Friendship Hill National Historic Site
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1. National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Natural Resource Condition Assessment Friendship Hill National Historic Site Natural Resource Report NPS/FRHI/NRR—2019/1978 ON THE COVER Photo of the Gallatin House, Friendship Hill National Historic Site. Credit: NPS. Natural Resource Condition Assessment Friendship Hill National Historic Site Natural Resource Report NPS/FRHI/NRR—2019/1978 Charles Andrew Cole1, Abhinandan Bera1, Sarah Rothman2, C. Paola Ferreri3 1 The Pennsylvania State University Department of Landscape Architecture 329 Stuckeman Family Building University Park, PA 16802 2 The Pennsylvania State University Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology 105 Stuckeman Family Building University Park, PA 16802 3 The Pennsylvania State University Department of Ecosystem Science and Management 408 Forest Resources Building University Park, PA 16802 August 2019 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review, which was provided by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. The level and extent of peer review was based on the importance of report content or its potentially controversial or precedent- setting nature. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available in digital format from the Natural Resource Condition Assessment Program website and the Natural Resource Publications Management website. If you have difficulty accessing information in this publication, particularly if using assistive technology, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: Cole, C. A., A. Bera, S. Rothman, and C. P. Ferreri. 2019. Natural resource condition assessment: Friendship Hill National Historic Site. Natural Resource Report NPS/FRHI/NRR—2019/1978. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 476/159884, August 2019 ii Contents Page Figures ................................................................................................................................................... ix Tables ..................................................................................................................................................xiii Appendices ........................................................................................................................................... xv Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... xvii Background and Context ............................................................................................................ xvii Approach .................................................................................................................................... xvii Threats to FRHI ......................................................................................................................... xviii Current Condition of Natural Resources in FRHI ..................................................................... xviii Air Quality ............................................................................................................................ xviii Water Quality ......................................................................................................................... xix Wetlands ................................................................................................................................. xix Aquatic Species ...................................................................................................................... xix Wildlife ................................................................................................................................... xix Threatened and Endangered Species ...................................................................................... xix Invasive Plants ........................................................................................................................ xix Forest Health .......................................................................................................................... xix Landscape ............................................................................................................................... xix Soundscape ............................................................................................................................. xix Lightscape ............................................................................................................................... xx Visitor Usage ........................................................................................................................... xx Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... xxi Chapter 1. NRCA Background Information .......................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2. Introduction and Resource Setting ....................................................................................... 5 2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.1. Enabling Legislation ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1.2. Geographic Setting .......................................................................................................... 6 iii Contents (continued) Page 2.1.3. Visitation Statistics ........................................................................................................ 10 2.2. Natural Resources .................................................................................................................. 11 2.2.1. Weather and Climate ..................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2. Ecoregions ..................................................................................................................... 13 2.2.3. Watersheds .................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.4. Resource Descriptions ................................................................................................... 16 2.2.5. Resource Issues Overview ............................................................................................. 23 2.3. Resource Stewardship ........................................................................................................... 25 2.3.1. Management Directives and Planning Guidance ........................................................... 25 2.3.2. Status of the Supporting Science ................................................................................... 26 Chapter 3. Study Scoping and Design ................................................................................................. 27 3.1. Preliminary Scoping .............................................................................................................. 27 3.2. Study Design ......................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.1. Indicator Framework and Focal Study Resources ......................................................... 27 3.2.2. Reporting Areas ............................................................................................................. 29 3.2.3. General Approach and Methods .................................................................................... 29 Chapter 4. Natural Resource Conditions .............................................................................................. 31 4.1. Air Quality ............................................................................................................................. 31 4.1.1. Ozone ............................................................................................................................