Thermodynamic Study of Protein Synthesis and of Antibiotics Targeting the Ribosome
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W O 2015/175939 A1 19 November 2015 (19.11.2015) W I PO I P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date W O 2015/175939 A1 19 November 2015 (19.11.2015) W I PO I P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated,for every A61K 9/127 (2006.01) A01N 43/04 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (21) International Application Number: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, PCT/US2015/03 1079 DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, Fl, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, 15 May 2015 (15.05.2015) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, (25) Filing Language: English PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (26) Publication Language: English SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 61/993,439 15 May 2014 (15.05.2014) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated,for every 62/042,126 26 August 2014 (26.08.2014) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 62/048,068 9 September 2014 (09.09.2014) US GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, 62/056,296 26 September 2014 (26.09.2014) US TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, (71) Applicant: INSMED INCORPORATED [US/US]; 10 DK, EE, ES, Fl, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, Finderne Avenue, Building N'10, Bridgewater, NJ 08807- LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, 3365 (US). -
EMA/CVMP/158366/2019 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use
Ref. Ares(2019)6843167 - 05/11/2019 31 October 2019 EMA/CVMP/158366/2019 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use Advice on implementing measures under Article 37(4) of Regulation (EU) 2019/6 on veterinary medicinal products – Criteria for the designation of antimicrobials to be reserved for treatment of certain infections in humans Official address Domenico Scarlattilaan 6 ● 1083 HS Amsterdam ● The Netherlands Address for visits and deliveries Refer to www.ema.europa.eu/how-to-find-us Send us a question Go to www.ema.europa.eu/contact Telephone +31 (0)88 781 6000 An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2019. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Introduction On 6 February 2019, the European Commission sent a request to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for a report on the criteria for the designation of antimicrobials to be reserved for the treatment of certain infections in humans in order to preserve the efficacy of those antimicrobials. The Agency was requested to provide a report by 31 October 2019 containing recommendations to the Commission as to which criteria should be used to determine those antimicrobials to be reserved for treatment of certain infections in humans (this is also referred to as ‘criteria for designating antimicrobials for human use’, ‘restricting antimicrobials to human use’, or ‘reserved for human use only’). The Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) formed an expert group to prepare the scientific report. The group was composed of seven experts selected from the European network of experts, on the basis of recommendations from the national competent authorities, one expert nominated from European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), one expert nominated by European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), one expert with expertise on human infectious diseases, and two Agency staff members with expertise on development of antimicrobial resistance . -
Anew Drug Design Strategy in the Liht of Molecular Hybridization Concept
www.ijcrt.org © 2020 IJCRT | Volume 8, Issue 12 December 2020 | ISSN: 2320-2882 “Drug Design strategy and chemical process maximization in the light of Molecular Hybridization Concept.” Subhasis Basu, Ph D Registration No: VB 1198 of 2018-2019. Department Of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University A Draft Thesis is submitted for the partial fulfilment of PhD in Chemistry Thesis/Degree proceeding. DECLARATION I Certify that a. The Work contained in this thesis is original and has been done by me under the guidance of my supervisor. b. The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree or diploma. c. I have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the thesis. d. I have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct of the Institute. e. Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures and text) from other sources, I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the thesis and giving their details in the references. Further, I have taken permission from the copyright owners of the sources, whenever necessary. IJCRT2012039 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 284 www.ijcrt.org © 2020 IJCRT | Volume 8, Issue 12 December 2020 | ISSN: 2320-2882 f. Whenever I have quoted written materials from other sources I have put them under quotation marks and given due credit to the sources by citing them and giving required details in the references. (Subhasis Basu) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This preface is to extend an appreciation to all those individuals who with their generous co- operation guided us in every aspect to make this design and drawing successful. -
In Vivo Antibacterial Activity of Vertilmicin, a New Aminoglycoside
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Oct. 2009, p. 4525–4528 Vol. 53, No. 10 0066-4804/09/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/AAC.00223-09 Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. In Vivo Antibacterial Activity of Vertilmicin, a New Aminoglycoside Antibioticᰔ Xue-Fu You,†* Cong-Ran Li,† Xin-Yi Yang, Min Yuan, Wei-Xin Zhang, Ren-Hui Lou, Yue-Ming Wang, Guo-Qing Li, Hui-Zhen Chen, Dan-Qing Song, Cheng-Hang Sun, Shan Cen, Li-Yan Yu, Li-Xun Zhao, and Jian-Dong Jiang* Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China Received 18 February 2009/Returned for modification 4 May 2009/Accepted 15 July 2009 Vertilmicin is a novel aminoglycoside antibiotic with potent activity against gram-negative and -positive bacteria in vitro. In this study, we further evaluated the efficacy of vertilmicin in vivo in systemic and local infection animal models. We demonstrated that vertilmicin had relatively high and broad-spectrum activities against mouse systemic infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The 50% effective doses of subcutaneously administered vertilmicin were 0.63 to 0.82 mg/kg, 0.18 to 0.29 mg/kg, 0.25 to 0.99 mg/kg, and 4.35 to 7.11 mg/kg against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and E. faecalis infections, respectively. The therapeutic efficacy of vertilmicin was generally similar to that of Downloaded from netimicin, better than that of gentamicin in all the isolates tested, and better than that of verdamicin against E. -
Unsafe €Œcrossover-Use― of Chloramphenicol in Uganda
The Journal of Antibiotics (2021) 74:417–420 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41429-021-00416-3 BRIEF COMMUNICATION Unsafe “crossover-use” of chloramphenicol in Uganda: importance of a One Health approach in antimicrobial resistance policy and regulatory action 1,2 1,2 3 1 1 Kayley D. McCubbin ● John W. Ramatowski ● Esther Buregyeya ● Eleanor Hutchinson ● Harparkash Kaur ● 3 2 1 Anthony K. Mbonye ● Ana L. P. Mateus ● Sian E. Clarke Received: 22 December 2020 / Revised: 2 February 2021 / Accepted: 16 February 2021 / Published online: 19 March 2021 © The Author(s) 2021. This article is published with open access Abstract Since the introduction of antibiotics into mainstream health care, resistance to these drugs has become a widespread issue that continues to increase worldwide. Policy decisions to mitigate the development of antimicrobial resistance are hampered by the current lack of surveillance data on antibiotic product availability and use in low-income countries. This study collected data on the antibiotics stocked in human (42) and veterinary (21) drug shops in five sub-counties in Luwero district of Uganda. Focus group discussions with drug shop vendors were also employed to explore antibiotic use practices in the 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: community. Focus group participants reported that farmers used human-intended antibiotics for their livestock, and community members obtain animal-intended antibiotics for their own personal human use. Specifically, chloramphenicol products licensed for human use were being administered to Ugandan poultry. Human consumption of chloramphenicol residues through local animal products represents a serious public health concern. By limiting the health sector scope of antimicrobial resistance research to either human or animal antibiotic use, results can falsely inform policy and intervention strategies. -
2020 Antibiotic Reference Guide Trade to Generic
2020 ANTIBIOTIC REFERENCE GUIDE TRADE TO GENERIC Listing Alphabetically by Trade Name1 Indications2 Route of Administration Trade Names Manufacturer Generic Name Abbreviations* Gram + Gram - PO IM IV Topical Aktob Akorn Tobramycin To, TO, NN, TM, TOB • • Amikin Apothecon Amikacin Ak, AK, AN, AMI, AMK • • • Amoxil GlaxoSmithKline Amoxicillin AMX, Amx, AMOX, AC • • • Ancef GlaxoSmithKline Cefazolin Cfz, CFZ, CZ, FAZ, KZ • • • • Arestin Orapharma Minocycline Min, MIN, MI, MN, MNO, MC, MH • • • Atridox Tolmar Doxycycline Dox, DOX, DC, DOXY • • • Augmentin GlaxoSmithKline Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid AMC, Amc, A/C, AUG, Aug, XL, AML • • • Avelox Bayer Moxifloxacin Mox, MXF • • • Avycaz Allergan Ceftazidime-avibactam CZA • • Azactam Bristol-Myers Squibb Aztreonam Azt, AZT, ATM, AT, AZM • • • Bactocill GlaxoSmithKline Oxacillin Ox, OX, OXS, OXA • • Bactrim Mutual Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaxole T/S, SXT, SxT, TS, COT • • • Bactroban GlaxoSmithKline Mupirocin MUP, MOP, MU • • Baxdela Melinta Delafloxacin DFX • • • • Biaxin Abbvie Inc. Clarithromycin Cla, CLA, CLR, CLM, CH • • • Cedax Shionogi Ceftibuten CTB, TIB, CB • • • Cefaclor Multiple companies Cefaclor CCL, CEC, Cfr, FAC, CF • • • Cefizox Astellas Ceftizoxime Cz, ZOX, CZX, CZ, CTZ, TIZ • • • Cefobid Pfizer Cefoperazone Cfp, CFP, CPZ, PER, FOP, CP • • • Cefotan AstraZeneca Cefotetan Ctn, CTN, CTT, CTE, TANS, CN • • • • Ceftin GlaxoSmithKline Cefuroxime Crm, CXM, CFX, ROX, FUR, XM • • Cefzil Bristol-Myers Squibb Cefprozil CPZ, CPR, FP • • • Centany J&J Mupirocin MUP, MOP, MU • • Chloromycetin -
Antibiotics Currently in Clinical Development
A data table from Feb 2018 Antibiotics Currently in Global Clinical Development Note: This data visualization was updated in December 2017 with new data. As of September 2017, approximately 48 new antibiotics1 with the potential to treat serious bacterial infections are in clinical development. The success rate for clinical drug development is low; historical data show that, generally, only 1 in 5 infectious disease products that enter human testing (phase 1 clinical trials) will be approved for patients.* Below is a snapshot of the current antibiotic pipeline, based on publicly available information and informed by external experts. It will be updated periodically, as products advance or are known to drop out of development. Because this list is updated periodically, endnote numbers may not be sequential. In September 2017, the antibiotics pipeline was expanded to include products in development globally. Please contact [email protected] with additions or updates. Expected activity Expected activity against CDC Development against resistant Drug name Company Drug class Target urgent or WHO Potential indication(s)?5 phase2 Gram-negative critical threat ESKAPE pathogens?3 pathogen?4 Approved for: Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections; other potential Baxdela Approved June 19, Melinta Bacterial type II Fluoroquinolone Possibly No indications: community-acquired bacterial (delafloxacin) 2017 (U.S. FDA) Therapeutics Inc. topoisomerase pneumonia and complicated urinary tract infections6 Approved for: Complicated urinary Rempex tract infections including pyelonephritis; Vabomere Pharmaceuticals β-lactam (carbapenem) other potential indications: complicated Approved Aug. 30, (Meropenem + Inc. (wholly owned + β-lactamase inhibitor PBP; β-lactamase Yes Yes (CRE) intra-abdominal infections, hospital- 2017 (U.S. -
Lefamulin. Comment On: “Novel Antibiotics for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Microorganisms
microorganisms Comment Lefamulin. Comment on: “Novel Antibiotics for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Microorganisms. Microorganisms, 2019, 7, 270” 1,2, 1 1, 1, Despoina Koulenti * , Elena Xu , Isaac Yin Sum Mok y , Andrew Song y, 3, 2, 1,4,5, Drosos E. Karageorgopoulos y , Apostolos Armaganidis y, Jeffrey Lipman z and 3, Sotirios Tsiodras z 1 UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; [email protected] (E.X.); [email protected] (I.Y.S.M.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (J.L.) 2 2nd Critical Care Department, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; [email protected] 3 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; [email protected] (D.E.K.); [email protected] (S.T.) 4 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia 5 Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Nîmes (CHU), University of Montpellier, 30029 Nîmes, France * Correspondence: [email protected] Equal contribution-both 3rd authors. y They are joint senior authors. z Received: 16 September 2019; Accepted: 19 September 2019; Published: 24 September 2019 Abstract: On 18 August 2019, an article was published in Microorganisms presenting novel, approved anti-Gram-positive antibiotics. On 19 August 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced the approval of lefamulin, a representative of a new class of antibiotics, the pleuromutilins, for the treatment of adult community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. We present a brief description of lefamulin. -
Virtual Screen for Repurposing Approved and Experimental Drugs for Candidate Inhibitors of EBOLA Virus Infection [Version 2; Peer Review: 2 Approved]
F1000Research 2015, 4:34 Last updated: 28 SEP 2021 RESEARCH ARTICLE Virtual screen for repurposing approved and experimental drugs for candidate inhibitors of EBOLA virus infection [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] Veljko Veljkovic1, Philippe M. Loiseau 2, Bruno Figadere 2, Sanja Glisic1, Nevena Veljkovic1, Vladimir R. Perovic1, David P. Cavanaugh 3, Donald R. Branch4 1Center for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia 2Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076 CNRS BioCIS, Faculty of Pharmacy Université Paris-Sud, Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F 92290- Chatenay-Malabry, France 3Bench Electronics, Bradford Dr., Huntsville, AL, 35801, USA 4Canadian Blood Services, Center for Innovation, 67 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Canada v2 First published: 02 Feb 2015, 4:34 Open Peer Review https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6110.1 Latest published: 16 Feb 2015, 4:34 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6110.2 Reviewer Status Invited Reviewers Abstract The ongoing Ebola virus epidemic has presented numerous 1 2 challenges with respect to control and treatment because there are no approved drugs or vaccines for the Ebola virus disease (EVD). Herein is version 2 proposed simple theoretical criterion for fast virtual screening of (revision) report molecular libraries for candidate inhibitors of Ebola virus infection. We 16 Feb 2015 performed a repurposing screen of 6438 drugs from DrugBank using this criterion and selected 267 approved and 382 experimental drugs version 1 as candidates for treatment of EVD including 15 anti-malarial drugs 02 Feb 2015 report report and 32 antibiotics. An open source Web server allowing screening of molecular libraries for candidate drugs for treatment of EVD was also established. -
In Vitro Activity of Lefamulin Against a Global Collection of Bacterial Pathogens Commonly Causing Community-Acquired
In Vitro Activity of Lefamulin against a Global Collection of Bacterial Pathogens Commonly Causing Nabriva Therapeutics 1220 Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP) - SENTRY 2015 www.nabriva.com Lefamulin … [email protected] Paukner, Susanne 1; Sader, Helio S. 2; Streit, Jennifer M. 2; Flamm, Robert K. 2; Gelone, Steven P. 3 1 Nabriva Therapeutics, Vienna, Austria; 2 JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA, USA; 3 Nabriva Therapeutics, King of Prussia, PA, USA ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION RESULTS RESULTS continued Background: CABP is the number one reason for death by infectious diseases Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) is a major cause of adult and . Lefamulin displayed potent antibacterial activity against this global . Lefamulin was one of the most active compounds against S. pneumoniae worldwide and emerging resistance complicates its treatment. Lefamulin is the first child mortality globally with 3.2 million deaths in 2015 and an estimate of 3.5 collection of contemporary pathogens collected from patients with (MIC50/90 of 0.06/0.12 mg/L) with 99.9% of isolates inhibited at a semi-synthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic for IV and oral use in humans. It is currently million in 2030.1 The aetiology of CABP includes Streptococcus pneumoniae, predominantly respiratory tract infections (Table 3). lefamulin concentration of 0.5 mg/L. in Phase 3 trials for the treatment of CABP in adults. Lefamulin effectively and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Haemophilus 1,2 . S. pneumoniae isolates were largely susceptible to ceftaroline (99.9%), selectively inhibits bacterial translation by binding to the peptidyl transferase influenzae as significant aetiological agents. Increasing resistance rates to Table 3. -
In Vitro Activity of Lefamulin Against a Collection of Respiratory Pathogens from Pediatric Patients in US
In Vitro Activity of Lefamulin against a Collection of Respiratory Pathogens from Nabriva Therapeutics AG FRIDAY - 24 Pediatric PatientsLefamulin In US (SENTRY … Surveillance 2015) Vienna, Austria 1 2 2 3 2 www.nabriva.com Paukner, Susanne ; Flamm, Robert K ; S.J. Ryan Arends ; Gelone, Steven P. ; Sader, Helio S. [email protected] 1 Nabriva Therapeutics, Vienna, Austria; 2 JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA, USA; 3 Nabriva Therapeutics, King of Prussia, PA, USA ABSTRACT (amended) METHODS RESULTS Background: Lefamulin is the first semi-synthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic for IV and As part of the SENTRY surveillance 776 unique bacterial isolates were . Lefamulin demonstrated potent activity against this contemporary . Lefamulin displayed potent antibacterial activity with 100% of all oral use in humans and is currently in Phase 3 trials for the treatment of CABP in collected from pediatric patients (≤17 years old) in the US in 2015. collection of bacterial isolates collected from pediatric patients in 2015. S. pneumoniae inhibited at concentrations of ≤0.25 mg/L and 100% of adults. Lefamulin effectively and selectively inhibits bacterial translation by binding Susceptibility testing was conducted using the CLSI broth microdilution . H. influenzae isolates at ≤2 mg/L (Table 1, Figure 2). to the A- and P-site of the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) via an induced fit MIC distributions of lefamulin for isolates collected from pediatric and method and susceptibility was calculated using CLSI 2017 breakpoints.7 QC mechanism whereby nucleotides in the PTC shift and tighten the binding pocket adult patients are shown in Figure 1. MIC50/90 and summarized in Table 1. -
Lefamulin the Potential for 1 Antibiotic Rather Than 2 in CABP March 13, 2018
Lefamulin The potential for 1 antibiotic rather than 2 in CABP March 13, 2018 Prof. Mark H. Wilcox Professor of Medical Microbiology Leeds Teaching Hospitals & University of Leeds Confidential Disclosures Mark H. Wilcox has received Consulting fees from Abbott Laboratories, Actelion, Antabio, AiCuris, Astellas, Astra-Zeneca, Bayer, Biomèrieux, Cambimune, Cerexa, Da Volterra, The European Tissue Symposium, Ferring, The Medicines Company, MedImmune, Menarini, Merck, Meridian, Motif Biosciences, Nabriva, Paratek, Pfizer, Qiagen, Roche, Surface Skins, Sanofi-Pasteur, Seres, Summit, Synthetic Biologics, and Valneva Lecture fees from Abbott, Alere, Allergan, Astellas, Astra-Zeneca, Merck, Pfizer, Roche, and Seres Grant support from Abbott, Actelion, Astellas, Biomèrieux, Cubist, Da Volterra, Merck, MicroPharm, Morphochem AG, Sanofi-Pasteur, Seres, Spero, Summit, and The European Tissue Symposium Confidential Pleuromutilin Antibacterial Agents • Pleuromutilin antibiotics inhibit translation and are O OH R O 14 semisynthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring tricyclic H diterpenoid pleuromutilin isolated from an edible mushroom – Veterinary use: tiamulin and valnemulin (oral treatment of dysentery O Pleuromutilin R = OH and respiratory infections in swine and poultry) Pleurotus mutilus (Clitopilus – Human use: retapamulin (topical treatment of uSSSTI caused by scyphoides) MSSA or Streptococcus spp) Source: James Lindsey's Ecology of Commanster Site, 2006 • Lefamulin was discovered by Nabriva and is the first systemic CH2 pleuromutilin for