Protection notes: Unknown Signage: Plaque on track to Whale Head - Dpt of Lands

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Mercury History

The Mercury was a wooden schooner of which few details are known except that the owner was Mr Reibey. The Mercury was wrecked half an hour before the Endeavour (above) and at about the same place. The keel broke after striking a rock. The vessel became unmanageable after the rudder was lost on a sandbank. The remains of the schooner have not been found. Database Ship information Type: Schooner Construction: Wood Primary industry: Transport Sub-industry: cargo - coastal Gross tonnage: Unknown Net tonnage: Unknown Length (mtrs): Unknown Beam (mtrs): Unknown Draft (mtrs): Unknown Cargo: Timber (cedar) Engine: NA Country built: Unknown State built: Unknown Port built: Unknown builder: Unknown Port registered: Unknown When built: Unknown Registration Unknown Official number: Unknown number: Sources: Sydney Gazette 13/3, 20/3/1813 Comments: Wrecked at around the same time and place as the schooner 'Endeavour'. Stole 8-9 fish from Aboriginal camp site during return overland. Wreck event When lost: 1813/03/02 Where lost: Shoalhaven Wrecked/Refloated: Wrecked Sinking: lost rudder on sandbank. struck rock and broke keel From port: Unknown To port: Unknown Master: Unknown Owner: Mr Reibey Crew: Unknown Passengers: Unknown Crew deaths: Unknown Passenger deaths: Unknown Total deaths: Unknown Location Maximum latitude: 35.016667 Minimum latitude: 34.751333 Maximum longitude: Unknown Minimum longitude: 150.734667 Datum used: Not set Management Found: No Inspected: No Protected: Historic Shipwrecks Act Jurisdiction: Federal 1976 Protection notes: Unknown Signage: Unknown

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Plutus History

Plutus Creek and Plutus Reef at Currarong were named after the iron collier Plutus that ran ashore there on 9 December 1882. The 76.20 m steamer proved a bad loss for the owners, Kish Brothers. Laid down at North Shields in the United Kingdom, the collier had a net tonnage of 812 tons and began operations in the Newcastle to Melbourne coal trade. The Plutus could accommodate 1700 tons of coal including Diagram of the Plutus bunkering space, and was reputedly fitted with the "newest and most efficient wreck site mechanical appliances for cargo haulage; coal could be loaded through any of four large hatches". The steamer left Newcastle for Melbourne with a quantity of coal and 20 crew, sailing easily past Sydney in the afternoon. The Plutus was under charter by J & A Brown of Newcastle and Sydney. Captain Kish was in charge when the vessel ran ashore in a dense fog some ten miles inside its intended course. While the engine was put astern and the vessel steered hard to starboard, it soon settled in a difficult position broadside to the beach. Now aground in the surf zone, breakers carried over the Site of the Plutus wreck vessel continuously. The night was very dark and the boats could not be launched owing to the waves. Distress rockets were fired every ten minutes for an hour. By morning the seas began to abate and the crew were able to land all moveable items. However, by evening the vessel was found to have broken its back near the funnel and was a total loss. The wreck site has been located in ~4m water. Ship information Type: Steamer screw Construction: Iron Primary industry: Transport Sub-industry: cargo - coastal Gross tonnage: 1259 Net tonnage: 812 Length (mtrs): 76.2 Beam (mtrs): 11.8 Draft (mtrs): 4.1 Cargo: Coal, 1589 Tons Engine: Compound Country built: UNITED KINGDOM State built: Unknown Port built: North Shields builder: Unknown Port registered: London When built: 1882 Registration number: Unknown Official number: 85138 Sources: SMH 12/12, 14/12, 15/12/1882 Shoalhaven Telegraph 21/12/1882 Comments: Plutus Reef and Plutus Creek gained their names from this wreck event. The site lies in about 4 metres of water. Wreck event When lost: 1882/12/09 Where lost: Jervis Bay, north of, on sand near Plutus Reef Wrecked/Refloated: Wrecked Sinking: Ran aground at night From port: Newcastle To port: Melbourne Master: Unknown Owner: Unknown Crew: 21 Passengers: 0 Crew deaths: 0 Passenger deaths: 0 Total deaths: 0 Location Maximum latitude: 35.01000000000 Minimum latitude: Unknown Maximum longitude: 150.80833300000 Minimum longitude: Unknown Datum used: AGD66 Management Found: Yes Inspected: Yes

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Protected: Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 Jurisdiction: Federal Protection notes: Unknown Signage: Unknown

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Fairy Firefly (VX381) Aircraft History There is no description available for this site at this time.

Ship information Type: Other Construction: Aluminium Primary industry: Defence Sub-industry: naval Gross tonnage: Unknown Net tonnage: Unknown Length (mtrs): 12 Beam (mtrs): 13 Draft (mtrs): Unknown Cargo: Unknown Engine: V12 2250Hp Rolls Royce Griffin 74 Country built: UNITED KINGDOM State built: Unknown Port built: Unknown builder: Unknown Port registered: HMAS Albatross When built: 1949 Registration number: Unknown Official number: Unknown Sources: Unknown Comments: Wreck event When lost: 1949/04/04 Where lost: Jervis Bay Wrecked/Refloated: Wrecked Sinking: Mid air collision From port: HMAS Albatross Nowra To port: HMAS Albatross Nowra Master: Unknown Owner: Unknown Crew: 2 Passengers: Unknown Crew deaths: 2 Passenger deaths: Unknown Total deaths: 2 Location Maximum latitude: 35.01508333333 Minimum latitude: Unknown Maximum longitude: 150.73855000000 Minimum longitude: Unknown Datum used: Not set Management Found: Yes Inspected: NO Protected: NSW Heritage Act 1977 Jurisdiction: State Protection notes: Unknown Signage: Unknown

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Commonwealth Heritage Places

A search was also undertaken using the EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Tool to identify any matters of National Environmental Significance (NES) or other matters protected under the EPBC Act which may relate to or occur in the area of the proposed Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases.

The search tool identified 11 Commonwealth Heritage Places (Beecroft Peninsula, Jervis Bay Territory, Crocodile Head Area, Currarong Rockshelters Area, Cape St George Lighthouse Ruins and Curtilage, Christians Minde Settlement, Jervis Bay Botanic Gardens, Point Perpendicular Lightstation, Royal Australian Naval College, Hive Survivor Camp, Jervis Bay Fishing Heritage Area) within the locality of Jervis Bay. Figure 3 outlines the location of many of these heritage matters protected by the EPBC Act.

Figure 3: Location of other matters protected by the EPBC Act (Source: Fisheries NSW, 2012).

The following overview of the identified 11 Commonwealth Heritage Places has been provided from extracts from the Australian Heritage Database.

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Beecroft Peninsula

The Beecroft Peninsula is the best example of a Permian cliffed coast in New South Wales. The area supports a high diversity of vegetation types within a small area including mangroves, saltmarsh, freshwater swamps, heathland, eucalypt forest and subtropical and littoral rainforest. Beecroft Peninsula retains the largest area of heath remaining on the south coast of New South Wales (Web Reference 1).

Point Perpendicular Lightstation, erected in 1899, is of particular historical importance as the documentary evidence suggests that the lighthouse represents the culmination of research and experiment by the Colonial Architects Office into building methods readily adaptable to the materials available on site. The Lighthouse shows an innovative use of precast concrete and was the first constructed using this technique (Web Reference 1).

The area of Commonwealth land on the Beecroft Peninsula at Jervis Bay is of particular significance to the Jerinja and Wreck Bay Aboriginal communities as part of their traditions. Their stories describe the movement of ancestral beings, including Bundoola, Spandula, the Bip Bip women and others, as they formed the landscape, people and the law. The Beecroft Hill area, the Devils Hole area, The Drum and Drumsticks area and the Duck Hole area form part of these stories while the southern part of Jervis Bay has strong cultural associations for women. The stories of the activities of ancestral beings create links with neighbouring regions and Aboriginal people with traditional links to the area say that Jervis Bay is the birthplace of the thirteen tribes of the south coast (Web Reference 1).

There are a large numbers of middens mainly located near the beaches on the southern and western sides of the Peninsular that contain evidence of past patterns of Aboriginal exploitation of marine resources. They form part of the continuing tradition of marine resource use among the Wreck Bay and Jerinja Aboriginal communities. Other sites providing evidence of past Aboriginal activity in the area include rockshelters with occupation debris, artefact scatters, grinding grooves ceremonial grounds and rock shelters with paintings and stencils on the walls. Some of the stylistic elements in the paintings are unique and a number of the motifs can be interpreted by members of the Jerinja Aboriginal community in the context of their traditional stories (Web Reference 1).

Jervis Bay Territory

The Commonwealth owned Jervis Bay Territory, including Bherwerre Peninsula, Bowen Island, and that part of Jervis Bay from Captains Point to Bowen Island, occurs near the southern boundary of the Hawkesbury Sandstone. Accordingly it has a high diversity of plants and represents a northern or southern distribution limit for 33 species of plants. There are 625 indigenous plant species in the place, occurring in 38 communities on Bherwerre

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Peninsula and 14 communities on Bowen Island. Dominant vegetation types include forests, woodlands, heathlands and shrublands. The place includes well preserved examples of mangrove, saltmarsh and littoral rainforest communities (Web Reference 2).

The area is home to the Koori people of Wreck Bay who have always lived in, and have strong cultural ties to, the area. These cultural ties are evidenced today through oral traditions, the knowledge and practice of the use of natural resources for food and the making of utensils and crafts, and in the respect for country. Through strong family ties, Koori people of Wreck Bay have maintained their traditional association with the area by passing on the ancestral stories and creation stories relating to the area. Parents recite such stories today to their children.

The place contains a large number of prehistoric Aboriginal sites. Rock shelters, stone- flaking sites and axe-sharpening grooves and shell middens demonstrate the length of Aboriginal occupation of the area. Ceremonial BUNAN or BORA grounds, used for initiation, are known only from the immediate hinterland of Wreck Bay, and nearly all known grinding groove sites are in the catchments of Mary and Summercloud Bays. These sites demonstrate past cultural practices and are important to the Wreck Bay community (Web Reference 2).

The fish bones and fishing implements in the middens document changing fishing practices over the last 3,000 years. There is a concentration of middens towards the eastern end of Wreck Bay. The high density of midden sites in this area reflects the preferred fishing zones of the present community demonstrating a continuity of use despite changing lifestyles. The continuing importance of marine resources to the Wreck Bay Community is also reflected in their choice of Booderee, an Aboriginal word from the Dhurga language meaning 'bay of plenty' or 'plenty of fish', as the name for the jointly managed National Park.

The Wreck Bay Settlement was established by Koori initiatives in the early 1900s. They favoured the area because of strong traditional and cultural ties, its closeness to both the bush and the sea for collection of food and other resources, and its distance from non- Aboriginal settlements. The settlement, the graveyard and other Aboriginal graves on the peninsula are highly significant to the Wreck Bay Community. Wreck Bay is one of the areas associated with the Aboriginal Land Rights movement in the 1970s and 1980s. It was the scene of protests and blockades to ensure that Wreck Bay remained an Aboriginal community (Web Reference 2).

Historic sites and places within the Jervis Bay Territory (part) with identified and assessed national estate values, and which are individually significant, include Cape St George Lighthouse & Curtilage(1859), HMAS Creswell (1913) the Commonwealth Naval College, and Christian's Minde (1896) the first guest house on the south coast between Port Hacking

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW and Twofold Bay. The whole of the Jervis Bay Territory is important for its association with the establishment of a Royal Australian Naval College, which lead to the selection of Jervis Bay in 1911and the development of the Annexe to the Australian National Botanic Gardens in Canberra. In 1951 a frost free annexe to the Canberra Botanic Gardens was developed on a site at Lake Mackenzie

The grave of Harriet Parker at Green Patch, associated with Cape St George Lighthouse, and the Ellmoos family private cemetery, also at Christian's Minde, are considered to have national estate values by virtue of their associations. However, not all sites of historic cultural heritage significance within the area of Jervis Bay Territory have been fully identified or assessed (Web Reference 2).

Crocodile Head Area

Approximately 20 ha, located on Beecroft Peninsular near Crocodile Head, and defined as the area enclosed by a circle of radius 0.25 km centred at Australian Map Grid point: 9027 - 'Jervis Bay' – 01901655 (Web Reference 3).

Currarong Rockshelters Area

The Currarong Rockshelters Area is situated at the northern end of the Beecroft Peninsula. Four rock shelters with midden deposits are located in a small gully, on both sides of Blacks Cave Creek. The three shelters on the south side were excavated by Ron Lampert in 1967- 68, and two of these were re-excavated by Phil Hughes in 1972. Two radiocarbon dates were obtained by Lampert (1971) for these shelters. For Shelter 1, a date of 1970 +/- 80 bp at a depth of 110cm, and for Shelter 2, a date of 3740 +/- 100 bp at a depth of 105cm. By extrapolating the depth/age curves for these sites Hughes and Lampert (1982) have suggested that the Currarong Rockshelters were first occupied around 7,000 years ago. These sites provide evidence of technological changes within what is known as the small tool industry, the stone artefact industry which characterised the last 5,000 years (Web Reference 4).

Shelter 1 contained the most artefacts and detailed analysis of the stone technology focused on this site. Two phases were identified in the stone artefact assemblage. The Bondaian industry was present in the basal levels but in the upper levels backed blades were less abundant and the small tool component of the assemblage was dominated by fabricators (now more commonly referred to as bipolar artefacts). Scrapers were present throughout the deposit but were most common in the lower levels. A range of bone points were found in the three excavated shelters and a number of shell fishhooks and fishhook blanks were recovered from recent layers. All of the fish hooks and blanks from Shelter 1 were found in layers dated by Hughes and Djohadze (1980) as less than 350 years bp and from Shelter 2

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW all of the hooks and blanks were found in layers dating to less than 1,100 years bp. The three shelters exhibited similar faunal assemblages. It appears that in recent times the occupants of the sites had a varied and wide ranging subsistence economy. Resources from all of the available environments were exploited; the ocean beach, the estuary and the forested hinterland. These included a variety of shellfish, mostly rocky shore and estuarine species together with a few sandy shore species. Reef fish were caught by hook and line and estuarine fish were speared in the shallows. Stranded whales, seals and sea birds were scavenged. Land mammals such as kangaroo, wallaby, bandicoot and possum were hunted in the adjacent woodland.The lower levels of Shelter 2 suggest the earlier occupants of the site practiced a different pattern of shellfish collection. In these levels rock oysters were by far the most abundant species represented. These shellfish were available within 100m of the shelter and it thus appears that shellfish gathering originally focused on the most readily accessible species, only expanding to include other species from a range of environments in more recent times (Web Reference 4).

Cape St George Lighthouse Ruins and Curtilage

The Cape St George Lighthouse ruins, built in 1859, are significant for their association with the development and establishment of navigational aids along the Australian coastline. Its construction is associated with the 1856 Lighthouse Commission which created the first Inter-colonial Agreement on the provision of lights around Australia. The ruins of the lighthouse and associated buildings are significant as an integral part of Australia's maritime history, because of their original incorrect siting. The ruins, despite their short working life, are significant for providing important information in the interpretation and understanding of an important phase in Australia's history. The ruins, situated on a high clifftop, are significant for their aesthetic value. The fact that the lighthouse was incorrectly sited, the subsequent abandonment of the place and its reduction to a ruin add to its historical and landmark significance. The Lighthouse ruins are of historical significance as evidence of the settlement around it, which was the first on the Bherarerre Peninsula (Web Reference 5).

Christians Minde Settlement

The Christian's Minde settlement, including several guest houses, the cemetery and outbuildings including boat sheds and other service buildings located on the waters edge at the eastern edge of Sussex Inlet, is individually significant within the area of Jervis Bay Territory. The six blocks of land comprising the settlement incorporate the following main residential buildings: block 9, Sargood; block 10, Kullindi; block 12, Pamir; and block 14, the Ellmoos Settlement including Christian's Minde, the jetty and boathouse (Web Reference 6).

The settlement is historically significant being built from 1880 on land taken up by the Ellmoos family from Denmark. The death of Christian Ellmoos Jnr in 1888 is reflected in the

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW name Christian's Minde which means 'To the memory of Christian'. The family opened the first guest house on the south coast between Port Hacking and Twofold Bay in 1896 at Christian's Minde, following the arrival of the railway at Bomaderry in 1893, which made the region more accessible from Sydney (Web Reference 6).

Christian's Minde is important as the first guest house opened on the south coast of New South Wales between Port Hacking and Twofold Bay, firmly identifying the Jervis Bay district as a destination for tourism and recreation.

The buildings and their setting are important in illustrating the principal characteristics of late nineteenth and early twentieth century guest houses in the Jervis Bay district of the South Coast. These characteristics include the use of domestic scale residential weatherboard buildings employing elements based on local vernacular tradition influenced by the prevailing Federation style of the 1890s and early 1900s. The natural setting and close relationship between the essentially vernacular buildings and the foreshore has resulted in a place of considerable charm (Web Reference 6).

The settlement is important for its association with the Ellmoos family which saw the opportunities for recreation and tourism at Sussex Inlet and which is still closely linked to the property through leasehold arrangements with the Commonwealth (Web Reference 6).

Jervis Bay Botanic Gardens

The Booderee Botanic Gardens, formerly known as the Australian National Botanic Gardens at Jervis Bay, are important to the Wreck Bay community who have strong cultural and traditional ties to the area. The gardens were returned to the community in 1995 (Web Reference 7).

It is important as an example of a mid twentieth century Australian Botanic Garden established to propagate and display Australian native plants in an naturalistic style.

The gardens provide a research and teaching site based on an extensive living collection that is linked to the Australian National Herbarium in Canberra, with an emphasis on the flora of the New South Wales South Coast

The gardens have aesthetic significance, based on the visual effects of the white trunked eucalypts, the tree framed internal views within the garden, the textures of the rock outcrops, heathlands and other vegetation (Web Reference 7).

Point Perpendicular Lightstation

Point Perpindicular Lightstation, built in 1899, is significant as a relatively intact group of substantial Victorian lighthouse buildings and the first in New South Wales to be constructed of pre-cast concrete blocks using an aggregate of locally quarried stone (Web Reference 8).

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

The Lightstation is significant as reflecting the evolution of navigational aids along the coast of New South Wales and the economic development of the surrounding region. The Lightstation is significant for its association with Public Works Department Charles Assinder Harding, one of three such lighthouses designed by Harding (Web Reference 8).

Royal Australian Naval College

HMAS Creswell is historically significant for its association with the development of the Australian Navy. Founded in 1911, it was the first College established for the training of Naval officers based on the Royal Navy training system (Web Reference 9).

HMAS Creswell has a richness of features that collectively contribute to its importance as significant cultural landscape, consisting of the architectural features, their landscape setting, the waterfront landscape including wharf and breakwater and the formal designed layout.

The character of its bay side setting adds to the significance of the College. HMAS Creswell is located within the Booderee National Park. The territory of Jervis Bay, with its surrounding shores, ocean beaches, lakes, estuaries, forested slopes and heath covered plateaus, is an area of exceptional beauty, possessing considerable environmental, scientific, cultural and historic value (Web Reference 9).

Hive Survivor Camp

The survivor camp was nominated for its historic and Indigenous values. The survivor camp is associated with the convict transport (prison ship) Hive wrecked during the latter period (1830-1840) of highly organised convict transportation, in which convicts were transported in greater numbers than ever before. The Hive Survivor Camp is one of only two survivor camps in Australia and the only one in existence known to have been associated with a convict wreck. It is also the only survivor camp demonstrating positive contact between the survivors and the traditional Aboriginal owners of the area (Web Reference 10).

Jervis Bay Fishing Heritage Area

Jervis Bay is famous for land-based game fishing. It is this use, both currently and historically, that has come to have great social meaning to a community of fishers who have strong associations with the place, as well as a broader fishing community who acknowledge it for such values.

The novelty and appeal of land-based game fishing is great both from an historical perspective and in terms of its current significance. It is acknowledge by its participants as being the most challenging form of fishing as well as being appreciated as a uniquely egalitarian form of recreational expression (Web Reference 11).

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

Jervis Bay is the birth place and premier destination for land-based game fishing. Its fame and popularity come largely from the fact that it is the only place in the world that hosts captures of marlin from the shore on a regular basis. While large sharks, tuna and kingfish are all fished for at Jervis Bay, it is the consistency of the capture of marlin that makes this place unique (Web Reference 11).

Land-based game is also a uniquely social form of angling, especially at Jervis Bay. Since the sport's inception in the late 60s, each generation of anglers have developed the same close affinity with the area and have thus maintained its fishing heritage. For many fishermen the idea or memory of standing at the base of a towering three-hundred foot sea-cliff on a rocky ledge and drifting baits out into the deep blue ocean with a chance of a marlin, but also the perpetual fishing lucky-dip of whatever comes along, and knowing by the size of the bait and of the grandeur of the landscape that whatever it is it's going to be big? such anticipation! That's the stuff that dreams are made of. The only place in the world that it happens is Jervis Bay (Web Reference 11). References

Web Reference 1

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2013) "Beecroft Peninsula, Currarong Rd, Currarong, NSW, Australia” Retrieved 25/11/12 from http://www.environment.gov.au/cgibin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105539 Web Reference 2

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2013) "Jervis Bay Fishing Heritage Area, Lighthouse Rd, Currarong, JBT, Australia” Retrieved 25/11/12 from http://www.environment.gov.au/cgibin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105312 Web Reference 3

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2013) "Crocodile Head Area, Lighthouse Rd, Currarong, NSW, Australia” Retrieved 25/11/12 from http://www.environment.gov.au/cgibin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105322 Web Reference 4

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2013) "Currarong Rockshelters Area, Currarong Rd, Currarong, NSW, Australia” Retrieved 25/11/12 from http://www.environment.gov.au/cgibin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105320 Web Reference 5

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2013) "Cape St George Lighthouse Ruins & Curtilage, Stony Creek Rd, Jervis Bay, ACT, Australia” Retrieved 25/11/12 from http://www.environment.gov.au/cgibin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105312 Web Reference 6

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2013) "Christians Minde Settlement, Ellmoos Rd, Sussex Inlet, ACT, Australia” Retrieved

Fisheries NSW – October 2013 Commercial Shellfish Aquaculture Leases Jervis Bay, NSW

25/11/12 from http://www.environment.gov.au/cgibin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105314 Web Reference 7

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2013) "Jervis Bay Botanic Gardens, Caves Beach Rd, Jervis Bay, ACT, Australia” Retrieved 25/11/12 from http://www.environment.gov.au/cgibin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105400 Web Reference 8

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2013) "Point Perpendicular Lightstation, Lighthouse Rd, Currarong, NSW, Australia” Retrieved 25/11/12 from http://www.environment.gov.au/cgibin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105364 Web Reference 9

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2013) "Royal Australian Naval College, College Rd, Jervis Bay, ACT, Australia” Retrieved 25/11/12 from http://www.environment.gov.au/cgibin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105380 Web Reference 10

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2013) "Hive Survivor Camp, Ellmoos Rd, Sussex Inlet, ACT, Australia” Retrieved 25/11/12 from http://www.environment.gov.au/cgibin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=106161 Web Reference 11

Fisheries NSW – October 2013