J. Jpn. Bot. 89: 346–354 (2014)

Nephroma squamigerum (, Lichenized ) Is a Distinct Species

a, b c Katja Fedrowitz *, Andreas Frisch , Ulla Kaasalainen b and Yoshihito Ohmura

aDepartment of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, SWEDEN; bDepartment of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, 305-0005 JAPAN; cDepartment of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. 65, 00014, Helsinki, FINLAND *Corresponding author: [email protected]

(Accepted on May 10, 2014)

We evaluated the taxonomic status of squamigerum in Japan, a taxon currently ascribed as a forma to N. bellum. Using an extensive data set of herbarium and freshly collected specimens we confirm that N. squamigerum differs morphologically, chemically and genetically from N. bellum and other Nephroma species, and should be treated as a distinct species. Nephroma squamigerum is morphologically similar to N. bellum and to glabrous morphotypes of N. helveticum and may have been frequently overlooked, especially in other parts of eastern Asia. However, the absence of substances in N. squamigerum always allows a clear identification. Also, N. squamigerum can be clearly distinguished from all other Nephroma species based on the sequences of ITS rDNA and mtSSU rDNA. Neotypification of N. squamigerum is made. A key to the Japanese taxa of Nephroma is provided.

Keywords: Asia, ITS rDNA, mtSSU, neotype, , triterpenoids.

The lichen Nephroma Ach. White and James 1988), the morphological (Nephromataceae, lichenized Ascomycota) is delimitations and of some variable almost cosmopolitan in its distribution. The and widespread taxa like N. bellum, N. highest species diversity can be found especially helveticum, N. laevigatum, N. resupinatum, and in oceanic to boreal-montane areas of both N. tropicum are unresolved to date (Asahina hemispheres (James and White 1987, White 1962, Lohtander et al. 2002, Piercey-Normore and James 1988, Smith et al. 2009). The genus et al. 2006, Louwhoff 2009, Sérusiaux et al. includes 36 species worldwide (Kirk et al. 2008), 2011, Fedrowitz et al. 2012a). Such inadequate and nine species including four infraspecific taxa knowledge of species may mask species’ have been reported from Japan (Kurokawa and endangered status and put them at extinction Kashiwadani 2006). risk since their occurrences cannot be reliably Despite extensive research on the genus monitored (Stork 1993). Nephroma species are Nephroma (e.g., Inumaru 1940, Wetmore sensitive to sulfur dioxide pollution and often 1960, Asahina 1962, James and White 1987, negatively affected by intensive forestry, and the

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K. Fedrowitza，A. Frischb，U. Kaasalainenc，大村嘉人 b： コモチウラミゴケ（ウラミゴケ科，地衣化子嚢菌）は独 立種である コモチウラミゴケ Nephroma squamigerum は，地衣 核リボゾーム遺伝子 ITS 領域および mtSSU に基づく分 体腹面にトメンタがなく，小裂片を地衣体背面および周 子系統解析を行った．コモチウラミゴケは単一クレード 縁につけ，子器を有する裂片には小裂片ができるかまた を形成し，ナメラウラミゴケと姉妹群となったが，ウラ は全縁となる．ナメラウラミゴケ N. bellum やウラミゴ ミゴケモドキとの直接的な系統関係は示されなかった． ケモドキ N. helveticum と形態的に中間的な個体もしば 以上，形態的，化学的，分子系統学的結果より，コモチ しば見られるが，それらの種からはテルペン類などの地 ウラミゴケは独立種として扱うのが妥当であると結論 衣成分が含まれないことで区別できる．コモチウラミゴ づけた． ケは独立種とする見解がある一方で，形態的連続性から （a スウェーデン農科大学生態学部， ナメラウラミゴケの品種とする見解もある．本研究で b 国立科学博物館植物研究部， は，コモチウラミゴケの分類学的位置を明らかにするた c フィンランド・ヘルシンキ大学生物科学部） めに，関連種との形態および化学成分の比較に加えて，