Why You Want Ipv6 (Linux Reviews)
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President's Corner
TAPR PSR #137 Winter 2018 President’s Corner By Steve Bible, N7HPR TAPR will be at the HamSCI Workshop <https://tinyurl.com/y8errhsu > on February 23 and 24 at the New Jersey Institute of Technology in Newark. I, along with a handful of other TAPR officers and board members will attend the workshop, which will focus on the results of the 2017 Great American Eclipse ham radio ionospheric experiment and the development of a Personal Space Weather station. As in the past, TAPR will be at Hamvention <http://www.hamvention.org> in May with a suite of booths, our highly regarded TAPR Forum and the annual TAPR- AMSAT Banquet, President’s Corner 01 In the fall, the 37th annual ARRL/TAPR Digital Communications Conference PulsePuppy 02 (DCC) will take place September 14-16 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Greg Jones Memorial Endowment 03 conference invites technical papers for presentation at the conference and for Phase 4 Space Kickoff 04 publication in the Conference Proceedings (presentation at the conference is not XC-3006 06 required for publication). Papers are due by July 31, 2018, to Maty Weinberg, Evangelizing Ham Radio Data Modes 07 Set Up an IPv6 Gateway on Packet 08 ARRL, 225 Main St., Newington, CT 06111 or via e-mail to [email protected]. The TAPR Wear Available 10 Conference website <http://www.tapr.org/dcc> has full details. Aruba on a Sloper 11 Hope to see you in Newark, Xenia and Albuquerque! N7DRB SK 12 Write Here! 13 73, On the Net 13 Steve Bible, N7HPR, President TAPR The Fine Print 14 ### Our Membership App 15 TAPR is a community that provides leadership and resources to radio amateurs for the purpose of advancing the radio art. -
Ipv6 — an Introduction
IPv6 — An introduction Owen DeLong [email protected] Portions Copyright © 2009-2014 by Hurricane Electric, used under license to Owen DeLong More IPv4 NAT Are you fscking kidding me? ©2014 Black Lotus Communications IPv6 Transition -- How ready are we? n Things that are ready Backbones CMTS Systems (DOCSIS 3) MacOS (10.4+) Linux (2.6 Kernels) Windows (7, 2008, XP (limited)) WiMax (specification, head end equipment) LTE (some) CPE (very limited) Early Adopters and some industry experts Black Lotus Me ©2014 Black Lotus Communications IPv6 Transition -- How ready are we? ▪ Things that are NOT ready ➢ PON Systems ➢ DSL Systems ➢ CMTS Systems (DOCSIS 2) ➢ WDS/EVDO/HSPA ➢ WIMAX (handsets, providers) ➢ Older Windows (XP and earlier) ➢ Embedded systems ➢ Printers ➢ Home entertainment devices ➢ CPE (most) ➢ Most IT staff and management ©2014 Black Lotus Communications An Important Decision ▪ Which Approach will you take? IPv4 is just fine. IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack Now We just need MOAR NAT!! My dual stack network is running great! ©2014 Black Lotus Communications What we’ll cover ▪ Basics of IPv6 ▪ IPv6 Addressing Methods ➢ SLAAC ➢ DHCP ➢ Static ➢ Privacy ▪ Linux Configuration for Native Dual Stack ▪ IPv6 without a native backbone available ▪ Free IPv6? ©2014 Black Lotus Communications Some additional topics ▪ Routing ▪ Firewalls ▪ DNS ▪ Reverse DNS ▪ Troubleshooting ▪ Staff Training ©2014 Black Lotus Communications Basics: IPv4 vs. IPv6 Property IPv4 Address IPv6 Address Bits 32 128 Total address 3,758,096,384 unicast 42+ Undecilion assignable -
AWS Site-To-Site VPN User Guide AWS Site-To-Site VPN User Guide
AWS Site-to-Site VPN User Guide AWS Site-to-Site VPN User Guide AWS Site-to-Site VPN: User Guide Copyright © Amazon Web Services, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon's trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Amazon's, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Amazon. All other trademarks not owned by Amazon are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Amazon. AWS Site-to-Site VPN User Guide Table of Contents What is Site-to-Site VPN ..................................................................................................................... 1 Concepts ................................................................................................................................... 1 Working with Site-to-Site VPN ..................................................................................................... 1 Site-to-Site VPN limitations ......................................................................................................... 2 Pricing ...................................................................................................................................... 2 How AWS Site-to-Site VPN works ........................................................................................................ 3 Site-to-Site VPN Components ..................................................................................................... -
Pf3e Index.Pdf
INDEX Note: Pages numbers followed by f, n, priority-based queues, 136–145 or t indicate figures, notes, and tables, match rule for queue assignment, respectively. 137–138 overview, 134–135 Symbols performance improvement, 136–137 # (hash mark), 13, 15 queuing for servers in DMZ, ! (logical NOT) operator, 42 142–144 setting up, 135–136 A on FreeBSD, 135–136 on NetBSD, 136 Acar, Can Erkin, 173 on OpenBSD, 135 ACK (acknowledgment) packets transitioning to priority and class-based bandwidth allocation, queuing system, 131–133 139–140 anchors, 35–36 HFSC algorithm, 124, 126, 142 authpf program, 61, 63 priority queues, 132, 137–138 listing current contents of, 92 two-priority configuration, loading rules into, 92 120–121, 120n1 manipulating contents, 92 adaptive.end value, 188 relayd daemon, 74 adaptive firewalls, 97–99 restructuring rule set with, 91–94 adaptive.start value, 188 tagging to help policy routing, 93 advbase parameter, 153–154 ancontrol command, 46n1 advskew parameter, 153–154, 158–159 antispoof tool, 27, 193–195, 194f aggressive value, 192 ARP balancing, 151, 157–158 ALTQ (alternate queuing) framework, atomic rule set load, 21 9, 133–145, 133n2 authpf program, 59–63, 60 basic concepts, 134 basic authenticating gateways, class-based bandwidth allocation, 60–62 139–140 public networks, 62–63 overview, 135 queue definition, 139–140 tying queues into rule set, 140 B handling unwanted traffic, 144–145 bandwidth operating system-based queue actual available, 142–143 assignments, 145 class-based allocation of, 139–140 overloading to -
By Steve Guendert, Ph.D. Long-Distance Extension Networks Between Data Centers
Fibre Channel over Internet Protocol ver the past decade, extension networks for storage have become commonplace and continue to grow in size and importance. Growth isn’t limited to new Odeployments but also involves the expansion of existing deployments. Requirements for data protection will never Basics for ease, as the economies of many countries depend on successful and continued business operations; thus, laws have been passed mandating data protection. Modern-day dependence on remote data replication (RDR) means there’s little tolerance for lapses that leave data vulnerable to loss. In IBM mainframe environments, reliable and resilient networks—to the point of no frame loss and in-order frame delivery—are necessary for error-free operation, high performance and operational ease. This improves availability, reduces risk and operating expenses and, most important of all, reduces risk of data loss. A previous article, “Storage Networking Business Mainframers Continuity Solutions” (Enterprise Tech Journal, October/ November 2013, available at http://entsys.me/ixond), introduced the various topologies and protocols used for the networks associated with business continuity, disaster recovery and continuous availability (BC/DR/CA). This article focuses in-depth on one of those protocols— Fibre Channel over Internet Protocol (FCIP)—and how it’s used in a mainframe environment to provide By Steve Guendert, Ph.D. long-distance extension networks between data centers. B • Enterprise Tech Journal • Winter 2013/2014Enterprise Tech Journal • Winter 2013/2014 Because of the higher costs of long-distance dark fiber FC devices in the fabric are unaware of the presence of the connectivity compared with other communications IP network. -
Implementing Ipv6: Experiences at KAME Project
Implementing IPv6: experiences at KAME project Jun-ichiro Hagino, IIJ research laboratory itojun@{iijlab.net,kame.net} Outline What is IPv6, and why IPv6 (brief summary) What is KAME project Some technical insights observed at KAME Implmentation status What are the TODOs, issues from both specification/implementation What is IPv6? Expansion of address space - 32bit -> 128bit 32bit: 4.3 billion nodes maximum not sufficient, blocking new IP-based applications from appearing 128bit: 3.4 x 10^38 nodes maximum Make new technologies mandatory IPv4: designed in 1970’s IPv6: designed in 1990’s autoconfiguration, multicast, security, ... Why? - IPv4 address space is filled up, NAT is killing us all When? - Already there, so you should How? - (next slide) How to operate IPv6? IPv6 is "IP with bigger address space", almost no difference with IPv4 bigger address space makes a huge difference Base spec NAT-free 128bit address, simpler base header, extensible header format Enables many future application deployment and uses Routing - OSPFv3, RIPng, BGP4+ QoS - diffserv, RSVP (separate effort from IPv6 itself) more friendly than IPv4 Mobility - mobile-ip6 No foreign agent necessary Security - IPsec (separate effort from IPv6 itself) A "fully conformant IPv6 implementation" must have IPsec code Autoconfiguration stateless autoconf, DHCPv6 Multicast - PIM, MLD (= IGMP) Applications - HTTP, FTP, VoIP, whatever you do with IPv4 New applications would appear when IPv6 hits the critical mass Problem we had in 1995... IPv6 specification is out, but there’s -
4213 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Obsoletes: 2893 R
Network Working Group E. Nordmark Request for Comments: 4213 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Obsoletes: 2893 R. Gilligan Category: Standards Track Intransa, Inc. October 2005 Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). Abstract This document specifies IPv4 compatibility mechanisms that can be implemented by IPv6 hosts and routers. Two mechanisms are specified, dual stack and configured tunneling. Dual stack implies providing complete implementations of both versions of the Internet Protocol (IPv4 and IPv6), and configured tunneling provides a means to carry IPv6 packets over unmodified IPv4 routing infrastructures. This document obsoletes RFC 2893. Nordmark & Gilligan Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 4213 Basic IPv6 Transition Mechanisms October 2005 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................2 1.1. Terminology ................................................3 2. Dual IP Layer Operation .........................................4 2.1. Address Configuration ......................................5 2.2. DNS ........................................................5 3. Configured Tunneling Mechanisms -
Hurricane Electric Ipv6 Native Backbone – Massive Peering!
The IPv6 World View – A global view of IPv6 commercial readiness Hurricane Electric IPv6 Native Backbone – Massive Peering! DREN IPv6 Day 2011 Denver, Colorado, USA – 16th August 2011 Martin J. Levy, Director IPv6 Strategy Hurricane Electric IPv6 Global Connectivity – Talk Outline IPv6 at Hurricane Electric (I’ll keep it short and sweet!) Why do we need IPv6? (Just kidding – I’m assuming that!) Is the IPv6 routing table ready for the real world? Can you motivate people to implement IPv6? Should we panic or be happy? Hurricane Electric - DREN IPv6 Day 2011 - Denver Colorado - 16'th Aug 2011 Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy Page 2 Hurricane Electric Hurricane Electric Hurricane Electric - DREN IPv6 Day 2011 - Denver Colorado - 16'th Aug 2011 Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy Page 3 Hurricane Electric – Roots and History Founded 17+ years ago - ISP & datacenter operator 1994 – Roots within the Silicon Valley high-tech community 1999 – Expanded IPv4 network nationwide in the US 2001 – Started IPv6 native and tunnel connectivity ( http://tunnelbroker.net ) 2006 – Full “technology refresh” enabled native dual-stack IPv6 backbone 2008 – Became largest IPv6 backbone globally ( > 1Gbps IPv6 traffic level) Deployed fully IPv6 ready IPv6 fully Deployed and Toronto, Canada Toronto, and datacenter building datacenter services in Atlanta in services Backbone for BGP for Backbone expanded to 9 US, 9 to expanded 4 European Cities European 4 IPv6 tunnelbroker IPv6 Tokyo and Zurich and Tokyo In Singapore and Singapore In three continents -
Implement an Ipv6 Router Using KAME Under Freebsd
在 FreeBSD 下利用 KAME 實做一個 IPv6 路由器 Implement An IPv6 Router Using KAME under FreeBSD 梁家瑋 Liang Jia-Wei 高雄師範大學資訊教育所 [email protected] KAME 計劃是日本的一些公司團隊所共同 ABSTRACT 參與的一個計劃,而這個軟件主要是提供 BSD(包括 FreeBSD、NetBSD 等)作業系統一些 With IPv4(Internet Protocol version 4) , it has 額外的功能,包括了 IPv6、IPSec 以及一些網路 been found the address space provided can’t sustain the growing number hosts connected to the 流量控制應用管理的功能。在此篇論文我們最 Internet. IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6) has 主要的目的是利用 KAME 來實作一個 Router, been designed to resolve scalability issues of the 透過這台 Router,可以使 IPv4 網路與 IPv6 網路 Internet address space. There are a lot of 串聯起來,我們只需要一台 PC 來安裝 FreeBSD advantages in using IPv6. For example, it’s not 並且應用 KAME 來達成,這對於過渡時期還沒 necessary for NAT(Network Address Transmission) 有獨立 IPv6 機器的機構來說是很有幫助的。 server , and the number of IP address is enough. In this way , it’s more convenient to deliver IP 關鍵字: IPv6, FreeBSD,轉換機制,KAME。 addresses to mobile devices , such as notebook , PDA , cell phone , etc. Nowadays , enterprises , 1. Introduction schools , people use computer network in IPv4. It is important for the IPv4/IPv6 transition Nowadays,more and more electric mechanisms.There are various translation equipments need IP address to support internet strategies can be broadly divided into dual stack , access , such as notebooks , cell phones, PDAs. tunneling and translation , and they will be IPv6 will solve the problem of IP address shortage. mentioned later. IPv6 is a new version of IP which is designed to be an evolutionary step from IPv4. It is a natural KAME Project is a joint effort to create increment to IPv4. -
Ipv6 Tunneling Ipv6 Host Ipv4/V6
Business Service Management for Performance I’m Running IPv6: How Do I Access??? Share Session 12150 Laura Knapp WW Business Consultant [email protected] 01/15/2013 © Applied Expert Systems, Inc. 2013 1 Business Service Management for Performance What is IPv6 Updated version of the Internet Protocol (IPv4) Defined in RFC 1752 New features Larger address space Encapsulation Class of service for audio, video, etc. Multicast support Authentication Encryption Automatic configuration/reconfiguration Support for non-IP protocols 01/15/2013 © Applied Expert Systems, Inc. 2013 2 Business Service Management for Performance IPv6 Technology Scope IP Service IPv4 Solution IPv6 Solution 32-bit, Network Addressing Range 128-bit, Multiple Address Translation Scopes Serverless, Auto configuration DHCP Reconfiguration, DHCP Security IPSec IPSec Mandated, works End-to-End Mobile IP with Direct Mobility Mobile IP Routing Differentiated Service, Differentiated Service, Quality-of-Service Integrated Service Integrated Service IP Multicast IGMP/PIM/Multicast MLD/PIM/Multicast BGP BGP,Scope Identifier 01/15/2013 © Applied Expert Systems, Inc. 2013 3 Business Service Management for Performance IPv6 Transition Paths – ISP Focus 01/15/2013 © Applied Expert Systems, Inc. 2013 4 Business Service Management for Performance IPv6 in the Enterprise 01/15/2013 © Applied Expert Systems, Inc. 2013 5 Business Service Management for Performance Types of IPv6 Node Types IPv4 only node – a node running only IPv4 IPv6/IPv4 node – a node running dual stack IPv6 only node – a node running only IPv6 IPv6 node – node running IPv6 and it may also run IPv4 IPv4 node – node running IPv4 and it may also run IPv6 01/15/2013 © Applied Expert Systems, Inc. -
BSD Intro Lecture
Short history • Based on: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ • 1978 – BSD (Barkeley software distribution) Based on unix system developed by Bell. • 1991 – 386BSD – BSD port to Intel (Based on 4.3BSD). • 1991 – Linux based on Minix. • 1993 – FreeBSD and NetBSD Based on 386BSD. • 1995 - OpenBSD splits from NetBSD. • 2001 – Apple’s Darwin, based on FreeBSD. • Latest releases: 5.3, 4.11. • The most popular of the *BSDs. • Historically aimed for maximum. performance on X86. Now supports most of the popular hardware platforms. • Biggest installations: Yahoo servers, ftp.cdrom.com, www.netcraft.com. • “Of course it runs NetBSD” • Last version: NetBSD 2.0. • Aims for supporting as many architectures possible. • Portable design. • 40 supported architectures. • www.openbsd.org • Current version: OpenBSD 3.6. • “Try to be the #1 most secure operating system“. • “Secure by default”. • Based on Canada – is not restricted by US export laws. • developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/darwin/ • The operating system behind Apple’s MAC OS X. • Based on FreeBSD. • Apple’s cool GUI, on top of a reliable Open source unix. • Runs on PowerPC based Macintosh. • Version for X86 is also available. Licensing Issues • Linux – GPL Must publish your source code if your code is based on a GPLd software. • *BSD - BSD license. • Do what ever you want, just give us credit. • Poul Henning Kamp - Beerware license Do what ever you want, just buy me beer when we meet. FreeBSD – The people behind • FreeBSD Core Team – The board of directors. • FreeBSD Committers – The programmers. • Release Engineering Teams • Documentation engineering team • Port management team. • Donations Team. FreeBSD – The people behind cont’ • Technical Review Board. -
TETRA); Voice Plus Data (V+D); IP Interworking (IPI) 2 Draft ETSI EN 301 747 V1.1.1 (1999-08)
Draft ETSI EN 301 747 V1.1.1 (1999-08) European Standard (Telecommunications series) Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); IP Interworking (IPI) 2 Draft ETSI EN 301 747 V1.1.1 (1999-08) Reference DEN/TETRA-03031 (g6c00ico.PDF) Keywords Internet, packet mode, security, TETRA, ETSI Postal address F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Office address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Internet [email protected] Individual copies of this ETSI deliverable can be downloaded from http://www.etsi.org If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: [email protected] Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1999. All rights reserved. ETSI 3 Draft ETSI EN 301 747 V1.1.1 (1999-08) Contents Intellectual Property Rights................................................................................................................................5 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................5 1 Scope........................................................................................................................................................6