CENSUS 1961 • KERALA STATE DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 5 ERNAKULAM M. K. DEVASSY B. A., B. L. OF THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE SUPERINTENDF.NT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS. KERAl.A >\ND r THE UNION TERRITORY OF LACCADIVE, MINICOY AND AMINDIVI ISLANDS 1965 l'rUNTED AT THE S. C. PRFSS, N. PARUR. 19ti5 PREFACE The District Census Handbooks were started for the first time in the history of the decennial censuses In India in 1951. The Handbooks of the Travancore-Cochin and Madras States in the 1951 Census contained, besides a short account of the district and the people, important Census tables for the district and a village directory consisting of the area, houses, population, number of literatEs, the distribution of population by livelihood classes, the number of institutions and general information on amenities etc. 11'1 respect of every vIllage. In the 1961 Census it was decided with the concurrence of the State Government to continue the publIcation of the DistrIct Census Handbooks. The Contents of the District Census Handbooks of the 1961 Census are, however, a little more ambitious than those of the 1951 Census Handbooks in that besIdes the items of infor­ mation mentioned above a large number of tables giving general informa­ tion about the dIstricts have been added. The number of such tables comes to 41 besides 43 mset tables excluding those gIven in respect of Census data. As far as possible, an attempt has been made through these tables to give an epitome of the progress made by the district In various fIelds during the inter-censal period 1951-61. The book is divi­ ded into three parts. Part A ,gives a general description of the district, the progress made during the last decade, a Tf)view of the populatIon, lIteracy, employment and unemployment, household economic data etc., of the district based on Census data and a gazetteer. The appendices to this part contam the various tables of general information on which the review of progress has been based. Part B contains the Census data of 1961 compris Ing the general population tables, economic tables including household economic tablesr social and cultural tables, housing tables and special fables ,for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Part C IS the Village Directory. It is hoped that thIS Handbook will serve as a useful reference book on the Ernakulam distrlct. A book of this kind could not have been compiled but for the hearty co-operation and goodwill extended by the various departments of the State and Central Governments to whose kindness I am deeply indebted. Tbe District Census Handbook Sect ion of my ofhce conSIsting of a StatIs­ tical ASSIstant and a couple of compilers has been in charge of the entire work of collection and compilation of the data for this handbook. At the time of addreSSing the variOUS departments for collection of information for the DistrIct Census Handbooks Shri. H. Padmanabha Iyer of the Bureau of Economics and Statistics was the StatIstical Assistant in charge of the Section. After a short period of work in this Section he was transferred to the Tabulation Office, Kozhikode, as the Tabulation Officer. He was succeeded by Shri S. Jayashanker of the Bureau of Economics and Statistics as Statistical Assistant in charge of this handbook. While Shri Padmanabha Iyer has rendered excellent service in piloting the work of the collection of data for the handbooks, Shri Jayashanker who succeeded him has borne the brunt of the work in the preparation of this handbook which involved a good deal of careful analysis and laborious compilation. I feel happ~ in acknowledging the valuable contribution made by them and particularly Shl'i Jayashanker in the compilation of thIs important book. I should also acknowlecige the good work of the compIlers of the District -Census Hand~ book Section, Sarvashri K. N. Raman and E. V. Unnikrishnan Nair and of draftsman Shri S. Krishna Pillai who has prepared the entire set of maps given m the book. I should express my deep sense of grahtude to 5hri P. K. Adbulla I. A. S., Secretary to Government and Shrl K. Swaminathan, Superintendent of Government Presses for the warm co-operation extended by them for the tImely printing of this handbook. The S. G. Press, North Parur under the able gUidance of Shri. M. K. Mathai has executed the printmg of this volume efficiently and well. Above all I am grateful to Shri Asok Mitra, I. C. S., Registrar General, for the valuable guidance and help extended to me in this work. TrivandruID/ 18th February, 1965 M. K. DEVASSY ii CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE PART A GENE~AL History of the district 3 Situation 3 Administrative units 3 Area, physical features and natural divisions 3 River system 4 Mountains 5 Backwaters 6 ~oils 6 Geology 7 Climate 7 Forests 9 Land tenures 9 Agriculture 24 Live-stock 28 Educational Institutions 29 Public health 34 Vital statistics 37 Electric power 38 Communications 39 ,Industries 43 Trade 48 Fisheries 48 Community development 48 Revenue 49 Local Self Government 49 Co-operative societies! 50 Criminal justice 51 Small savmgs scheme 53 Printing presses and periodicals 53 Entertainments 53 Em,ployment Exchanges 53 Important events 53 Occupied houses and households 53 Growth of population 56 Population by taluks 57 Population by rural-urban distribution 57 Population by natural regions 58 Population density 59 Sex-ratio 61 Age 62 Marital status 63 Religion 63 Literacy and education 64 Languages 69 Birth place 69 Workers and non-workers 69 Household economic data 78 Gazetteer 82 APPENDICES PAGE Appendix 1 Normals of rainfall and rainy days (based on available data for the period 1901 to 1950) 93 Appendix 2 Rainfall 94 Appendix 3 Temperature 99 Appendix 4 Major and minor forest products 101 Appendix 5 Production of important crops for the last six years 101 Appendix 6 Consumer price index numbers 102 Appendix 7 Retail prices of certain commodities 103 Appendix 8 Live-stock and poultry (Live-stock Census 1961) 106 Appendix 9 Agricultural machinery and implements (Live-stock Census 1961) 110 Appendix 10 Colleges for the academic year 1960-61 111 Appendix 11 Technical Institutions 112 Appendix 12 Number of institutions and number of persons treated for the year 1960-61 H2 Appendix 13 Patients treated in various hospitaJs and dispensaries by diseases for 1960-61 112 Appendix 14 Rural sanitation for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 113 App-endix 15 Anti-adulteration activities for the period 1950-51 to 1960-1961 113 Appendix 16 Polymetric table of distances 114 Appendix 17 Facilities at various railway stations 116 Appendix 18 List of post offices 117 Appendix 19 Connections provided from telephone exchanges during the period 1957-58 to 1960-61 121 Appendix 20 Handicrafts 121 Appendix 21 Annual average earnings of workmen in a category of work for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 122 Appendix 22 Number of industrial disputes resulting in work­ stoppages for ,the period 1951 to 1960 124 Appendix 23 Number of industrial disputes resulting in work­ stoppages by causes for the period 1951 to 1960 125 Appendix 24 Import into the Port of Cochin for the period 1951-52 to 1959-60 126 Appendix 25· Export from the Port of Cochin for the period 1951-52 to 1959-60 132 Appendix 26 Physical achievements and people's contribution for the period 1956-57 to 1960-61 145 Appendix 27 Receipts u.Q.der excise revenue for the period 1950-51 ~o 1960-61 147 Appendix 28 Sales tax revenue for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 149 Appendix 29 Agricultural income tax and agricultural supertax. classified by grade of income for the period 1957-58 to 1960-61 150 Appendix 30 Incidence of land revenue assessment for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 152 iv PA.GE Appendix 31 Receipts under entertainment tax for the period 1950-51 to 1959-60 152 Appendix 32 Income of municipalities for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 153 Appendix 33 Expenditure of municipalities for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 155 Appendix 34 Income of panchayats for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 IS8 Appendix 35 Expenditure of pancbayats for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 159 Appendix 36 Nature and length of sentence of convicts JD Jails for the period 1957-58 to 1960-61 160 Appendix 37 Number of police stations, out posts and strength of police personnel etc., for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 160 Appendix 38 Number of printing presses and periodicals for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 ]61 Appendix 39 Cinemas conducted in the district for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 ' 161 Appendix 40 Employment exchange activities for the period 1957-58 to 1960-61 161 Appendix 41 Important events during the last decade 162 PART B CENSUS DATA (i) STATE TABLES I ARPA, HOUSES AND POPULATION 3 II VARIATION IN POPULATION DURING SIXTY YEARS 4 III WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY SEX 6 (ii) ERNAKULAM DISTRICT TABLES A-General Popnlation Tables \ A-I AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION Fly-leaf 11 Table A-I 19 '. Appendix I Statement showing 1951 territorial units constituting the present set-up of Ernakulam district 21 Appendix II Number of villages with a popUlation of 5,000 and over and towns with a population under 5,000 24 Appendix III Houseless and Institutional population ~4 A-II VARIATION IN POPULATION DURING FORTY YEARS Fly-leaf 25 Table A-II 26 Appendix Statement showing 1951 population according to the territorial jurisdiction in 1951. changes in area and the population involved in those changes 27 A-III VILLAGES CLASSIFIED BY POPULATION Fly-leaf 29 SPECIAL TABLE A-III KARASjMURISjDESOMS CLASSIFIED BY POPULATION Fly-leaf 29 Table A-III 30 Special Table A-III 30 v PAGE A-IV