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La Ganga Ibérica Y La Ganga Ortega En España

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La Ganga Ibérica Y La Ganga Ortega En España 8 Seguimiento de Aves 8 La ganga ibérica y la ganga ortega en España Población en 2005 y método de censo en España. Población 2005 y método de censo La ganga ibérica y la ortega La ganga ibérica y la ganga ortega en España: población en 2005 y método de censo © Textos: Francisco Suárez, Israel Hervás, Jesús Herranz y Juan Carlos del Moral © Fotografía de portada: Jesús Ángel Jiménez Herce Maquetación: Espacio de Ideas Coordinación de la colección: Juan Carlos del Moral (SEO/BirdLife) Impresión: S.A. de Litografía © Fotografías interior: Carlos Sánchez, Jesús Ángel Jiménez Herce, Juan Martín Simón y Quique Marcelo Traducción inglés: Carole Patton © Dibujos: Juan Varela Simó Cita recomendada: Suárez, F., Hervás, I., Herranz, J. y Del Moral, J. C. 2006. La ganga ibérica y la ganga ortega en España: población en 2005 y método de censo. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid. © SEO/BirdLife C/ Melquiades Biencinto, 34 28053 Madrid Tel. 914 340 910 – Fax 914 340 911 [email protected] – www.seo.org Reservados todos los derechos. No se puede reproducir ninguna parte de esta publicación, ni almacenar en cualquier sistema de reproducción, ni trasmitir de ninguna forma ni bajo ningún concepto, mecánicamente, en fotocopias, en grabación, digital o de ninguna otra manera sin el permiso de los propietarios de los derechos de autor. I.S.B.N.: 84-934018-8-9 Depósito legal: B-4834-07 Impreso en España / Printed in Spain La ganga ibérica y la ganga ortega en España Población en 2005 y método de censo Autores: Francisco Suárez, Israel Hervás, Jesús Herranz y Juan Carlos del Moral Coordinación: Juan Carlos del Moral y Blas Molina Proyecto promovido y publicado por: Publicación patrocinada por: Con la colaboración de: La ganga ibérica y la ganga ortega en España ÍNDICE GENERAL Prólogo..................................................................................................... 4 Agradecimientos.................................................................................... 10 Introducción........................................................................................... 12 Metodología .......................................................................................... 16 Diseño de los muestreos ........................................................................ 16 Cobertura espacial ................................................................................. 18 Esfuerzo de censo................................................................................... 18 Fuentes de datos adicionales................................................................. 19 Tratamiento de los datos ....................................................................... 19 Depuración de la base de datos original............................................... 19 Unidad geográfica de análisis y regiones diferenciadas ...................... 19 Cálculo de la abundancia y densidad .................................................... 21 Estimas de la población .......................................................................... 23 Tendencias ............................................................................................... 26 Utilización del hábitat ............................................................................ 27 Ganga ibérica: resultados del censo y estimas poblacionales y tendencias ................................................... 28 Cobertura espacial y distribución temporal ......................................... 28 Esfuerzo de muestreo por cuadrículas.................................................. 32 Estimas de abundancia y densidad ....................................................... 35 Estimas de la población en las cuadrículas muestreadas ..................... 39 Estima 1 ................................................................................................... 39 Estima 2 ................................................................................................... 41 Población total: cifras provinciales y otros valores y estimas .............. 45 Consideraciones previas.......................................................................... 45 Castilla y León ......................................................................................... 46 Navarra, La Rioja, Aragón y Cataluña.................................................... 48 Castilla-La Mancha y Madrid.................................................................. 51 Extremadura............................................................................................ 54 Otras comunidades autónomas: Andalucía y Comunidad Valenciana ...... 55 Total nacional.......................................................................................... 57 Tendencias .............................................................................................. 59 Tendencias espaciales ............................................................................. 59 Tendencias en abundancia ..................................................................... 61 Tendencias generales.............................................................................. 62 2 Índice general Ganga ortega: resultados del censo, estimas poblacionales y tendencias ................................................................... 64 Cobertura espacial y distribución temporal ......................................... 64 Esfuerzo de muestreo por cuadrículas.................................................. 68 Estimas de abundancia y densidad ....................................................... 68 Estimas de la población en las regiones muestreadas ......................... 72 Estima 1 ................................................................................................... 72 Estima 2 ................................................................................................... 74 Población total: cifras provinciales y comparación con otros valores y estimas .................................................................... 77 Castilla y León ......................................................................................... 77 Navarra, La Rioja, Aragón y Cataluña.................................................... 80 Castilla-La Mancha y Madrid.................................................................. 82 Extremadura............................................................................................ 85 Andalucía y Murcia ................................................................................. 86 Otras comunidades autónomas: Valencia y la Comunidad Canaria .... 88 Total nacional.......................................................................................... 88 Tendencias .............................................................................................. 91 Tendencias espaciales ............................................................................. 91 Tendencias en abundancia ..................................................................... 94 Tendencias generales.............................................................................. 95 Uso del hábitat ...................................................................................... 96 Recomendaciones sobre la metodología de censo............................ 100 Estado de conservación....................................................................... 102 Comparación entre especies y epílogo............................................... 108 Resumen............................................................................................... 114 Summary .............................................................................................. 118 Colaboradores...................................................................................... 123 Bibliografía .......................................................................................... 129 Anexo 1 ................................................................................................ 134 Anexo 2 ................................................................................................ 135 3 La ganga ibérica y la ganga ortega en España PRÓLOGO El nido de la ortega… o la metáfora de un drama Vestidas de tierra baldía: ¡incomparecen! Joaquín Araujo Interior andaluz, primeros días de agosto, lorquianas cinco de la tarde. Al sol, sin una brizna de sombra que atenúe su labor, la hembra de ortega incuba sus hue- vos. Desde horas atrás, la superficie del suelo supera los cincuenta grados de tem- peratura. El animal tiene los ojos entornados y el papo en movimiento, con una moción rítmica pero frenética; está usando el agua que bebió esta mañana para enfriarse evaporándola. La tomó de un bebedero lejano, quizá el último de este verano, porque a ella y sus congéneres, intensamente recelosos de los depredado- res y el hombre, no les vale cualquier punto de agua. Necesitan que esté despeja- do, de forma que puedan llegar apeonando las últimas decenas de metros y ase- gurarse de que está libre de amenazas. Su recelo a los depredadores es reflejo de otro condicionante evolutivo inherente a ocupar ambientes esteparios: el elevado riesgo de depredación, sobre todo de sus nidos. Las gangas están evolutivamente adaptadas a estas circunstancias hostiles, que compensan con sus coloraciones crípticas –indumento de tierra baldía–, la longe- vidad de los ejemplares adultos, la facilidad para hacer puestas de reposición, sus mecanismos de termorregulación y otras estrategias. Pero son muestra de las dificul- tades intrínsecas a ellas
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